useful spanish words for essays

51 Spanish Phrases for Essays to Impress with Words

• January 7, 2021

Joanna Lupa

Communicating in a foreign language is hard enough, even in everyday situations, when no sophisticated or academic vocabulary is needed. 

Being able to write an actual essay in Spanish requires you not only to have a solid grammar base but also be knowledgeable about specific phrases and words typically used in school and university writing. 

For those of you who study in one of the Spanish speaking countries or are toying with the idea of signing up for an exchange program, I have prepared a summary of useful Spanish phrases for essays. They are divided into the following categories:

• Connectors (sequence, contrast, cause and effect, additional information, and conclusion)
• Expressions to give your opinion, agree and disagree with a thesis
• fancy academic expressions

Spanish Connectors to Use in Essays

Written language tends to be more formal than the spoken one. Ideas get explained in complex sentences showing how they relate to each other. A fantastic tool to achieve that is connectors.

What are some useful Spanish connectors for essays? Let’s have a look at the ten examples below:

• 🇪🇸 primero – 🇬🇧 first
• 🇪🇸 segundo – 🇬🇧 second
• 🇪🇸 el siguiente argumento – 🇬🇧 the next argument
• 🇪🇸 finalmente – 🇬🇧 finally, last but not least 
• 🇪🇸 sin embargo – 🇬🇧 however, nevertheless, nonetheless
• 🇪🇸 por lo tanto – 🇬🇧 therefore, thus
• 🇪🇸 además – 🇬🇧 besides
• 🇪🇸 por un lado….por el otro lado – 🇬🇧 on the one hand….on the other hand
• 🇪🇸 a menos que – 🇬🇧 unless
• 🇪🇸 a pesar de (algo) – 🇬🇧 despite / in spite of (something)
• 🇪🇸 aunque / a pesar de que – 🇬🇧 although / even though
• 🇪🇸 debido a – 🇬🇧 due to
• 🇪🇸 puesto que / dado que – 🇬🇧 given that
• 🇪🇸 ya que –  🇬🇧 since
• 🇪🇸 mientras que – 🇬🇧 whereas
• 🇪🇸 en conclusión – 🇬🇧 in conclusion
• 🇪🇸 para concluir – 🇬🇧 to conclude

Do you think you would know how to use these connectors in an essay? Let’s suppose you are writing about ecology:

🇪🇸 Los paises han estado cambiando sus politicas. Sin embargo, aún queda mucho por hacer.  🇬🇧 Countries have been changing their policies. However, there is still a lot to do. 

🇪🇸 Una de las amenazas climáticas es el efecto invernadero. Además está la contaminación del agua que presenta un serio riesgo para la salud.  🇬🇧 One of the climate threats is the greenhouse effect. Besides, there is water pollution that presents a severe health hazard. 

🇪🇸 A pesar de los acuerdos internacionales, varios países no han mejorado sus normas ambientales.  🇬🇧 Despite international agreements, many countries haven’t yet improved their environmental standards. 

🇪🇸 Debido a la restricción en el uso de bolsas de plástico desechables, Chile ha podido reducir su huella de carbono.  🇬🇧 Due to the restrictions in the use of disposable plastic bags, Chile has been able to reduce its carbon print. 

Spanish Phrases to Express Your Opinion in Essays

Essay topics commonly require you to write what you think about something. Or whether you agree or disagree with an idea, a project, or someone’s views. 

The words below will allow you to express your opinion effortlessly and go beyond the typical “creo que ” – “ I think ”:

• 🇪🇸 (yo) opino que – 🇬🇧 in my opinion
• 🇪🇸 me parece que – 🇬🇧 it seems to me
• 🇪🇸 desde mi punto de vista – 🇬🇧 from my point of view
• 🇪🇸 (no) estoy convencido que  – 🇬🇧 I am (not) convinced that
• 🇪🇸 no me cabe la menor duda – 🇬🇧 I have no doubt 
• 🇪🇸 estoy seguro que – 🇬🇧 I’m sure
• 🇪🇸 dudo que – 🇬🇧 I doubt
• 🇪🇸 sospecho que – 🇬🇧 I suspect
• 🇪🇸 asumo que – 🇬🇧 I assume
• 🇪🇸 estoy (totalmente, parcialmente) de acuerdo – 🇬🇧 I (totally, partially) agree
• 🇪🇸 no estoy de acuerdo en absoluto – 🇬🇧 I absolutely disagree
• 🇪🇸 opino diferente – 🇬🇧 I have a different opinion
• 🇪🇸 me niego a aceptar – 🇬🇧 I refuse to accept
• 🇪🇸 estoy en contra / a favor de – 🇬🇧 I am against / in favor of
• 🇪🇸 no podría estar más de acuerdo – 🇬🇧 I couldn’t agree more
• 🇪🇸 encuentro absolutamente cierto / falso  – 🇬🇧 I find it absolutely correct / false

Phrases like these can really give shape to your essay and increase its formality level. This time, let’s verify it with views on education: 

🇪🇸 Opino que estudiando remotamente los jóvenes están perdiendo las habilidades sociales.  🇬🇧 In my opinion, remote schooling makes youngsters lose their social skills. 

🇪🇸 Dudo que esta decisión traiga verdaderos cambios para el sistema educacional en mi país.  🇬🇧 I doubt this change will bring any real changes to the educational system in my country. 

🇪🇸 Estoy totalmente de acuerdo con que todos deberían tener acceso a educación de calidad. 🇬🇧 I totally agree that everyone should have access to good quality education. 

🇪🇸 Estoy en contra de escuelas solo para niñas o solo para niños.  🇬🇧 I am against girls-only or boys-only schools. 

Pay attention to certain language differences between English and Spanish versions. The most common mistake that my students make is to say “ I am agree ” ❌ (direct translation from “ Estoy de acuerdo ”) instead of “ I agree ”✔️. 

Fancy Academic Verbs and Expressions for Essays in Spanish

Would you like to impress your professor with sophisticated academic vocabulary or get extra points on your DELE? Grab a pen and take notes:

• 🇪🇸 afirmar  – 🇬🇧 to state
• 🇪🇸 refutar – 🇬🇧 to refute, to reject
• 🇪🇸 argumentar – 🇬🇧 to argue that
• 🇪🇸 poner en duda  – 🇬🇧 to cast doubt
• 🇪🇸 poner en evidencia – 🇬🇧 to shed light 
• 🇪🇸 demostrar – 🇬🇧 to demonstrate
• 🇪🇸 concentrarse en – 🇬🇧 to focus on
• 🇪🇸 sostener – 🇬🇧 to sustain
• 🇪🇸 reflejar – 🇬🇧 to reflect
• 🇪🇸 considerando (que) – 🇬🇧 considering (that)
• 🇪🇸 siendo realista – 🇬🇧 realistically speaking
• 🇪🇸 de cierto modo – 🇬🇧 in a way
• 🇪🇸 en lo que se refiere a – 🇬🇧 with regards to
• 🇪🇸 en vista de – 🇬🇧 in view of
• 🇪🇸 de acuerdo a – 🇬🇧 according to
• 🇪🇸 no obstante – 🇬🇧 nevertheless

So many great words to work with! And some of them sound really similar to English, right? This is exactly why Spanish is such a good option when you want to learn a second language.

Let’s see how to make all these verbs and phrases work:

🇪🇸 Los resultados de los nuevos estudios ponen en duda la relación entre el consumo de huevos y altos niveles de colesterol.  🇬🇧 The recent study findings cast doubt on the relation between egg consumption and high cholesterol levels. 

🇪🇸 Los autores del estudio argumentan que los azucares y los carbohidratos juegan un rol importante en este asunto.  🇬🇧 The authors of the study argue that sugars and carbs play an important role in this topic. 

🇪🇸 En lo que se refiere al consumo de carne, este influye directamente los niveles de colesterol malo, sobre todo si es carne con mucha grasa. 🇬🇧 Regarding meat consumption, it directly influences the levels of “bad” cholesterol, especially in the case of greasy meat. 

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65 spanish phrases to use in an essay.

If Spanish is not your first language, memorizing specific phrases can help you improve your essay-writing skills and make you sound more like a native speaker. Thus below, you will find a list of useful phrases categorized by groups to help you appear more proficient and take your essays to the next level!

Introductory Phrases

Based on my vast experience as a freelance writer , I can say that starting an essay is undoubtedly the most challenging part of essay writing. Nonetheless, many phrases have proven to help organize my thoughts and form cohesive and intriguing introductions, such as:

• “Para empezar” – To begin with

• “Al principio” – At the beginning… 

• “En primer lugar” – To start… 

• “Empecemos por considerar” – Let’s begin by considering/acknowledging 

• “A manera de introducción” – We can start by saying…

• “Como punto de partida “ – As a starting point

• “Hoy en día” – Nowadays… Notice that these introductory phrases are not exactly the same than those you would use in a conversation. For that, I suggest reading my article about Sentence Starters in Spanish .

You can also use phrase to introduce a new topic in the text such as:

• En lo que se refiere a – Regarding to
• Respecto a – Regarding to
• En cuanto a – Regarding to
• Cuando se trata de – When it comes to
• Si pasamos a hablar de – If we go ahead to talk about

Concluding Phrases

It is also crucial that you know how to finish your essay. A good conclusion will allow you to tie all your ideas together and emphasize the key takeaways. Below, a few ways in which you can begin a concluding argument:

• “En conclusion” – In conclusion

• “En resumen/resumiendo…” – In summary

• “Como se puede ver…” – As you can see

• “Para concluir” – To conclude

• “Para finalizar” – To finish

• “Finalmente, podemos decir que…” – We can then say that…

• “ En consecuencia, podemos decir que…” – As a result, one can say that…

• “Por fin” – Finally

Transitional Phrases

Transitions phrases are crucial if you wish your essay to flow smoothly. Thus, I recommend you pay special attention to the following sentences:

• “Además” – Besides

• “Adicionalmente” – In addition…

• “Dado que…” – Given that…

• “Por lo tanto” – Therefore

• “Entonces” – Thus/So

• “Debido a…” – Hence

• “Mientras tanto” – Meanwhile

• “Por lo que” – This is why

• “Desde entonces” – Since then

Argumentative Phrases

When writing essays, it is very common for us to need to include argumentative phrases to get our message across. Hence, if you are looking for new ways to introduce an argument, below a few ideas:

• “Por otro lado…” – On the other hand…

• “En primera instancia…” – First of all 

• “A diferencia de…” – As oppossed to

• “De igual forma” – More so

• “Igualmente” – The same goes for… 

• “En otras palabras” – In other words

• “A pesar de que…” – Although 

• “Aunque” – Even though 

• “En contraste” – By contrast 

• “De hecho…” – In fact… 

• “Sin embargo” – Nevertheless

• “No obstante” – However

Opinion Phrases

There are many formal (and less formal ways) to express your opinions and beliefs in Spanish. Here, a few examples: 

• “Considero que…” – I considerthat…

• “Mi opinión es” – It is my opinion

• “Pienso que…” – I think that…

• “Opino que” – In my opinion…

• “Afortunadamente” – Fortunately

• “ Lamentablemente” – Unfortunately

• “Me parece que…” – It seems to me that…

• “En mi opinión” – I believe that…

• “En mi experiencia” – Based on my experience

• “Como yo lo veo…” – As I see it…

• “Es mi parecer” – My pointview 

General Phrases

Finally, I wanted to include a group of useful common phrases that can enrich your essay’s vocabulary:

•   “En realidad” – In reality

• “Actualmente” – Today/Nowadays 

• “De acuerdo a…” – According to… 

• “Por ejemplo” – For example

• “Cabe recalcar que…” – It is important to note that… 

• “Vale la pena resaltar que…” – It is important to highlight that… 

• “No podemos ignorar que…” – We can’t ignore that… 

• “Normalmente” – Usually/Normally 

• “Por lo general” – In general

• “Es normal que…” – It is normal to…

• “Otro hecho importante es…” – Another relevant factor is… 

• “Podría decirse que…” – One could say that… 

• “Para ilustrar” – To illustrate 

There you have it! A list of 60 useful phrases you can memorize to make your essays sound more professional and become more appealing to readers. However, if you are struggling and need further assistance with your essay, here you can see an Spanish essay example that can help you to structure and edit your work.

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The Advanced Spanish Words You Definitely Need

Speaking Spanish in casual conversations is a rewarding experience. Sure, native Spanish speakers converse at a really fast pace. But, if you ask them to slow down, they will—and they will probably try to help you understand and be part of the conversation.

At the end of the day, there’s a reason why Spanish-speaking countries are said to have some of the friendliest people!

But what happens when, instead of an informal chat over some wine and tapas, you have to face a doctor’s appointment or a super important business meeting? Formal situations will call for advanced Spanish words, which might be scary for those who are still learning.

Namely, you’ll have to step up your game in order to succeed in conversations related to higher education, business, the law, and even medicine. 

Don’t worry, though! You can be prepared for all those kinds of situations! SpanishPod101 is here to help with this guide to the advanced Spanish words you’ll need to thrive in a variety of contexts. Also, stick around for some bonus expressions that will help you ace your next Spanish essay.

¡Que lo disfrutes! (“Enjoy!”)

Do business in Spanish like a pro!

• Advanced Academic Words
• Advanced Business Words
• Advanced Medical Words
• Advanced Legal Words
• Bonus: Alternative Words for Acing a Spanish Essay
• Final Thoughts

1. Advanced Academic Words

One of the reasons people move to Spain is to study, whether that means studying the Spanish language itself or pursuing another subject of interest. However, one must keep in mind that the academic environment is much more formal than everyday Spanish life. 

Especially if you have to write essays, compose a thesis, or discuss a topic in class, you’ll need to master some advanced Spanish vocabulary related to the academic world. Of course, if you forget some of the most common classroom phrases in Spanish , you can always head over to SpanishPod101.com to review them!

Here you’ll find the essential words related to studies and training, so you’ll be prepared for everything from exams to seminars. We have also included a section on advanced Spanish words that’ll help you defend your work or thesis.

You’ll notice that many words are similar to their English counterparts, as formal or niche words tend to evolve less in languages. This means you’re one step ahead in mastering advanced Spanish!

1 – Studies and Training

¿Cuál es el plan de estudios de tu carrera? (“What’s the syllabus of your degree?”)

2 – Defending Your Thesis

Los investigadores (“The researchers”)

2. Advanced Business Words

Similar to entering the Spanish academic world, finding a job that requires you to speak fluent Spanish is a challenging opportunity. First things first: You need to learn all the essential words related to the workplace.

You already know the basics, of course. But if you need to review, you can refer to the Spanish Job Vocabulary lesson on SpanishPod101.com.

Here are the advanced words in Spanish that will help you handle business like a pro!

¡Estás contratado! (“You’re hired!”)

3. Advanced Medical Words

Some of the most important advanced Spanish words are those related to the field of medicine. You never really think about these words until you urgently need to use them!

Having to visit the doctor is normally an unpleasant (and often unexpected) situation that can make us feel vulnerable, especially if we don’t understand the words he or she is saying. “ Radiografía ? What’s that supposed to mean? It sounds bad…!”

Don’t panic. Here is an advanced Spanish vocabulary word list that will prepare you for any medical situation!

Knowing medical vocabulary in Spanish will definitely help you feel more at ease!

Tengo la gripe… (“I got the flu…”)

4. Advanced Legal Words 

Dealing with legal or bureaucratic situations is a classic example of when you would need to know advanced words in Spanish. Legal vocabulary is highly formal and technical, and it’s easy to feel frustrated if, for example, you can’t tell the difference between the abogado and the procurador .

With this advanced Spanish words list, you’ll learn the most important concepts of the legal world. Knowing these words will prepare you to face any situation involving the public administration or the court system.

Don’t forget to get yourself a good attorney, too!

¡Silencio en la sala! (“Order in the court!”)

5. Bonus: Alternative Words for Acing a Spanish Essay 

As promised, here is a bonus list of advanced Spanish words you can use to surprise your Spanish teacher! 

You already know how to describe objects, people, and feelings, and how to maintain a coherent and fluent discourse. The next step is to start introducing some “high-end” words (including helpful connectors) into your vocabulary that can substitute basic everyday words. Using them well can help you score higher on your writing tests.

Connectors can definitely help you seem more clever!

1 – Adjectives

For “big” and “long”:.

For “important”:

For “small”:

¡Mira estos diminutos pollitos! (“Look at these tiny chickens!”)

2 – Adverbs

For “only” and “just”:.

Positive reinforcers:

Negative reinforcers:

3 – Connectors

For “likewise”:.

For “however”:

For “moreover”:

For “regarding”:

For “to sum up”:

¡Qué buen discurso! (“What a great speech!”)

6. Final Thoughts

In this guide to advanced Spanish words, you have learned the most important words in the academic, business, medical, and legal worlds. Also, the bonus section gave you a handful of tools you can use to ace your written exams or essays in Spanish class. You’re now prepared to face any type of formal situation! 

Did you know any of these words already? Which ones? 

Of course, you can still continue your journey of learning advanced Spanish! SpanishPod101.com has plenty of advanced Spanish lessons to help you gain knowledge, skills, and confidence. We will help you dive deeper into Spanish culture and flex your fluency in any situation. And don’t forget to check out the free vocabulary lists and other useful tools on SpanishPod101.com . They will make the path super fun!

¡Hasta pronto! (“See you soon!”)

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93 Useful Spanish Subjunctive Phrases

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November 26, 2016

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The subjunctive is hardly any Spanish language learner’s favorite topic to discuss, but cheer up! With this list of Spanish subjunctive phrases, plus a previous article which you can access HERE , you can be on your way to surviving---and even kicking ass---on the topic of Spanish subjunctive.

Here’s your list! Feel free to download a copy of the PDF which can be accessed at the end of this article.

Spanish subjunctive phrases related to expressions of feelings or emotions

Related to expressions of will such as orders, advice or desires

Spanish subjunctive phrases related to expressions of opinion, possibility or doubt

Negative or interrogatory statements that need the subjunctive

Conjunctive phrases that need the subjunctive

That wasn’t so bad, huh? As promised, here’s the downloadable PDF.

About the author 

Anastasia is a Chicago, Illinois native. She began studying Spanish over 10 years ago, and hasn’t stopped since. Living in Spain since 2012, she loves Spanish tortilla, vino tinto, and anything that contains jamón ibérico.

[…] out this article for a list of phrases that trigger the subjunctive. If you put them in the past tense, you trigger […]

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Basic Guidelines For Writing Essays in Spanish

Students tend to focus on speaking practice while learning Spanish, so they often neglect writing. However, most educators emphasize its importance for mastering the language. They say it’s impossible to become fluent in a particular language if one doesn’t train writing skills. 

Therefore, teachers give a lot of essay assignments to students. This type of homework is a great way to inspire them to think and communicate in Spanish effectively. It may be quite difficult to complete such a task. However, it’s one of the most effective ways to learn Spanish or any other language.

You may be tempted to go online and find the best essay writing service to have your essay written for you. This may be helpful when you’re pressed for time, but in the long run, you’re missing an opportunity to improve your own essay writing skills. That’s why we are going to provide you with some recommendations on how to ease the writing process.

Some tips on writing in Spanish 

• Be careful with word spelling. Remember that teachers pay special attention to spelling so it can either make or break your student image. Having good spelling makes a positive impression of your writing skills and boosts your grades. 
• Make your essay coherent with the help of connectors. Use them to explain the relationship between the ideas so your essay doesn’t look like just a list of thoughts and facts. 
• Pay attention to syntax or the word order. As you need to stick to the academic style, try to keep the traditional order such as “subject + verb + objects”. This will also help you express your opinion in a simpler way, so it’s more clear to the reader.
• Avoid word repetitions by using synonyms. Frequent repetitions make your text boring and heavy. If you use the same words again and again, your essay will look dull. Hence, try to find synonyms in Spanish thesaurus and replace the most commonly used expressions with them. 
• Before you create a final version of your essay, let someone read it and give feedback. It’s hard to be objective about your writing, so ask another person to tell you which ideas are less clear if your text contains any confusing phrases, and what are the positive aspects that can be reinforced. 
• Do not write the essay in your native language first to translate it into Spanish then. This approach is not viable for mastering a foreign language. The only thing that you are doing by translating the text literally is practicing the grammatical structures that you have learned. This doesn’t help you learn new idioms and collocations that don’t follow the general grammatical rules. 

Now that you know how to make your writing better, let’s consider a step-by-step guide to essay writing in Spanish. 

Pick an interesting topic 

If possible, choose a topic you are truly excited about. Unless the specific title was given to you by instructors, find a theme you want to research and write about. True interest is what will drive you towards creating an excellent piece. If you enjoy reading about the subject you are going to analyze in your essay, then you will definitely succeed in writing. Remember that decent work can be done only if you are passionate about it. 

Brainstorm the ideas 

When it comes to any project, brainstorming is an integral stage of the creation process. This is one of the most efficient ways to gain insights and generate new ideas. You can use this technique to think of the main supporting arguments, an approach for a catchy introduction, and paragraph organization. You can also try freewriting and/or make a brief outline to ease the writing process itself. 

Create an introduction 

Probably the main rule about creating an introduction that you have to stick to is adding a clear thesis statement there. It must be included in the first paragraph to give your essay a certain direction and help the readers focus their attention on the topic. Also, your introduction must be catchy and intriguing to evoke the desire to read the essay further and learn more. 

Organize an essay body 

It’s essential to make the body paragraphs organized logically. You need to make sure that each of them is closely related to the main topic and discusses one major point. Each body paragraph must consist of a topic sentence and supporting arguments with evidence. It’s very important to write sentences in a logical sequence so they follow each other orderly. Also, since paragraphs shouldn’t overlap in content, add smooth transitions from one to the other. 

Sum up the content 

The vital requirement to the conclusion is that it must logically relate to the original thesis statement. Generally, it’s not acceptable to introduce new ideas in the conclusion. Instead, you need to sum up the main points mentioned in the essay’s body. It’s also forbidden to add any off-topic ideas to the last paragraph of your paper.

Check content relevance and cohesion 

Once you complete the conclusion, read through the essay for relevance and cohesion. Make sure that the whole piece is on the topic and in the mode required. In particular, check if body paragraphs support the thesis statement and whether the conclusion relates to it. After that, read your paper once again to see whether the parts connect together well. Think if there are logical links between ideas and if you need more transitions. 

Read for clarity and style

Scan your essay to find out whether some sections may be unclear to the reader. Analyze the text to find out if it sounds academic and polished. Check if there are any vague pronouns, excessive wording, or awkward phrases. Don’t forget to make sure that all points are listed in similar grammatical forms.

The last stage of your writing process is final proofreading. Read your paper the last time looking at grammar, spelling, punctuation, verb tense, word forms, and pronoun agreement. Correct all the mistakes to make your work excellent. 

Remember that the most important thing about learning a foreign language is a regular practice. Therefore, you should use any opportunity provided by instructors to polish your skills. Hopefully, the recommendations given above will help you write an excellent essay and master the Spanish language!

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100 Spanish Words You Should Know

• History & Culture
• Pronunciation
• Writing Skills
• B.A., Seattle Pacific University

Obviously, you're not going to be able to say everything you want to say with only 100 Spanish words — although you could do surprisingly well with fewer than 1,000. But if you can learn these 100 words and understand how they're used, you'll be a long way toward being able to communicate freely in Spanish.

Definitions below are for quick reference; all the words can be translated in additional ways.

Top 100 Spanish Words

1. gracias (thanks) 2. ser (be) 3. a (to) 4. ir (to go) 5. estar (to be) 6. bueno (good) 7. de (of, from) 8. su (your, her, his, their) 9. hacer (to do, to make) 10. amigo (friend) 11. por favor (please) 12. no (no) 13. en (on, in) 14. haber ("to have" as an auxiliary verb) 15. tener (to have, to possess) 16. un, uno, una (a, one) 17. ahora (now) 18. y (and) 19. que , qué (that, what) 20. por (for, by) 21. amar (to love) 22. quién (who) 23. para (for, to) 24. venir (to come) 25. porque (because) 26. el, la, los, las (the) 27. antes (before) 28. más (more) 29. bien ("well" as an adverb) 30. aquí, allí (here, there) 31. querer (to want, to love) 32. hola (hello) 33. tú (you) 34. poder (to be able) 35. gustar (to be pleasing) 36. poner (to put) 37. casi (almost) 38. saber (to know) 39. como (like, as) 40. donde (where) 41. dar (to give) 42. pero (but) 43. se (itself, herself, himself, themselves) 44. mucho (much) 45. nuevo (new) 46. cuando (when) 47. chico, chica (boy, girl) 48. entender (to understand) 49. si (if) 50.  o (or) 51. feliz (happy) 52. todo (all, every) 53. mismo (same) 54. muy (very) 55. nunca (never) 56. yo , me (I, me) 57. sí (yes) 58. grande, gran  (big, great) 59. deber (to owe, should) 60. usted (you) 61. bajo (low, under) 62. otro (other) 63. salir (to leave) 64. hora (hour; see also lesson on telling time ) 65. desde (from) 66. ver (to see) 67. malo, mal (bad) 68. pensar (to think) 69. hasta (until) 70. tanto, tan (used in making comparisons) 71. entre (between, among) 72. durante (during) 73. llevar (to wear, to carry) 74. siempre (always) 75. empezar (to begin) 76. él, ella, ellos, ellas (he, she, they) 77. leer (to read) 78. cosa (thing) 79. sacar (to take out, to remove) 80. conocer (to know) 81. primero (first) 82. andar (to walk) 83. sobre (over, about) 84. echar (to throw) 85. sin (without) 86. decir (to say) 87. trabajar (to work) 88. nosotros (we, us) 89. también (also) 90. adiós (goodbye) 91. comer (to eat) 92. triste (sad) 93. país (country) 94. escuchar (to listen, to listen to) 95. hombre (man) 96. mujer (woman) 97. le (indirect-object pronoun) 98. creer (to believe, to think) 99. encontrar (to find) 100. beber (to drink)

And a Few More

Here are some other words that very well could have made the list:

101. hablar (to speak) 102. ese, esa (demonstrative "that"; also see the demonstrative pronouns ) 103. baño (bathroom) 104. después (afterwards, later) 105. gente (people) 106. ciudad (city) 106. sentir (to feel) 107. llegar (to arrive) 108. pequeño (small) 109. escribir (to write) 110. año (year) 111. menos (minus, except) 112. lo (various uses) 113. cual (that, which) 114. este, esta (this) 115. dejar (to leave) 116. parte (part) 117. nada (nothing) 118.  cada (each) 119. seguir (to continue, to follow) 120. partir (to divide) 121. ya (still, already) 122. parecer (to seem)

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List of Spanish Connectives

Complete list of spanish connectives, adding connectives.

Contrasting Connectives

Connectives that Express a Result

Explanatory Connectives

Connectives that Express a Concession

Reformulating Connectives

Example Connectives

Correcting Connectives

Summarising Connectives

Sequencing Connectives

Supporting Connectives

Digressing Connectives

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75 Common Spanish Transition Words to Connect Your Thoughts

Transition words are the knots that hold sentences together. They help things blend together and smooth out our sentences:

Fui al parque, luego al gimnasio y finalmente a la tienda. ( I went to the park, then the gym and finally the store.)

Without them, our speech would sound choppy and oversimplified.

What Are Transition Words?

Types of spanish transition words, 1. transition words for time, 2. transition words for location, 3. transition words for explaining, 4. transition words for add-ons, 5. transition words for results, 6. transition words for emphasis, 7. transition words for comparison and contrast, 8. transition words for summarizing, quiz on spanish transition words, and one more thing….

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Transition words in Spanish are words and phrases that help us connect ideas between sentences .

When we connect sentences with transition words, we add only a couple of words, but we make the meaning of what we are saying much clearer. Have a look:

No tengo mucho tiempo. Voy a ir a la fiesta. (I don’t have much time. I will go to the party.)

The sentences may be correct, but what is the relation between them? By adding transition words to the mix, everything starts to make sense:

No tengo mucho tiempo pero voy a ir a la fiesta. (I don’t have much time but I’ll go to the party.)

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Aunque no tengo mucho tiempo, voy a ir a la fiesta. ( Although I don’t have much time, I’ll go to the party.)

No tengo mucho tiempo. Además , voy a ir a la fiesta. (I don’t have much time. Besides , I’m going to the party.)

Depending on the meaning of your sentence, you’ll want to use a different set of transition words to help you with it.

They’re classified into different groups depending on the resource, but here are the eight types of transition words often referred to:

• Time • Location • Explanation • Add-ons • Result • Emphasis • Comparison and c ontrast • Summary

If you pay attention to how native speakers converse, you’ll notice how these transition words can come into play and help a sentence flow.

The first type of transition words have to do with time, whether we’re talking about something that already happened, will happen or maybe just constructing a timeline:

Note that luego, después and más tarde can be used interchangeably when describing a succession of events or giving instructions.

If we’re looking at where one thing is relative to another, we can use these transitional phrases:

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If we need some help in explaining something smoothly, we can use these words to provide context:

If you’ve made one statement, but have additional details to add, you can tack them on with these words:

Just remember that y can only connect two words, phrases or sentences of the same category. This is called coordination, and y is a coordinating conjunction.

When referring to cause and effects, you can use these phrases to transition from one to the other:

Using these transition words correctly will really strengthen whichever part of your phrase that you emphasize it with:

Comparing and contrasting requires lots of transition words in order to flow and make sense:

Sometimes we need some help transitioning into a concluding statement, which is why these terms can come in handy:

Now that you’ve learned some Spanish transition words, it’s time to test your knowledge! Choose the best option to complete each sentence in the quiz below. To retake the quiz, just refresh the page. 

These small but powerful words help us to convey exact meaning we want and sound more fluent, so be sure to practice them!

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The best way to learn how to use these Spanish transition words properly is by seeing and hearing them used in context.

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FluentU has a wide variety of videos, as you can see here:

FluentU brings native videos within reach with interactive transcripts. You can tap on any word to look it up instantly. Every definition has examples that have been written to help you understand how the word is used. If you see an interesting word you don’t know, you can add it to a vocab list.

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1,000 Most Common Spanish Words for Beginners

Put on your learning cap, grab a cup of coffee, and get comfy because we’re about to cover the 1,000 most common Spanish words for beginners! There are nearly a million words in the Spanish language, but luckily you don’t need to memorize them all to speak Spanish.

We’ve picked out the 1,000 most common Spanish words and created this categorized vocabulary guide so that you can effectively communicate in Spanish—even as a beginner!

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The Essentials

For any Spanish beginner, it’s always important to know the essentials. These are must-know words and phrases if you’ve just started learning. Take a look at these first words in our guide of the 1,000 most common Spanish words. 

• no — no 
• ¿entiende(s)? — do you understand?
• no entiendo — i don’t understand
• no (lo) sé — i don’t know
• no tengo ni idea — i have no idea
• no hablo español — i don’t speak spanish
• estoy perdido(a) — i’m lost

Introduce Yourself

Introducing yourself is always one of the best ways to start speaking Spanish! That’s why we included these essential conversation starters into our list of the 1,000 most common Spanish words. 

• me llamo — my name is
• mi nombre es — my name is 
• soy…  — i’m…
• ¿cómo te llamas? — what is your name?
• (yo) soy de… — i am from…

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• ¿cómo está usted? — how are you? (formal)
• ¿cómo estás? — how are you? (informal)
• ¿qué tal? — how are you? (informal) / what’s up?
• ¿cómo te va? — how ‘s it going?
• ¿qué haces? — what are you doing?
• ¿qué pasa? — what ‘s happening?

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These common Spanish words and versatile replies make for an easy response to dozens of questions!

• ¿y tú? — and you?
• muy bien — very well
• así, así — so, so
• como siempre — as always

Etiquette Words

• ¡de nada! — you’re welcome! / no problem!
• por favor — please
• ¡perdon! — excuse me!
• ¡disculpe! — excuse me!
• ¡lo siento! — sorry! 
• gracias   — thank you
• salud — bless you

Question Words

• ¿qué…? — what?
• ¿quién…? — who?
• ¿cuándo…? — when?
• ¿dónde…? — where?
• ¿por qué…? — why?
• ¿cuál? — which?
• ¿cómo…? — how?

Spanish Pronouns

• tú (informal) — you
• usted (formal) — you
• nosotros/nosotras — we
• ustedes — you all
• ellos — they
• ellas(females) — they 
• hola — hello
• buenos días — good morning
• buenas tardes — good afternoon
• buenas noches — good evening / good night

Talking About Age

• (yo) tengo … años — i am … years old.
• old — viejo/a
• young — joven
• middle-aged — de mediana edad
• youthful — juvenil
• nuevo/a – new  
• ¡feliz cumpleaños! — happy birthday!
• ¡felicitaciones! — congratulations!
• ¡diviértete! — have fun!
• ¡buen provecho! — bon appetit!
• ¡bienvenidos! / ¡bienvenidas! — welcome!
• salud! — cheers!

Say Good-Bye

• adiós — goodbye
• chao — goodbye
• hasta luego — see you later (most likely today)
• hasta mañana — see you tomorrow
• nos vemos — see you (informal)
• ¡cuídate mucho! — take care!
• ¡tenga un buen día! — have a nice day!
• ¡hasta luego! — see you soon!
• ¡buen viaje! — have a good trip!

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No list of the 1,000 most common Spanish words would be complete without time words. 

Days of the Week

• Domingo — Sunday
• Lunes — Monday
• Martes — Tuesday
• Miércoles — Wednesday
• Jueves — Thursday
• Viernes — Friday
• Sabado — Saturday

Months of the Year

• Enero — January
• Febrero — February
• Marzo — March
• Abril — April
• Junio — June
• Julio — July
• Agosto — August
• Septiembre — September
• Octubre — October
• Noviembre — November
• Diciembre — December

Other Time Words

• anteayer — day before yesterday
• ayer — yesterday
• el año — year
• el día — day
• el mes — month
• el siglo — century
• la hora — hour
• hoy — today
• la semana — week
• madrugada — dawn, very early in the morning
• mañana — tomorrow
• mañana — morning
• medianoche — midnight
• mediodia — noon
• el minuto — minute
• la noche — night
• el pasado mañana — day after tomorrow
• los segundos — seconds
• la tarde — afternoon

Family Words

This Spanish vocab helps you talk about your relatives.

Nuclear Family

• el padre — father
• el papá —  dad
• la madre  — mother
• la mamá — mom
• el hermano —  brother
• la hermana — sister
• el hijo  — son
• la hija  — daughter
• la familia cercana —  close family

Extended Family

• el abuelo  — grandfather
• la abuela  — grandmother
• el bisabuelo — great-grandfather
• la bisabuela — great-grandmother
• la nieta — granddaughter
• el nieto — grandson
• el tío — uncle
• la tía — aunt
• el tío abuelo — great-uncle
• la tía abuela — great-aunt
• el primo — cousin (male)
• la prima — cousin (female)
• mis parientes — my relatives

Family Verbs

• abrazar — to hug
• amar — to love
• reír — to laugh
• perdonar — to forgive

Action Verbs

• empezar —  to start
• seguir — to follow
• abrir —  to open
• buscar — to search
• cantar — to sing
• cerrar — to close
• destruir — to destroy
• dormir — to sleep
• encontrar — to find
• esconder — to hide
• esperar — to wait
• faltar — to miss
• hacer — to do  
• intentar — to try
• llamar — to call
• llevar — to take
• llorar — to cry
• luchar — to fight
• mentir — to lie
• odiar — to hate
• recibir — to receive
• reconocer — to recognize
• robar — to steal
• salvar — to save
• sonreír — to smile
• soñar — to dream
• tomar — to take
• Vivir — to live

The Five Senses

Spice up your Spanish with these common words for your senses. 

• tranquilo/a – quiet
• ruidoso/a – loud
• gritar — to shout
• escuchar — to hear
• silencio — silence
• alto — loud
• bajo — soft
• ensordecedor — deafening
• agudo — sharp, high-pitched
• grave — low-pitched
• melodioso — melodious
• armónico — harmonic
• zumbido — buzz
• sordo — deaf
• duro de oíd — hard of hearing
• oído fino — acute hearing
• problemas de audición — hearing-impaired
• fuera de alcance —   out of earshot
• ver — to see
• mirar — to look
• de colores— colorful
• blanco y negro — black and white
• brillante — bright
• apagado — dim
• claro — light
• oscuro — dark
• ciego — blind
• mirar fijamente — to stare
• echar un vistazo — to glance
• bizquear — to squint
• guiñar — to wink
• parpadear — to blink
• tocar — to touch
• agarrar — to grab
• suave — soft
• áspero(a) — rough
• liso(a) — smooth
• rugoso(a) — wrinkled
• pegajoso(a) — sticky
• punzante — sharp
• sedoso(a) — silky
• esponjoso(a) — spongy
• mullido(a) — fluffy
• hormigueo — tingle
• entumecido(a) — numb
• rozar — to touch gently
• acariciar — to caress
• olor — smell
• el perfume — scent
• la fragancia — fragrance
• el hedor — stench
• apestoso(a) — smelly
• fresco(a)   — fresh
• acre — pungent
• húmedo(a) — musty
• podrido(a) — rotten
• ahumado(a) — smoky
• apestar — to stink
• gusto —- taste
• sabor — flavor
• probar — try
• sabroso  — está sabrosa
• delicioso —   delicious  
• perfecto  —   perfect
• apetitoso  — appetizing
• dulce  — sweet
• dulzón —   sugary 
• soso  — bland

Describing Words

• abierto/a – open 
• ancho/a – wide
• estrecho/a – narrow
• lejano/a – far
• cercano/a – close

Personality and Emotions

• alegre – joyful
• gracioso/a – funny, amusing
• serio/a – serious
• tímido/a – shy
• valiente – brave
• loco/a – crazy
• contento(a) — content
• feliz — happy
• preocupado(a) — worried
• nervioso(a) — nervous
• tranquilo(a) — tranquil
• calmado(a) — calm
• emocionado(a) — excited

Physical Adjectives

• largo/a — long
• corto/a — short
• liso/a — straight
• rizado/a — curly
• ondulado/a — wavy
• castaño/a — brown
• rubio/a — blonde
• pelirrojo/a — red
• negro/a — black
• canoso/a — grey
• abundante — thick
• fino/a — thin
• escalado/a — layered
• teñido/a — dyed
•  saludable — healthy
• claro/a — light
• encrespado/a — frizzy
• brillante — shiny
• calvo/a — bald
• grande – big
• pequeño/a – small  
• enorme – huge 
• delgado/a — lean
• esbelto/a — slender
• flaco/a — skinny
• menudo/a — petite
• alto/a — tall
• bajo/a — short
• hermoso/a — beautiful 
• guapo/a — handsome 
• feo/a — ugly  
• adorable — cute  
• bonita — pretty  
• impresionante — stunning
• poco atractivo/a — plain  
• promedio/a — average  
• atractivo/a — attractive  
• negro —  black
• marrón / café —   brown
• gris — grey
• blanco — white
• amarillo —  yellow
• anaranjado — orange
• rosado —  pink
• morado / púrpura — purple
• azul —  blue
• verde — green

Arts and Crafts

• colorear — to color
• construir — to construct
• cortar — to cut
• coser — to sew
• dibujar — to draw
• pintar — to paint
• cero — zero
• tres — three
• cuatro — four
• cinco —  five
• siete — seven
• ocho —  eight
• nueve — nine

This animal vocab will help you talk about animals both on land and in the ocean!

Farm Animals

• el gato — cat
• el perro — dog
• el conejo — rabbit
• el pollo — chicken
• la gallina — hen
• el gallo —  rooster
• la vaca —  cow
• el toro —  bull
• la oveja —  sheep
• el caballo — horse
• el cerdo — pig
• la cabra —  goat
• el burro —  donkey
• el ratón —  mouse

Forest Animals

• el ciervo —  deer
• el mapache —  raccoon
• la ardilla -— squirrel
• el búho —  owl
• el zorro —  fox
• el lobo —  wolf
• el oso —  bear

Ocean Animals

• el cangrejo — crab
• la medusa — jellyfish
• el delfín —  dolphin
• la ballena —  whale
• el tiburón —  shark
• la foca —  seal
• el lobo marino —  sea lion
• la morsa —  walrus
• el pingüino — penguin
• el viaje — trip
• el equipaje  — bags
• la salida — exit
• la llegada — arrival
• los documentos de identidad — id papers
• el billete de avión — boarding pass
• el hotel — hotel
• el permiso de conducir — driver’s license
• echar gasolina — to get gas
• viajar — to travel
• volver — to return
• salir — to leave
• parar — to stop
• partir — to depart
• porter(a) — doorman
• hostia — hostess
• botones — bellhop
• anfitriona— airline hostess

Transportation

• el avión —  airplane
• el coche —  car
• la bicicleta — bicycle
• la motocicleta — motorcycle
• el tren —  train
• el metro/subte —  subway
• el autobús — bus
• el barco — ship
• taxista — taxi driver
• revisor(a) — train conductor
• dependiente de gas — gas station attendant
• conductor(a) — driver, chauffeur 
• camionero(a) — truck driver
• el sol —  the sun
• las nubes —  the clouds
• la niebla — the fog
• la neblina — the mist
• la lluvia —  the rain
• la llovizna — the drizzle
• la tormenta —  the storm
• el tornado —  the tornado
• el trueno — the thunder
• el relámpago — the lightning strike
• el rayo — the lightning bolt
• el viento — the wind
• la brisa — the breeze
• el granizo — the hail
• el hielo — the ice
• la nieve —  the snow
• el calor —  the heat
• el frío —  the cold
• la humedad — the humidity
• la temperatura — the temperature
• el pronóstico — the forecast

Weather Verbs

• llover  —  to rain
• lloviznar  —  to drizzle
• diluviar  — to pour down
• granizar  — to hail
• nevar  —  to snow
• el invierno  —  winter
• la primavera  —  spring
• el verano —  summer
• el otoño  —  fall
• carta de motivación  — cover letter
• el cv  — resume
• la firma  — firm
• el negocio  — business
• la compañía  — company
• el jefe  — boss
• el empleado  — employee
• trabajar  — to work
• negociar — to negotiate
• consultor(a) —  consultant
• dueño(a) — owner
• abogado(a) — lawyer
• arquitecto(a) — architect
• bombero(a) — fireman
• campesino(a) — farm worker
• carpintero(a) — carpenter
• cartero(a) — postal worker
• casero(a) — landlord
• científico(a) — scientist
• cocinero(a) — cook, chef
• consejero (a) — counselor  
• constructor (a) — construction worker
• contador(a) — accountant/bookkeeper 
• doméstico(a) —  maid
• detective — detective
• director, revisor, redactor(a) — editor
• electricista — electrician
• escritor / autor(a) — writer / author
• vaquero, tropero(a) — cowboy
• manejador(a) — manager
• granjero(a) — farmer
• ingeniero(a) — engineer
• jardinero(a) — gardener
• jefe — boss
• juez — judge
• lavandero(a) — laundry person
• marinero(a) —  merchant marine
• mecánico (a) — mechanic
• camarero(a) — waiter
• padre — priest
• panadero(a) — baker
• pastor(a) — pastor/minister
• periodista — reporter / journalist
• pescador(a) — fisherman
• pintor(a) — painter
• plomero(a) — plumber
• Policía — policeman
• programador(a) — computer programmer 
• químico(a) — chemist
• ranchero(a) — rancher
• rebuscador(a) — researcher
• reparador(a) — repairman
• técnico(a) de laboratorio — lab technician
• trabajador(a) de fábrica — factory worker
• veterinario(a) — veterinarian
• ir al gimnasio — go to the gym
• ir de caminata — go hiking
• levantar pesas — lift weight
• mantenerse en forma — to stay in shape
• practicar — to practice
• nadar — to swim
• el yoga — yoga
• el fútbol — soccer
• el fútbol americano — football
• el béisbol — baseball
• el baloncesto — basketball
• el golf — golf
• el hockey — hockey
• el tenis — tennis
• el voleibol — volleyball
• luchar — to wrestle/to fight
• correr — to run
• esquiar — to ski
• el partido — game/match
• la carrera — race
• el torneo — tournament

Sports Verbs

• patear — to kick
• saltar — to jump
• parar — to stop/to block
• balancear — to swing
• servir — to serve
• rematar — to spike
• pegar — to hit
• driblar — to dribble
• tirar — to throw
• agarrar — to catch
• ganar — to win
• perder — to lose
• empatar — to tie
• caminar — to walk
• bailar — to dance
• jugar — to play
• competir — to compete

Time to Eat!

These common Spanish words for food will leave you hungry for more Spanish!

Food and Drink

• la comida — food 
• las bebidas — drinks
• las verduras — vegetables
• las frutas — fruits
• cocinar — to cook
• tengo hambre — i’m hungry
• tengo sed — i’m thirsty
• la res —   beef
• la gallina — chicken 
• el cordero —   lamb
• la barbacoa —   grilled
• el cerdo — pork
• el perrito caliente — hot dog
• el jamón — ham
• la hamburguesa — hamburger
• el tocino —   bacon
• el pescado — fish
• la zanahoria —   carrot
• la lechuga —   lettuce
• el tomate — tomato
• la maíz — corn
• la papa — potato
• la patata  — potato
• las papas —   french fries
• las patatas fritas —   french fries
• el brocoli —   broccoli
• la espinaca —   spinach
• la cebolla —   onion
• la col —   cabbage
• la ensalada — salad
• la aceituna —   olive
• las calabacitas —   squash
• el hongo —   mushroom
• el pepino —   cucumber
• la manzana —   apple
• la pera —   pear
• la fresa —   strawberry
• la frambuesa —   raspberry
• la zarzamora — blackberry
• el arándano —   blueberry
• el arándano rojo — cranberry
• la naranja —   orange
• la mandarina —   tangerine
• la toronja —   grapefruit
• el limón —   lemon
• la lima —   lime
• el plátano —   banana
• la piña —   pineapple
• el coco —   coconut
• el mango —   mango
•  la papaya — papaya
• la cerveza —  beer
• el refresco —  pop, soft drink
• el té —   tea
• el té helado —   iced tea
• el café —   coffee
• la leche —   milk
• el agua —   water
• el jugo — juice
• el batido —  milkshake
• el chocolate —   chocolate
• los dulces —   candy
• el pastel —   cake
• las galletas —   cookies
• el helado —   ice cream
• el churros con chocolate —   chocolate churros
• el basque cheesecake —   cheesecake
• el plato —   plate
• el plato hondo —   bowl
• el vaso —   glass
• la copa —  cup
• el tenedor —   fork
• la cuchara —   spoon
• el cuchillo —   knife
• la servilleta —   napkin
• dulce — sweet
• salado(a) — savory
• rico(a) — delicious
• el desayuno — breakfast
• el almuerzo — lunch
• la cena — dinner
• el tentempié — snack
• la prenda, la ropa — clothes
• los zapatos — shoes
• el pantalón — pants
• la camiseta / la camisa — shirt
• la chaqueta — jacket
• la falda — skirt
• el suéter — sweater
• el vestido — dress

Holidays and Parties

• la navidad — christmas
• el año nuevo— new year
• la pascua —  easter
• el día de san valentín — valentine’s day
• el día de la madre — mother’s day
• el día del padre — father’s day
• el día de la independencia — independence day
• el día de acción de gracias — thanksgiving
• el cumpleaños — birthday
• la fiesta — the party
• la boda — the wedding

Parts of the Body

• el cuerpo humano — the human body
• la cabeza — head
• el pecho — chest
• el oído / la oreja — ear
• el ojo — eye
• la cara — face
• la mano — hand
• la boca — mouth
• el pie —  foot
• la espalda —  back
• el pelo  —  hair
• el codo — elbow
• el dedo — finger
• la pantorrilla — calf
• la pierna — leg
• la muñeca — wrist
• el talón — heel
• el brazo — arm
• el cuello — neck
• el tobillo — ankle
• la frente — forehead
• el muslo — thigh
• la barba — beard
• el bigote — mustache
• la lengua — tongue
• el dedo del pie — toe
• la cintura — waist
• la cadera — hip
• las nalgas — buttocks
• el pulgar — thumb
• la rodilla — knee
• la nariz — nose
• la mejilla, el cachete — cheek
• los labios — lips
• el hombro — shoulder
• la barbilla, el mentón — chin
• las cejas — eyebrows
• las pestañas — eyelashes
• el ombligo  — belly button
• la piel  — skin
• el vientre — stomach
• la garganta — throat
• los dientes/las muelas — teeth

Transition Words

Connect your Spanish ideas with these transition words and your sentences will begin to flow with ease!

Time and Place

• al principio — at the beginning
• en primer lugar — firstly
• para comenzar — to start
• antes — before
• después — after
• a continuación  — in continuation
• mientras tanto — meanwhile
• al final — at the end

Add an Idea

• además — additionally
• aparte de — apart from
• asimismo — at the same time
• también — also
• de igual manera  — in the same way

Compare contrast

• pero  — but
• sin embargo  — however
• no obstante  — nevertheless
• por otro lado  — on the other hand
• aunque  — even though
• a pesar de  — despite

Location Words

Wherever you are, you’ll want to be able to talk about your location in Spanish. 

Prepositions

• dentro de — inside of
• encima de/sobre — on top of
• debajo de — underneath of
• delante de — in front of
• detrás de — behind
• entre — between
• en — in/on/at
• fuera de — outside of
• arriba de — above
• en medio de — in the middle of
• cerca de — close to
• lejos de — far from
• al lado de — next to
• alrededor de — around
• a la izquierda de — to the left of
• a la derecha de — to the right of

Location Verbs

• estar — to be
• colocar — to place
• ubicar — to position
• poner — to put
• situar — to place

Here and There

• aquí, acá — here
• ahí — there
• allí — there
• allá — over there
• el este — east
• el norte — north
• el oeste — west
• el sur — south

Classroom Objects

Check out this classroom vocabulary for some of the 1,000 most common Spanish words.

• la clase — classroom
• el aula — classroom
• la pizarra — blackboard
• el pizarrón — whiteboard
• la tiza — chalk
• el marcador — marker
• el borrador — eraser 
• el escritorio — desk
• el pupitre — desk
• la silla — chair
• la mochila —   backpack
• el libro — book
• el cuaderno — notebook
• el papel — paper
• el lápiz — pencil
• los lápices de colores — coloring pencils
• el sacapuntas — pencil sharpener
• el bolígrafo — pen
• la goma — eraser 
• las tijeras — scissors
• la cola/el pegamento — glue
• la regla — ruler
• la grapadora — stapler
• el estuche — pencil case

Classroom Activities

• estudiar — to study
• repasar — to revise
• aprender —   to learn
• saber — to know
• hacer los deberes — to do homework
• hacer la tarea  — to do homework
• leer — to read
• escribir — to write
• hablar — to speak
• decir — to say
• preguntar — to ask
• charlar — to chat
• dictar — to dictate
• deletrear —   to spell
• contar — to count
• faltar — to miss school
• aprobar —   to pass a subject/a test
• reprobar— to fail a subject/a test
• prestar —   to lend
• tomar prestado — to borrow
• traer — to bring
• enseñar — to teach
• mostrar — to show
• nombrar — to name
• ayudar — to help

Places in a School

• la escuela — school
• el colegio — school
• el gimnasio — gym
• el patio — playground
• el baño — restroom
• el pasillo — hallway
• la biblioteca — library
• la oficina   —  office
• la sala de profesores — staff room
• el comedor — cafeteria
• la cocina — kitchen
• la enfermería — infirmary
• el laboratorio — lab

People in a School

• maestro/a — teacher (primary school)
• profesor/a — teacher (secondary school)
• entrenador/a — coach
• enfermero/a — nurse
• director/a —  principal
• alumno/a — student
• estudiante —  student

More School Words

• el almuerzo —  lunch
• el recreo —  recess
• las vacaciones —  vacations
• la comida —  food
• el casillero —  locker
• la materia —  subject
• la matemática —  math
• la biología —  biology
• la química —  chemistry
• la física —  physics
• la educación física —  physical education
• la historia —  history
• la literatura —  literature
• la prueba — test
• el examen —  exam
• la nota — grade
• la calificación — grade
• un ordenador (Spain)  — a computer
• una computadora (Latin America) —  a computer
• una tableta  —  a tablet
• una impresora  —   a printer
•  el ratón  —   the mouse
• apagar  —   to turn on
• encender  —   to turn off
• el disco duro    —  the hard drive
• el teclado    —  the keyboard
• la tecla  —   the key
• los auriculares    —  headphones
• el micrófono  —   the mic
•  la pantalla  —   the screen
•  la cámara  —   the camera
• los altavoces  —  the speakers
• una aplicación  —   an app
•  base de datos  —   database
• las redes sociales  —   social networks
• el enlace   —  the link
• subir  —   to upload
• guardar  —   to save
• borrar  —   to delete
• hacer click  —   to click
• bajar/descargar    —  to download
• buscar en Google    —  search on Google
• pirata informático —   hacker
• contraseña   —  password

Home Sweet Home!

Household vocabulary is an important part of the 1,000 most common Spanish words so that you can talk about the place where you spend most of your time.

• la casa — house, home
• el hogar — home
• la habitación  — bedroom
• el cuarto  — bedroom
• el dormitorio  — bedroom
• la sala  — living room 
• el comedor  — dining room
• la cocina  — kitchen
• el baño  — bathroom
• el pasillo  — hallway 
• el jardín  — yard, garden
• el garaje  — garage
• cómodo/a  — comfortable   
• acogedor  — cozy
• desordenado/a  — messy
• limpio/a  — clean 

Bathroom 

• la pasta de dientes — toothpaste
• el cepillo de dientes — toothbrush
• el jabón — soap
• el secador de pelo — hair dryer
• el champú — shampoo
• el cepillo — brush
• el papel higiénico — toilet paper
• la toalla — towel
• el agua jabonosa — soapy water
• la bolsa de basura — trash bag
• el cubo de basura — trash can
• el cesto de la ropa sucia — laundry basket
• la navaja de afeitar — razor
• la maquinilla de afeitar eléctrica — electric razor
• la crema de afeitar — shaving cream
• el enjuague bucal — mouthwash
• el cepillo de pelo — hair brush
• el peine — comb
• el limpiador facial — facial cleanser
• la balanza — scale
• el pañuelo de papel — tissue
• los juguetes de baño — bath toys
• la alfombra de baño — bath mat
• la ducha — shower
• la bañera — bathtub
• el fregadero — sink
• el inodoro — toilet
• el grifo — faucet
• el espejo — mirror
• peinar — to comb

Kitchen Verbs

• cocinar —  to cook
• comer — to eat
• adobar —  to marinate
• sazonar —  to season
• lavar — to wash
• cortar —  to cut
• pelar —  to peel
• picar —  to chop
• moler —  to grind
• incorporar — to add
• mezclar — to mix
• catir —   to whisk
• licuar —  to blend
• combinar —  to combine
• freír — to fry
• hervir —  to boil  
• colar — to strain
• cocer — to cook
• hornear — to bake 
• asar —  to grill / roast
• saltear — to saute
• preparar — to prepare
• descongelar — to defrost
• quemar —  to burn
• tostar —  to toast
• derretir — to melt
• rodajear —  to slice
• calentar —  to warm up / heat
• rellenar —  to fill / stuff
• lavar —  to wash
• limpiar —  to clean
• desayunar — to have breakfast
• cenar — to have dinner

Bedroom 

• la puerta —  the door
• el armario — the wardrobe
• la estantería — t he shelf
• la ventana — t he window
• las cortinas —  the curtains
• el escritorio —  the desk
• el ordenador —  the computer
• la cama — the bed
• el cojín — the pillow
• el edredón — the quilt
• las sábanas — the bedding
• la almohada — the pillowcase
• la lámpara — the lamp
• la mesilla de noche — the night table or nightstand
• el espejo — the mirror
• el cuadro — the painting

Living Room

• la puerta — the door
• el armario —  the wardrobe
• la estantería —   the shelf
• la ventana —  the window
• las cortinas — the curtains
• la mesa —  the table
• la silla — the chair
• el sillón — armchair
• la alfombra — the carpet or rug
• la planta — the plant
• las flores — the flowers
• la chimenea — the chimney
• el suelo — the ground
• el techo — the ceiling
• dependiente/a — shop assistant
• caja — checkout
• rebajas — sales
• ocasión — bargain
• recibo — receipt
• probadores — dressing room
• tamaño — size
• tienda de ropa — clothing store
• zapatería — shoe store
• librería — bookstore
• almacén — department store
• supermercado — supermarket
• joyería — jeweler
• juguetería —  toy store
• almacenero(a) — grocer
• comerciante (a) — merchant
• tendero(a) — shopkeeper
• dependiente — clerk
• cajero(a) — cashier

Talk About Your Health in Spanish

If you ever get sick abroad or have an emergency in a Spanish-speaking country, these health words will come in handy! Health vocabulary is an essential part of the 1,000 most common Spanish words.

Healthcare Professionals

• los cuidados de la salud — healthcare
• el dentista — dentist
• el doctor/a — doctor
• el enfermero/a — nurse
• el médico general — general practitioner
• el médico de cabecera — general practitioner
• el médico especialista — specialist
• el/la nutricionista — nutritionist
• el/la paciente — patient
• el/la paramédico — paramedic
• quiropráctico(a) — chiropractor 
• el/la pediatra — pediatrician 
• el psicólogo/a — psychologist
• los primeros auxilios — first aid
• la salud — health

Healthcare Services

• la ambulancia — ambulance
• la aseguradora — insurance carrier
• el centro de salud — clinic
• la clínica — clinic
• la farmacia — drug store
• droguería — drug store
• el hospital — hospital
• el pabellón — ward
• la sala de espera — waiting room
• la sala de operaciones — operating room
• el sanatorio — sanatorium

Illnesses and Injuries

• la alergía — allergy
• la  asfixia — suffocation
• el asma — asthma
• el ataque al corazón/paro cardiaco — heart attack
• el calambre — muscle cramp
• el cancer — cancer
• el chinchón— head bump
• el corte — cut
• la deshidratación — dehydration
• la diabetes — diabetes 
• la diarrea — diarrhea
• el dolor — ache/pain
• el dolor de cabeza — headache
• el dolor de garganta — sore throat 
• el dolor de estómago — stomach ache
• el dolor de diente — toothache
• la enfermedad — disease
• la enfermedad cardiaca — heart disease 
• la enfermedad infecciosa — infectious disease
• los escalofríos— shaking chills
• la fractura — fracture
• la fiebre — fever
• la gripe — flu
• la herida — wound
• la hipotermia — hypothermia
• la infección — infection
• el malestar — discomfort
• el morete/moretón — bruise
• la náusea — nausea
• el raspón — graze
• el resfriado — cold
• el sangrado — bleeding
• la tos — cough
• el virus — virus
• el vomito — vomit

Start Today!

You now have the 1,000 most common Spanish words in your language toolbox! Start practicing these new words with a professional teacher today. Sign up for a free trial class and find out for yourself just how easy it is to learn Spanish. Our friendly, native-speaking teachers are experienced at working with beginners and will have you speaking Spanish in no time! 

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135 Basic Spanish Words for Beginners: Essential Vocabulary

Knowing basic Spanish words can help you build a solid foundation to understand and communicate in different scenarios since daily conversations rely on essential vocabulary. In fact, many of these fundamental terms can be used in multiple contexts. 

Since vocabulary is the backbone of communication, in this article, you’ll find a curated list of basic words in Spanish that all learners should know. To make things easier, I’ve classified these terms into: 

• Starting Point: Essential Words
• Basic Spanish Pronouns 
• Common Words for Relationships
• Basic Spanish Words for Places & Things
• Spanish Basic Descriptive Words  
• Spanish Question Words
• Spanish Must-Know Verbs 
• Download PDF

I’ve included examples for you to use how to use this Spanish vocabulary.

Most Essential Words in Spanish

Expressions of politeness and Spanish greetings are some basic words you’ll need in most situations. Here are some of the terms you should focus on: 

• Adiós : Goodbye
• Buenos días : Good morning
• Buenas noches : Good night
• Buenas tardes : Good afternoon
• De nada : You’re welcome
• Disculpe : Excuse me
• Gracias : Thank you
• Perdón : Sorry / Excuse me
• Por favor : Please
• Salud : Bless you / Cheers 

Basic Pronouns in Spanish

Spanish pronouns are essential words we use to refer to people or things. As a beginner , you should learn subject pronouns first: 

• Tú : You ( informal )
• Ellos / Ellas : They
• Nosotros : We
• Usted : You (formal)
• Ustedes : You (plural)
• Vosotros : You (plural Spain)

These common Spanish words can be combined with verbs to express the action a person is doing or with adjectives to describe them. Here are some simple phrases:

Yo soy Daniela.  I am Daniela. 

Ella es maestra.  She is a teacher. 

Ustedes parecen muy amables.  You guys seem very nice.

On top of subject pronouns, you should also know these basic Spanish pronouns: 

• Me : Myself / Me
• Te : Yourself / You
• Se : Herself / Himself / Yourself
• Lo / La : It / Him / Her
• Le : Him / Her / You (formal)
• Nos : Us / Ourselves 
• Os : You (Spain)
• Los / Las : Them 
• Les : You / Them 

Tina se despierta muy tarde.  Tina wakes up very late. 

Te llamé pero no me contestaste.  I called you but you didn’t answer me . 

Check my guide to pronouns in Spanish to learn when and how to use each one of these words. 

Spanish Words for People & Relationships

• El amigo : Friend
• La chica : Girl
• El chico : Boy / Guy
• El compañero : Classmate / Coworker 
• El esposo / La esposa : Husband / Wife
• La familia : Family
• La gente : People
• El hermano / La hermana : Brother / Sister
• Los hermanos : Siblings
• El hijo / La hija : Son / Daughter 
• El hombre : Man 
• La mamá : Mom
• La mujer : Woman
• Los niños : Kids
• El novio / La novia : Boyfriend / Girlfriend 
• El papá : Dad
• La persona : Person
• El señor : Mr. / Sir / Man
• La señora : Mrs. / Madam / Woman
• La señorita : Miss
• El vecino : Neighbor 

From a grammar point of view, these words are considered nouns. Spanish nouns are often followed by adjectives to describe how someone is or verbs to express what someone does. 

No tengo vecinos .  I don’t have neighbors . 

¿Tienes hermanos ? Do you have siblings ?

Esa mujer es mi vecina .  That woman is my neighbor . 

Take Note : Nouns in Spanish have gender and plural forms . In other words, they change to express whether the person or thing we refer to is singular, plural, masculine, or feminine. 

Common Spanish Words for Places, Things & Time

• El agua : Water
• El banco : Bank
• El año : Year
• El árbol : Tree
• El calor : Heat
• La calle : Street
• La casa : House
• La ciudad : City
• El clima : Weather
• La comida : Food
• El día : Day
• La edad : Age
• La escuela : School
• La estación : Station
• El frío : Cold
• La habitación / el cuarto : Room
• La hora : Hour / Time
• El hospital : Hospital
• La mañana : Morning
• El mes : Month
• La mesa : Table
• La noche : Night
• La oficina : Office
• El país : Country
• El parque : Park
• La película : Movie
• El restaurante : Restaurant
• La ropa : Clothes
• La semana : Week
• La silla : Chair
• El sol : Sun
• La taza : Cup
• La tarde : Afternoon / Evening
• La tienda : Store
• El vaso : Glass / Cup

And here are some examples using this Spanish vocabulary:

La silla es roja.  The chair is red.

Quiero un vaso de agua .  I want a glass of water . 

Los niños están en su cuarto .  The kids are in their bedroom . 

Disculpe, ¿dónde está el baño ? Excuse me, where is the bathroom ?

Take Note : El and la are Spanish definite articles . They’re often used in vocabulary lists to express if a word is masculine (el) or feminine (la). Articles are not the only words that can be placed before nouns . 

Spanish Vocabulary to Describe People & Things

The Spanish words below are basic terms that can help you describe people and things ( adjectives ) or actions ( adverbs ). 

• Ahora : Now
• Amable : Kind / Nice
• Alto : Tall
• Allí : There
• Aquí : Here
• Ayer : Yesterday
• Bien : Well / Good
• Bonito : Pretty
• Bueno : Good
• Cerca : Near
• Difícil : Difficult
• Ese / Esa : That
• Este / Esta : This
• Fácil : Easy
• Grande : Big
• Hoy : Today
• Interesante : Interesting
• Mal : Bad / Badly
• Mucho : Much
• Lejos : Far
• Lento : Slow
• Pequeño : Small
• Poco : Little
• Rápido : Fast
• Siempre : Always
• Tarde : Late
• Viejo : Old

Check these sentences:

Hoy hace mucho calor.  Today is very hot.

Tu hermano es muy amable .  Your brother is very nice . 

Ellas siempre hablan rápido .  They always speak fast . 

No tengo mucho tiempo.  I don’t have much time. 

La tienda está lejos de aquí .  The store is far from here . 

Take Note : In Spanish, adjectives are subject to adjective agreement , meaning that they must change to agree with the gender and number of the words they describe. Spanish adverbs , on the other hand, don’t have these types of changes. 

Basic Question Words in Spanish

These are the basic Spanish interrogative words you can use to ask information questions: 

• ¿Cómo? – How?
• ¿Cuándo? – When?
• ¿Dónde? – Where? 
• ¿Qué? / ¿Cuál? – What? / Which?
• ¿Quién? – Who?
• ¿Por qué? – Why?
• ¿Cuánto? – How much?

¿ Qué es eso? What is that?

¿ Cómo te llamas? What’s your name?

¿ Quién es ella? Who is she?

¿ Dónde está la estación de tren? Where is the train station?

Keep in mind that question words in Spanish have particular uses that may not align with their English equivalents. So, make sure you understand how and when to use each term. 

Spanish Basic Verbs 

These are some of the most common verbs in Spanish you need to know: 

• Hacer : Do / Make
• Hablar : Talk / Speak
• Hay (haber) : There is / There are
• Gustar : Like
• Llamarse : Be named / Be called
• Poder : Can 
• Querer : Want
• Saber : Know
• Tener : Have
• Vivir : Live

Check these simple sentences using these verbs:

Él se llama Sebastián.  His name is Sebastian. 

Esas señoras viven en Madrid. Those women live in Madrid. 

Tú tienes un perro y un gato.  You have a dog and a cat. 

Me gustan mucho las películas.  I like movies very much. 

Nosotros vamos a ir al doctor.  We’re going to the doctor. 

Your Next Steps to Level Up From Basic Words in Spanish

Now that you’ve learned the most common, basic words in Spanish, you should also check some basic questions and simple phrases that can help you kickstart your conversations. 

When you’re ready, you should also check how to conjugate verbs in Spanish and a more thorough list of common verbs you must know. This list was meant to provide you with the most important terms. As a result, you may want to expand your Spanish vocabulary by learning the following set of words: 

• Common body parts in Spanish
• Words for animals
• Most Common Spanish Adjectives
• Vocabulary for Food in Spanish
• Spanish House Vocabulary

Download the Basic Spanish Words PDF

Congratulations, you’ve now learned the top most common Spanish words beginners should know. The trick to recalling these words when you need them is through practice and repetition. That’s why I’ve created a PDF for this guide which you can download for free. It contains all 135 basic words with their translations which you can use as cheat sheets when you need them!

Daniela Sanchez

¡Hola! Soy Daniela Sanchez, I've been studying Spanish professionally as well as teaching it in Mexico and online for over 10 years. I’ve taught Spanish to a wide array of foreigners from many backgrounds. Over the years, I've made it my mission to work hard on refining many challenging to understand grammar topics to make my students' learning experiences easier, faster and more enjoyable. Read More About Me

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Using Transition Words in Spanish

To sound natural when writing in Spanish, it is important to use conectores ( transition words ). Transition words link your ideas together, allowing them to flow smoothly from one sentence to the next.

There are many types of transition words you can use when you are writing in Spanish. Let’s take a closer look!

Sequence and Order

The following transition words help us arrange ideas, events, and reasons according to their order of importance or to the order in which they happened chronologically .

Let’s put some of these into context!

Cause and Effect

Use these transition words to make a connection between cause and effect .

Let’s take a look at some examples!

Addition and Agreement

The following transition words add information , express agreement , and reinforce relationships and ideas that came before .

Check out these examples!

Examples, Emphasis, and Clarification

The following transitions are used to introduce examples as support , emphasize a particular fact , or explain a point .

Use these transition words to connect two things by focusing on their differences .

Here are some examples!

Summarizing and Concluding

These transition words can be used to conclude an argument or to summarize ideas .

Want more tips on writing in Spanish? Check out these articles!

• Spanish Punctuation
• Advanced Spanish Punctuation
• Spanish Words to Use in an Essay
• How to Write a Letter in Spanish
• Ace the AP Spanish Exam

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• 285+ Common Spanish Nouns and How to Use Them (With Examples!)

Spanish nouns, which are Spanish words that identify a person, place, thing, or idea, are indispensable building blocks of communication. Sentences in Spanish might contain several nouns, allowing you to name what you’re referring to. That’s why the Spanish word for “noun” is el nombre (name), but you may also hear it called sustantivo/substantivo. 

In this guide, we’ll share several Spanish nouns lists, explain how to know if nouns are feminine or masculine, and give you some tips for using them in sentences. Ready to learn even more? Rosetta Stone can teach you how to learn Spanish no matter what level you’re already at, with bite-sized lessons and an immersive learning environment!

Table of Contents

Identifying spanish nouns.

Within the general category of naming words, Spanish nouns also come in several types. Knowing the attributes of these different categories can help you put together sentences following Spanish grammar rules and understand the language at a deeper level. 

Feminine nouns in Spanish

The categories of feminine or masculine Spanish nouns seldom have much to do with gender. They are best thought of as arbitrary grammatical categories and a remnant of Latin, from which Spanish and other Romance languages have evolved. 

Still, since grammatical gender is often important for following Spanish gender rules , it’s critical to be able to identify feminine vs. masculine nouns in Spanish.

While there are exceptions, one of the easiest guidelines is that if a noun ends in “-a” it’s most likely a feminine noun. 

There are exceptions, though! As you learn Spanish, take note of when Spanish nouns don’t follow expected patterns. These, for example, end in “-o,” so it’d be easy to incorrectly categorize them as masculine, but they are decidedly feminine nouns in Spanish. 

When nouns don’t end in “-a” or “-o,” it’s important to simply memorize their grammatical gender. Nouns that end in “-e” can be either masculine or feminine. 

@profesoramacias This is an easy way to remember when a noun is masculine or feminine. Masculine nouns have el/los as their article and feminine nouns have la/las. #spanish #spanish1 #spanishtiktok #spanishteacher #gender #noun #noungender ♬ original sound – Brenna Macias

Masculine nouns in Spanish

Knowing if a noun is masculine or feminine in Spanish is important for following grammar rules, such as choosing the correct Spanish pronouns so you avoid repetition. 

Generally, if you encounter a Spanish noun that ends in “-o,” your safest assumption is that it’s a masculine Spanish noun. 

Most words ending in “-a” appear to be feminine nouns in Spanish, but many words ending in “-ma,” “-pa,” and “-ta” are the exception. Being of Greek origin, they remain in the masculine category, even though they end in “-a.” 

Words with the suffix “-ista” can also be masculine if they refer to a male. It’s best to think of these as exceptions and not the rule! 

When Spanish nouns end in something other than “-o” or “-a,” it’s important to learn their gender as you’re learning the word.

Spanish nouns that change meaning with gender

Most of the time, you’ll probably be understood even if you make a mistake in a noun’s gender. For example, if you order el pizza instead of la pizza (pizza), you’ll probably still be served without a second thought. However, a few nouns in Spanish actually change meaning depending on the gender. When in doubt, the Spanish Dictionary can help you determine the correct noun for your situation.

Spanish nouns that differ from English in number

Sometimes we use nouns in the singular in Spanish that are typically used in the plural in English, and vice versa. Here are a few examples to keep in mind. 

Typically plural in Spanish but singular in English

• los celos (jealousy) 
• los consejos (advice)
• los muebles (furniture) 
• las vacaciones (vacation) 

Typically singular in Spanish but plural in English

• la batería (the drums) 
• el contenido (the contents) 
• la escalera (the stairs) 
• la gente (people)
• la ropa (clothes) 
• la vajilla (dishes)

Spanish nouns lists for everyday words

When you start to master the basics of Spanish and put your own sentences together, you’ll need a lot of vocabulary for people, places, and things. Most of our everyday interactions will center around these common Spanish nouns. 

The more nouns you know in Spanish, the better you’ll be able to hold a conversation, make plans, get directions, and identify items in your immediate environment. There are plenty more categories to be sure, but these lists will help give you a foundation of common people, places, and things.

Common Spanish nouns: people

Spanish nouns for people typically come in two forms—one masculine and one feminine. There are exceptions, however, such as la persona (the person) and la gente (people), which are always masculine nouns in Spanish. 

Common Spanish nouns: places in the city

When you’re traveling or making plans, knowing Spanish nouns for common places and buildings can help you get directions and gain access to services. Some of the most common Spanish nouns for buildings and locations can help you build your itinerary.

Common Spanish nouns: house and home 

If you have the opportunity to visit a Spanish speaker at home, stay with a host, or even if you’re just browsing real estate listings, it’s important to be able to identify various home items in Spanish using the correct nouns. 

Common Spanish nouns: classroom and office objects

Specific nouns for everyday classroom and office objects may vary according to the regional dialect of Spanish , but the standard words are usually understood. 

Common Spanish nouns: nature

This list of common Spanish nouns will help you identify your outdoor surroundings. Explore the landscape and plan an excursion with the correct nouns for these nature nouns. 

Common Spanish nouns: money and payment

These common money-related nouns can help you with basic transactions in Spanish. 

Common Spanish nouns for learning Spanish

You’ll probably pay more attention to the specifics when you’re learning Spanish than in your first language. Breaking down the details of each language skill can improve your communication. Don’t be afraid to ask questions!

Master common Spanish nouns with Rosetta Stone

Vocabulary lists are helpful when you’re learning a language, especially when you’re learning lists of Spanish nouns to help you communicate. 

To truly solidify your ability to comprehend and use Spanish nouns, Rosetta Stone uses a natural method of introducing each noun in meaningful contexts, meaning you won’t need to rely solely on memorizing long lists to learn a new language. Find out how Rosetta Stone works to help you keep growing your exciting new vocabulary!

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Jamie Edwards

Jamie Edwards is a Spanish and French teacher and loves learning and writing about Italian. Her “places to explore” list never gets shorter because she always wants to return! Her sights are set on Scotland and Italy next.

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