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• How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples

How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples

Published on January 11, 2019 by Shona McCombes . Revised on August 15, 2023 by Eoghan Ryan.

A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . It usually comes near the end of your introduction .

Your thesis will look a bit different depending on the type of essay you’re writing. But the thesis statement should always clearly state the main idea you want to get across. Everything else in your essay should relate back to this idea.

You can write your thesis statement by following four simple steps:

• Start with a question
• Write your initial answer
• Develop your answer
• Refine your thesis statement

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Table of contents

What is a thesis statement, placement of the thesis statement, step 1: start with a question, step 2: write your initial answer, step 3: develop your answer, step 4: refine your thesis statement, types of thesis statements, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about thesis statements.

A thesis statement summarizes the central points of your essay. It is a signpost telling the reader what the essay will argue and why.

The best thesis statements are:

• Concise: A good thesis statement is short and sweet—don’t use more words than necessary. State your point clearly and directly in one or two sentences.
• Contentious: Your thesis shouldn’t be a simple statement of fact that everyone already knows. A good thesis statement is a claim that requires further evidence or analysis to back it up.
• Coherent: Everything mentioned in your thesis statement must be supported and explained in the rest of your paper.

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The thesis statement generally appears at the end of your essay introduction or research paper introduction .

The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on the world of education. The use of the internet in academic contexts and among young people more generally is hotly debated. For many who did not grow up with this technology, its effects seem alarming and potentially harmful. This concern, while understandable, is misguided. The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education: the internet facilitates easier access to information, exposure to different perspectives, and a flexible learning environment for both students and teachers.

You should come up with an initial thesis, sometimes called a working thesis , early in the writing process . As soon as you’ve decided on your essay topic , you need to work out what you want to say about it—a clear thesis will give your essay direction and structure.

You might already have a question in your assignment, but if not, try to come up with your own. What would you like to find out or decide about your topic?

For example, you might ask:

After some initial research, you can formulate a tentative answer to this question. At this stage it can be simple, and it should guide the research process and writing process .

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Now you need to consider why this is your answer and how you will convince your reader to agree with you. As you read more about your topic and begin writing, your answer should get more detailed.

In your essay about the internet and education, the thesis states your position and sketches out the key arguments you’ll use to support it.

The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education because it facilitates easier access to information.

In your essay about braille, the thesis statement summarizes the key historical development that you’ll explain.

The invention of braille in the 19th century transformed the lives of blind people, allowing them to participate more actively in public life.

A strong thesis statement should tell the reader:

• Why you hold this position
• What they’ll learn from your essay
• The key points of your argument or narrative

The final thesis statement doesn’t just state your position, but summarizes your overall argument or the entire topic you’re going to explain. To strengthen a weak thesis statement, it can help to consider the broader context of your topic.

These examples are more specific and show that you’ll explore your topic in depth.

Your thesis statement should match the goals of your essay, which vary depending on the type of essay you’re writing:

• In an argumentative essay , your thesis statement should take a strong position. Your aim in the essay is to convince your reader of this thesis based on evidence and logical reasoning.
• In an expository essay , you’ll aim to explain the facts of a topic or process. Your thesis statement doesn’t have to include a strong opinion in this case, but it should clearly state the central point you want to make, and mention the key elements you’ll explain.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

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A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . Everything else you write should relate to this key idea.

The thesis statement is essential in any academic essay or research paper for two main reasons:

• It gives your writing direction and focus.
• It gives the reader a concise summary of your main point.

Without a clear thesis statement, an essay can end up rambling and unfocused, leaving your reader unsure of exactly what you want to say.

Follow these four steps to come up with a thesis statement :

• Ask a question about your topic .
• Write your initial answer.
• Develop your answer by including reasons.
• Refine your answer, adding more detail and nuance.

The thesis statement should be placed at the end of your essay introduction .

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Thesis Statement Example – Importance Of A Good Thesis Statement

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Inhaltsverzeichnis

• 1 Definition
• 3 Writing a Thesis Statement
• 4 Examples for Research Papers
• 5 Thesis Statement Examples
• 6 In a Nutshell

A thesis statement is defined as a sentence or paragraph that expresses the key idea or central message of a research paper. A thesis statement is the foundation of an essay, research paper, or any other piece of academic writing. Thesis statement examples are samples that might help you to find your thesis statement. It comes after the background of information, at the end of the introduction of your research paper. Thesis statements should not be mistaken for research paper introductions. While an introduction is used as a gateway to your research paper to capture the reader’s attention, the thesis statement example is a highlight of the paper’s main idea.

Thesis statements are fundamental elements in academic writing, particularly research papers and essay writing. When writing a research paper, your argument reflects the article’s main idea or central message, which is referred to a thesis statement.

This article highlights everything that you should know about writing a thesis statement and gives you some thesis statement examples that might inspire you.

What is a thesis statement example?

A thesis statement refers to the sentence or set of sentences used in academic writing to offer a way to understand and interpret the thesis topic . It gives a summary of points regarding what will be addressed throughout the research paper or essay. The thesis statement example is a sample for you which can help and inspire you to find your thesis statement.

Can a thesis statement be a question?

The answer is no. A thesis statement cannot be a question. This is because a thesis statement points out a claim or idea that will be supported by the rest of the paper. A question does not give the direction the research paper takes, which is what a thesis statement is about. What you may be thinking about is the research question . The research question forms the basis of your thesis statement.

What are the two types of thesis statements?

There are two types of thesis statements , including argumentative and analytical thesis statements. An analytical thesis statement provides an analysis of the different parts of the main idea of a research paper through a broken-down discussion. The parts are then evaluated and presented in the order of the analysis. An argumentative thesis statement, on the other hand, is the format where the author makes a claim about the topic of discussion then presents their opinion in support of their claim.

How many sentences should a thesis statement have?

The thesis statement should be 1-2 sentences. It presents the thesis topic to the reader as well as the author’s stance on this topic and the tone of the paper. In rare cases, the thesis statement can be longer if you’re writing a very long and detailed paper, however, it’s best to always check with your supervisor or professor.

Tip: For optimal thesis formatting, the thesis statement should always be placed towards the end of the introduction- regardless of the length of the thesis statement.

What is a bad example of a thesis statement?

Bad: Despite an increase in the consumption of dieting products, obesity is on the rise.

Good: Despite an increase in the consumption of dieting products, obesity is on the rise as many dieting products lack proper scientific research regarding the nutritional effects that they have on the body.

The first thesis statement example is vague and unclear. If there are more people on diets, why is obesity still rising? The second thesis statement example is better as it provides evidence to support the claim that is made. You can find more thesis examples at our blog post ‘How to Write a Thesis Statement’ . These thesis statements were created to serve as examples and as such, no research was conducted on the above topics.

Writing a Thesis Statement

Whether you are writing a dissertation or a simple essay, formulating a thesis statement example can be challenging. Here is a step by step guide on how to write a good thesis statement example.

Make Your Thesis an Answer to Your Research Question

Your thesis statement example must respond to questions arising from any opinion, suggestion, or claim to be made throughout the research paper. This does not mean formulating your thesis statement into a question. It means supporting your paper’s main idea by answering questions that the reader may have. You might want to do some research on the topic of discussion before drafting your thesis statement example.

Identify the Right Type of Thesis Statement Example

Some research papers are meant to persuade, while others educate or shed light on specific issues. This is why you need to identify whether your thesis statement example should be analytical, argumentative, or even expository. When choosing the type of thesis statement to use, you might want to have the end in mind by considering the goal of the research paper or essay.

Make a Claim

You should take a firm stance on the topic and address it in detail. This is to ensure that every point made in the thesis statement example is well supported in the body of your essay or research paper. Ensure that your points are clearly addressed. Do not mince your words on your stance.

Your Thesis Statement Must Be Supported with Proof

It is said that a thesis statement example is the punchline of any research. It is in the thesis statement that the paper’s body holds together. You must, therefore, ensure that everything said can be backed up with some evidence.

Watch the Length of Your Thesis Statement Example

A thesis statement example should be concise and direct to the point. This is to enable the reader to easily identify and grasp the topic and the direction of your research paper. You might want to limit the length of your thesis statement to about one to two sentences.

Position Your Thesis Statement Appropriately

Due to the significant role that a thesis statement plays, it is essential to find the right place to position it in your research paper. Thesis statements are ideally positioned towards the end of the article’s introduction or at the end of the first paragraph. This is where you give the reader a glimpse of what to expect from your research work.

Examples for Research Papers

A thesis statement is an essential component of every piece of academic writing, including a research paper. Depending on the type of academic paper you are writing, a thesis statement example may differ in application. However, that does not exclude your academic work from the guiding principles of writing a thesis statement example. If you are wondering why it is necessary to formulate a thesis statement, here are some reasons why you must consider having one:

• Argument Development

You want your research work to be persuasive and convincing. You must, therefore, have your ideas organized and developed in a comprehensible and academic framework. This is where a thesis statement comes in handy. It enables you to give the reader a glimpse of your claim or stance before engaging the entire research work.

• A Guide to Your Research Work

Most readers want to know what to expect before they can read an article, essay, dissertation, or research paper. This is why you should formulate a thesis statement example. The statement acts as a guide to the argument captured in the rest of the article.

Thesis Statement Examples

Here are some examples of thesis statements:

In a Nutshell

• A thesis statement example is a fundamental element in the drafting of any academic work, including essays and research papers.
• A thesis statement is a sentence or paragraph that expresses the key idea or main message of a research paper.
• There are two types of thesis statements, including argumentative and analytical thesis statements.
• Since it points out a claim or idea that will be supported by the rest of the paper, a thesis statement example cannot be used as a question.
• A thesis statement example is significant in research paper writing as it is used to develop the author’s argument and offer a guide to the entire research work.

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How to write a thesis statement + examples

What is a thesis statement?

Is a thesis statement a question, how do you write a good thesis statement, how do i know if my thesis statement is good, examples of thesis statements, helpful resources on how to write a thesis statement, frequently asked questions about writing a thesis statement, related articles.

A thesis statement is the main argument of your paper or thesis.

The thesis statement is one of the most important elements of any piece of academic writing . It is a brief statement of your paper’s main argument. Essentially, you are stating what you will be writing about.

You can see your thesis statement as an answer to a question. While it also contains the question, it should really give an answer to the question with new information and not just restate or reiterate it.

Your thesis statement is part of your introduction. Learn more about how to write a good thesis introduction in our introduction guide .

A thesis statement is not a question. A statement must be arguable and provable through evidence and analysis. While your thesis might stem from a research question, it should be in the form of a statement.

Tip: A thesis statement is typically 1-2 sentences. For a longer project like a thesis, the statement may be several sentences or a paragraph.

A good thesis statement needs to do the following:

• Condense the main idea of your thesis into one or two sentences.
• Answer your project’s main research question.
• Clearly state your position in relation to the topic .
• Make an argument that requires support or evidence.

Once you have written down a thesis statement, check if it fulfills the following criteria:

• Your statement needs to be provable by evidence. As an argument, a thesis statement needs to be debatable.
• Your statement needs to be precise. Do not give away too much information in the thesis statement and do not load it with unnecessary information.
• Your statement cannot say that one solution is simply right or simply wrong as a matter of fact. You should draw upon verified facts to persuade the reader of your solution, but you cannot just declare something as right or wrong.

As previously mentioned, your thesis statement should answer a question.

If the question is:

What do you think the City of New York should do to reduce traffic congestion?

A good thesis statement restates the question and answers it:

In this paper, I will argue that the City of New York should focus on providing exclusive lanes for public transport and adaptive traffic signals to reduce traffic congestion by the year 2035.

Here is another example. If the question is:

How can we end poverty?

A good thesis statement should give more than one solution to the problem in question:

In this paper, I will argue that introducing universal basic income can help reduce poverty and positively impact the way we work.

• The Writing Center of the University of North Carolina has a list of questions to ask to see if your thesis is strong .

A thesis statement is part of the introduction of your paper. It is usually found in the first or second paragraph to let the reader know your research purpose from the beginning.

In general, a thesis statement should have one or two sentences. But the length really depends on the overall length of your project. Take a look at our guide about the length of thesis statements for more insight on this topic.

Here is a list of Thesis Statement Examples that will help you understand better how to write them.

Every good essay should include a thesis statement as part of its introduction, no matter the academic level. Of course, if you are a high school student you are not expected to have the same type of thesis as a PhD student.

Here is a great YouTube tutorial showing How To Write An Essay: Thesis Statements .

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The effect of budgeting and costing practices on the financial performance of small and medium restaurants in San Fernando City, Pampanga , Missy Tayao Borja, Christine Anne Liu Españo, Kirsten Grace Daquial Orda, and Lorraine Angeline Roy Touzo

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The mediating effect of financial restatement on corporate governance and investor confidence of publicly listed firms in the Philippine Stock Exchange index , Sherrina Cano, André Jefferson G. Lim, Chyna C. Tomas, and Mary June B. Valenzuela

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Impact of business strategies on tax avoidance of publicly listed companies (PLCs) in the Philippines: The moderating role of corporate governance , Tyron Jasper Li Chua, Margarita Christalyn Maulion Cortez, and Hans Mackenzie Dy Uy

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A comparative study on the effectiveness of purely online and hybrid learning modes on the academic performance and learning experience of accountancy students in taxation courses of De La Salle University – Manila: A cross-sectional study , Julliana Grace Cua, Cherry Catherine Ng, Vanessa Bernadette Patricio, and Chance Aiseah Ramos

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The moderating effect of firm visibility on the impact of corporate social responsibility on firm financial performance in Asia-Pacific publicly listed companies: A comparison between sensitive vs. non-sensitive industries , Kathrina S. Duyan, Audrey Lei T. Tan, Chennylle P. Verzosa, and Christine Mel C. Viernes

The impact of green initiative announcements on the stock prices of selected publicly listed companies in the food and beverage industry in ASEAN-5 , Samantha Nicole Fernandez Eguia, Angela Mikaella Baltazar Ferrer, Chikara Jane Sancho Grijaldo, and Nathaniel Adrian Ng Yanos

A study on the adoption of quick response (QR) code payments among micro and small enterprises in the City of Manila as mediated by the behavioral intention to adopt and moderated by age and income level , Jan Marie S. Espinosa, Ma. Maien B. Quiambao, and Vhianne Robie Mae V. Ramos

The application of accounting prudence on upper tone management (UTM) of publicly listed service companies in the Philippines through the interpretation of financial profitability and management discussion & analysis (MD&A) , Seth Rafael V. Feliciano, Clarissa Jae P. Lapan, Samantha Therese S. Piñgol, and Danielle Anne S. Potenciano

Beyond four walls: The effects of non-Curricular Activities Involvement on the Academic Performance of the De La Salle University Bachelor of Science in Accountancy Students , Erin Maxine C. Gallardo, Marc Zacchary C. Ram, Christian Jansen A. Supera, and Frances Anne G. Toong

The demographic, educational, economic, and social factors affecting the farm record-keeping activity of smallholder rice farmers in Pampanga, Philippines , Sharlynne Michelle C. Go, Chawne Hannah G. Gosyco, Claire Danielle C. Ng, and Kyllah Nicollaine M. Tumang

The effect of different community development activities as corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs to company profitability in the property industry of the Philippines for the period of 2019-2022 , Kristina Melisa E. Hamoy, Ma. Bianca N. Lazo, and Cezar Jerome O. Pana

The impact of aircraft capacity utilization on bankruptcy probability before and during Covid-19: Evidence from publicly-listed airlines in Asia, Europe, and the Americas from 2002 to 2021 , Trisha T. Huang, Leane A. Lin, and Joseph Regalado A. Siscar

The effect of internship dimensions on the experience of De La Salle University Bachelor of science in accountancy students , Bernard Adrian Y. Lu, Gamaliel Loim L. Niño, Carlos Miguel M. Raflores, and Andrew Wynford A. Sua

The impact of perceived factors on the intention of accounting professionals to use robotic process automation for accounting functions in the Philippines , Riam Levi A. Magalonga, Clarisse Antoinette M. Quodala, Allyana Jorge P. Rivamonte, and Jason Chong V. Sou

Sector level analysis: Impact of environmental, social, and governance performance on financial performance, stock performance, and firm value in Asia pre-and during the pandemic , Clarissa M. Piamonte, Ferdinand C. Panganiban Jr., Immah Jeanina L. Pesigan, and Jazehl Joy G. Valdez

The effects of bootstrapping potential, attitude, self-efficacy on the relationship between risk aversion and entrepreneurial intention among De La Salle University Accountancy students using moderated mediated analysis: A test of theory of planned behavior , Alexa Nicole L. Rosauro, Katrina B. Chioson, Sofia F. Gaspar, and Reizza Mae R. Necesito

The moderating role of board gender diversity on financial reporting transparency and stock returns: A study on publicly-listed firms in the Philippines before and during the COVID-19 pandemic , Michelle Andrea Santos, Marianne Ivy B. Estanislao, and Daniella Marie Espiritu Leonida

Lifestyle habits and study habits predict academic performance in hybrid modality of 4th-year Bachelor of Science in Accountancy students at De La Salle University - Manila , Shannen Virginia Antonio Silvino, Roel Vincent Burca Boreta, Mari Felicity Abril Lopez, and Geoffrey Ivan Laxama Roaring

Theses/Dissertations from 2022 2022

The effects of eco-efficiency on the profitability of ASEAN-5 companies from 2017-2019 , Angelica Sarah E. Abad, Alexandra Uniss Q. Geniebla, Sabina Allen C. Ma, and Allen Joshua F. Olaño

The impact of ESG ratings on the firm performance of listed companies in the ASEAN-5 , Arvin Marion Barroga Abaniel, Sophia-anne Marie Lavarez Domingo, Mike Alvinjay Ramos Jarin, and Josef Marcelus Igle Villanueva

ASEAN stock market reaction on the issuance of green bonds , Margaret L. Agarao, Gabriel Kean T. Ebeo, Richard Allen A. Jimenea Jr., and Victoria Elizabeth P. Yason

An empirical study on the effect of tax aggressiveness on financial performance and firm value with moderating role of corporate governance: Evidence from the Philippines , Jose Gabriel Delgado Aggabao, Jean Shairah Pia Horario Lectura, and Wesley Charles Sy Sam Tan

Before the next normal: How voluntary ESG reporting affects stock performance and trading among publicly-listed companies in the Philippines — An event study , Loren Andrea P. Alcaraz, Michel Ann A. Calapatia, Alia Isabella M. Joaquin, and Doris Wu

A comparative study on the effectiveness of De La Salle University-Manila's old and newly revised accountancy modular programs using selected factors of effectiveness , Marc Christopher Gache Alelis, Grace Anne Ericka Gadia Lui, Roniel Jiggy Kalaw Malañgen, and Charlene Grace Keh Tiong

The effect of corporate social responsibility, dividend policy and capital structure on firm value among selected Asian banking institutions during the scope of the COVID-19 pandemic , Ryann Kristoffer Soy Ang, Sharrie Mae Co Lao, and Anne Margarette Ventura Ong

Factors affecting the reporting of audit supervisors upon discovery of false sign-off among small and medium accounting firms in Metro Manila, Philippines , Irish Stacey Alano Arugay, Justine Alannah Gonzales Cruz, and Rodante Antonio Simbe Jr.

The impact of online distance learning on the work readiness of De La Salle University (Manila) bachelor of science in accountancy students , Raphael Joseph Camilo Atmosfera and Cheziel Lyn Gallon Cabacungan

The influence of fraud pentagon model on academic dishonesty of accountancy students in an online setup from the perspective of accounting educators as differed by the educators' gender , Tricia Nathalia J. Avila, Alyssa Amor B. Manigbas, Jose Raphael R. Miranda, and Joan Setias

The art of accounting: Business students’ perspectives on the ethicality of the creative accounting practice , Vincent Raven B. Baldomero, Monica Joyce S. Chua, and Shermaine Kayle C. Chua

Academic self-efficacy among graduating accountancy students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A convergent-parallel mixed methods study , Nell Charisse Ameera M. Bejasa, Rayhanah N. Decampong, Nikka Allyson D. Gue, and Pauline Sharry S. Tiu

An analysis on the bidirectional causal relationship between ESG performance and corporate financial performance of publicly-listed companies under sensitive industries in the ASEAN-4 emerging countries , Sophia Marie Regencia Beltrano, Sophia Rose Samonte Follosco, Ronnie Angelic Oliva Saraza, and Jewel Almodiel Vinson

The moderating impact of regulatory policy formation, corporate governance, and economic development on the relationship between the accounting environment and control of corruption in ASEAN countries , Vishal Bhagia, Colleen Monica K. Chiu, Jean Nicole L. Ng, and Bianca Alanis Ysabel C. Redulla

Assessing the self-efficacy of accounting professors from universities and colleges within the city of Manila in relation to the transition to online distance learning due to COVID-19 pandemic , Kashmir Jansen Oba Burgos, Mikaelle Angelica Banares Perez, Janne Emile Robellon, and Ma. Samantha San Juan Valero

A qualitative assessment of the business continuity practices of selected ASEAN banks in response to the COVID-19 pandemic , Hillary Anne V. Carbonel, Danica R. Manabat, Batrix Marie B. Perocho, and Alyssa Vienesse C. Tan

The effect of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and personality on the career decisions of accounting professionals in the Philippines as mediated by behavioral intention: A test of theory of planned behavior by Ajzen , Cheri Mae H. Claveria and Rochelle O. Nabos

The effect of corporate governance characteristics on selected financial ratios and firm value before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among publicly listed companies in the Philippines , Joebert L. Co and Danielz Rafael B. Javilinar

The impact of key audit matters and firm performance on investor reaction: An empirical study on the Philippine stock exchange index from 2016 to 2019 , Bianca Mae S. De Castro, Carmella Grace R. De Leon, Leiana Aika L. Go, and Erin Chelsea Y. Llobrera

Meeting expectations: A phenomenological study on the gap between the ICT competencies of BS Accountancy ID 117 graduates from De La Salle University and ICT competencies prescribed by the International Accounting Education Standards Board , Kurt Lewis O. Dela Cruz, Lance Mikhail Jason A. Go, and Laureen Macy C. Ong

An analysis of the factors influencing the audit opinion of cities in the Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic , Pamela Grace Villavicencio Dela Cruz, Elyza Sophia Ramos Ladines, Frances Harriet Lituanas Lim, and Irish Giorgia Cuento Valera

An alignment study of the Bachelor of Science in Accountancy program in the Philippines, the International Education Standards, and the Certified Public Accountant Licensure Examination: Basis for curriculum reforms , Pauline C. Dela Peña, Caitlin Gail O. Rodil, Carl Fredrick P. Sayson, and Richmond Lloyd S. Young

A content analysis on the comment letters to IFRS IC: Accounting for cryptocurrencies , Jan Josef D. Domingo, Ronin J. Galido, Gabriel Angelo J. Jon, and Mark G. Rizada

The moderating effect of corporate social responsibility on the impact of COVID-19 on stock prices of selected Philippine publicly listed firms , Maraiah L. Fernandez, Alexander G. Gallamos, Jasteen Maer Panganiban, and Jaela Marie M. Talisic

Assessing the implementation of excise tax on sweetened beverages on manufacturing companies in the Philippines: Basis for tax reforms , Francesca Glen Esteban Gacal, Francesca Beatriz Agamata Reyes, Mireah Kyra Molina Wong, and Dominique Bianca Uy Yap

An analysis of the effect of board characteristics and the pandemic on sustainability performance among emerging markets , Ma. Beatrice Emmanuelle Z. Garcia, Ryen Keith Nibungco, and Ana Ysabelle T. Valenova

An event study on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on stock price of publicly listed companies in the ASEAN-5 , Jasper Salvio Jesswani, Lance Nitzcel Padilla Kho, Nica Franze Tan Lino, and Julian Franco Balcita Mejos

The effect of audit committee charateristics on audit fees and audit opinion with moderating effect of audit committee gender , James Adrian T. Lai, Denise Allyson D. Ng, Jillian Mitziko C. Limqueco, and Park Jinyeong

A multiple-group analysis on the moderating effects of remote auditing on the internal audit effectiveness of government-owned and or controlled corporations in the Philippines and its determinants , Christine Paola D. Lorenzo, Peter Ernest C. Mallari, Romeo Neil N. Manlangit, and Kelly Junine C. Yu

Effect of service sub-sector vulnerability due to the COVID-19 pandemic enhanced community quarantine on the cumulative abnormal returns of service firms listed in the Philippine Stock Exchange with disclosure tone as a moderating variable , Micah Jaye R. Maristela and Benelli Policarpio Tuazon

Future-proofing the accounting information systems profession: Prospects of a double degree bachelor of science in accountancy and bachelor of science in accounting information systems programs aligned with model curricula in De La Salle University-Manila , Carla Sofia T. Padilla, Katrina Louise C. Reyes, Henrico Gustav Mikhail P. Sanchez, and Monique Ellenor L. Sy

Accounting information vs. financial market information in explaining stock returns: Evidence from publicly listed non-financial firms in the ASEAN-5 stock markets from 2010 to 2020 , Roseanne N. Roque, Marielle Lissette U. Sarmiento, Yanesah Ann L. Tumambing, and Mary Gabrielle Eligius A. Yap

Theses/Dissertations from 2021 2021

The effect of environmental costs and factors affecting environmental accounting on firm profitability of publicly-listed industrial companies in the Philippines , Kaycee Nicole E. Acis, Rea Marie B. Diaz, and Abigail Faith B. Javier

The effect of COVID-19 pandemic government response to top global airline stocks’ performance and risk profile as controlled by market returns , Alysson Ace B. Agustin, Marcellin Enrico M. Cruz VII, Ysabelle Mikayla S. Orlino, and Sean Patrick T. Uy

The effects of capital structure on the financial performance of publicly listed commercial banks: Evidence from the ASEAN-5 countries , Ricardo Raphael Alday Atienza, Jasmine Alliah Kiu Bactat, Jamie Angela Lee Chua, and Kristen Kyla Lim Tan

The moderating effect of ownership structure between the relationship of corporate social responsibility and firm performance in the ASEAN-5 , Mari Luis Augustin T. Avila, Katherine Ann J. Fernandez, Louise Kyle V. Ngo, and Dave Johann Y. Tan

The effect of information system capabilities on medium and large enterprises’ firm performance: A moderated mediation analysis , Chanelle Z. Batin, Johncary Angelo N. Laysico, Quennie G. Robiso, and Francesca Margaret Red M. Santos

A‌ ‌comparative‌ ‌analysis‌ ‌of‌ ‌key‌ ‌financial‌ ‌ratios‌ ‌of‌ ‌Philippine‌ ‌publicly‌ listed‌ companies‌ ‌before‌ ‌and‌ ‌during‌ ‌COVID-19‌ , Alec Johnson C. Billan, Jemaiah Lorraine M. Delima, Ram Steven Martin S. Naval, and Magick Dovelyn S. Wee

The impact of adjustment, agency, and political costs on cost stickiness of publicly listed companies in the Philippines from 2009-2019 , Angela Bianca N. Catalig, Charles Justin M. Decena, Maria Denise A. Franco, and Ma. Colleen L. Ventura

The effect of value added intellectual coefficient, firm size, and leverage on business performance in the ASEAN-5 service industry , Jessica Maris H. Chen, Sophia Kelly G. Chua, and Alyana Ysabel A. Tan

Cross-country and regional Analyses on the effect of environmental accounting on financial profitability, liquidity, marketability, leverage, and firm value of environmentally sensitive industries across the ASEAN-5 , Venz Luis D.M. Delos Reyes, Jovelle Anne T. Laggui, Matthew O. Lagonera, and Rhazelle Teemee S. Lapuz

Analyzing the effect of accountability, government characteristics, and citizen participation on the financial performance of Philippine cities , Lou Brad N. De Nobili, Chelsie Marie D. Gumba, Alexander E. Rodriguez Jr., and James Vincent E. Rodriguez

An event study on the market's reaction on information technology Investment announcements of selected publicly listed companies in the Philippines , Elysia Kallysta R. Falco, Jose Eduardo A. Guillermo, Rafael Angelo A. Laya, and Kyra Isabelle G. Monje

Religiosity and its effects on financial reporting quality of publicly listed companies from 3 ASEAN countries with COVID-19 as a moderator: A PLS-SEM model study , Javier Francisco B. Laurena, Nicole Elise O. Torres, Jansen C. Kang, and John Andrew C. Andrada

Theses/Dissertations from 2016 2016

A study on the impact of environmental management practices on firm growth of publicly listed companies under the Philippine industrial sector from 2011 to 2015 , Ed Norvile John B. Aba, Gean Margaret S. Manalastas, Jenn Mae Clarisse C. San Pedro, and Janneth S. Tee

The effects of ownership concentration on the financial performance of publicly-listed companies in the ASEAN region , Kristina Pauline B. Abesamis, Jiro Nigel Cadungon, Hans Cedric O. Lee, and Ida Frances T. Santiago

Factors affecting audit fees of Philippine listed non-financial firms , Miguel Marciano M. Advincula, Rafael Q. Ocampo, Joshua T. Pamaran, and Pramela D. Menghrajani

Propensity in intangible investments: Firm heterogeneity among publicly listed ASEAN consumer discretionary and consumer staples firms , James Paulo G. Agnes, Aaron Cade D. Cariño, Michael Eugene C. Santiago, and Allen Ivan P. Sta. Maria

Recalibration and improvement of the Altman, Zmijewski, and Prophecy model: Earnings management as a predictor of bankruptcy of Philippine manufacturing firm , Eugene C. Aguirre, Noel Christian C. Marcojos, Leomar T. Santiago, and Alyssa Gale D. Valeriano

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As a graduate student, you may need to complete a thesis or dissertation as part of your program's graduation requirements. While theses are common among master’s students and dissertations among doctoral students, this may not apply universally across all programs. We encourage you to reach out to your program adviser to determine the specific requirements for your culminating project.

Office of Theses and Dissertations

The Office of Theses and Dissertations is the unit of the Graduate School responsible for certifying that theses and dissertations have been prepared in accordance with formatting requirements established by the Graduate School, the University Libraries, and the graduate faculty of Penn State. We are here to help you navigate the review and approval process to ensure you are able to graduate on time.

The Thesis and Dissertation Handbook explains Penn State formatting requirements for all master’s theses and doctoral dissertations. It covers the submission process and approval deadlines, the responsibilities of each student, and provides page examples. We highly recommend all students doing theses or dissertations to carefully review the handbook.

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Learning Task 4: Directions: Read the passage and distinguish the general statement and its specific statements by completing the graphic organizer below.​

General Statement

Sardinella tawilis is a freshwater sardine found only in the Philippines.

Statement 1

It is the only member of the genus Sardinella known to exist entirely in fresh water.

Statement 2

In the local language, they are known in Filipino as tawilis.

Statement 3

Sardinella tawilis is a small fish reaching up to 15 cm and weighing less than 30 g.

Statement 4​

They have a single, triangular dorsal fin and a forked caudal fin. They possess long, slender gill rakers in their mouths.

Explanation:

A general statement is one that states the main idea of a paragraph. The specific statements are those that provide supporting information for the general statement. In this example, the main idea is that the Sardinella tawilis is a freshwater sardine found only in the Philippines. The rest of the sentences refer to specific characteristics: the fact that it´s the only member of the genus Sardinella is known to exist entirely in freshwater, its name origin, its size, and weight, as well as its physical appearance.

The general statement and its specific statements by completing the graphic organizer below is :

General statements are wide categories or bunches of individuals or things.

Common articulations may insinuate to the generally characteristics or components of these categories or bunches.

                                  General Statement

Sardinella Tawil is is a freshwater sardine found only in the Philippines.

In the local language, they are known in Filipino as Tawil is.

They have a single, triangular dorsal fin and a forked caudal fin. They possess long, slender gill racers in their mouths.

Learn more about "General Statement":

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