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Essay on Social Issues in India for Students in 2000 Words

March 1, 2020 by ReadingJunction 4 Comments

On this page, you will read an Essay on Social Issues in India for Students in 2000 Words. In India and Every society has specific problems that commonly refer to social issues or social problems. It is a problem that affects a significant percentage of the population or community in a country or world.

So, let’s Start the Essay on Social Issues in India

Table of Contents

What are Social Issues?

Social issues (social problems, social evil, and social conflict) refer to any undesirable state that opposes the society or part of society. This is an unwanted social situation, which often raises problems; continue that is harmful to society.

Social problems cause many problems by factors that are beyond the control of one person and cause many conflicts for moral reasons.

The drawback of all Social Issues

There are many drawbacks to all social issues. This includes:

• Social issues are situations that have adverse and harmful consequences for society.
• Social issues arise when people leave from nature or society from an ideal situation.
• Almost all social issues have some common origins.
• Many of them are interrogating, and if one solves, the other will also resolve.
• Social issues have a massive lousy impact on society and can affect any part of it.
• Social issues need a common approach to the solution.
• Almost everywhere, societies in this world have social issues.
• India is struggling with many social issues such as the caste system, child labor, illiteracy, gender inequality, superstition, religious conflicts, and more. It is a critical time for society to free itself from these undesirable social evils.

Major Social Issues in India

The main social issues in India are briefly discussed below in the following order-

• Caste system
• Child labor
• Child Marriage
• Gender Inequality
• Domestic Violence against Women
• Sexual Violence and Harassment to Women
• Child Sex Abuse
• Communalism
• Dowry system
• Superstition
• Religious Conflicts
• Untouchability
• Child Trafficking
• Over – Population

1. The caste system

The caste system is a system for determining the class or assigning a status to people from birth. The causes, effects, and solutions of the caste system in India are described below:

The main reason for creating the caste system in India is the caste assignment based on professional specialization. Four classes of the caste system: Four classes include:

• Brahmins – priesthood class.
• Kshatriyas – a class of warriors and rulers.
• Vaishyas – a commercial class.
• Sudras – the lowest of four traditional classes involved in household members and workers, etc.

The caste system has many disadvantages, such as:

• Promotes inequality
• Undemocratic by nature
• False differentiation in superiority and inferiority
• It increases the difference between people from the upper and lower caste.
• People fall victim to the caste.

Education will help people realize the disadvantages of the caste system. There is a need for broad social change for equality. There should include special classes in schools that give children value and moral education.  Thanks to better learning and economic progress, people belonging to different castes mix and cooperate.

Poverty means a situation in which it does not fulfill the basic needs of people. This is a vicious circle and means no money or material goods.

The significant causes of poverty are:

When resources and opportunities are limited, and the population is high, there is an unemployment situation that ultimately leads to poverty.

Poor people will always have to rely on others to survive. Poor food quality can lead to poor nutrition. Poor people have less freedom to choose their profession. Poverty can affect the morality and self-esteem of people living in extreme difficulties. It also causes stress, which ultimately affects interpersonal relationships.

Low living standards prevail among poor people. When many people live in poverty, the opportunities for developing the country’s economy become limited. Increasing employment opportunities can control debt.

The government should take further steps towards charity, trust, and some transparency when spending money in these social institutions. The education system should reform and initiatives to attract more children to attain the school.

3. Child labor

Child labor is a system of involving children in any business activity. Child labor means involving underage children. The main reasons for child labor in India are:

• Unemployment
• Illiteracy and
• A low standard of living

If the above problems resolve by Indian society, then the country will have fewer social issues. When the family is poor, they often have no choice but to send their children to work. Because of parents’ unemployment, children do not receive the proper education and forces to engage in child labor.

Adverse effects of child labor are:

Child labor is a cruel practice. It hinders personal development, destroys their childhood. Child labor deprives the opportunity to play, make friends, dreams, relax, and enjoy all critical aspects of a healthy, desirable childhood. Children are the upcoming pillars of the country and engaging them in child labor will weaken these pillars.

The primary solution to the problem of child labor is:

Provide education and knowledge to children. If the parent’s income increases, children get an education. The government will have to take further steps to enforce labor law properly. As the employment opportunity of adults will increase, it reduces child labor.

Child labor is an unfortunate and disturbing phenomenon that unfortunately still needs to be eliminated in many parts of the world, including India.

4. Illiteracy

Illiteracy describes the inability to read and/or write. Because of the problem of unemployment and poverty, children have no chance of proper education. Many people remain illiterate because of physical or mental disabilities. Other social evils like the caste system and gender inequalities also cause illiteracy. One of the leading causes of crime is illiteracy.

Most illiterate people are unaware of the advantages of maintaining cleanliness and hygiene . Illiterates have difficulty in getting a good job and earning. Overpopulation is a massive increase in the number of people and is causing by some factors.

The only and best way to eliminate illiteracy from society is education. The government should take steps to promote free education for the backward class of society in government schools. The government is also looking at the fact that people receive fair pay for their work.

5. The dowry system

Dowry is one of the worst practices widespread in Indian society. There is a tradition of asking for a dowry at the time of marriage and greed among the groom’s family for quick and easy money. People are also asking for a dowry to keep up status.

The main problems of the dowry system in society are:

The bride’s family, which usually belongs to the middle and low classes, face its bitter side. Parents often take out a loan for their daughter’s marriage. Most times, observing the lousy situation of their parents, the bride becomes mentally affected. Sometimes psychological torture caused by dowry leads to suicidal tendencies.

6. Religious conflicts:

Religious conflicts are among the most severe social issues today.

The difference in beliefs: people belonging to different religions have different views.Lack of education: People who want to spread violence in the name of religion can easily mislead illiterate people. Sometimes, conflicts between communities lead to violence and crime.

The solution to religious violence lies only in the hands of Societies.

7. Children’s marriage

Child marriage in India has been practiced for centuries, and children are married before their physical and mental maturity. Regardless of its roots, child marriage is a gross violation of human rights, leaving physical, psychological, and emotional scars for life.

Second, economically weak and large families encourage this practice because it helps to send girls early. While the boy’s marriage provides additional help in household and business operations.

Awareness-raising: all stakeholders should be alert and convinced of the adverse effects of child marriage. Checking loopholes in law: shortcomings need to be corrected to strengthen the law.

8. Gender Inequality

The problem of gender inequality is historical. The sociological reality behind this structure is the transition from a matriarchal society, which is more egalitarian, to a patriarchal society.

Although economic and technological progress has changed the social structure, the problem of gender inequality still exists, even in modern, urbanized societies.

The problem of the education system

In all areas of men-dominated society, including the structure of the state, the education system, the health care system, security forces, and the judiciary, there is a male culture and a sense of power.

In the education system, equal opportunities must be guaranteed for all children, regardless of gender, and the government should ensure this practice is implemented.

The program should be non-discriminatory and textbooks, especially in terms of language, should be prepared under the principles of gender equality.

9. Domestic violence against women

This form of domestic violence is the most common. The most common causes of harassment and torture of women are dissatisfaction with the dowry and abusing women for more, arguing with a partner, refusing sex with him, neglecting children, leaving home without telling the partner, improper cooking or on time, engaging in new matters, not caring for my parents-in-law, etc.

Many other factors in urban areas lead to differences at the beginning and then are domestic violence. Violence against young widows is also increasing in India.

Other forms of physical abuse of women also include beating, grabbing, burdening them with bullying, public humiliation, and neglecting health problems.

10. Starvation

Although the concept of food security was coined 17 years ago, humanity has been fighting hunger and thrust since ancient times. A new global partnership to reduce extreme poverty and set several time-bound targets with a deadline of 2015, known as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), is expected to give new impetus to the cause of food security.

The reasons for this disturbing phenomenon are different in each case. The physical availability of food at both macro and micro levels can be negatively affected due to the lack of local production, natural and human-made disasters, seasonal changes, water scarcity, poor infrastructure, insufficient storage capacity, stockpiling, and even legal problems.

However, factors that impede food absorption include a lack of clean drinking water, inadequate health, hygiene and sanitation, a low level of literacy and a fiscal cushion for governments for public sector development programs that would help ensure essential service delivery.

11. Terrorism

Terrorism not only kills the innocent but it also undermines democratic governance, even in mature democracies such as the United States and much of Europe, India, and other parts of the world.

To eliminate the threat that terrorism poses to democracy , the United States and its allies should continue to emphasize sharing intelligence and make such efforts.

12. Sexual harassment and the violation of women’s rights

Violence against women and girls is a severe violation of human rights. Decades of mobilization of civil society and women’s movements have put the end of gender-based violence high on the list of national and international priorities.

We should work with governments to develop particular national action plans to prevent and counter-violence against women, strengthening coordination between the actors required for lasting and meaningful operation.

13. Sexual exploitation of children

In recent years, it reflects the reality of how child pornography is produced. Sexual exploitation of children is a severe problem in our society, and it happens more often than people realize it.

Based on reports submitted to Cybertip, the Studies show that most criminals do not have criminal records. The sexual exploitation of children covers a wide range of behaviors and situations.

14. Untouchability

This is a practice in which people from the lower caste are kept far away, deprived of social equality and suffering from touch disabilities. These are considered contaminating or polluting the people of the higher castes.

The word “untouchable” refers to a despised and degraded portion of the Hindu population. Untouchables occupy the lowest place in society and have been subjecting to various types of social, cultural, and other restrictions. Eve Govt has been worked a lot on this issue, but few are still happening in rural areas.

15. Child trafficking

Child trafficking is a crime that uses girls and boys for many purposes, including forced labor and sex. It is associated with criminal activity and corruption. Further, smuggling and exploitation are posing an increasing risk to children worldwide.

When human trafficking occurs, children are often victims of trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation or for work, such as domestic service, factory work, agricultural work, mining, or forced to fight conflicts.

16. Overpopulation

Overpopulation is a condition in which the human population increases to the extent that exceeds the carrying capacity of the ecological system. In an overcrowded environment, the number of people is higher than the number of necessary survival materials, such as transportation, water, shelter, food, or social facilities. This is regularly contributing to the deterioration of the environment, the quality of life, and even the collapse of the ecosystem.

Conclusion of Essay on Social Issues in India

Society can solve social issues themselves. These issues make up a barrier to the progress of society, which is why we should work together to end them. If we do not unite against them, social issues will continue to grow. It can be solved only through mass consciousness, education, humanity, and a positive attitude.

I hope you like this Essay on Social Issues for Students.

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Essay on social problems in india | sociology.

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Here is an essay on ‘Social Problems in India’ for class 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. Find paragraphs, long and short essays on ‘Social Problems in India’ especially written for school and college students.

Essay on Social Problems

Essay Contents:

• Essay on Solving Social Problems

Essay # 1. Introduction to Social Problems :

India emerged as an independent nation-state on 15 th August 1947, after a long struggle against the British colonial yoke. The country is a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic with a parliamentary system of government. Though India has shown tremendous growth in all spheres of national life in the years after independence, yet many problems plague the everyday social life; the problems, many a time, are interrelated.

Poverty, Population, Pollution, Illiteracy, Corruption, Inequality, Gender discrimination, Terrorism, Communalism, Lack of Infrastructure, Unemployment, Regionalism, Casteism, Alcoholism, Drugs Abuse, Violence against Women are the major ones.

ADVERTISEMENTS: (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Essay # 2. Concept of Social Problems :

Contemporary Indian society is flecked with numerous issues that are labelled as social problems. Some of them are age-old, and some are of recent origin that have erupted owing to the change in global socio-political order.

A social problem, in general, is the condition which is not ideal and disrupts the balance of a society. A dictionary of sociology defines social problems as, “any undesirable condition or situation that is judged by an influential number of persons within a community to be intolerable and to require group action toward constructive reform”.

Another widely used definition specifies that “no condition, no matter how dramatic or shocking to someone else, is a social problem unless and until the values of a considerable number of people define it as a problem”.

Some of the other definitions of social problems given by sociologists are:

1. Horton and Leslie:

It is often defined as the condition which many people consider undesirable and wish to correct.

2. Lindbergh:

It is any deviant behaviour in a disapproved direction of such a degree that it exceeds the tolerance limit of the community.

3. L.K. Frank:

It is defined as any difficulty of misbehaviour of a fairly large number of persons which we wish to remove or correct.

4. Fuller and Mayer:

A social problem starts with the awakening of people in a given locality, with the realisation of certain cherished values that are threatened by the conditions which have become acute.

Emergence of Sociology as a Discipline :

Sociology has emerged as a discipline which systematically studies social behaviour or society, including its origins, development, organisation, networks, and institutions and problems. The American Sociological Association defines Sociology as “the study of social life, social change, and the social causes and consequences of human behaviour”. To a sociologist, a social problem is an issue that negatively affects a person’s state of being in a society.

To understand social problems, sociologists look “from outside” at individuals rather than looking them “from inside”, to examine the thoughts, cause, and action. This is due to the fact that for the sociologist, many problems that appear as personal are actually social problems, because personal experience in one way or another is influenced by social forces. Prominent American sociologist C. Wright Mills uses the term “sociological imagination” to refer to this ability to see the impact of social forces on individuals, especially on their private lives.

He argues that people must understand how extraneous factors contribute to individual situations. To understand this, we must apply sociological imagination— the ability to look beyond the individual as the only cause of action and see how society influences a person’s outcome. Mills noted that this macro (large-scale) point of view helps us understand how history and societal organisations influence people.

We often see social issues from our personal viewpoints, interpreting actions at face value, i.e. a micro (small- scale) view. Using only a micro point of view is detrimental to a holistic and genuine understanding of the world. It can negatively influence our understanding of events while applying sociological imagination, and considering that an individual might act and respond because of a number of reasons.

As Mills argued, the goal of sociology is to move beyond our own perceptions and toward a sociological imagination. Without connecting what we know about society to the individual, we run the risk of wrongly placing blame and misconstruing the way we interpret events.

The shift then is to look at social problems in relation to other aspects of society like economy, culture, or religion. The sociological imagination is stimulated by a willingness to view the social world from the perspective of others. It involves moving from thinking about the individual and his problems, and focusing on social, economic, and historical circumstances that produce the problem. Sociological study is not the same as our everyday “common sense.”

Essay # 3. Types of Social Problems :

Social problems are of diverse nature.

However, these diverse social problems can be broadly grouped under four categories:

1. Economic Factors :

These problems arise due to imbalance in economic distribution such as poverty, unemployment, etc.

2. Cultural Factors :

Problems that arise from established beliefs, values, traditions, laws, and languages of a nation or society fall under this category such as dowry, child marriage, juvenile delinquency, etc.

3. Biological Factors :

The problems that arise due to natural calamities, infectious diseases, famine, etc.

4. Psychological factors :

Problems that arise from ill mental and neurological health fall under this category.

Case (1964) has enumerated four types of social problems on the basis of their origin:

(i) Problems that are rooted in some aspect of the physical environment.

(ii) Problems that are inherent in the nature or distribution of the population involved.

(iii) Problems that result from poor social organisation.

(iv) Problems that evolve from a conflict of cultural values within the society.

Fuller and Myers have enlisted three types of problems:

(i) Physical Problems:

Though these are problems for the society, but their causes are not based on value conflicts, for example, floods and famines;

(ii) Ameliorative Problems:

There is consensus about the effects of these problems but there are differences pertaining to their solutions, for example, crime, poverty, and AIDS; and

(iii) Moral Problems:

There is no consensus pertaining to the nature or causes of these problems, for example, gambling, alcoholism, drug abuse, and divorce.

Essay # 4. Characteristics of Social Problems :

Social problems are serious to the extent that they undesirably alter the existing order of the society.

On the basis of the aforesaid discussion, we can identify the following characteristics of social problems:

1. All social problems are situations which have injurious consequences for society.

2. All social problems are deviations from the “ideal” situation.

3. All social problems have some common basis of origin.

4. All social problems are social and political in origin.

5. All social problems are caused by pathological social conditions.

6. All social problems are interconnected.

7. All social problems are social in their results—they affect all sections of society.

8. The responsibility for social problems is social—they require a collective approach for their solution.

9. Social problems occur in all societies.

A social problem does not exist for a society unless it is recognised by that society to exist. In not being aware of a social problem, a society does not perceive it, address it, discuss it, or do anything for eradicating it. So the crucial point is, identification of a particular issue by the society as a problem. History changes the definition of social problems. The issues that society considered major in the past are often not that important in the present.

For example, at one point in time a major concern in the United States was horse theft—obviously, this is no longer an issue. For example sati, child labour, illiteracy, child marriage, slavery, and religious conversion were not considered a malady in Indian history. But today, all of these are undesirable in contemporary India.

Essay # 5. Causes of Social Problems :

The causes of social problems may be three-fold but cannot be treated in isolation:

(i) Individual

(ii) Cultural

(iii) Structural.

The social evils that are plaguing our society today could hardly be catalogued. They are very uncountable in the true sense of the assertion.

Prominent among them are- juvenile delinquency; child abuse; escalating crime waves such as armed robbery; arson; fraud; drug peddling; currency trafficking; bribery and corruption; embezzlement of public funds; student and youth unrest; cultural violence; religious intolerance; boundary disputes; stark dishonesty; election rigging; coups and counter coups; lack of commitment to duty; examination malpractices; filthy and gross indiscipline; result racketeering; disrespect for other species; gross economic inequality; poverty; disease and hunger; widespread illiteracy; lack of gainful employment opportunities; open injustice; ostentatious spending; abuse of authority; hoarding of essential commodities; cheating and exploitation of the masses; discrimination and ethnic jingoism; inordinate ambition; cultism; lack of realisation of human potential; narrow education resulting in ill-informed citizens; civil wars; famine; drought and unchecked desertification; and human trafficking and child labour.

Essay # 6. Factors that Result in Social Problems :

James H. Reinhardt (1952) has recounted three factors in the development of social problems:

(1) Differentiation and Multiplication of Interests and Functions :

The principle that the greater the number of parts in a machine or an organism, the greater the probability of maladjustment among the parts holds good for human societies too, where there is increased opportunity for the collision of interests of various individuals, groups, institutions, and systems. Untouchability, communal riots, and political crimes are the social problems which is the result of the clash of interests of different castes and classes.

(2) Accelerating Frequency of Social Change or Growth of Civilisation :

This has been made possible due to the multiplication of scientific and mechanical innovations. For example, the invention of machines has destroyed many old forms of employment resulting in the migration of millions of people, and has given rise to class conflicts. It is thus the structural and functional maladjustments arising from revolutionary inventions which create many social problems.

(3) Man’s Developed Insight to Make a Scientific Analysis :

Ever since man has developed his social insight of looking into the working of nature, issues which were formerly regarded as simple are now perceived as the result of various kinds of natural conditions which influence man and society. .

Essay # 7. Reactions to Social Problems :

Different people react differently to social problems.

The differences may be explained in terms of the following four factors:

(i) An Attitude of Unconcern :

Many people and the State at times, remain indifferent to a problem, thinking that it does not affect them. At times, their own individual problems like family tensions and job pressures keep them so engaged that they do not find time to be interested in what affects others. It is only when their own interests are involved that they become agitated and start taking interest in the problem. The indifference and passivity of the State only add to the problem further.

(ii) Fatalism :

Some people are so fatalistic that they attribute everything to destiny. Issues like poverty and unemployment are also explained in terms of misfortune and past karma. They, therefore, suffer the misfortune quietly and wait for some miracle to happen.

(iii) Vested Interests :

Some people take no interest in the existing problems because they stand to gain so long as the problem exists. Motivated by self-interest, they describe the problem as insoluble and talk about its eradication as a waste of time.

(iv) Absence of Expert Knowledge :

Some people, though deeply concerned about the problem, do not take much interest in it believing that its solution is impossible unless people change their attitudes and values. As the changes must be initiated by a change in outlook, they remain unconcerned about finding alternative possibilities of treatment. Dowry is one such problem in our society.

Essay # 8. Solving Social Problems:

Although C. Wright Mills identified the relationship between a personal trouble and a public issue more than 50 years ago, less has been said about the transformation of an issue to a solution. Mills leads us in the right direction by identifying the relationship between public issues and social institutions. By continuing to use our sociological imagination and recognising the role of larger social, cultural, and structural forces, we can identify appropriate measures to address these social problems.

Let’s consider homelessness. It does not arise out of mysterious or special circumstances; it emerges out of familiar life experiences. The loss of a job, the illness of a family member, domestic violence, or divorce could make a family more susceptible to homelessness. Without informal social support, a savings account, or suitable and adequate employment—and with the increasing cost of healthcare and the lack of affordable housing—a family’s economic and emotional resources can quickly be tapped out.

What would it take to prevent homelessness in these situations? The answers are not based in each individual or each family; rather, the long-term solutions are structural solutions such as affordable healthcare, livable wages, and affordable low-income housing. In the US, President Franklin Roosevelt proposed sweeping social reforms during his New Deal in 1935, and President Johnson declared the War on Poverty in 1964. Solutions require social action—in the form of social policy, advocacy, and innovation—to address problems at their structural or individual levels.

Social innovation may take the form of a policy, a programme, or advocacy that features an untested or unique approach. Innovation usually starts at the community level, but it can grow into a national or international programme. The concept of “partnership housing” was developed by Millard and Linda Fuller in 1965, partnering those in need of adequate shelter with community volunteers to build simple interest-free houses. In India, recent initiative ‘Swachh Bharat’, ‘Digital India, ‘Make in India’ etc. are also unique social innovations that can transform Indian society in a big way.

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6 Major Social Issues in India: Causes and Measures

India suffers from a host of social issues ranging from poverty to gendered violence. This article covers the concept of social issues and highlights the different experiences of rural and urban sectors. Further, it studies six important social issues namely poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, the caste system, gendered violence and communalism by analyzing their causes and the specific measures adopted to combat them.

What Are Social Issues?

An individual problem is one that affects only a particular individual or group. On the other hand, public issues are those faced by society as a whole. A social issue is when a situation is deemed less than the social ideal. It must result in unfavourable circumstances that can only be handled collectively. India has undergone many changes in the last decades. Social change brings with it a new set of circumstances wherein an otherwise overlooked issue might be given importance. For example, the population explosion in India was not viewed as a serious issue until the 1950s. It is also important to note that any problem only becomes a social issue when enough number of people find it undesirable. Sati was not deemed a social issue until Raja Ram Mohan Roy criticized the practice and a considerable number of people started supporting him (Ahuja 2014).

Rural versus Urban Social Issues

Many scholars have identified fundamental differences between the causes and consequences of issues experienced the rural and urban sectors.

The rural sector has five identifying characteristics. Firstly, people are either directly or indirectly dependent upon agriculture. Next, the upper caste citizens are the largest landholders. Thirdly, the roles and values of rural people are traditional. Also, the farmers receive inadequate compensation for their hard work. Finally, people are scattered in rural areas as compared to urban cities. This isolation means that their access to services like banks, hospitals and schools is also minimal.

Read: Farmers’ suicides in India

On the other hand, the urban sector is characterized by the concentration of large populations in small areas. This results in many issues such as slums, high crime rates, pollution, drug abuse and unemployment. Also, cities are highly interdependent on every small part. For example, a strike by bus workers could result in many problems for the functioning of a city.

Poverty can be defined as the inability to secure the minimum standard of living appropriate to society. According to the Planning Commission, 22% of India’s population lived below the poverty line in 2012.

Causes of Poverty

The sociologist David Elesh determined three causes of poverty namely individual, culture of poverty and social structure. The first ideology is propagated by those who believe that if an individual ends up in poverty, it is their own fault and due to a lack of hard work and initiative. This thought is rooted in the functionalist approach of sociology. It maintains that poverty is a good thing for society since it propagates the survival of the fittest. The culture of poverty concept was introduced in 1959 by Oscar Lewis. He believed that the lifestyle of the lower socio-economic classes fostered behaviours and attitudes associated with poverty. Hence, no amount of economic rehabilitation could help alleviate the poor. Finally, the social structure approach was propagated by sociologist Herbert Gans . He associated poverty with unjust social conditions and pointed out that the middle and higher classes had a vested interest in the poor. For example, the existence of the poor helped alleviate their social status. Thus, they had no interest in changing the social structure (Ahuja 2014).

Within the Indian context, many unique causes of poverty have been identified. The first is the rapidly rising population. This year, the population reached 138.72 crores which was a 1.26% increase from last year. Such a high population raised the demand for consumption of a limited number of resources. The second is low agricultural productivity due to lack of capital, technology and fragmented land holding. The next cause is unemployment which is present in the form of both underemployment and disguised unemployment in the agricultural sector. Social factors have also contributed to poverty through the caste system , gendered laws of inheritance and a lack of infrastructure. Finally, political factors such as the British exploitation of natural resources also led to a weakened Indian economy.

Poverty Alleviation Programs

The Indian government has launched many poverty alleviation programs for the rural and urban poor. A few major schemes have been described below. The Indira Awaas Yojna (IAY) was launched to aid the construction of houses for those belonging to scheduled tribes, scheduled castes, freed bonded laborers and the rural poor living below the poverty line. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGA) was introduced in 2005 all over India. Under this scheme, every rural household was guaranteed 100 days of wage employment in the form of unskilled manual labor each fiscal year. Finally, the food security scheme introduced in 2003 distributed allocated amounts of food grains to priority and antyodya households for free. This scheme covered almost 75% of the rural and 50% of the urban population (Ahuja 2014).

Unemployment

Unemployment has often been described as the most significant social issue in society. This is because an individual is dependent on their work for both their livelihood and their status. Sociologically, unemployment is defined as the inability to find remunerative work in the face of both potential and desire to earn. The three elements of unemployment are that the individual must be capable, willing and making an effort to be gainfully employed.

Types of Unemployment

There are three major classifications of unemployment, namely, seasonal, cyclical and technological.

Seasonal unemployment is a characteristic of the agricultural sector. Any cultivator in India is unemployed for almost four to six months every year. Workers at some manufacturing units like ice or sugar factories are also seasonally unemployed due to the nature of the work.

Cyclical unemployment is a result of the ups and downs in business. For example, an entrepreneur earning high profits might invest them in a startup thus creating employment. But when they start suffering losses, they might reduce the number of workers present in their industries.

Technological unemployment is caused because of the introduction of new technologies that displace manual labor. The adoption of automation in almost every industry has resulted in a loss of economic security for the average man (Ahuja 2014).

Causes of Unemployment

Sociologists have suggested that unemployment is a result of both economic and social factors.

Degrading social status means that many people consider themselves overqualified for certain jobs and thus prefer to remain unemployed. For example, many youths consider teaching in universities to be a prestigious job whereas teaching in a school is looked down upon.

Geographical immobility refers to surplus labor in one location and inadequate labor in another. People may be unable to move to areas with higher job opportunities due to a lack of information, language barriers or family responsibilities. For example, women in rural areas often lose out on paid work because they do not get the opportunity to migrate to cities like their husbands.

Population explosion has led to increased unemployment due to the limited number of job opportunities in the economy. Many people lose out on work due to personal reasons such as lack of education or experience or even illness and disability. The high rates of unemployment increase the dependency on parents to provide for their children and for the government to assume responsibility for them.

The defective education system fails to give importance to primary education and vocational training. The benefits of education are mostly availed only by middle- and high-income youth with access to private schools and universities. The conditions in most government schools are unsuitable for studying and are often a result for many girls to drop out (Ahuja 2014).

Remedial Measures

The Indian government has recognized the issue of unemployment within the country. They have taken many steps in the form of employment generation schemes. The MGNREGA scheme mentioned previously is one major measure. Unemployment cannot be solved by making India more labour-intensive which has been suggested in the past. Instead, the focus should be on educating the youth and making them employable within the upcoming service sector.

Unemployment: Definition, Types, Causes, Solutions and The Way Ahead

As mentioned in the previous section, illiteracy is a major barrier to development since it results in unskilled labor. According to the Census Commission of India, literacy refers to any person who can read and write with understanding in a recognized Indian language. The 2011 census revealed that the literacy rate of India was around 74% with many regional variations and gender disparities. All over India, Kerala has the highest literacy rate and Bihar the lowest.

Measures to Eradicate Illiteracy

Many programs have been introduced by the government in accordance with the education policies of India. A few of these have been mentioned below.

The National Adult Education (NAE) program was introduced in 1978 to promoted education within the age group of 15-35 years. The Rural Functional Literacy (RFL) program is a sub-program of the NAE and was launched in 1986. It aimed at creating awareness among adults about the numerous government schemes they could benefit from. Moreover, it involved student volunteers from universities in teaching adults. Finally, the National Literacy Mission was launched in 1988 by Rajiv Gandhi and aimed at involving volunteer agencies in the mission to educate illiterate persons all over the country (Ahuja 2014).

Caste System

The Indian caste system is based on the cultural features of hierarchy, pollution and purity. It subscribes to the doctrines of Karma and Dharma. The Indian government introduced the category of Scheduled Castes (SCs) to the constitution in 1935. Currently, SCs constitute around 16% of the Indian population. The main issues faced by Dalits are those of untouchability, exploitation, exclusion from religious and educational institutions and social discrimination.

Dalit Empowerment Measures

The government’s approach towards the upliftment of SCs was based on two ideas. The first was to overcome deprivations in terms of education, housing and employment that the SCs have inherited due to their historical exclusion from society. The second was to encourage their participation in the economic, social and political processes of the country.

Protective measures included acts such as the protection of the Civil Rights Act passed in 1976 and the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Prevention of Atrocities Act passed in 1989. Together, these acts protected Dalits from untouchability, discrimination and violence in public places. Reservation policies within educational institutions, government services and political bodies are also a part of protective measures. These ensure adequate participation of SCs in public spheres though they are restricted to only the government sectors.

Development measures were introduced within the educational, economic and social spheres. To increase educational development the government has attempted to include reservations within educational institutions, provide financial support and coaching facilities and emphasized on girls education. Economic empowerment includes distribution of land to landless laborers and implementation of wage labor programs. Finally, social welfare schemes to increase access to sanitation, housing, drinking water and electricity have been introduced by the government (Thorat 2009).

Read: Dalit and Backward Classes Movements

Gendered Violence

Women have always been victims of exploitation and violence within the Indian subcontinent. Violence against women consists of criminal, domestic and social violence. Criminal violence consists of rape, murder, female foeticide and abduction. Domestic violence includes wife battering, dowry deaths and sexual violence. Social violence comprises eve-teasing, inheritance laws favouring men etc.

The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) released that 33,356 cases of rape were reported all over India in 2018. Most of these are instances where the rapist is known to the victim. Moreover, these statistics fail to reveal the high number of rapes that are not even reported by the victim.  Instances of rape cut across geographical locations, class and caste. Female employees are raped by employers, women inmates are raped by superintendents, female patients are raped by hospital staff and domestic helpers by their employers. Within the context of marriage, violence against women becomes harder to navigate. The Indian constitution does not recognize marital rape as a criminal offence (Ahuja 2014).

Measures to Prevent Women’s Harassment

The government in collaboration with volunteer organizations has taken a few steps for the safety of women. Shelters for women suffering from abusive husbands or in-laws have been established. But such accommodations suffer from issues of overcrowding and a lack of financial support. Helplines for women have been publicized by the police in various cities such as New Delhi. Legal institutions that provide free legal assistance to women have also been promoted by the government. But despite all these measures, the most important change that is required to combat women’s harassment is a change in attitude. The patriarchal society of India has oppressed women for too long. This pattern needs to change by taking small steps such as ending victim-blaming for sexual and violent assaults.

Communalism

Communalism refers to attempts to overemphasize the importance of religious identity and stimulate communal violence between different religious groups. Within India, tensions between Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs have been present since the India-Pakistan partition. Muslims, Sikhs and other religious minorities are protected by the Indian constitution under provisions for justice, tolerance, equality and freedom. Despite these provisions, communal violence has been a part of India since independence. The recent case of the Babri Masjid and associated riots is a popular example of religious discord. Violence can take many forms of mass mobilizations, insurgency and riots. Usually, communal violence is more politically motivated than fueled by religion. Hindu- Muslim riots in Andhra Pradesh in 1990 led to more than a hundred deaths (Ahuja 2014).

Prescriptive Measures

India has suffered at the hands of communalism for too long. The government and the citizens must work together towards harmony. Symbolic gestures are not enough for Muslims as they must be empowered through literacy and employment. Secularism must be promoted through education. Moreover, communal minded politicians should be boycotted during elections and the police and military must be sensitized and encouraged to adopt a secular outlook.

This article has covered many social issues faced by Indian citizens on a daily basis. It is essential that such problems be recognized by individuals and governments alike so that they may work together towards a better future.

Ahuja, R. (2014).  Social problems in India . Jaipur: Rawat Publications.

Thorat, S. (2009).  Dalits in India: Search for a common destiny . New Delhi: SAGE Publications India Pvt. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9788132101086.n1

Arushi is a sociology and environmental studies. She is passionate about writing and researching about these two fields. She has a keen interest in social work and has collaborated with many volunteering programs in the past. Her hobbies include horse riding, trekking and painting.

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Essay On Social Issues | Social Issues Essay for Students and Children in English

February 24, 2023 by Prasanna

Essay On Social Issues:  India is a diverse country with people from various walks of life, with different cultural and ethnic backgrounds. There are mostly 9 main religions and various sub-castes in each of them. With 28 states and 8 union territories, India is truly is a glorification of unity in diversity.

But the phrase unity in diversity is usually misconstrued as if everything is hunky-dory in India. There is no country in the world that does not face problems, especially social issues and India is no different. In this essay on social issues, we will be talking about the various social issues that India and many parts of the world face in 2020.

You can read more  Essay Writing  about articles, events, people, sports, technology many more.

Long and Short Essays on Social Issues for Students and Kids in English

You can find below examples of 600-word long essay on social issues and 200-word short essay on social issues in English. This can be used by schoolchildren and students of class 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 for their essay writing, exam, test, assignment and project work.

Long Essay on Social Issues 600 Words in Engllish

India is a country with 28 states and 8 union territories made up of people following 9 main religions and speaking more than 22 languages across the length and breadth of the country. To assume that everything is fine in a country with 140 crore population and so much of diversity is not only illogical but also an unprecedented amount of ignorance on our part.

There are plenty of social issues that India faces and in this essay on social issues, we are going to discuss the main issues pertaining to India

What are the social issues that India faces?

The following are the mainstream social issues that India faces even in 2020

• Communalism: The political class of India has always followed the divide and rule policy. This policy was inherited from the British and is unfortunately followed by the ruling class even today. And what is more unfortunate is people fall into this trap every 5 years during the election time. Dividing people of the basis of caste and communal lines in usually referred to as communalism. Inciting hatred and bigotry between different sections of people by hate-mongering and provocative speeches lead to violence and unrest. India has seen some worst communal riots in recent times like the 1991 Mumbai riots, Ayodhya riots, 2002 Godhra riots and the 2020 Delhi riots.
• Poverty: There are millions of Indin who are BPL (Below Poverty Line) cardholders. While the government has been trying to provide them with food, every government since the time India achieved her independence, has miserably failed to lift people out of poverty. Crores of families in India are daily wage labourers who can easily be trapped into the poverty of they don’t work even for one day. The issue of poverty has been highlighted and been flashed into our faces during the COVID-19 pandemic when the country was under lockdown for 2 months. Millions of people, with lack of livelihood and food, were on the verge of starvation.
• Gender Discrimination: The pay gap between a male and a female employee, lack of adequate representation of female leaders in parliament, dowry harassment, lack of equal opportunities both in private and public sector jobs and social stereotypes and stigmas attached with the concept of gender has been a challenging problem for our country from many years. In spite of a separate ministry formed for empowering women in the country, due to lack of educational and social awareness, women have been mistreated in the country both in public and private spaces.
• Female Foeticide: India has banned the medical facility from disclosing the gender of the baby before its birth. This was a highly required policy in a country where female foeticide is at an all-time high. Killing of babies inside a womb because the gender of the baby is female, is considered to be a crime in the country. And in spite of strict law and order in place, female foeticide continues to exist in India. The reason behind this is a false social stigma associated with girls in the country assuming that girls are a financial and social burden for the parents. Proper educational and awareness, campaigns need to be conducted, especially in rural India to educate people about the importance of a girl child in a family.
• Illiteracy: In spite of providing free primary and secondary education, the illiteracy rate in India is very high. This is especially true in economically backward areas where parents would prefer sending their kids to work and earn money than sending them to school. They feel that school and studying can’t earn them a livelihood. Proper awareness has to be created regarding the importance of education in a child’s life to encourage parents to send their kids to schools.
• Corruption: From 2g scam to CWG scam and Satyam Scam, India has seen corruption scandal, both in public and private sector, worth thousands of crores. Corruption has slowed down our economic prosperity and resulted in a lot of black money stashed abroad. Corruption has impacted the development of India. Proper policies and laws should be in place to stop and reduce corruption in India.

Short Essay on Social Issues 200 Words in English

Find below a 200-word short essay on social issues in English. This can be used by schoolchildren and students of classes 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 for their essay writing, exam, test, assignment and project work.

Social issues are those issues in a country that proves harm to its social and cultural fabric. Gender discrimination, racism, female infanticide, communalism and hatred are some of the burning social issues in certain countries. But when we consider the planet as a whole, global warming, climate change, deforestation, terrorism, plastic explosion, population expansion and racism can be considered as few burning issues that require international communities to come together to find a long-lasting, solid and a robust solution.

No country exists is without any social issues. Certain social issues can change the course and dynamics of a country or a whole community. Racism created a strong movement and produced revolutionary and visionary leaders like Nelson Mandela. Corruption scandals like the Watergate scandal change the politics of America and communalism issues like the Ram Janma Bhoomi-Babri Masjid case changed the secular fabric of India.

Now that we are in the 21st century, the people have to rise above the hate and bigotry in society and solve the social issues, along with the help of the government, for a prosperous and a better tomorrow for our next generation.

10 Lines on Social Issues Essay

• Social issues are a problem that influences the common citizen of a country.
• Social issues can be part of our traditions and cultural stereotypes.
• Every country in the world faces different social issues like racism, global warming, corruption or illiteracy
• More than 29% of Indians live in poverty.
• Few of the burning social issues in India are communalism, racism, gender discrimination and corruption.
• Social issues, if not resolved, can lead to violence and anarchy.
• In 21st centre, digital bullying and online harassment is a new form of social issue.
• Privacy concerns, snooping and hacking are other social issues that have popped up due to the advent of the internet around the world.
• Starvation is one of the most horrifying and brutal social issues that humanity faces.
• Economic inequality leads to poverty.

FAQ’s on Essay On Social Issues

Question 1. What are the main social issues in India?

Answer: Corruption, illiteracy, communalism and poverty are the main social issues in India

Question 2. IS COVID-19 pandemic a social issue?

Answer: Since coronavirus has affected our lives world over, it is the number one social issue that each and every country is facing today

Question 3. When is the world’s day of social justice?

Answer: February 20th is celebrated as the world day of social justice every year

Question 4. Which social issue can be the end of the world?

Answer: Nuclear was and race for nuclear armaments between countries is one big social issue that is capable of ending the world as we know it

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Social Issues in India: Current Trends and Analysis

India is a country rich in diversity, but it also faces numerous social challenges. These issues, ranging from gender inequality to healthcare access, affect millions of lives and require urgent attention. Understanding these social problems is essential for fostering a fair and just society. This article explores current trends and analyses various social issues in India, highlighting their impact and the steps being taken to address them.

Key Takeaways

• The caste system continues to influence social dynamics, creating barriers for many individuals.
• Gender inequality remains a pressing issue, with women facing discrimination in various sectors.
• Poverty is a major concern, with significant differences between rural and urban areas.
• Access to healthcare is limited for many, contributing to rising mental health issues.
• Education disparities persist, affecting literacy rates and overall societal progress.

Caste System and Social Stratification

Historical context and evolution.

The caste system in India has deep historical roots, originating from ancient Hindu society. Traditionally, society was divided into four main categories: Brahmins (priests), Kshatriyas (warriors), Vaishyas (traders), and Shudras (laborers). Over time, this system evolved into a complex hierarchy, leading to significant social stratification. Today, the caste system still influences many aspects of life in India.

Impact on Modern Society

The caste system continues to affect social interactions and opportunities. Many people face discrimination based on their caste, particularly those from Scheduled Castes (SCs). Here are some key impacts:

• Discrimination in education and employment.
• Limited access to resources and opportunities.
• Social tensions and conflicts.

Government Policies and Reforms

To address caste-based discrimination, the Indian government has implemented various policies:

• Reservation policies in education and jobs for SCs and Other Backward Classes (OBCs).
• Legal measures against untouchability and caste discrimination.
• Awareness programs to promote social equality.

The caste system remains a significant challenge for India’s social fabric, affecting millions and hindering national integration.

Gender Inequality and Women’s Rights

Workplace discrimination.

Gender inequality in India is a significant issue, especially in the workplace. Women often face discrimination when seeking jobs or promotions. Many women are paid less than their male counterparts for the same work. This disparity is evident in various sectors, including technology, healthcare, and education.

• Women contribute only 17% to India’s GDP, which is less than half of the global average.
• According to the 2017-18 Economic Survey, there are 63 million missing women in India due to foeticide and infanticide.

Gender-Based Violence

Gender-based violence remains a critical concern in India. Despite laws aimed at protecting women, such as those against rape and dowry, these discriminatory practices continue to occur at alarming rates. Women often feel unsafe in public spaces and at home.

• The Indian government has launched the ‘Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao’ initiative to combat gender discrimination.
• The Sexual Harassment at Workplace Act was enacted in 2013 to protect women’s rights in any job.

Government Initiatives for Women’s Empowerment

The government has taken several steps to empower women and address gender inequality.

• Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao: A campaign aimed at saving and educating the girl child.
• Triple Talaq Bill: This law makes all forms of talaq null and void, promoting equality in marriage.
• Awareness Programs: The government conducts programs to change societal attitudes towards women.

Addressing gender inequality is essential for India’s progress. When women thrive, society as a whole benefits.

In conclusion, while there are laws and initiatives in place, the fight against gender inequality in India is ongoing. Awareness and education are crucial in changing mindsets and ensuring women’s rights are respected and upheld.

Poverty and Economic Disparities

Rural vs urban poverty.

In India, the difference between rural and urban poverty is significant. Rural areas often face higher poverty rates due to limited job opportunities and resources. Almost half of the rural population lacks basic amenities like clean water and proper sanitation. In contrast, urban areas, while still facing poverty, have more access to jobs and services.

Government Poverty Alleviation Programs

The Indian government has implemented several programs to combat poverty, including:

• Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) : This program guarantees 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to every rural household.
• Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) : Aimed at providing housing for the rural poor.
• Public Distribution System (PDS) : Distributes essential food items at subsidized rates to low-income families.

Impact of Economic Policies

Economic policies in India have had mixed results on poverty levels. While some policies have helped reduce poverty, others have led to increased inequality. For instance, the Pew Research Institute’s March 2021 report indicated that the number of poor people in India increased by 75 million , while the middle class shrank by 32 million. This highlights the need for more effective policies to address economic disparities.

The gap between the rich and the poor continues to widen, making it essential for the government to focus on inclusive growth strategies.

Healthcare Challenges in India

Access to healthcare services.

Access to healthcare in India is a significant issue. Many people, especially in rural areas, struggle to get the medical help they need. The healthcare industry in India is vast, but it is not evenly distributed. Here are some key points:

• Limited facilities in rural areas
• High costs of treatment in urban centers
• Lack of awareness about available services

Mental Health Issues

Mental health is often overlooked in India. Many people suffer in silence due to stigma. According to recent studies, a large percentage of the population faces mental health challenges. Here are some statistics:

• 10.6% of adults have mental disorders
• Treatment gaps range from 70% to 92% for various conditions
• Mental health issues lead to economic losses due to absenteeism and reduced productivity

Government Healthcare Initiatives

The Indian government has launched several programs to improve healthcare access and quality. Some of these initiatives include:

• Ayushman Bharat : A health insurance scheme for the poor
• National Health Mission : Focuses on improving healthcare services
• Mental Health Policy : Aims to address mental health issues

The Indian hospital industry accounts for 80% of the total healthcare system in India and is expected to touch US$ 132 billion by 2023.

In conclusion, while there are many challenges in the healthcare sector, ongoing government initiatives aim to improve access and quality for all citizens.

Education System and Literacy Rates

Quality of education.

The education system in India has made significant strides, but challenges remain. Quality education is essential for the country’s development. Many schools, especially in rural areas, lack basic facilities and trained teachers. This leads to a disparity in educational outcomes between urban and rural students.

Disparities in Educational Access

There are notable differences in access to education based on geography and gender. For instance, the literacy rate in urban areas was 87.7%, while in rural areas, it was only 73.5%. This gap highlights the need for targeted interventions to improve educational access for all.

Government Education Policies

The Indian government has implemented various policies to enhance education, such as:

• Right to Education Act : Ensures free and compulsory education for children aged 6 to 14.
• National Education Policy (NEP) : Aims to make education more inclusive and accessible.
• Mid-Day Meal Scheme : Provides meals to improve attendance and nutritional standards in schools.

The education system in India is evolving, but it still faces challenges that need urgent attention to ensure that every child has access to quality education.

Literacy Rates

The literacy rate in India has improved over the years, but disparities persist. Here’s a brief overview:

Efforts to bridge the gap in literacy rates are ongoing, but more work is needed to ensure that all children, regardless of their background, can achieve their full potential.

Environmental Issues and Sustainability

Air and water pollution.

Air and water pollution are major environmental challenges in India. These issues affect the health of millions of people. The air quality in many cities is often below safe levels, leading to respiratory problems. Water pollution from industrial waste and sewage is also a significant concern, impacting drinking water sources and aquatic life.

Climate Change Impact

India is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Rising temperatures and erratic rainfall patterns threaten agriculture, which is vital for the economy. The country faces increased risks of floods, droughts, and heatwaves, which can lead to food insecurity and displacement of communities.

Government Environmental Policies

The Indian government has implemented various policies to address these environmental challenges. Some key initiatives include:

• National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) : Aims to reduce air pollution in cities.
• Swachh Bharat Mission : Focuses on sanitation and waste management to improve water quality.
• National Biodiversity Action Plan : Aims to protect India’s rich biodiversity and ecosystems.

The government’s efforts are crucial in combating pollution and promoting sustainability.

Religious and Ethnic Conflicts

Historical background.

India is known for its rich tapestry of cultures and religions. However, this diversity has also led to conflicts over the years. The historical roots of these conflicts can be traced back to colonial times when divisions were often exacerbated by foreign rulers. Religious tensions have often flared up, leading to violence and unrest.

Impact on Social Cohesion

The ongoing conflicts have a significant impact on social harmony. Communities often find themselves divided along religious and ethnic lines, which can lead to:

• Increased mistrust among different groups
• Disruption of community life
• Economic setbacks due to violence

Government Measures to Promote Harmony

To address these issues, the Indian government has implemented various measures aimed at promoting peace and unity. Some of these include:

• Legislation against hate speech
• Community engagement programs
• Educational initiatives to promote tolerance

The government recognizes that fostering a sense of unity is essential for the country’s progress.

In recent years, there have been reports of increased violence against religious sites, particularly during times of heightened tensions. For instance, most of the attacks against religious sites were reported to have taken place in the first few days of the conflict, when the interethnic violence was at its peak. This highlights the urgent need for effective measures to ensure safety and promote understanding among diverse communities.

Urbanization and Its Social Impact

Urbanization is a significant trend in India, with half of India’s population expected to live in urban areas by 2031. This shift brings both opportunities and challenges.

Growth of Urban Settlements

Urban areas are expanding rapidly due to migration from rural regions. People move to cities in search of better jobs and living conditions. This growth can lead to:

• Increased economic opportunities
• Enhanced access to services
• Cultural exchange

However, it also results in overcrowding and strain on resources.

Slums and Informal Housing

As cities grow, many people end up living in slums. These areas often lack basic amenities like clean water and sanitation. The challenges include:

• Poor living conditions
• Limited access to healthcare
• High rates of unemployment

Urban Planning and Development

Effective urban planning is crucial to manage the rapid growth of cities. Key strategies include:

• Developing affordable housing
• Improving public transportation
• Ensuring access to essential services

Urbanization can drive realty growth, but it requires careful planning to ensure sustainable development.

In conclusion, while urbanization offers many benefits, it also poses significant challenges that need to be addressed to create a better living environment for all.

Social Movements and Change

Women’s movements.

Women’s movements in India have played a crucial role in advocating for gender equality and women’s rights. These movements focus on various issues, including:

• Workplace discrimination
• Gender-based violence
• Access to education and healthcare

These movements have led to significant changes in laws and societal attitudes towards women.

Dalit Movements

The Dalit movements aim to address the injustices faced by the Dalit community, which has historically been marginalized. Key aspects include:

• Assertion of Dalit identity
• Campaigns against caste discrimination
• Advocacy for social justice and equality

These movements have been instrumental in raising awareness and pushing for reforms in various sectors.

Environmental Movements

Environmental movements in India focus on issues like pollution and climate change. They aim to promote sustainable practices and protect natural resources. Important points include:

• Community-led initiatives
• Advocacy for government policies on sustainability
• Awareness campaigns about environmental issues

Social movements are essential for driving change and addressing inequalities in society. They empower marginalized groups and promote a more just society.

Youth and Employment Issues

Unemployment rates.

Unemployment is a major issue for young people in India. The state of youth employment in India is concerning, with many educated young individuals struggling to find jobs. The unemployment rate reached 8.10% in February 2022, which is quite high for a country of India’s size. This situation is particularly severe for young women, who face additional barriers in the job market.

Skill Development Programs

To tackle these challenges, the government has initiated several skill development programs aimed at enhancing employability among the youth. Some key initiatives include:

• Skill India Mission : Aims to train over 400 million people in various skills by 2022.
• Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) : Provides financial support for skill training.
• National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme : Encourages employers to engage apprentices.

Government Employment Initiatives

The government has also launched various employment initiatives to create job opportunities. These include:

• Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) : Provides at least 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to every rural household.
• Start-Up India : Encourages entrepreneurship among the youth by providing funding and mentorship.
• Digital India : Aims to create jobs in the IT sector and improve digital literacy.

The youth of India are crucial for the country’s future, and addressing employment issues is essential for sustainable growth.

Impact of Technology on Society

Digital divide.

The digital divide refers to the gap between those who have easy access to digital technology and those who do not. This divide can lead to unequal opportunities in education and employment. Access to technology is crucial for social progress.

• Urban vs. Rural Access : Urban areas often have better internet connectivity compared to rural regions.
• Economic Factors : People from lower economic backgrounds may struggle to afford devices or internet services.
• Educational Disparities : Students in tech-rich environments have a significant advantage over those without access.

Role of Social Media

Social media platforms have transformed how people communicate and share information. They can foster community engagement but also spread misinformation. Social media plays a dual role in society.

• Facilitates connections among diverse groups.
• Provides a platform for social movements.
• Increases awareness of social issues.
• Can lead to cyberbullying and harassment.
• Misinformation can spread rapidly.
• Privacy concerns are prevalent.

Government Policies on Technology

The Indian government has implemented various policies to promote technology use in society. These initiatives aim to bridge the digital divide and enhance access to technology.

• Digital India Initiative : Aims to transform India into a digitally empowered society.
• Skill Development Programs : Focus on training youth in technology-related fields.
• E-Governance : Enhances transparency and efficiency in government services.

The impact of new and emerging technology on economic development in India is beginning to allow industries to rebuild the country’s economic status in a post-COVID world.

In conclusion, technology has a profound impact on society, influencing everything from communication to economic development. Addressing the digital divide and ensuring equitable access to technology is essential for fostering a more inclusive society.

Crime and Public Safety

Violence against women.

Violence against women remains a significant issue in India. In recent years, there has been a growing awareness of this problem. Many women face harassment and violence in various forms, including domestic abuse and sexual assault. The government has implemented several laws to protect women’s rights, but enforcement remains a challenge.

With the rise of technology, cybercrime has become a major concern. Cyberbullying, identity theft, and online harassment are on the rise. The government is working to strengthen laws and create awareness about online safety. In 2024, the overall crime rate was reported at 445.9 incidents per 100,000 people, showing a slight decrease of 0.56% compared to 2023.

Law Enforcement Challenges

Law enforcement agencies face numerous challenges in maintaining public safety. Some of these challenges include:

• Limited resources and manpower
• Corruption within the system
• Lack of training for officers

Addressing these challenges is crucial for improving public safety and trust in law enforcement.

Summary Table of Crime Statistics

In conclusion, while there are ongoing efforts to combat crime and improve public safety in India, significant challenges remain. Continuous reforms and community involvement are essential for creating a safer society.

When it comes to crime and public safety, staying informed is key. Understanding local issues can help you make better choices and keep your community safe. For more insights and resources, visit our website today!

In summary, social issues in India are complex and deeply rooted in the country’s history and culture. From education and health to gender equality and caste discrimination, these challenges affect millions of lives. While the government has made strides in addressing these problems, much work remains to be done. It is crucial for society to come together to find solutions that promote equality and justice for all. By focusing on education, healthcare, and social reforms, India can pave the way for a brighter future. Everyone has a role to play in this journey towards a more inclusive society.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the main social issues facing india today.

Some of the biggest social problems in India include poverty, pollution, illiteracy, corruption, gender inequality, and violence against women.

How does the caste system affect Indian society?

The caste system creates social divisions that can lead to discrimination and inequality, affecting people’s opportunities and rights.

What steps is the government taking to improve women’s rights?

The government has launched initiatives like ‘Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao’ to promote education and safety for girls and women.

What are the challenges related to healthcare in India?

Access to healthcare is a major issue, with many people lacking basic services, especially in rural areas.

How does poverty impact education in India?

Poverty often prevents children from attending school, leading to high dropout rates and low literacy levels.

What role does urbanization play in social issues?

Urbanization leads to overcrowding, slums, and inadequate infrastructure, which can worsen living conditions for many.

What are the effects of pollution on public health?

Pollution contributes to serious health problems, including respiratory issues and other diseases, affecting many lives.

How can social movements influence change in India?

Social movements raise awareness and advocate for rights, helping to bring about reforms and policy changes.

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Essay On Social Issues

500 words essay on social issues.

Social Issues is an undesirable state which opposes society or a certain part of society. It refers to an unwanted situation that frequently results in problems and continues to harm society . Social issues can cause a lot of problems that can be beyond the control of just one person. Through an essay on social issues, we will learn why they are harmful and what types of social issues we face.

Drawbacks of Social Issues

Social issues have a lot of drawbacks that harms our society. They are situations that have an adverse and damaging result on our society. They arise when the public leaves nature or society from an ideal situation.

If you look closely, you will realize that almost all types of social issues have common origins. In the sense that they all are interconnected somehow. Meaning to say, if one solves the other one is also most likely to resolve.

Social issues have a massive lousy effect on our society and ultimately, it affects all of us. In order to solve some social issues, we need a common approach. No society is free from social issues, almost every one of them has some social issue or the other.

For instance, in India, you will find a lot of social issues which the country is facing. It ranges from the caste system to child labour and gender inequality to religious conflicts. Thus, we are going through a critical time where we all must come together to free our society from undesirable social evils.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Major Social Issues

There are a lot of social issues we are facing right now, some more prominent than the others. First of all, poverty is a worldwide issue. It gives birth to a lot of other social issues which we must try to get away with at the earliest.

Further, countries like India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and more are facing the issue of the caste system since times unknown. It results in a lot of caste violence and inequality which takes the lives of many on a daily basis.

Moreover, child labour is another major social issue that damages the lives of young children. Similarly, illiteracy also ruins the lives of many by destroying their chances of a bright future.

In developing countries mostly, child marriage still exists and is responsible for ruining many lives. Similarly, dowry is a very serious and common social issue that almost all classes of people partake in.

Another prominent social issue is gender inequality which takes away many opportunities from deserving people. Domestic violence especially against women is a serious social issue we must all fight against.

Other social issues include starvation, child sex abuse, religious conflicts, child trafficking, terrorism , overpopulation, untouchability, communalism and many more. It is high time we end these social issues.

Conclusion of the Essay on Social Issues

A society can successfully end social issues if they become adamant. These social issues act as a barrier to the progress of society. Thus, we must all come together to fight against them and put them to an end for the greater good.

FAQ on Essay on Social Issues

Question 1: What is the meaning of social problem?

Answer 1: A social problem refers to any condition or behaviour which has a negative impact on a large number of people. It is normally recognized as a condition or behaviour that needs to be addressed.

Question 2: What are the effects of social issues?

Answer 2: Social issues affect our society adversely. Most importantly, it disturbs the harmony of society and gives rise to hostility and suspicion. Moreover, it creates large-scale social dissatisfaction, suffering and misery.

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Essay on Contemporary Problems Of Indian Society

Students are often asked to write an essay on Contemporary Problems Of Indian Society in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Contemporary Problems Of Indian Society

Introduction.

India is a diverse country with different cultures and religions. This diversity adds to the richness of the society but also brings certain challenges. Some of the contemporary problems that Indian society faces include poverty, unemployment, corruption, and gender inequality.

Poverty is a major problem in India. Many people do not have enough money to meet their basic needs. They lack proper food, shelter, and clothing. This leads to malnutrition and health issues. The government is trying to reduce poverty through various programs, but the problem persists.

Unemployment

Unemployment is another major issue. Many people, especially the youth, are unable to find jobs. This is due to lack of skills and opportunities. Unemployment leads to frustration and can sometimes result in crime. The government is working on skill development programs to address this issue.

Corruption is a widespread problem in India. It affects all levels of society and hinders the country’s development. People often have to pay bribes to get their work done. This leads to a loss of faith in the system. Anti-corruption measures are being taken, but the problem remains.

Gender Inequality

Gender inequality is another major problem. Women often face discrimination in various fields. They are denied equal opportunities in education and employment. This hampers their growth and development. Efforts are being made to empower women and promote gender equality.

These are some of the contemporary problems of Indian society. Addressing these issues is crucial for the progress of the country. It requires collective efforts from the government, society, and individuals. Despite these challenges, India continues to grow and develop, showing resilience and determination.

250 Words Essay on Contemporary Problems Of Indian Society

India, a diverse country with rich cultural heritage, faces several contemporary problems. These issues impact the growth and development of the country. Let’s discuss some of these problems.

Poverty is a big issue in India. Many people in India do not have enough money to buy food, clothes, or even a place to live. The government is trying to fix this problem, but it is not easy. Poverty leads to other problems like poor health and lack of education.

Education System

India’s education system faces a lot of issues. Many schools lack basic facilities and the quality of education is not up to mark. Moreover, many children in rural areas do not get to go to school. This is a big problem because education is necessary for the progress of a country.

Corruption is another major problem in India. It means that people in power use their position wrongly to gain personal benefits. This is not good for the growth of the country. It affects the trust of people in the government.

Gender inequality is a problem that exists in India. Women often do not get the same opportunities as men. They face discrimination in many areas like education, job, and home. This is not fair and needs to change.

In conclusion, these are some of the contemporary problems faced by Indian society. It is important to address these issues to ensure a better future for the country. Everyone, including the government and citizens, should work together to solve these problems.

500 Words Essay on Contemporary Problems Of Indian Society

India, a country known for its rich cultural heritage and diversity, is also grappling with several societal issues. These problems, while being complex and multifaceted, are a part of India’s contemporary society. This essay will highlight some of the pressing issues that Indian society faces today.

One of the biggest problems that India faces today is poverty. Despite significant economic growth, a large section of the Indian population still lives below the poverty line. Lack of access to basic needs like food, clean water, and shelter is a daily struggle for many. Poverty also leads to other problems like malnutrition and poor health.

Illiteracy is another major issue that hampers the progress of Indian society. Although the government has made education free and compulsory for children aged 6 to 14, many children are still out of school. The quality of education in rural areas is also poor compared to urban areas. Illiteracy leads to unemployment and poverty, creating a vicious cycle that is hard to break.

Gender inequality is a deep-rooted issue in Indian society. Women often face discrimination in various forms, including unequal pay, lack of education, and limited job opportunities. They are also subjected to social evils like dowry and child marriage. Although there are laws to protect women’s rights, their enforcement is often lacking.

Corruption is a widespread problem in India, affecting various sectors like education, healthcare, and politics. It hampers the country’s development and creates an uneven playing field. Many government initiatives aimed at improving the lives of the people are often misused due to corruption.

Casteism is a unique problem to Indian society. Despite laws against caste discrimination, it still persists in many parts of the country. Lower caste individuals often face discrimination and are denied access to resources and opportunities.

These are just a few of the problems that Indian society faces today. Tackling these issues requires a concerted effort from the government, civil society, and individuals. Education and awareness can play a crucial role in addressing these problems. While the road ahead may be challenging, with collective effort and determination, a more equitable and just Indian society can be achieved.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

• Essay on Contemporary Issues
• Essay on Consumer Rights
• Essay on Consumer Culture

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

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• IAS Preparation
• UPSC Preparation Strategy
• Social Issues In India

Social Issues in India - Major Classifications

Social issues in India are in plenty and they need to be addressed systematically to achieve social justice and economic justice to all the citizens of India. The founding fathers of India were keen on addressing the social issues of India by framing the constitution accordingly. Information on the major social issues will help the aspirants of the IAS Exam .

Classification of Social Issues

The below table gives a broad classification of major social issues in India.

Gender Issues

The details of 3 major gender issues are given below.

• As per the report of the Economic Survey 2017-18, there are 63 million missing women in India.
• Missing women are women who are not alive due to foeticide or infanticide.
• As per the World Economic Forum, India is ranked very low at 87th position in the “Global Gender Parity Report.”
• Indian Government launched the ‘Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao’ scheme to address the problem of the gender gap.
• The government has been carrying out information campaigns to address the problems by bringing in behavioural change in society.

Read about Gender Inequality in India in the linked article.

Triple Talaq

• Many Muslim-majority countries have banned triple talaq.
• To bring equality and justice to women, the Government of India has passed the Triple Talaq Bill, henceforth all declarations of talaq including written and electronic forms will be null and void.

Use the information given in the Triple Talaq Essay to substantiate your answers in the Mains exam.

Sexual Harassment at Workplace

• The government passed the Sexual Harassment at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act in 2013.
• It aims to protect the rights of women in any workplace in any capacity.

Learn in detail about Sexual Harassment at the Workplace in the linked article.

Poverty Report

• As per the World Bank Brookings Institute report, as of May 2018, there are only 73 million people in the poorest of the poor index.
• As per the report, 44 people in India are taken out of poverty every minute.
• If the growth continues at the same pace, then 50 million people will move out of poverty by 2022.
• India is no longer the country with the highest poverty.

Read about Poverty-related topics from the links given below:

Caste Related Issues

The details of caste-related issues are given below .

Lynchings because of caste-related issues occur in the country. There was no specific section to handle mob lynchings under the IPC but under the new Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, there is a provision for life imprisonment or death for such a crime. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita “adds murder or grievous hurt by five or more people on specified grounds, as an offence. These grounds include race, caste, sex, language, or personal belief. The punishment for such murder is life imprisonment or death”.

Information and Broadcasting Advisory

• Information and Broadcasting Ministry has issued an advisory that the word ‘Dalit’ can no longer be used, this is as per the directive of the Bombay High Court and Madhya Pradesh High Courts. This is because the word found no mention in the Constitution of India or any statute.
• There was another directive from the Social Justice and Empowerment Ministry to use only the term ‘Scheduled Castes’.

Implications of Caste Census

• The next caste census will take place in 2021, the problems associated with it is that it will encourage caste-based politics rather than concentrating on developmental activities. Also, there will be strong sentiments for or against reservations.

This is also one of the major social issues in India. The details are given below.

Changing Pattern of Migration

• As per recent reports, the number of women migrating in India is increasing at a faster pace than men. Marriage continues to play an important role in the migration of women; however, now other economic factors like employment, business, and education are also playing an important role in migration.

Know about Migration from India’s context in the linked article.

Plight of Migrants

• There has been an increase in violence against migrants coming to a state from different parts of the country.
• Lack of job opportunities for the locals has led to growing resentment against the migrants who are dubbed ‘outsiders’

Learn the challenges of migration that are mentioned in the linked article.

A country’s sustainable progress is dependent on the availability of healthy human resources. With a deteriorating environment and unhealthy lifestyle, health is turning out to be one of the major social issues in India.

Impact of Air Pollution

• As per the India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative report, India faces 26% of the world’s premature deaths and disease burden due to air pollution.
• 1 in 8 deaths in India was attributed to air pollution, which makes it a leading risk factor for death.
• Poor air quality is responsible for heart ailments as well.

Campaign against Drugs

• The drug menace is extremely severe in Punjab.
• Punjab’s prisons are overcrowded with drug users and peddlers.
• Punjab set up a Special Task Force to tackle the menace.

Substance Abuse in India

• As per a recent report released by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, India has 6 crore alcohol addicts
• More than 3 crore Indians are using cannabis products.
• 8.5 lakh people in India inject drugs.

Know the relevant facts about Drug Abuse in India from the linked article.

Other Issues

Increasing Youth Suicides

• As per reports from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) between 2014 and 2016; 26,476 students committed suicide in India. Of these around 7,500 committed suicide due to failure in various examinations.
• The main blame lies with India’s education system.
• The education system has not been able to generate enough jobs.

Social Issues in India- UPSC Notes:- Download PDF Here

The above details would help candidates prepare for  UPSC 2024 .

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