abd phd candidate

All But Dissertation (ABD) Status 😬

A Plain-Language Explainer + Guide For Stuck Students

By: Derek Jansen (MBA) | Expert Reviewer: Dr. Eunice Rautenbach | April 2024

When it comes to completing a PhD or doctoral degree, “all but dissertation” (or ABD) is all too often the danger zone for candidates. In this post, we’ll explore what it means to be ABD , look at the factors that contribute to students finding themselves in this position, and offer practical suggestions to help you navigate (or altogether avoid) ABD. 

Overview: All But Dissertation (ABD)

• What exactly is ABD?
• Why do students get stuck?
• How to avoid or escape ABD status
• Common questions about ABD

What Does “All But Dissertation” Mean?

As the name suggests, “all but dissertation” or ABD describes a PhD or doctoral-level candidate who’s completed all the necessary coursework and passed all relevant exams, but has not yet submitted and defended their dissertation or thesis (in which case, it’s called “All But Thesis”). In essence, it’s a form of academic purgatory – so close to the finish line, yet so far.

To be clear, achieving ABD status is no small feat – if you’ve made it this far, you’ve likely already conquered years of rigorous study, challenging exams, and the general academic torment that accompanies postgraduate-level study. So, pat yourself on the back. However, the challenge now is to push yourself past the plateau and complete your dissertation. Easier said than done, we know…

Need a helping hand?

Why Do Students Get Stuck?

Over the years, we’ve had many ABD students approach us for help in the form of private coaching . While everyone’s situation is unique, we’ve seen some patterns in terms of the underlying factors that contribute towards students getting stuck in the all but dissertation holding pattern.

Let’s unpack some of the most common contributing factors, after which we’ll discuss some practical measures you can take to mitigate them.

ABD Factor 1: Procrastination & Poor Time Management

Writing a dissertation requires a huge commitment of time and energy . Naturally, many students struggle with procrastination and/or poor time management, making it hard for them to maintain the consistent progress needed to conquer the dissertation mountain.

This is often exacerbated by a general lack of structure in terms of their approach. Without the routine of regular classes and clearly defined deadlines, students often derail and find themselves burning a lot of time on relatively low-value activities. In other words, they find themselves very “busy”, but not very productive.

ABD Factor 2: Supervision Issues & Social Isolation

As we’ve discussed before , maintaining high-quality engagement with your research supervisor is critically important throughout the dissertation process. It’s no surprise then that conflicts or a general lack of support from an advisor can significantly delay or even stall students’ progress . As the relationship erodes further and further, students lose more and more momentum, eventually grinding to a dead halt.

Related to this dynamic, a feeling of isolation and loneliness can often creep in over the months or years. This puts a major drag on students’ general feelings of well-being, further contributing to a l oss of momentum . In a nutshell, a lack of high-quality, productive relationships is a major contributing factor to getting stuck in all but dissertation status.

ABD Factor 3: Academic Burnout & Research Roadblocks

After years of intense study and research, some students will experience burnout. This feeling of mental and physical exhaustion then impedes their ability to complete their dissertation or thesis, and dampens their motivation to push on with the project. In other words, they burn out and lose the passion and enthusiasm they had at the start of their PhD journey.

At the same time, it’s not uncommon for students to encounter unexpected problems in their research . Quite often, we see students facing difficulties with data collection, changes in research direction, or challenges in interpreting results. These are par for the course in the research process, but dealing with them in an already burnt-out state is often just too large a rock to push up the mountain.

ABD Factor 4: Funding Issues

In many cases, doctoral programmes offer funding for a specific period of time (often 3-5 years). However, completing all the requirements for a PhD can sometimes take longer. When the funding runs out before the dissertation is completed, students face the challenge of supporting themselves financially while they finish their research work. As you’d expect, this leads to increased stress and oftentimes forces students to take on part-time or full-time jobs, which can significantly slow down their academic progress and get them stuck in ABD.

ABD Factor 5: Perfectionism

This list wouldn’t be complete without mentioning the treacherous trait of perfectionism. All too often, we see hardworking doctoral candidates struggle with perfectionism, feeling that their dissertation or thesis is never good enough to submit. This can lead to a cycle where students continually revise their work, never feeling satisfied enough to consider it complete.

Given that a dissertation is a substantial and defining piece of work, the desire to produce something flawless can be particularly paralysing . Perfectionism can also then feed intro procrastination (which we discussed earlier), creating a vicious cycle of inaction.

Of course, these are just a handful of common contributors to students landing up in all but dissertation land – there are many other potential factors that can come into play. However, if you want to move past ABD status (or avoid it altogether), you’ll want to take a proactive stance to combat these issues.

How To Break Through The ABD Barrier

Whether you’re currently stuck in ABD or you’re just starting the dissertation stage and want to make sure you don’t hit a scholarly standstill, there are several simple but effective actions you can take to conquer the proverbial Mount Thesis.

Action 1: Establish A Well-Defined Routine

Creating a clearly defined daily routine is crucial for making steady progress on your dissertation. By setting aside specific times each day for writing and research, you can mimic the structured setting of coursework, which will help you maintain focus and productivity.

In practical terms, you’ll want to articulate a clear daily schedule of well-defined activities. Put these into your calendar and perhaps even consider using a time-tracking app such as Toggl Track . Also, it’s a good idea to find a consistent working location that’s free from distractions, so that you can cultivate an environment conducive to deep work.

In addition to maintaining a firm daily routine, you’ll also want to regularly assess your progress . So, take some time each week to review what you have accomplished, what you haven’t – and adjust your plans accordingly for the week ahead. This regular check-in will help keep you on track and prevent feelings of overwhelm.

Action 2: Set Realistic Goals (And Action Plans)

Setting realistic, achievable goals is key to making consistent progress and avoiding the dreaded all but dissertation limbo. To this end, it’s wise to begin by outlining the major milestones you need to achieve and then break these down into smaller , highly specific tasks. For example, instead of setting a goal to ‘write a chapter,’ you might set a goal to ‘write the introduction section of chapter one.’ This approach makes the task seem less daunting and more attainable.

With your goals set, you’ll then need to develop an action plan to achieve them. In other words, you need to define which specific actions you’ll take day in, day out to achieve each goal. It pays to get very specific here – for each goal, consider what exactly you’ll need to do, how much time it will take, what resources you’ll need, whose input you’ll require and so on. The more granular you get at this stage, the less chance of nasty surprises catching you off guard down the line.

A final thought on goals and goal setting. It’s important to celebrate your victories as you achieve them, no matter how small they might be. Recognise each task you complete and allow yourself to bask in a moment of pride. Ticking items off your to-do list is a simple practice, but this positive reinforcement can be incredibly motivating and will help you maintain a positive outlook throughout the dissertation process.

Action 3: Invest In Your Advisory Relationship

When it comes to conquering your dissertation or thesis, maintaining a strong working relationship with your advisor is critically important. In fact, we’d go so far as to say that it’s the number one defence against getting stuck in all but dissertation mode. Making a concerted effort to grow this relationship pays significant dividends.

In practical terms, aim to have structured, regular meetings where you discuss your progress, challenges, and the next steps in your research. Being prepared with specific talking points or questions will make these meetings more productive – but it will also demonstrate to your advisor that you value their time and take the process seriously .

As an overarching philosophy, try to always put your best foot forward when engaging with your advisor. Don’t be the student who constantly whines and moans about every little obstacle. Bring potential solutions to the table – not just problems. Simply put, make yourself an attractive student to work with and you’re much more likely to have an invested advisor on your side.

Action 4: Build A Support Network

Building a strong network of peers and colleagues is key to mitigating the feelings of loneliness and isolation that will invariably present themselves during the research journey. While you must (by design) travel down a narrow, lonely path in terms of the intellectual focus, it doesn’t need to be a lonely path psychologically and socially.

To build a network, a good starting point is to engage with fellow PhD candidates in your department – or if need be, in other departments. You can also consider attending academic conferences and participating in online forums related to your research area. These interactions not only provide social support but can also lead to new insights and ideas for your own dissertation. Again, while everyone’s research focus will be unique, the experience (and its associated challenges) will be very similar across the board.

If you are fortunate enough to connect with candidates within your specific research area, you might also consider forming a study group where members can share their progress and provide feedback on each other’s work. Naturally, this collective approach can help you maintain motivation and reduce the sense of isolation.

Action 5: Be Proactive About Burnout

A surefire way to secure all but dissertation status is to burn yourself out midway through the research process. So, keep an eye out for common burnout warning signs such as chronic fatigue, disillusionment, and decreased productivity .

If you spot these red flags, you’ll need to take proactive steps to reduce your risk of hurtling over the edge and completely flattening yourself. In practical terms, this could include setting more reasonable work hours, ensuring you take time off for relaxation, and engaging in hobbies and exercise. Don’t underestimate the power of a little exercise – oftentimes, a little time away from the screen can do wonders for your writing.

If you find yourself already thoroughly burnt out, consider seeking professional help such as counselling or therapy. In some cases, universities themselves offer resources for stress management and mental health support. So, be sure to check what’s available to you.

Action 6: Say Farewell To Perfectionism

To move past ABD (or, ideally, avoid it altogether) you must move past perfectionism . To this end, start by defining what ‘good enough’ looks like for each stage of your dissertation. Here, it’s a good idea to consult with your supervisor so that you can align expectations. Remember, the goal is to complete a dissertation that meets the specified academic standards – not to produce a flawless piece of work, change the world or earn a Nobel prize.

Beyond defining what success looks like, it’s useful to cultivate a mindset that values progress over perfection . In practical terms, this could mean setting limits on the number of revisions for each section or chapter and using timers to enforce focused writing periods without self-editing. The aim here is to encourage yourself to move forward with the writing process, even when you feel that certain parts could be improved. Remember, done beats perfect – every day.

FAQs: All But Dissertation Status

All but dissertation faqs, can you get a phd abd degree.

No, you cannot get a “PhD ABD degree.” ABD status is not a degree; rather, it describes a stage in the doctoral study process. In some cases, universities may award a Master’s-level degree to ABD status students who drop out of the PhD programme, but this varies from university to university.

How long do students typically remain in ABD status?

The duration can vary widely among students and disciplines. Some complete their dissertation in a year or two, while others may take longer. Extending too long in ABD status can risk programme deadlines and even lead to students leaving the programme without completing their dissertation.

Can ABD status expire?

Yes, some programmes have a time limit by which the dissertation must be completed. If the dissertation is not completed within this timeframe, the student may lose their ABD status and might have to meet additional requirements to re-enter the programme or complete the degree.

Can ABD status impact my career prospects?

Being ABD has different impacts, depending on the field. In academia, not completing the dissertation can significantly hinder career prospects, as a completed doctoral degree is often required. In other industries, substantial coursework and research might still be valued even if the dissertation is not completed.

Can I use the title "Dr." if I'm ABD?

No, you cannot use the title “Dr.” The title is reserved for individuals who have completed all requirements of their doctoral degree, including the dissertation or thesis project.

Are there any specific support systems for ABD students?

Many universities offer specific resources for ABD students, including dissertation boot camps, writing retreats, and specialised advising. Private coaching can also prove invaluable for students stuck in ABD.

Wrapping Up

Navigating (or avoiding) all but dissertation status is undoubtedly challenging. But, with the right approach, it is certainly manageable. If you find yourself in ADB land, remember that you’ve already accomplished so much by reaching this point and you most certainly have what it takes to cross the finish line.

If you need 1:1 help moving past ABD status, be sure to check out our private coaching service , where we hold your hand through every stage of the research process.

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Navigating ABD: All But Dissertation Insights And Strategies

Discover the journey of ‘All but Dissertation’ – a compelling exploration of unfinished scholarly pursuits.

For many doctoral candidates, the concluding stage known as the dissertation phase can be an elusive and challenging endeavor. This stage, commonly referred to as “All but Dissertation” or ABD, signifies the completion of all requirements for a doctoral degree, except the final dissertation. Doctoral candidates who find themselves in this unique academic position may wonder about the significance, challenges, and opportunities associated with ABD status. In this article, we will explain what ABD status entails, offering insights and strategies to navigate this phase with confidence and, ultimately, cross the academic finish line.

What Is ABD (All But Dissertation)?

ABD (All But Dissertation) is a term used in academic circles to describe a student who has completed all the requirements for a doctoral program, except for the dissertation. In a doctoral program, students typically go through a series of stages, including coursework, comprehensive exams, and the dissertation phase. The ABD designation is applied to a student who has successfully completed the coursework and passed the comprehensive exams, demonstrating their deep understanding of the subject matter. However, they have yet to complete the dissertation, which is the final and most significant component of a doctoral program. 

This status can be a transitional phase, as students work on their dissertations and conduct original research, moving closer to earning their coveted doctoral degree. The ABD phase can be both challenging and rewarding, as it represents the culmination of years of academic study and the final step toward becoming a recognized expert in the chosen field.

Reasons For Not Completing A Dissertation

Completing a dissertation is a significant academic accomplishment, but several reasons can lead to individuals not finishing this crucial component of their doctoral journey. These reasons include:

Lack of Time

Doctoral candidates often have demanding schedules, including jobs, family responsibilities, and other commitments. The extensive time required for researching, writing, and revising a dissertation can be a significant hurdle. Balancing these responsibilities while dedicating substantial time to dissertation work can become challenging.

Also read: Time Management for Researchers: A Comprehensive Toolkit

Academic Challenges

Doctoral-level research and writing are highly complex and require advanced critical thinking and analytical skills. Students may face difficulties in defining a research topic, conducting comprehensive literature reviews, collecting and analyzing data, or structuring and presenting their work. These academic challenges can create feelings of frustration and stagnation.

Financial Difficulties

Pursuing a doctoral degree can be financially burdensome. Tuition fees, research expenses, and the costs of educational materials can accumulate. Financial stress can become a barrier to dissertation completion, particularly for those who need to work while studying to cover these expenses.

Related article: Funding for Research — Why, Types of Funding, When, and How?

Emotional/Health Issues

Doctoral programs can be emotionally and mentally taxing. The stress associated with doctoral studies can take a toll on students’ emotional and mental well-being. The pressure to excel academically, meet deadlines, and complete a dissertation can lead to burnout, anxiety, or depression. Health issues, whether physical or mental, can emerge, disrupting a student’s ability to focus on their dissertation.

Professional Opportunities Elsewhere

Some doctoral candidates encounter compelling professional opportunities during their academic journey. These opportunities might include high-paying job offers, significant career advancements, or projects they are passionate about. In such cases, the potential career gains may divert their focus from completing their dissertations.

Benefits Of ABD Status

There are several benefits of ABD status. One of them is about universities that can hire ABD candidates to teach undergraduate courses, especially in cases where their expertise aligns with the course content. Additionally, ABD professionals might find opportunities in research roles or within organizations that value their extensive knowledge, research skills, and critical thinking abilities. While it’s essential to acknowledge the potential limitations of not completing the dissertation, such as being ineligible for tenured positions at research-focused universities, ABD status can still lead to fulfilling and successful careers in academia, research, or other fields. It offers an opportunity to contribute to their chosen field, apply their knowledge, and make a meaningful impact while maintaining a work-life balance.

Access to Academic Resources and Networks

One significant advantage of ABD status is the continued access to academic resources and networks. Doctoral students who have completed their coursework, comprehensive exams, and some or most of their research may still access university libraries, research databases, and academic advisors. They can continue to collaborate with professors, researchers, and fellow students, which can be invaluable for further research or career development.

Achieving Doctoral-Level Expertise Without Completing the Dissertation

Another noteworthy benefit is the achievement of doctoral-level expertise without completing the dissertation. ABD students have typically engaged in advanced coursework, gained comprehensive knowledge in their field, and passed rigorous qualifying exams. This level of expertise can open doors to teaching positions, research roles, or advanced positions in various fields.

Alternatives To Earning a Doctoral Degree Without Completing the Dissertation Process

Alternatives to earning a doctoral degree without completing the dissertation process recognize that there are different paths to expertise and career growth, and they allow individuals to tailor their educational journey to their specific goals and circumstances. The choice between these options should be based on an individual’s career objectives, field of study, and personal preferences.

Related article: Doctorate Without Thesis: Everything You Need to Know

ABD Status or Testing Out Options in Higher Education Programs

Some higher education institutions offer flexible options for individuals who have achieved ABD status. These options are designed to acknowledge the extensive knowledge and expertise ABD candidates have gained throughout their doctoral studies. Universities may provide avenues for ABD students to finalize their degrees without the traditional dissertation route.

ABD Status Option

In some cases, universities offer formalized ABD status programs where students can complete their doctoral degrees without writing a traditional dissertation. These programs may involve alternative research projects, comprehensive exams, or specialized coursework, allowing ABD students to demonstrate their expertise in different ways. The specific requirements can vary by institution and field of study.

Testing Out Option

Another approach is the “testing out” option, where ABD candidates can take comprehensive exams or defend their knowledge in front of a committee. If they successfully demonstrate their expertise, they may be awarded a doctoral degree. This method acknowledges that some individuals possess the necessary knowledge and skills without requiring a dissertation.

Professional Certificates in Place of a Doctoral Degree

In some cases, individuals may choose to pursue professional certificates instead of completing a doctoral degree. These certificates offer a more streamlined path to specialized expertise in a field. They are particularly beneficial for those interested in gaining targeted knowledge for practical applications, such as leadership roles, without the need for extensive research or the dissertation process.

Examples of Professional Certificates

Many professional organizations and universities offer specialized certificates in various fields, such as project management, healthcare administration, data science, and more. These certificates typically involve coursework tailored to the specific subject matter and may be completed in a shorter timeframe than a full doctoral program.

Career Advancement

Professional certificates can enhance career prospects, providing individuals with in-demand skills and qualifications. For many professionals, this may be a more direct and practical route to career advancement than pursuing a full doctoral degree.

How to Explain Your ABD Status In An Academic Or Professional Setting

Explaining your ABD status in an academic or professional context involves articulating that you’ve completed all the requirements for a doctoral program except for the dissertation. It’s crucial to clarify your achievements, such as coursework, exams, and any research accomplishments. Be honest about your reasons for not completing the dissertation, and express your future career goals. Confidence and positivity are key, as is highlighting the skills and knowledge you’ve acquired. Seek support and mentorship, be prepared to answer questions, and leverage your ABD status as an opportunity to network and collaborate with professionals who appreciate your expertise, recognizing it as a valuable phase in your academic journey. Here’s a step-by-step guide:

Choose the Right Moment

Decide when it’s appropriate to disclose your ABD status. It’s often best to bring it up during conversations about your academic background, career goals, or when discussing your qualifications.

Be Clear and Concise

When explaining your ABD status, use clear and straightforward language. You can say, “I’ve completed all the requirements for my doctoral program except for the dissertation.” Avoid jargon or overly technical explanations.

Highlight Achievements

Emphasize the coursework, research, and comprehensive exams you’ve successfully completed. Mention any notable academic achievements, such as publications or conference presentations, which demonstrate your expertise and commitment.

Explain Your Reasons

If relevant, share your reasons for not completing the dissertation. It might be due to personal circumstances, career opportunities, or a change in academic interests. Be honest but avoid dwelling on any negative aspects.

Express Future Intentions

Clarify your career goals and how your ABD status aligns with your professional aspirations. Mention your plans to complete the dissertation or how you intend to leverage your existing expertise.

Network and Collaborate

Use your ABD status as an opportunity to network with professionals and academics who appreciate your knowledge and skills. Seek collaborations and opportunities that align with your expertise.

Remember that ABD status is not a roadblock; it’s a stage in your academic journey. Many professionals and academics understand the challenges of doctoral studies and respect the dedication required to reach this point. By effectively explaining your ABD status, you can position yourself as a knowledgeable and committed individual in your field.

Below, you will find a comprehensive guide to programs designed for those who have reached the ‘All But Dissertation’ (ABD) stage in their doctoral journey. These programs offer various alternatives to help individuals complete their dissertations and earn their coveted doctoral degrees:

10 Best All But Dissertation Completion Programs [2024 ABD Guide]

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Last Updated on: 2nd February 2024, 05:30 am

What does ABD Mean?

The term “ABD” stands for All But Dissertation. This means that you have finished everything in a PhD program except for the dissertation. Someone who is ABD has successfully completed all of the required classwork and any required comprehensive exams. The term itself has no academic standing but is used to tell others where you are in your program.

Having completed in the neighborhood of two years of classwork, it is nice to have something to acknowledge this accomplishment. Many use the term “ABD” to let others know their position in their doctoral journey.

However, this should not be a destination. ABD should just be a way to tell people where you are on your journey, similar to telling someone that you just passed the hardware store on your way home. Home is your destination, not the hardware store.

Can You Get a “PhD ABD Degree”?

The short answer is no, there is no such thing as a “PhD ABD degree.” Rather, the term “PhD ABD” is used to refer to a place in one’s journey towards getting a PhD.

Another term that has begun to be used to connote a similar message to “PhD ABD” is “PhDc” (also expressed as “PhD(c)” or “PhD-c”). This term has gained popularity recently but there is concern about its use. The APA has expressed concern that the general public may not know what the term means and believe that the holder has completed her/his PhD. Similarly, the term “ABD Degree” makes claim to a degree that was never completed.

When a similar question was asked online, one user commented, “A PhD that’s All But Dissertation is like an espresso that is All But Coffee. It’s hot water with a bit of sugar, thus defeating the entire purpose of the exercise.”

Neither PhD ABD nor PhDc represents the achievement of a degree, so the use of either in a formal setting, such as your CV or in correspondence, should probably be avoided. Avoid making claims like holding an ABD Degree.

However, a new type of degree has arisen lately for those who stop their studies having completed all but their dissertation. This gives people something to show for their time in the PhD program. Called names such as Certificate of Doctoral Completion, this is a way to allow students who leave a program to do so with a degree–albeit, one not nearly as esteemed as a PhD. This may serve the purpose as an ABD degree.

All But Dissertation: Why Do So Many PhD Candidates Quit?

Around 50% of those who start a PhD program do not finish . Many of those who do not finish get to the All But Dissertation stage before they leave their program. Why would someone leave a PhD program after such a big time and effort investment?

There are many reasons why people leave at the ABD level. Among the reasons are:

Lack of funds

Getting a PhD takes time and money. For many people the money (or access to loans) can run out. If that happens, there may be no other option but to leave.

External obligations

Life happens and situations change. Maybe you have had two kids during the process and they need your time and attention, perhaps your aging parents need your care, or maybe your Aunt Melville died and left you her $30 million estate. We cannot predict the future, and valid reasons may arise to leave a program.

Bad situations

There are many stories about abusive advisors/mentors in PhD programs. There is an uneven power distribution between committees and doctoral students. This can turn into a reason to not finish a degree.

Realization that they don’t want/need a PhD

One of the things that you learn in PhD classes is critical thinking and asking questions. What is not part of these programs is solving problems. You learn to answer questions and leave the application/problem solving to others.

Some people get to the ABD stage and determine that they are more suited to being advocates and solving problems than answering questions, giving them an incentive to go out and begin solving the problems that they see. The world needs both types of people.

All But Dissertation: How Not to Stay There

Many people get stuck at the ABD phase of the journey and do not finish their degree. Most of the time, this leaves them with nothing to show for the considerable amount of coursework they completed.

If you decide to leave a program at the ABD stage, having loans can make it seem worse.  Eight months after you stop attending school, student loan payments kick in. No one really enjoys making student loan payments, and they can seem even worse if you left a program without a degree.

Here is my advice for powering through the all but dissertation phase and earning your degree.

Know what’s coming

When you were taking classes, your program was laid out in front of you. You knew which courses to take when and what grades you needed. As you enter the dissertation phase things are not as straightforward. You should read everything that your school provides on the process and become familiar with any templates that are provided. A good template can signal to you what sections are needed in each chapter and save you time.

Also understand the review process for the work you submit and plan accordingly. If it takes two weeks for your committee to review your Prospectus , then work on finding more literature for your eventual Chapter 2. If your Proposal is being reviewed, start preparing your IRB submission. Be as efficient as possible.

Work every day

There is a book titled “Writing Your Dissertation in 15 Minutes a Day.” The idea is that you need to work on your dissertation consistently, everyday. I find that people who put time in on a regular basis, daily if possible, tend to move forward faster than those who put in a lot of time on an irregular basis. If you have large amounts of time between sessions, you have to spend time remembering where you were. Make writing your dissertation a habit and you will move beyond the ABD stage.

Ask for help

In our society, we’re often taught that asking for help is a sign of weakness. But if you want to complete your PhD program, you’d better let go of that belief and recognize that asking for help is both wise essential for your success.

If you are in a graduate program there are people out there who can help you if you ask. For example, librarians can help you find material and save you lots of time. If your writing needs help, most schools have Writing Centers and if that is not enough, a good academic editor can save you a lot of time and help you move forward.

You dissertation chair and committee are resources as well. Ask the members of the committee for guidance (read: What to Do if Your Advisor is Ignoring You ).

If you are looking for more hands-on help, a dissertation coach can help you towards the finish line.

Be good to yourself

Graduate school is not a sprint. It can be a long, grueling process so you need to take care of yourself along the way. You don’t want to reach the end and be so burned out that you aren’t able to use the degree you worked so hard for.

Self care is very important. Try to add simple things like taking a walk of talking to a friend to your routine. This can save your sanity and help you move forward. For more on this see my article on self care .

Realize your progress

It is easy to get lost in the vastness of writing a dissertation and not realize how much you have actually accomplished. Sometimes it is good to stop and look back at what you have accomplished. For example, you have finished all of your coursework and comprehensive exams. You have done a great deal. Now you get to concentrate on something that truly interests you.

Reward yourself for genuine progress. Rather than paying attention to how much time you spent writing, set mile markers such as writing 2,000 words, finishing a draft of your Chapter One, or addressing all of your committee’s comments.

All But Dissertation: Summary

You have the chance to be one of the 2 percent of the population with a doctoral degree. Take care of yourself on the journey, stay dedicated to the process and call on all available resources. You can do this!

Steve Tippins

Steve Tippins, PhD, has thrived in academia for over thirty years. He continues to love teaching in addition to coaching recent PhD graduates as well as students writing their dissertations. Learn more about his dissertation coaching and career coaching services. Book a Free Consultation with Steve Tippins

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Understanding the Definition of a Doctoral Candidate

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Informally known as "All But Dissertation" (or ABD), the doctoral candidate has completed all of the requirements for the doctoral degree with the exception of his or her  dissertation . A student usually advances to a doctoral candidate once he or she has completed all coursework required for the degree and has passed the doctoral comprehensive exam . As a doctoral candidate, the student's final task is to complete the dissertation.

The Long Road to Dissertation

Although coursework may have come to an end once the students submit to be doctoral candidates, their journeys to full accreditation as doctorates are far from over. Many doctoral candidates remain in the ABD status for several reasons including difficulty conducting research, time management and motivational deficits, interfering employment that distracts from research time, and ultimately a loss of interest in the subject matter. 

Throughout their education, the advisor will conduct weekly to bi-weekly meetings with the student, guiding them along the path to a strong dissertation. The earlier you start working on yours during medical school, the better. It's best to keep in mind that the dissertation you develop must contain a specific hypothesis that can be tested and peer-reviewed, supported or rejected by new data discovered by the student. 

Ph.D. candidates  must work independently, which often leads to lengthy periods at the ABD status, especially if students made the common grad school mistake of not vetting their dissertation ideas through colleagues and faculty members while enrolled in the doctoral program. Time is a huge factor in the ability of a doctoral candidate to complete his or her dissertation, so waiting until the last minute to begin could result in these candidates remaining in limbo for many years before publishing their work.

Defending the Dissertation

Once a student does manage to complete his or her dissertation, the Ph.D. candidate then must defend their statement in front of a panel of faculty members. Fortunately, a dissertation advisor and committee are granted to students hoping to complete their doctorate. As a student, you should utilize these advisors to the fullest extent to ensure that your dissertation is ready for the public forum in which you must defend it. 

Once the public defense of the candidate's dissertation is completed to a satisfactory level, the committee overseeing the defense will submit a Defense Final Report form to the program and the student will submit the approved dissertation electronically into the school's database, completing the final paperwork for their degree. 

After the Dissertation

From there provided that they pass the defense, the candidate will be awarded their full doctorate degree and will officially become an "M.D." or "Ph.D." and can begin shopping out their resume to potential employers and seek the recommendation letters of their advisors, faculty members, and friends in order to better their chances of gainful employment.

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Setting The Record Straight: ABD (All But Dissertation) Degree Status

Doctorate degrees are a lifetime achievement that few individuals pursue and complete. In fact, according to leading labor market analytics firm EMSI, only 3.6% of degrees completed in 2020 were doctoral degrees.

It’s not surprising that doctorates are completed by fewer individuals. Doctorate degrees are intensive, requiring the highest levels of scholarly research and writing. For many people, the dissertation is the most challenging part of getting a doctorate degree. That’s why “ABD,” or “all but dissertation,” has entered the mainstream terminology of doctorate degrees. However, the term leaves many confused if ABD is a type of degree or not. 

We’re here to help clarify what ABD means and how it relates to earning your doctorate degree.

Is ABD A Form Of A Doctorate Degree? 

No . High-quality doctorate programs require the completion of a dissertation to earn your doctoral degree (with the exception of professional and clinical doctorates in areas like law and nursing). ABD simply means you have completed all required doctorate coursework, but have not written and defended your dissertation.

While ABD brings you one step closer to completing your doctorate, achieving ABD status doesn't mean you can take your foot off the gas. ABD doesn’t hold academic weight and you can’t be called a doctor until you finish your dissertation. 

Unfortunately, many doctorate students stop at ABD. Let’s look at the reasons why.

Why So Many Doctorate Students Stop at ABD

There are a host of reasons doctoral students may dropout or take a break at the ABD stage of their doctorate program. Let’s look at some of the most common reasons students stop at ABD so you can navigate these pitfalls:

• Self doubt: Some students struggle with imposter syndrome and wonder if they’re really qualified to get their doctoral degree. Lack of confidence can leave students feeling unmotivated, causing them to put their degree on pause or dropout all together.
• Time Management: Once you get to the dissertation stage, you no longer have the structure of a typical course with weekly deadlines. Some students struggle with managing their time and fall behind. If procrastination gets the best of them, it may feel easier to quit than get back on track.
• Finances: Getting a doctorate degree is a significant financial investment. If students don’t properly budget, or face new financial challenges, they may pause their degree at ABD.
• Personal Circumstances: Whether students have family or professional changes, some situations that lead to ABD are unavoidable. If students need to take a break, they should put a plan in place for picking up where they eft off.
• Dissertation Intimidation: Starting a dissertation can feel like a stark departure from the familiarity of taking coursework. At this stage, students are put into the driver’s seat and are responsible for their own progression, which can feel daunting.
• Difficulty Writing: The dissertation is extremely research and writing intensive. Most dissertations are over 100 pages. If students struggle with focused and scholarly writing, it can be a detriment to finishing a doctoral degree.
• Lack of Support: Some students feel isolated when they move into the dissertation phase of their doctorate degree. If you don’t choose a program with support services or create a strong peer network, the solitary nature of a dissertation can deter students from finishing.

Earning a doctorate is challenging and rewarding, but do you know what to really expect? Download this free guide for tips and insights to help you prepare for success.

If you started but haven’t completed a doctoral program you aren’t alone. According to the Council of Graduate Schools, almost 50% of students who start a Ph.D. program don’t complete their degree. However, Ph.D. programs only represent one type of doctoral degree. Completion stats vary widely between universities and doctoral degree programs. The biggest difference in successful completion of a doctoral degree is often the university and program a student chooses. If you’re ABD, you need to find a student-centered program designed to meet the needs of ABD students.

Measuring Doctoral Student Success: Average Doctoral Program vs. Student-Centered Doctoral Programs at Franklin University

*Source: First Cohort Data January 2017-August 2021

Are you still feeling stuck at ABD? Let’s look at ways you can set yourself up to successfully complete your doctoral degree.

6 Tips to Complete Your Doctorate—from ABD to Dr.

No matter how long you've been ABD, you can regain your motivation and finish strong. Here are 6 tips that can help you graduate from your doctorate degree program:

• Get inspired early and start thinking about the topic of your dissertation at the beginning of your doctorate program. If you’re ABD, pick a topic you’re passionate about before restarting your doctorate.
• Create a plan that maps out steps and milestones to complete your dissertation in your desired timeframe. Being proactive and setting your own deadlines will help you stay on track.
• Get into a routine so that researching and writing your dissertation just feels like a normal part of your schedule. 
• Develop a support system —both at home and in your program. Your family and friends can help you stay motivated, while faculty advisors, committee members and peers can make writing your dissertation feel more manageable.
• Practice self care , because a dissertation isn’t a sprint, it’s a marathon. Most students take anywhere from 1 to 2 years to complete the dissertation, but it can take longer based on the amount of time you commit.
• Find a student-centered universit y that offers dedicated support, including personal faculty advisors and a student support network, that make it easier to complete your doctorate.

Don’t Stop at ABD—Find The Right Program and Complete Your Doctorate Degree

Remember, ABD is not a recognized credential and there are ways to overcome the barriers that prevent many from finishing the work. A doctorate is the academic achievement of a lifetime and is attainable if you stay organized, motivated and dedicated. 

Choosing the right doctorate program is the first way to set yourself up for success. Whether you’re starting from the beginning or picking up where you left off, you need a doctorate designed for your unique needs.

Franklin University offers transfer-friendly online doctorate degrees that help working adults achieve their goals. From start to finish, you can complete your doctorate degree in as few as 3 years, including your dissertation. Franklin doctorate programs accept up to 24 hours of transfer credit, so if you have completed coursework, but not your dissertation, Franklin can help you get over the finish line.

Explore the doctoral programs offered at Franklin to see if there is a program that will help you take your career to the next level.

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What is ABD (“All But Dissertation”) and How Can You Avoid Getting Stuck There?

ABD, or “all but dissertation,” is a term used frequently in the US to designate a PhD student who has passed all qualifying degree elements except for the writing, presentation, and defense of the doctoral dissertation.

For many students, abd can stand as both an exciting milestone and a terrifying sinkhole . .

This is because ABD is the term used to refer to students who have left their PhD programs at this crucial stage: they have put in the blood, sweat, tears, and eye-strain but don’t have the coveted PhD degree and title to show for it.

This post will cover some quick tips to help you prepare early to avoid the ABD sinkhole.

Why Do Students Fail to Move Past the ABD Stage?

There are many reasons why students often fail to progress beyond the abd stage, including financial pressures, changes in life goals and directions, institutional shortfalls, and writing and research challenges..

Sometimes, a student can get stuck at the ABD stage through no fault of their own. One of the most heartbreaking stories I have heard in my time as a dissertation coach was a student who never moved past the ABD stage because all the supervisors she had been working with at her institution left. Shocking and unacceptable as this type of situation is, it is becoming more and more common as HE institutions deal with increasing hiring pressures.

More commonly, however, ABD occurs when students encounter roadblocks they don’t know how to overcome. They may run out of funding, and not know how to get more. They may take a radical turn in life, such as getting married or having children, that changes their desire to complete a PhD. Or, they may become daunted by the task of researching and writing the dissertation—especially if they are not strong writers or lack proper institutional support.

Four Ways to Prepare to Stride Past ABD

To avoid getting stuck at the “all but dissertation” stage, there are key ways you can prepare yourself in advance., choose your supervisory team carefully., learn how to find and apply for funding, grants, and scholarships..

• Plan for personal issues.

Seek dissertation help early.

Your supervisory team is your lifeline within your institution, so it pays to choose its members with care. Don’t select supervisors purely according to research interests; instead, choose supervisors:

• You already know and feel comfortable working with;
• Who have a reputation for being dependable and supportive;
• With a strong history of student mentorship;
• With a strong record of successfully graduating PhD students.

Ask your supervisors directly when you approach them if they intend to remain at your institution long-term and what the plan will be if they do leave. Also, make sure that you discuss with them the level of support they will be willing and able to provide during your PhD journey, including research support, motivation, accountability, writing support, and career support. Be clear about your needs and choose supervisors who are willing to support them.

If your personal funds and degree funding are tight, grants and scholarships can mean the difference between completion and ABD. Most institutions have a grants and scholarships department or office that can help you find and apply for these types of funding. Many also offer workshops and training sessions (or even credit-bearing classes) on grant writing. Finally, you can use sites like GrantFoward (free to sign up to) or check the websites of professional organizations in your field.

Plan for Personal Issues

Usually, when students drop out due to personal issues, it is because the pressure of planning for them is too much on top of the mental effort needed just for the degree itself. Even where there are objections due to finances or time pressures, these usually come down to logistics. You can help mitigate such unforeseen roadblocks by planning ahead for them.

Even if you think there is only a 1 in 7 billion chance that you will get married, have a baby, lose a loved one, etc., make a concrete plan just in case. Could you work part-time? Could you do evening classes? What support networks do you have available to you? Thinking these things through in advance will make the unexpected much more manageable if it ever happens, making you much less likely to drop out.

It is never too early to start thinking about your dissertation and seeking the support you will need to finish. Whether you need help understanding the research process, getting your results into writing, following academic conventions, or even just staying motivated, start searching out support sources early. Add mentors to your support network, explore institutional and private coaching options, and ask questions at every stage of the way. Prepare in advance for the things that challenge you, and you will be in a much stronger position once you reach the ABD milestone.

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ABD Company

What’s worse than getting a ph.d. in today’s job market not finishing one..

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When I first began my Ph.D., I kept hearing other graduate students bandy about the term “ABD,” but I had no idea what it meant. Arrested Botox Detonation? Anointed Between Demigods? I didn’t dare ask, because Rule No. 1 of Grad School Fight Club is that you never admit that you don’t know something in public. (“Oh, Phenomenology of Spirit ? I’ll have to re -read that this semester.”)

Eventually, I figured it out: ABD stands for “all but dissertation,” a description of a student who has finished coursework and passed comprehensive exams, but has yet to complete and defend the doctoral thesis. Today, the Ph.D. Completion Project estimates that the ten-year completion rate (that is, someone’s status a decade after they begin) is 55–64 percent in STEM , 56 percent in the social sciences, and 49 percent in the humanities. Not all Ph.D. dropouts advance to the dissertation stage before they leave—but since the project’s charts start leveling out around Year 8 (the dissertation begins in Year 3 or 4), it’s safe to assume a hell of a lot do.

Aside from the obvious professional consequences (it’s hard enough get a job with a doctorate!), there are also psychological ramifications to leaving grad school without finishing. Last month, Jill Yesko, an ABD in geography, took to Inside Higher Education with a wrenchingly honest look at how she and many of her fellow ABDs feel:

Only in the parallel universe of academia is it possible to log years of Herculean scholarship, write and defend a complex dissertation proposal, and – upon failing to complete one’s dissertation – come away with nothing to show but the humiliation of not being recognized by the academic industrial complex for one’s blood, sweat and uncompensated toil.

Many programs do disown their dropouts, refusing to write letters of recommendation and often cutting off all contact. But the anger, disappointment, and betrayal Yesko expresses here reveal far more about the lasting emotional damage that leaving graduate school can cause. It is, in fact, especially wrenching to students who never envisioned a life outside of academia (and, often having gone directly from college to graduate school, have never lived one). In recent years, many , many online resources have sprung up to offer academic cast-asides the support they otherwise lack.

Speaking of which: Reaction on IHE to Yesko’s piece—and her solution, to offer a new kind of degree between an M.A. and a doctorate—was a snide pile-on. “Can we make sure that the Certificate of Doctoral Completion also comes with a little plastic trophy and a large green ribbon signaling excellent participation?” sniped one commenter. Added another: “These degrees aren’t soccer trophies for young childrens [ sic ] whose spirit might get crushed. Terminal ABD has a meaning: Failure.” And you, dear reader, may also feel, right this second, as if those who leave Ph.D. programs simply couldn’t hack it.

Maybe they couldn’t. But that’s nothing to be ashamed of. Dissertations—some 250 pages of original research in the humanities, and topping 400 in the social sciences—are objectively, indisputably difficult. It sometimes takes years just to collect data or comb through the necessary archives, and then the damn thing must be written, often in total isolation. Dissertations are not impossible, but they are very hard, and most people in the world—including, perhaps, you, my friend—cannot complete one.

There are innumerable reasons for this, and I know them all, because when I quit academia , I started working for a company that “coaches” dissertators who are blocked, stalled, or simply in need of some practical guidance. Thus, I happen to have firsthand knowledge of the countless obstacles put in the way of ABDs—by outside forces, and by themselves—because it is my job to.

First, the outside hindrances: Some advisers are helpful and supportive. But many run the gamut between absentee, excoriating, and micromanagerial. There are the advisers who retire, leave, or even die. Then there’s the total lack of preparedness for such an extensive and rigorous project: A seminar paper is a 5K fun run; a dissertation is an ultramarathon . And in the social sciences and STEM fields, there are data sets or experiments that simply fall apart.

Then there are the inner hindrances, the ones that cause procrastination, and then shame, and then paralysis. Here’s my favorite: believing, erroneously, that one must read and master every single word of existing scholarship before even beginning to write. Here’s my least favorite (which happens to my clients all the time): refusing to turn in any chapter that isn’t perfect, and thus not turning in anything at all—which results in the adviser getting irate, which puts even more pressure on the student to be even more perfect, ad infinitum . This is how dissertations are stalled, often forever.

So what can be done to fix this? The Izzy Mandelbaums of academia may argue the system is fine the way it is : In a field that requires extended independent work to succeed, the trial by fire of the dissertation is an apt initiation. (“All aboard the pain train!”) But does it have to be this way? I see no reason why, for example, more dissertation advisers couldn’t be enthusiastic about seeing early drafts, to provide guidance and support. Some already do this (mine did), but far too many of my clients say their advisers won’t even look at anything that isn’t “polished.” Every adviser who says this is part of the problem.

Another step in the right direction would be not just to hold dissertation workshops, but also to make them mandatory. A lot of grad students are simply too paralyzed (or ashamed to admit they don’t know what they’re doing) to attend one of their own volition. A mandatory workshop frees them to get the help they need, without having to admit they need help.

And, most importantly, though I’m not sold on Yesko’s idea for an in-between degree, Ph.D. programs need to stop disowning the students who do not graduate. Whatever inconvenience a jilted adviser suffers from an ABD is nothing compared with the ABD’s fractured life and career. The least an adviser can do is write a letter. And, finally, along with the current drive to require programs to publicize their real (i.e., full-time) job placement rates , so should they be compelled to list attrition.

Finally, here’s what ABDs can do to help themselves. Dare to stop reading and start writing, and revel in an early draft that is an unabashed hot mess. Realize that the greatest misconception of dissertation writers is that the project must be perfect. In fact, for a career academic, the dissertation should actually be the worst thing you ever write.

Sure, the best way to avoid the psychic wounds of not completing the dissertation is to squeeze that bad boy out any way you can. But we must also remember that students leave Ph.D. programs for innumerable reasons, usually complex combinations of things in and out of their control. Terminal ABDs will work for much of their lives to overcome what is at best a sense of lingering incompleteness, and at worst lasting anguish and damage. But it is the academic establishment’s treatment of those who fail initiation—disowning, shame, refusal to reveal attrition—that is one of its dirtiest secrets. 

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What does it mean to “Advance to Candidacy” or to be “ABD”?

1st July 2015

ABD = All But Dissertation

Advancing to candidacy, applying for academic jobs while abd, endless abd status.

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ABD (“All But Dissertation”)

The prospectus is 20 double-spaced pages (excluding bibliography) and explores four aspects of the PhD candidate’s dissertation topic: the intellectual relevance of the topic chosen, previous scholarship on the subject, the techniques and methods the dissertation will employ, and the primary and secondary sources that will be consulted. Within (at most) twelve months of successfully completing the oral qualifying exam, PhD candidates must submit their dissertation prospectus to their first and second readers for approval. First and second readers must be members of the Graduate School Faculty at Boston University. Once both readers have approved the prospectus, it must be submitted to the Director of Graduate Studies for final approval, along with the Dissertation Prospectus Approval Form , which will be submitted to the Graduate School upon approval by the DGS.

Dissertation

The dissertation is written under the supervision of the first and second readers who approved the prospectus. It is a work of original research on a topic approved by the dissertation advisor. The dissertation should demonstrate the candidate’s ability to assemble all the available historical material bearing on the subject, to analyze and evaluate the material critically, and to interpret the evidence with impartiality and insight. It should also display a creative use of sources, interpretive independence, and the clear presentation of complex arguments. The dissertation should form the basis for a scholarly monograph that will make a significant contribution to existing scholarship.

Dissertation Defense

Upon completion of the dissertation, candidates for the degree defend their dissertation before a faculty committee.

In consultation with the first reader, the student assembles the Dissertation Defense Committee, which consists of at least four faculty members. These scholars must be members of the Graduate School Faculty of Boston University, either by regular or special appointment, though exceptions can be made for members from outside BU. After all revisions have been made to the satisfaction of the first and second readers, the student may begin the process of scheduling the defense. The final version of the manuscript must be provided to all committee members at least four weeks before the defense.  The student should then email the Department Administrator, requesting a room for the exam, list the committee members (and their roles) and provide the signature page.

The exam usually lasts for at least one hour. In consultation with the Chair of the Dissertation Defense Committee, BU faculty and graduate students may attend the exam. However, only the defense committee members may participate. To open the proceedings, the student must make a 10-minute presentation summarizing the findings contained in the dissertation. In addition to the grades of Pass or Fail, the examiners may award a grade of “Pass with Distinction,” which will be recorded in the student’s departmental file. Upon successfully defending the dissertation, the student must provide the History department administrator with a copy of the dissertation abstract, including whatever corrections have been agreed upon at the time of the defense.

Applying for Graduation

Students must file an application to graduate with the Graduate School office ( check with this office for deadlines ). Note that an application is good only for the specified date; if a student must postpone a dissertation defense, a new application must be filed. Note also that a student must be registered for the semester in which they graduate and in the preceding one and that a student must be registered for any semester in which a degree requirement is completed (such as submission of the research paper or passing the language examination).

10 Best All But Dissertation Completion Programs [2024 ABD Guide]

Students who completed their doctoral coursework and received doctoral candidacy but left the program before completing their dissertation may qualify for ABD completion programs.

All but dissertation programs provide doctoral students with the opportunity to finish what they’ve started.

Editorial Listing ShortCode:

Let’s take a look at how an accredited dissertation only PhD program may help you achieve your academic goals. You can also discover some of the current degree programs available for returning PhD students.

Universities Offering Online All But Dissertation Completion Programs

Methodology: The following school list is in alphabetical order. To be included, a college or university must be regionally accredited and offer degree programs online or in a hybrid format.

1. Alverno College

Alverno College offers an ABD to help with the completion of EdD degrees. There is also a concentration in Teaching & Learning in Higher Education available. Most of the program is online with 2 weekend residencies in Milwaukee. The program requires approximately 6 semesters.

Alverno College is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

2. American College of Education

An EdD in Leadership is available through the American College of Education. Those who are considered ABD may be able to follow a customized pathway to completion. The program is fully online, and there are no residency requirements. Courses are in an asynchronous learning format.

American College of Education is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

3. Baker College

Those with 32 credits toward a DBA may finish their degree through Baker College’s ABD completion program. The dissertation program requires an additional 28 credits and may be completed entirely online. On average, the program may be completed in 18 months.

Baker College is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

4. Bay Path University

Bay Path University offers an EdD in Educational Leadership. Those who have completed doctoral coursework may be eligible for the ABD program. All coursework is online with 1 weekend residency per year. The dissertation requires 21 credits. The school offers multiple concentrations including Higher Education Leadership and Transformative School Leadership.

Bay Path University is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.

5. Brenau University

Brenau University offers an online EdD in Education program that features an ABD path for those who have completed core courses. There are start dates each fall and spring, and the program follows a semester schedule. The program requires 2 weekend residencies over the course of the program.

Brenau University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

6. Centenary University

An EdD in Educational Leadership through Centenary University’s ABD program. The program requires 13 to 21 credits. Courses are online or in a blended format. A faculty advisor is available throughout the program. Courses follow a semester schedule.

Centenary University is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

7. Gwynedd Mercy University

Gwynedd Mercy University offers an EdD for ABD students. The program is in an accelerated format. All coursework is fully online with 1 weekend residency required. The required 27 credits can typically be completed in 18 months.

Gwynedd Mercy University is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

8. Indiana Wesleyan University

Those classified as ABD can earn an EdD through Indiana Wesleyan University. The program is fully online, and there are no residency requirements. The program is taught through a Christian worldview. The program’s required 30 credits may be completed in as little as 20 months.

Indiana Wesleyan University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

9. Manhattanville College

Manhattanville College offers an EdD in Educational Leadership for those who have completed all doctoral coursework except the dissertation. Courses may be completed online or on campus. Online programs start each spring. Courses are in an accelerated format. The program requires 30 additional credits for a total of 59 credits.

Manhattanville College is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

10. Union Institute & University

A PhD can be earned through Union Institute & University’s ABD program. All coursework is online with 1 week of residency required at the start of each term. There are start dates are in January and July. The program requires 9 to 12 credits. On average, the program may be completed in 3.

Union Institute & University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Online ABD Completion Programs

If you’re interested in completing an all but dissertation (ABD) or dissertation only PhD program, there are a few steps involved.

The process is different for every school and dissertation completion pathway, but you’ll typically be asked to:

• Submit an application . You’ll be asked to share your educational history, including doctorate coursework completed. Each school will determine if and how they will offer transfer credits for the courses you’ve taken.
• Complete coursework . Some schools ask students to complete a few prerequisite courses, often regarding research, writing skills, or communications.
• Seek mentorship and resources . Many schools provide students with a staff mentor who can provide them with support and guidance during the dissertation process.
• Complete your dissertation . Finally, you’ll have the opportunity to complete your dissertation.

Generally speaking, you’re often asked to have a proposal for your dissertation at the time of admissions. So, you may want to be prepared to speak with the program and admissions staff about your upcoming dissertation during the application process.

Select jobs require candidates to have a doctoral degree, though many careers do not. At the same time, the Bureau of Labor Statistics notes that professionals who have a doctoral degree experience the lowest average levels of unemployment.

Due to many different circumstances, a surprising number of adult students do not complete their dissertation after finishing their doctoral coursework. As a result, they must often start over to earn their PhD—unless they choose an ABD completion pathway.

Why PhD Candidates Quit

Though you may feel alone on an incomplete educational path, there are many other students who find themselves on a dissertation completion pathway.

There are many reasons why a student may find themselves in ABD status, including:

• Finances and personal circumstances . Some students need to take a break in their studies due to practical situations. Whether due to the cost of tuition or the amount of time spent working toward a degree, life may interfere with your studies.
• Intimidation or fear . Dissertations often range from 30,000 to 60,000 words and beyond. Many individuals find researching, organizing, and drafting a document this size to be intimidating.
• Time management challenges . For some students, losing the structure of a school setting can mean losing sight of writing the final dissertation. Without a school and study schedule, they may fall behind in writing their dissertation.

Though a dissertation isn’t an easy challenge to take on, all but dissertation programs help students who are ready for the final step in their doctoral degree. ABD programs could provide resources, mentors, and guidance throughout the process, such as knowing how to decompose the PhD project into distinct dissertation chapters can help in the writing phase.

ABD PhD Completion Programs Admissions Requirements

Schools that offer all but dissertation programs will have their own guidelines and admissions requirements for students. So it’s beneficial to review the admissions process and application for each school carefully.

Some common requirements include:

• GRE or GMAT scores (only some schools require them)
• Complete undergraduate and graduate transcripts
• Doctoral work transcripts demonstrating completion of doctoral coursework
• Minimum GPA standing
• Academic writing samples

You may be asked to provide course descriptions or syllabus-level course details for some of your graduate and doctoral degree work. This will help each school determine which credits apply toward their doctoral completion program.

Unlike many educational opportunities, an ABD program often involves working with admissions and program counselors to determine your placement within their program.

PhD ABD Programs Accreditation

As you review various PhD ABD programs, it’s beneficial to check whether the programs that interest you most are accredited, just like checking online doctoral programs in education without dissertation .

Accreditation is offered to schools and programs that demonstrate a higher level of educational excellence. Organizations such as CHEA, or the Council for Higher Educational Accreditation , provide more information about the regional accreditation process.

There can be many benefits to selecting an accredited program. Many financial assistance opportunities, including federal student aid, are provided exclusively to those who attend accredited schools. Plus, required steps for employment in your field, such as licensing, certification, or membership in a professional organization may require accredited education.

Financial Aid and Scholarships

For many students, the first step toward receiving financial aid is completing the FAFSA, or Free Application for Federal Student Aid . Completing this application helps determine your eligibility for need-based federal assistance.

You can also research what scholarship or grant opportunities the school you will attend may offer. They might also offer financing or repayment opportunities. Other scholarship opportunities might come from your community, local businesses, large corporations, or private donors. There may be financial aid options specifically for those on a dissertation completion pathway.

Additionally, your employer may offer assistance for those who are returning to school. This could potentially include employer-sponsored scholarships, tuition reimbursement programs, or an educational allowance.

What Does ABD Mean?

All but dissertation (ABD) means that a student has completed every step in their doctoral degree program except the final dissertation. Typically, earning a doctoral degree includes 2 to 3 years of classwork followed by exams. After this, students propose, research, write, present, and defend their dissertation in front of a committee.

ABD status means you’ve done everything but the dissertation step. While there is no “ABD degree,” many schools offer all but dissertation (ABD) programs that help provide you with the structure, environment, resources, and timeframe to complete this important final step of earning a PhD.

How Long Are ABD Completion Programs Online?

All but dissertation completion programs online typically take 1 to 3 years to complete, depending on the university and your chosen specialty.

Some universities require students with ABD status to complete a few courses in order to remain eligible for their degree. These prerequisites often highlight helpful skills for dissertation writers, including research, writing, organization, and communication.

In many cases, students are asked to check in regularly with their mentors or advising staff to consider the scope of their projects and findings.

Is an ABD Completion Worth It?

Yes, an ABD completion is worth it for many students. While writing a dissertation can be seem intimidating and stressful, many doctoral candidates find that completing the process is rewarding and beneficial.

Not all careers require a PhD. But the Bureau of Labor Statistics notes that professionals who have earned their doctoral degrees typically earn higher median salaries and experience lower incidences of unemployment.

While a dissertation only PhD program can’t guarantee your professional success, it can be helpful for those wishing to gain employment in the highest levels of their field.

Finishing Your Doctorate Degree Online

Plenty of doctoral candidates find themselves unable to complete their degree due to the final dissertation. Selecting a dissertation completion pathway can help students in this situation find the structure and guidance they need to finish this last step.

If you are ready to complete your doctorate or PhD degree, you may wish to consider all but dissertation programs to help you conquer this final challenge. Regardless of what caused the delay, you can still complete your terminal degree.

You can explore some of the accredited ABD programs offered online around the country to take this next step in your academic and professional journey.

Welcome to Dissertation Prep! Dissertations Made Eas(ier)

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Abd - should doctoral candidates use this common designation.

By Dani Babb, PhD

Many doctoral candidates use ABD on social media or a curriculum vitae . ABD meana for "All But Dissertation," which indicates that a student has completed all the coursework and requirements for a doctoral degree, except for the dissertation. Some students use the ABD designation to indicate that they have completed all the requirements of their doctoral program except for the dissertation.

Whether or not a student should use the ABD designation is a matter of personal choice and career goals. Some people feel that it is an appropriate designation to use because it accurately reflects their progress in their doctoral program. Others argue that it is not appropriate to use ABD because it implies that the student has completed the program when, in fact, they have not completed the most significant aspect of the requirements.

If you are considering using the ABD designation, it is essential to understand how it may be perceived by others in your field. Some employers, colleagues, and academic institutions may view ABD as a negative or incomplete designation. Therefore, it is essential to weigh the potential benefits and drawbacks of using the ABD designation before deciding whether or not to use it.

If a person who has completed all the requirements for a doctoral degree except for the dissertation does not want to use the ABD designation, they may consider using alternative language to describe their status. Here are a few options:

• "Doctoral Candidate" : This term is commonly used to describe a student who has completed all of their coursework and comprehensive exams and is working on their dissertation.
• "Doctoral Candidate, Dissertation in Progress" : This designation can indicate that a student has completed all the requirements for their doctoral degree except for the dissertation and is currently working on that final requirement.
• "Doctoral Candidate, Defending Soon" : This option can be used when a student is close to completing their dissertation and is preparing to defend it.

While these may be popular on social media, a better way to reflect it on a cv is to put “expected completion date ABC. Completed…” and then indicate how many chapters you have finished or where you are in the process.

It's essential to consider the norms in your field and the context in which you will be using your designation. Some fields or academic institutions may have specific terms or conventions that are expected and usually ABD is not among them. Ultimately, the most important thing is to accurately and transparently convey your status and progress towards your degree! Finish that dissertation! We are here to help!

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"abd" -- what does it really mean.

After the completion of all formal degree requirements other than the completion of and approval of the doctoral dissertation and the public final examination, doctoral candidates shall be regarded as All But Dissertation(ABD).

I say why use "ABD" at all. Either you have a Ph.D. or you don't.

I say "ABD" be reserved to reward grad students who are working on their dissertation. If you drop out, you're a grad school drop out. No one talks about the college junior year undergrad drop out as anything more than a college drop out. What makes Ph.D. students any more special. You didn't finish.

I actually never heard the term while in grad school. We would just say "s/he is finishing" or "s/he is writing". So when I came across the term about a month ago, I automatically thought it meant a drop out. Only later I realized it intended to mean somebody writing.... I am perfectly ok with dropping the term altogether!

I tend to agree with anon #2; it's a term used by universities to mean that you've passed your qualifying exams and you've done all that's needed to graduate except write the dissertation. That's a pretty big "except," though. What makes the PhD a particularly difficult degree to earn is achievement of writing the dissertation. In the world of employment outside of academia, I don't think that the label ABD has any meaning, or would entice an employer to hire you even if they knew what it meant.

I didn't finish my degree because it was to expensive to pay $3840 every 8 weeks. I had exhausted all of my options. With one child in college and another on the way it was to much. So, yes I'm a quiter.

You know- I hate being stuck in between my masters and my EdD. All I can put next to my name is my M.S. Ed- but I have done all my doc coursework. I am a doc candidate working on my dissertation so I would appreciate being able to at least say ABD, but I have run into people who have been ABD for 10 yrs and they are not even working on their dissertation anymore. What is the right term then?

Then you are (your name) M.S. That's my opinion. I worked long and hard for 7 year's + all while having a FULL time very demanding job and raiseing a family. Do YOUR research and quit trying to be something you are NOT.

This is one reason I wanted to find out what others thought. My opinion is that others are not impressed by the letters ABD after your name. And after all, why are you putting the letters there, if not to tell others something important about your progress? Unlike the M.A., the doctoral degree (in most fields, although I'm aware that in a Psy.D. it's more about clinical experience and supervision) is not mostly about the coursework, but it's about the dissertation. Therefore, it doesn't really say much to let others know that you're ABD. Of course, an employer might want to know how soon you will graduate, in which case it's important to let them know that you've finished the coursework, passed the qualifying exam, and have finished x number o chapters of your dissertation. But again, I don't think letting them know by putting letters after your name is the way to go. Tell them in a letter or in your CV. Unless there is some kind of precedent or different rule in your field.

My impression is that ABD means "Has completed all requirements except dissertation; has not withdrawn from program." ABDs in my field (music) can go out and get academic jobs, with the assumption that they will finish eventually. So it's not a term of shame, and shouldn't be used as one because that lumps together people who just completed all their requirements and are racing ahead on their proposal, people who are 6 years into it and cry themselves to sleep every night, and people who met a wonderful man the following year and decided taking advantage of the childbearing years was more important to them. I seems inaccurate to characterize a person who dropped out/elected not to finish as "ABD," because they are no longer even pretending to seek a degree; more accurate to say they left the program when they were ABD. The 15-year ABD is a cautionary tale for the trembling graduate student, but in practice most schools have a cutoff number of years, and they also make you keep paying while you tell them you still might finish. That said, putting the letters after your name seems silly because it's not a degree. It belongs in the CV and cover letter.

In my department, once you have completed your coursework, language, and qualifying exams you have achieved candidacy. The appropriate way of indicating this level on a CV would be to refer to yourself as a candidate rather than a student. I have always thought of "ABD" as a less formal way of referring to a doctoral candidate vs. a doctoral student. It is used casually, but never appears on any formal documentation.

Hi, I think the use of ABD by so many people who have dropped out has brought an unfortunate taint to the term in some circles. It makes to me that ABD would be used to indicate a particular stage in the degree-earning process, and that one might even apply for jobs while in that stage. As a recruiter for jobs requiring no graduate degree at all, I saw it used all the time in the headers of resumes, typically by people who were so caught up in their own sense of "failure" that, paradoxically, they announced it! Where M.A. or M.S. would have been sufficient - or even impressive - ABD said both, "I didn't finish!" and "I lack confidence." So, I fear that in some circumstances, "real" ABDs are taken for those others.

That is to why this title can not be forever - you are given a timeline to write your dissertation - if undone within a reasonable time then you don't carrry this title anymore.

I am an ABD grad school dropout, and I put MS, if anything. No one is ever impressed with your credentials, and if they are, they probably aren't the sort of person you're trying to impress. I work in administration right now and personally really hate seeing emails from grad students signed Billy Bob, Ph.D. (ABD). It's like cheating, and all of the emails from actual professors are just signed "Jane," no alphabet soup to confuse undergraduates into respecting them. I really don't get it.. if you're just getting the degree for the title, then you won't have the stamina to do much with your career once/if you finish. If you actually are someone important, you go out of your way not to fool with titles like Dr..... Unless of course you have an online EdD, and then it's Dr., even on your credit cards, because you DID buy your degree for the title.

I am assistant professor currently reviewing job applications. If I read an application from an applicant that had the audacity to actually write "ABD" after their name on anything (e.g. cv, cover letter) I would be hard pressed to be able to take their application seriously nevermind have any expectations of ever working with such. It is a "tongue-in-cheek" way of describing status equivalent to using slang on a job app/cover letter.

Thanks for your comments, Karolyn and anonymous assistant professor. I've always thought that it's best to leave off any "non-official" credentials, and explain your status in a cover letter. It's certainly not ok to put Ph.D. and then qualify it with ABD or anything else. You don't have the Ph.D. until you've fully earned it!

Sounds like a bunch of academics drinking their own kool-aid. I'd like to offer a different perspective. When PhD students leave the program and decide to return the real world, they have to explain what they were doing for three years in school. ABD is a simple way to say, "I was in a program, I passed my quals and coarsework, but decided that academia wasn't for me so I left the program before finishing my dissertation." Since this seems to be the common use of the ABD, let it be so.

I challenged a friend who called an ABD a terminal degree. Now she is really mad. Maybe I was wrong. Does anyone consider the ABD a terminal degree?

I don't think anyone considers ABD to be a terminal degree. It just means you've passed all the qualifications to getting your Ph.D. except for the minor detail of writing and defending your dissertation. Many would argue that the classes and comps are just a continuation of undergrad courses, only more intense. It's the dissertation process in their view that separates the women from the girls.

ABD means different things to to different people, depending on what relationship the 'judge' has to educational issues. Factually, ABD means having completed 'All But Disseration', and the reason for that status could be for any number of reasons, not just 'quitters' or 'losers' like some of the emails here naively imply. Some universities require more profound and justifiable dissertations than others do. People who work full time and study part-time may be 'ABD' for a while until they have time and money to finish. ABD does, in any case, mean the holder has accomplished quite a lot more than a Masters degree alone. Some remain terminal ABD due to health problems or heavy family commitments (common enough in recent years in the USA). There a lot of people who have not completed PhDs due to health or economic problems and thus why special PhD completion programs exist, and evaluating that negatively may interpret as bias toward those who do not come from socially or economically privileged backgrounds, or those with health disabilities. Whether or not ABD can be listed with letters after the name is a matter of debate and opinion, and the individual university may or may not endorse usage of the title. In any case, all degrees should be verified with the issuing institution since so many people try to fake credentials they don't really have. You may also need to verify the number of units beyond Masters with the issuing university in order to verify ABD.

Thank you, great reply and should the record straight. FYSA I had cancer and had to take a break from my dissertation research. I did NOT consider myself a loser or quitter. I have reengaged the degree and will finish this year (note, I did keep in communication with my Chair) Regards Thomas Ed.D ABD

I am a school teacher, and having an ABD gives me a "T6" certification status, which is higher than the T5 for the Master's degree. The advantage of getting a T6 is to get a raise, so we can afford finishing our doctorate program.

That is exactly where I am. I don't know that it's going to be worth it to finish. I can opt to get an Eds from my program, but I have to be honest, I've done the work and I do want the title. There it is just so hard to teach middle school and work on a dissertation. I'm currently considering a sabbatical... I don't like to tell people that I'm ABD, they seem to frown upon it.

I currently have to explain my lack of a phd after my program crumbled and left me without anyone to advise me through a diss. I have my coursework completed but did not do my exams and obviously have no diss to speak of. I decided to withdraw and take a few years to explore other venues before applying to another instutution. Any advice on how I might summarize this on a resume/CV? I'm not ABD, I'm not a candidate, I'm not CURRENTLY working toward a degree... ...sticky stuff...help is appreciated...

Some universities, Carnegie Mellon for example, do offer terminal degrees that are essentially the equivalent of gaining ABD status. http://www.cmu.edu/policies/documents/ABD.html I'm guessing that most people who are complaining about ABD grad students writing "ABD" after their names do not have any idea how difficult it is to actually achieve ABD status. I'm sure Anon Professor knows, since he/she apparently completed the PhD. But, many people misconstrue grad school as a walk in the park.

The term "ABD" is a joke. It makes the user seem as though he or she is pretending to have a degree that he or she does not actually have. Worse is when someone with an "ABD" designation insists upon being called "doctor". I regard people who do this with the utmost disdain.

Guys: I have a law degree. If I quit law school halfway through, would I get to call myself a lawyer, "all but the other half of school"? This whole ABD thing is ridiculous. You either did the work to earn the PhD, or you didn't!

Is this blog still live? I am hoping so. I have been using ABD as a credential- as in: Mary Smith, MA, ABD - but from I am reading here that may not be acceptable? I asked my committee chair and he thought it was fine to use...

I believe you should use Doctoral Studies in __(ABD).. that way you do not sell yourself short...after all, 100+ credit hours above a Master's is worth counting...

Hi Anonymous, Yes this blog is still alive, although I have to admit I've let it languish due to a hard year (divorce after 34 years of marriage, sell a house in this market, buy a townhouse and move). Sorry if this is "tmi." I think the term is "acceptable," but the question is, does it achieve what you want? From the responses here, you can see that some people find it derogatory or silly. On the other hand, if you are using it within your university to communicate needed information (e.g. they need to distinguish ABDs from non ABDs), then I would use it. I think it will not do you much good in the job market. But I don't have the final word. It's in the eye of the beholder. So think of the eventual audience when you use the term "ABD."

One person, a teacher, got a raise with the ABD. I know that small universities consider ABDs over folks with just a masters. Folks who say its nonsense simply don't know. If you can get a job or a raise as a result, it has currency.

The best answer I have read about the use of "ABD" is from this APA.org page: http://www.apa.org/monitor/feb06/ethics.aspx. Clearly, according to the American Psychological Association, the use of "ABD" after one's name has the potential to be misleading and therefore unethical. If you read this whole page (following the link), you'll see that the APA considers it a useful acronym when discussing or writing about one's status with other professionals in universities, but NOT when communicating with potential clients or consumers. I totally agree, and as a doctoral student myself, I get somewhat worked up about this issue. I will soon reach the comprehensive exams (July) and then I could be considered an "ABD," but I am not going to put it next to my name. I will still just be an MA and an LMHCA in this state. I look forward to being Ed.D. and LP, but I am not there yet!

I believe you should write it out...Doctoral Studies in ___(ABD)...that way its not misleading...

I would say, after reading over the comments so far, that it's important to be aware of your audience and the context in which you use the term. In some cases it may help get you a raise, as in the K-12 educational system, and in others it may make you seem naive if you put it after your name. I would guess that it's best to include the information that you passed all the course requirements for the Ph.D. but didn't write a dissertation in the cover letter. Even there, you want to make sure that this is a context where people admire course work completion and aren't looking for dissertation completion (and all that this accomplishment entails).

I believe if write..Doctoral Studies in ___ABD), it's no harm giving accountability to what you have earned, or just Doctoral Studies in ___ and leave it just like that....

So here is the problem that I am currently in with the use of ABD. I am applying for a job i hope to get in 2 months. As of today, I have finished writing my diss and have submitted it to my advisor for correction which will then go to my committee. The defense will happen shortly too. The issue comes with a pull down menu for the application that lists BS, MS, ABD and PhD. The job requires a PhD but I currently do not have it yet. If I put down PhD, I am lying, if I put down ABD then I feel like I am saying I am not planning on finishing. Any thoughts?

Hi Nathan, Is there any opportunity to write a cover letter? Are there any fill in the blank questions with enough places to explain? It will hurt your job chances not to put Ph.D. (I'm assuming this), so I would put it and explain in some way -- you could even call the HR director. It must be a big company if they don't allow any type of human contact!

I would put Doctoral Studies in ____ and level as this until the interview...

They ask for a separate resume/CV which i am going to put down with a graduation date. The concern though is that the job posted has a requirement of a PhD so I am assuming that they understand that ABD means work in progress and not dropout but i dont want my app dropped due to one line. It would have been nice if they had a box that came up with ABD asking for expected graduation date but alas, they dont.

Why not use the more commonly accepted term for ABD? It is a Master's degree. I don't recall this designation being accepted in other programs. Either you complete the PhD or you don't. If I see ABD on a resume I think Master's.

If I see ABD...I automatically see that the person is accounting for hours spent in PHD program...so what I suggest is simply writing it out...such as, Doctoral Studies in ___ and leave it such ad this...

I'm actually not sure if all ABDs have a Master's degree. Some Ph.D. programs, I think, don't grant a master in a "terminal Ph.D" program. Does anyone know for sure if all ABD's in terminal Ph.D. programs are granted a master's degree?

Al C., MS, ABD, here...& my sources tell me that unlike the Bachelor's Degree a doctoral candidate does not mean that the student has also obtained a Masters Degree. I am in Comps & use 'ABD' in my current CV only w/an explanation in my cover letter to prospective clients & employers (Consultant).

You would say... Doctoral Studies in____ and leave it for the interview...

ABD *does* carry weight. You get two chances to pass your comp exams. If you fail at the exams, you're out of the program. No other chances, no other universities, your career path as a PhD is gone. Not all PhD candidates pass their comps. Columbia has a fail rate of 50%. Bravo to those who do pass their comps and continue their research!

Agree. One either has a PhD or does not. The dissertation is integral and essential. Bailing means one does not have a PhD.

I think what most is trying to say is ... Doctoral Studies in ___, I never looked at as one trying to overdrive it to PHD...I think most just want recognition for that part.. I also believe there should be at least some type of certification given considering the time and money..

Only academics get hung up on the minutiae of title designations. I do have to disagree with some comments that indicated that ABDs are quitters. I completed my coursework and passed my language exams, writtens, and orals but my committee wanted to stonewall my candidacy because one of the members had personal issues with me that I was not aware of. So I never quit on grad school and unfortunately, I will have to file an academic appeal because of the intent of the committee to block anything that I present as a prospectus.

It's more of a major accomplishment that need to be rewarded and honored as well.. Such as, certification in _____ should the dissertation not be completed...that is, Doctoral Studies in.... on a resume is appropriate.

The bottom line is that ABD is not a title or a degree. It is a status of two different types of people who have completed ALL of the requirements for a Ph.D. (or equivalent degree, which is another controversial issue) BUT the DISSERTATION. 1) those who are working on dissertations and intend to finish and 2) those who are not working on the dissertation and who don't intend to finish. Using this status in ways appropriate to one's academic or professional context is sometimes okay, but treating it like a degree is inappropriate.

I'm sorry that happened to you, hootenany. I agree that ABDs are not quitters. In fact, I applaud people who make a courageous decision not to follow a path that doesn't feel right for them. In your case, I really hope that the grievance issue gets you the desired result. No one deserves to be treated that way.

I can certainly understand that psychologist would like to protect their field by not showing acceptance to those using Ph.D. ABD. I can also understand that those who have put forth un-measureable effort in attaining a M.S. in psychology, completing all course work, passing comprehensive exams, and are deep into writing and completing their dissertation should be given recognition and allowed to use "some type of acronym" if not ABD; the use of Doctoral Researcher means nothing, in fact it is somewhat condescending for you don't have to be a grad student to hold that title. On a more personal note...I have earned a MS and in the doctoral PhD program; and have completed all course work (3.8/4.0), passed the comp exam (it was brutal), and am now gathering info and writing my dissertation to be completed by 12/2012. Given this information, I should be allowed to use as a measure of recognition: Ph.D. ABD, Doctoral Researcher. Oh sure, we even have a loan over $100,000 in an economy and through our leader who has never held a job.

The poster who said an ABD = Masters must never have attended graduate school. Not at all interchangeable. I've been 50 pages shy of completing a diss for nearly 2 years. What's keeping me? My sick child. Finishing the diss isn't all about determination. Some academics (or academic wannabes) are so busy being enthralled with their own specialness that they can't see past their own belly buttons.

In my department, ABD is also used to "qualify" you to teach as an adjunct. Many internal job postings will have "masters or ABD" as the primary requirement. Since our program doesn't offer the terminal masters, it allows people who may not have completed a masters prior to enrolling in our PhD program equal footing in the job application process. I'm in a rather large program at a huge public research university and NOBODY uses ABD as any sort of badge of honor. It's just a way to internally classify people, mainly for various sorts of employment opportunities inside the university--teaching, research or T/A jobs, etc. Some "superstar" profs will only take ABD as T/As for instance. Hope this helps...

"I have, though, occasionally run into the term ABD being used as a somewhat disparaging designation for one who fulfills the formal degree requirements of the Ph.D. but never finishes the dissertation" Yeah, but I still agree with the literal Carnegie Mellon definition, which is honestly descriptive of a level of accomplishment. After all there are academic snobs with Habilitations who have the same attitude towards PhDs. Maybe we could have another term for ABDs who haven't bailed out and are still *continuing* their dissertation work. How about ABCDs? (Just kidding.)

Hi there.... My dad got an ABD because the school administration changed staff and policies while he was working on his dissertation, and when he submitted it, it wasn't accepted because it didn't meet the requirements of the new administrative standards.... The administrators were kind enough to give him a second Masters degree since he put in all the work. Totaling 1 ABD, 2 MA, 2 BA, 1 AA All he ever wanted to become was a fucking teacher. And no school would hire him because he was too smart "cost too much" because he was qualified to teach at least 6 subjects at a college level. And he grew up and worked so hard just to be so poor he couldn't home school his kids.

I actually am ABD and didn't "bail" on my dissertation. In fact, one of my directors bailed on me when she quit her job about a semester before I was due to finish, and the department informed me she had never actually filled out any paperwork to ever be my director in the first place, so I was left high and dry without a director. Then, the replacement took his time filling out the appropriate paperwork...it was a lot of rigmarole that had little to do with what I'd actually written up to that point, which was about 80% of my goal. That's not "bailing" on anything; my stamina got redirected to dealing with bureaucracy and paperwork instead of my subject matter. The only thing I didn't do was defend my paper. I think therefore that ABD, though a general term, lets departments know that you've got a little something extra; it just doesn't come with a degree attached.

In technical fields at some universities, you don't pass your qualifying exam unless you essentially have an academic paper completed. The rest of your dissertation corresponds to two other academic papers. So, ABD should never be taken to mean anything except what it is (dissertation was not finished). Every other sentiment corresponds to snobbery (something in ample supply at many schools). I worked with an ABD who I consider to be better than most of the PhDs today (an old school physicist). That being said, I am an ABD and plan on finishing soon. I admit that I would give preference to a PhD over an ABD if everything else was equal. Of course, everything else is never equal. And I consider many other things to be more important than whether or not you completed your dissertation. None of this applies to you if you work for brilliantly incompetent managers (e.g., the overwhelming majority of state and federal government positions).

I review resumes and forward worthy applicants for possible employment. I highly suggest not to use the ABD. Either you have the degree or you don't. That's how this employer looks at it regardless if you're in the process of completing your dissertation. Also, to call not completing it a "minor thing" is an absolute insult to those folks who did the work to earn their Ph.D. Again, omit the ABD from the job application and on your CV. I agree with the previous posted comment stating that ABD should be used only for internal academic use.

Anonymous, you said, "I review resumes and forward worthy applicants for possible employment." (Just being clear which "Anonymous" I'm addressing) :) Yours is a valuable comment because you've been on the "other side." People need to be careful when they're applying for a job not to confuse or annoying anyone on the hiring committee. Thank you for taking the time to give us your point of view.

I strongly disagree with the posts above that "ABD" (as status/level of achievement) should be disregarded because ABDs are quitters... Quitters, my.... Do you even know how much it takes to get to the ABD stage? Second, it may not be useful to call yourself ABD if you are in, say, history or psychology - but ABD in economics/finance is extremely highly regarded and equivalent to Phd when it comes to working in the private sector. Not without a reason!

Have to disagree with calling people with ABDs "quitters." I never quit—I worked up to the end of my time limit, but ran out of time, and there were other things going on as well. Ph.D.s who did defend their dissertations didn't suffer half as much as I did getting half my dissertation finished; in fact, if you're getting the work done, that's great, but it's hardly survival. At that level, actually writing the thing is easy—because if you're in a Ph.D. program, it's likely you've never failed a paper in your life, anyway. What's hard is dealing with everything about life that comes your way—funding, food, relationships, etc. And to think that ABD can mean so much, from either passing the comps exam (a lot of work unto itself—it's pretty much all the research for the dissertation, leaving you with naught but the writing), to actually writing it but getting sidetracked for a myriad reasons. Calling ABDs quitters is just an ignorant statement.

I wound up becoming an ABD. I was on my way to earn an Ed.D. degree but eventually realized all of the additional education was in no way helping me with my job search. I am a high school teacher and aspiring to become a Vice Principal. I always felt that furthering my education would make me a more desirable candidate---I could not be anymore wrong. I struggled to even get preliminary interviews. I would submit 30-50 applications to job postings annually and was lucky if I was called for 2 interviews. It left me feeling extremely demoralized. I came so far into the program and had completed my comprehensive exam and was almost done with my dissertation proposal when I just gave up and said to myself "the hell with this." I was losing jobs I interviewed for to candidates with just a Master's and even less teaching experience than me. I no longer felt the additional debt I would have accrued was worth the pain and hard work. Fortunately, I completed enough credits to at least take an Ed.S. with me (Educational Specialist degree) and get paid at the level of Masters + 30 Credits. My district doesn't have an additional level for teachers with a doctorate. In the beginning it was hard, but I no longer regret my decision. I've had a certification for 5 years now and still haven't even been able to put it to use.

So for those of you who disparage the use of ABD, what do you suggest to represent those of us who are at this stage and still have the dissertation to write? I just passed my comps two weeks ago, and I would like to be able to share this information with my co-workers and future employers without a lot of explanation. So what fits in a signature file and is not offensive? Doctoral Learner and Doctoral Candidate both do not fit. I've been a Doctoral Learner since the first days of my degree program, and Doctoral Candidate often refers to someone who is in the final stages of writing or defending their dissertation. My Ed.S. looks good on my signature line, but it does not really reflect my level of academic accomplishment.

I just want to put in my 2 cents. I am in a PhD program right now in statistics (actually biostats) and considering going ABD, and finishing up while working because it makes so much more sense financially. As a employee, my value to the company greatly increases from master's to ABD, so there IS a significant different in amount of knowledge learned in those two extra years. Our written preliminary exams and oral qualifying exams are not easy and if I were hiring I would definitely choose a ABD candidate over a master's degree. Why not finish then? Because I could get a six figure salary right now. And further more, the stuff that comes after the ABD, ie research and dissertation writing is so narrow in my field that's it's unlikely I will use that specific knowledge in any job that I apply for. And I think that's the case for a lot of people. Whereas prior to ABD, that knowledge from the prelims and quals is much more broad but still rigorous. My conclusion is in my field, there is almost no different in hiring a phD ABD versus phD in terms of quality of candidate because most likely what that person worked on during their dissertation will not be relevant to their day to day work anyhow. I would still like to complete my phD though, the only reason I'm considering working first after ABD status is because it makes so much more sense financially not because I'm some kind of quitter or because I cannot get the phD!

To the lawyer above re your comments not relevant because with kaw school tge equivalent is different. Academically ABD have done all the work if course requirements exams comprehensive qualifying ...all that is left the dissertation...it would be like telling a law student no Juris Doctorate until you pass tthe Bar Exam....Having both MA degrees law degree and finalizing a doctorate in a diff field I see it this way....Give people credit for what they have successfully accomplished...dont diminish them ...ABD is ok to acknowledge .

I didn't finish my Ed.D because my sister died and I had to settle her estate (no will) and then my dad died and I had to settle his estate (no will). I lost the drive to write without my two biggest cheerleaders in my court. However, when I did pick up the drive again, it was too late. UOP has a deadline for submitting dissertations and finishing the program. I was wondering if anyone knew where I could pick up and finish my dissertation. Do other schools take on ABD students?

I am not an expert, however being one who has just successfully competed their comps (yeah!) and after much review of ABD vs candidate, there sure are many differing views and opinions. In addition, many universities vary in their approach as well as to whether they recognize ABD, some do and some do not. In my experience, we have come to understand that it's important to determine who clearly is "working" on their dissertation currently and who is not (AKA who dropped out and has no plans to finish). This can be determined of course either on a resume by dates if listed or in the interview process. I found this blog because I was trying to determine the best way to represent my situation. On my resume I clearly state the following to ensure they know I am currently in process and not a drop out with no intention of finishing. I still struggle with whether to keep the ABD or not so hence that's why I came to the blog. But here's a sample of how it might look. Ph.D. student (ABD) XXXXXXX University January 2011 – Present Currently entering the research and dissertation phase of the Ph.D., Leadership for Higher Education program with completion goal date of August 2014. All coursework completed in June 2013 as well comprehensive examination passed in October 2013.

I will preface my comment by saying I think the nature of ABD may be different in various fields. When it comes to History, a Master's degree is nowhere near as advanced as ABD or Doctoral Candidacy. To become ABD you have to become an expert in your field, completing extensive readings and comprehensive exams -- these are not required of Masters-level students. The dissertation is new work utilizing all that you have learned, and will give you a deeper grounding in your field, but the field studies/candidacy exams help make you qualified to teach in your area. So, as a candidate who completed 20 hours more coursework than the Masters students, and who wrote 160 pages but timed out due to family & personal health issues, and as someone seeking work teaching in my fields, I really want to find a way to show that my education was more than a Masters degree. (And in seeking work outside academia, I would like to explain why I took 7 years to complete a Masters degree). So if anybody has useful advice on how to address the years of unemployment and the mastery of my field that can't be captured through listing of the Masters degree I actually received, I would be grateful.

That's an important distinction, anon from history. I think you must use whatever designation helps potential employers know the most about you. If in your field, it is generally known to mean a certain set of accomplishments, why not make use of it?

I don't have an issue with the term at all. It's widely used. I once made the mistake of using the term in conversation with an ABD who is a small campus dean who had never heard the term. In denial, maybe?

So Gina, why don't you tell us something we don't know. College is a business and business's are motivated to make money. Once a candidate advances to ABD and strives towards reaching some of the SMR/IRB milestones they either go broke, loose their family, and/or just keep paying the university quarterly. Just so you can be shot down by your mentor. The real question is "HOW MUCH MONEY DOES IT TAKE TO FEED THE UNIVERSITY MILKING MACHINE? Scenario 1 An ABD is unemployed, GI Bill was erased, and one of his parents lives 1,000 miles away and is terminal. The small amount of $ made via online courses is going towards the Univ for PhD. Now he needs to temp stop PhD program (No more funds); what are the alternatives in getting back to college to finish up?

An active ABD must leave the PhD program for (1) Family health resins, and (2) all funding is depleted. what are the alternatives for someone who has an ABD to get PhD somewhere? Thank you so much

Very interesting reading in this blog! Opinions vary like, well, pick your variable... I'm coming to believe that the value of the "ABD" designation depends strongly on the field of study (this blog has enlightened my view!). It's apparent that for some, it is highly regarded, and for others, perhaps not. I obtained a Ph.D. in the early 1990s in a field (~ a form of applied physics) where one completes coursework and oral prelims (aka comps) within about two years after program admission. Then you spend the next few years (typically, 3-4) doing the research and writing it up (while concurrently publishing some peer-reviewed papers). I spent 5.5 years beyond my B.S. (no M.S.), about 3.5 of which was post-oral prelims. In my field, it is what you did during those last years that people use to develop an opinion of your qualifications, and not the coursework, which is considered a given. However, in many of the non-physical or non-biological sciences, it is the coursework that seems to be the key indicator of ability or suitability for a particular job. As someone mentioned, it could be that no one cares about your dissertation work. Funny thing is, where I work (a National Lab), the Ph.D. designation carries less and less weight the longer one works - it gets you in, but the performance during your employment is what ends up being key. No one here uses letters behind their names - it'd be like a sign telling people you're an ass. An elitist, fresh Ph.D. would be quickly straightened out. Anyway, my $0.02, at no charge to any readers! ;-)

I am currently an ABD student at an institution that is mentioned in this thread. I have completed all the placement exams, qualifying coursework, seminar requirement, oral research progress exam, original research proposal and oral exam, and have enough material to write a 200page dissertation, although I could finish one with 140pages, and already have 60 pages of that done. I will not receive a PhD because my adviser did not get the promotion he wanted and quit to take a job at another university. As there is no research adviser at my institution that performs the type of research I have done I am unable to transfer to another group, and unable to complete my PhD dissertation as I have no adviser or committee chair anymore to see over the thesis dissertation. I could transfer to another group and begin the original research process again at a committement of another 2 years, but at that point although I am learning a new branch of my field I have already demonstrated that I can carry forward original research, making it highly superfluous and just something to appease the meritocracy that often is established around PhDs. A masters in the field I am in is only required to take 6 full time graduate courses, and has no other formal requirements for presentations or exams. I would say ABD shows commitment and work far beyond a Masters in that case. It depends on the field of study the person was in often, but it shows more than

I'm sorry, I come from the REAL world. I got my PHD to reach a goal my mother always wanted for herself and it became my dream. It took me a long time, it put me in debt, it caused me problems with my employer, myself and even with my wife and our children. But, you are never more than you accomplished. I equavelate this to saying you climbed 75% of Mt. Everest. You did NOT make it. Regardless of the best excuses, you didn't make it.

wow.. Here in Puerto Rico ABD is used when you are writing, still some people write "Ph.D in progress" By the way... I'm proud of having an ABD, and yes I'm writing.. But at the same I think that there are diffrent reasons for those that drop-out... some don't have the guts.. but others don't have the money. Yo see. in Puerto rico we have helps to finish a doctoral degree.. out of 51 credits the federal grants paids 70%.. the rest is paid by the student. Dissestatin is the most expensive part of it all.. we need to paid for the statistics, reader, editor, specialist... so most dont finish...such is life justMe, ABD, defending may 2016

My Master of Science required advanced course work, a Scholarly research project, and a thesis (+ defense). I would claim that this exceeds that of "ABD" because the thesis was based on original research, while ABD does not include a thesis defense. Also, if one is pursuing a Ph.D. in the UK, then by definition, ABD is automatic the moment the student begins the program, since in the UK, there are no qualifying exams or course work. I favor the UK Ph.D. academic system, because the only requirement is a dissertation (demonstration of original research), which is the main point of going to graduate school in the first place.

In the business school market for new assistant professors, the job descriptions often read "ABD considered if Ph.D. completion date is before start date of position." This means that doctoral candidates can apply before they graduate with Ph.D. in hand, if they finish before the assistant professor term starts. So for us, on the job market each summer, ABD = doctoral candidate = one who has completed all coursework, comprehensive exams, defended their dissertation proposal, and who is *just* working on finishing the dissertation before graduating with a Ph.D. in the near future. So ABD is used as shorthand both by the hiring business schools, and by those candidates applying for the positions. It indicates "gotta finish--all other requirements but diss must be out of the way" or "gonna finish--I finished everything else but the diss and that will be done before your job starts" respectively. It's a relatively important designation for us. So when you're on the job market the phrase is bandied about quite frequently.

You know, I'm from the real world too - and I find some of these comments appalling. I know two people who were cut off by a major university when they dropped the program we were all in. I only had two courses down - so eh -- but one of my friends was ABD. For 18 months we were told that we would be given another adviser, then we were told that the program was being closed and we COULD transfer to a "general studies" ph.d. if we wished. The ph.d. we were in was highly technical, so that was not a choice. I stewed for years (I also work full time) and then went to another university to finish the degree. I do not blame those who did not, but simply gave up ever having a ph.d. however - does that mean that with no punishment to the uni for simply dropping people, those people must be themselves punished to assure your academic purity? It's disgusting to read the supercilious arrogance of some of you. I don't know your fields, but I know in technology their degrees are still respected.

I am conducting dissertation research on adults that graduated from a "dissertation required" doctoral program. In addition, I want to hear from the student who had to withdraw from the same type of program as an ABD. Research can facilitate a greater understanding of the understudied ABD population, and give them a chance for their voice to be heard. If you are interested, please copy and paste the link below: Link to survey: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/REGENT_SURVEYA Deadline to Respond: August 15, 2015 For additional information contact: PI: Dinah DeFord [email protected] or [email protected]

There is a terminal degree between the master's and the doctorate, in Education. It is called the Ed.S., which I have. I completed all the same coursework as my Doctoral candidate peers, passed my comps and my orals. The only difference is that I didn't write a dissertation, the program completed at that point with the degree. My husband was in the same department as I was, but was a Ed.D candidate. We took courses together, had the same tests, and he never wrote his dissertation. We refer to him as "ABD" at times so people can understand what happened, but would NEVER write that anywhere! He writes his degree as MS. Ed. Both of us have exactly the same education.

I don't see a way to follow your blog? I'd like to ask you some questions.

I just came across a profile of my coworker on a law firm website. In his profile on the website, he talked about attending Ph.D. program and his research. It really gives an impression that he got his Ph.D. I know for the fact hat he didn't get his Ph.D. Thus, his profile is rather misleading, which violates the ethic conduct for attorney. And then, I see that under the education (side tap of the profile), he wrote "{ABD)" under his Ph.D. degree. So now, I know the meaning of ABD. I think it is misleading the public who may look for attorney and are not familiar with the meaning of ABD.

My Code of Ethics clearly states that ABD is never to be used

I am sorry, but I will be 78 years old and am still getting my PhD. I worked hard-yes, I am a Candidate, but I will use PhD, ABD for now, as I did not drop out.

law schools don't usually have dissertations, so he was just being clear on that. "A dissertation is a body of research written by a candidate for an academic degree. Candidates for the Juris Doctor degree are not required to write a dissertation to obtain their degree. Rather, they are required to take rigorous legal writing courses as prescribed by the American Bar Association."

I'm a doctoral student who decided to pursue this dream at age 58. Now, at almost 60, I have completed all but dissertation, while working a full time job in education. It's been tough and I am I nto my dissertation as I type. When I had completed all but my dissertation, I announced to my friends and family that I was ABD, with one more hurdle left. I think students all feel the same way I do... it is just a milestone on the pathway to the final achievement. I'm hoping to have all complete, edited, defended and ready for publication by Summer 2017. To me ABD simply shows me light at the end of the long tunnel.

Dear Tired Doctoral Student, congratulations on your accomplishment, especially while holding down a full time job. I agree with you that ABD is a milestone, and a huge milestone (equivalent in some cases to a Master's Degree). The metaphor of the light at the end of the tunnel is a perfect way to describe it.

What is the usual time limitation a university allows for completion, defense etc. of the dissertation? I know someone who was an adjunct and used ABD. He is 10 to 12 years out of his program and I think definitely no longer working on his diss. I thought that for a while you could be a "candidate" but that at some point, you simply "left the program" if you didn't write the diss. The guy I know continues to tell people he will finish the diss someday. The university where he teaches recently let him go as they discovered he not only didn't have a PhD, he also didn't have a masters. (Apparently this was a dual program where you achieve both degrees or neither.) Not sure how they missed that for so long.

It is one thing not to finish your dissertation it is quite another to not have your MBA. Every university requests transcripts when hiring teachers as well as professors to teach their students for good reason. If a job candidate does not show a transcript that lessens the job hiring into the desired position. Furthermore, if a persoon has submitted a transcript that is faux it is highly against university rules and that person will face consequences. To answer your question about completion of dissertation to the best of my knowledge each university has different rules and policies. There are certain rules a person must follow when being in the All But Dissertation status (ie - cannot use Dr. before name is a good example along with other specific items) In this case it sounds like issues run deeper as this person may have more important things to be concerned about.

I'm an ABD. Having both an ABD and a separate Master's degree in Finance, I can safely report that to say that the ABD is "equivalent in some cases to a Master's Degree" is totally silly. The ABD is far, far advanced beyond the Master's Degree. The Master's degree requires about 1 year of work after the bachelor's degree. The ABD in most cases can only be achieved with about 3 years of grueling effort at a fundamentally higher level, getting your teeth kicked in anew every week, the whole way along. We're talking totally different leagues here - there's really no comparison. Moreover, some here have written that the ABD is a negative sign in that it is a signal of a person who "dropped out" of doctoral work. Nothing could be further from the truth; at least that is not necessarily the case. Obviously, whoever wrote that has never done doctoral work. The comment reveals incredible ignorance of the range of realities facing students in doctoral programs in the United States, at least in finance and economics. In my case, I didn't drop out - I was *pushed* out of the program, as were 75% of the doctoral students in our program like me, when half the faculty in our department turned over and our advisors allowed us to be devoured by the wolves of circumstance. To insinuate that ABDs all *make the decision* to become ABD is completely asinine. It wasn't my choice at all. And by the way, I thank God every day for not allowing me to complete the Ph.D. I am far, far advanced today both professionally and personally beyond where I would have ended up had I "chosen" to continue on for the Ph.D. 10 years ago. The ABD has received training that is *far* advanced beyond any Masters degree. If you're an alternate for the Olympic team, and you just miss the cut at the end, you're still playing the game at a fundamentally higher level than the college athlete that wins their conference championship. Doctoral work is not "like Masters work just a little harder." It's a completely different level of play. People put ABD on their resume because they know when a hiring manager like me who *actually* understands what it means sees that, they will gain instant credibility in my eyes. Our company has hired multiple ABDs and has benefited from their advanced skills, training, and most importantly *grit* reflected in these individuals, over the last 10 years. If any manager turns away an ABD only due to some perceived "negative signal" associated with a person claiming the ABD designation, I can assure you that manager is basically an idiot, or at least disgracefully ignorant of what ABD actually means and is thereby doing their company a disservice. Either way, they should probably be getting their own resume ready.

Thank you for your post regarding ABD. I was in a situation working quite hard toward finishing the dissertation and unfortunately needed to step back. In my case, my PhD is in Global Business and I have an MBA in Business Administration. I can fully relate with what has been mentioned on knowledge gained through working. I have obtained more knowledge through work experience than what I would of gotten through completion of the dissertation writing. Even thogh I would love to complete my ABD status I have not done so as of yet; will I complete it, maybe but as for now it's sitting in limbo because I'm happy with my work status and the experiences that are being learned. I would like to thank you for sharing your comments about using ABD on a resume or CV this lets me know I am doing what is right for my career focus.

I don't see an ABD as quitters. I finished all my coursework and my study. I was approved by my committee for my writing up through my 3rd chapter. I was in the midst of completing the writing of my 4th chapter on the stats when I experienced a brain adenoma that adversely affected me being able to complete on time. And the university would not approve a medical exception. So I am stuck as an ABD because I can't afford to pay to repeat the entire program and I had already completed my study. So not all ABDs are quitters.

I AM an ABD and I did NOT bail, quit or fail. I chose the Wrong Program and found out Too Late in the process THAT: students were being USED for profit and so were the Chairs who often had too many students to properly manage. We Fell through the cracks having one chair after another replaced only to find the next chair MIA, or off to serve active duty as an admiral etc. My Best chair after the THIRD one, Died abruptly. No one can imagine how disheartening it can be to have worked for years on your Dissertation After having successfully completed all Course work to discover your University KNEW the ultimate fate would be ABD due to THEIR intentional sabotage. I cannot discuss any specifics due to legal issues but I WILL stand FIRM and say no amount of disparaging comments from those who were fortunate to get their three letters will make me feel ashamed of my years of hard work only to find I had been sabotaged. I WILL say ABD and I KNOW the assumptions and prejudgemental remarks and snickers but I KNOW and that is good enough for me. In this society knowing how greed an corruption often finds those who can often will take advantage of anyone Vulnerable I donor believe anyone should judge any Group as a Group when there Exists Individual circumstances. You got yours GOOD. My WORK acknowledged by my statement if being ABD does not take ANY thing away from You. It also grants me NO Privileges to SAY ABD but it also affirms what LONG Hours in EARNEST I SCrificed to be Screwed with my other cohort members by GREEDY Corp EXECS. So YES I AM AN ABD an PROUD of it! And BTW CONGRATS you Pompous PhDs😀

MANY ABDs have OUR stories and MANY of us did NOT Quit Nor BAIL. Some had illness some had LIFE happen to Them. Some had Greedy Corp Execs paying Chairs so Little and burdened them with Too Many Students that the students Never really had a chair at all. I had Ine chair disappear without notice only to be told months later he was called to active duty as an admiral?? Then my next chair DIED he was the Best and the rest just disappeared MIA. My other cohort members experienced the same. I worked HARD finished all but the D. YES I AM a Proud ABD. Congrats to You PhD. But I will not care one iota what ANY one THINKS really. I did THIS for ME and I Earned Every Letter of MY ABD thank you. And IF you are Worthy of YOUR PhD you would NOT PRE JUDGE. After all isn't Tgat What Your Research Taught You? Here is to ALL ABDs. OWN it! You. EARNED it every Single Letter!!😀

Unfortunately, I do not think that academic institutions care about the designation of ABD because it is not a terminal degree. In the 3 years that I have been ABD, I have never used it in any sort of academic correspondence or anything at all related to my job/job searches. I am finally about to defend my dissertation, but I had many ups and downs with my committee - people quitting/getting sick, etc. There were factors that were just out of my hands. I feel fortunate to have clawed back to a place where I do have an opportunity to finish. Not everyone is that fortunate. While I agree that it really isn't the same as a terminal degree, there is something to be said for a student who does 60 credits of coursework beyond a Masters degree, passes written comps, passes oral comps, etc. That is a significant body of work. Some of the comments in this thread are demeaning: a "quitter" or a "loser" does not complete this much work. There are any number of obstacles that might complicate someone completing the dissertation. I think we who have been in the struggle owe each other a little compassion and acknowledgement of the work that has been completed by those who are ABD. I applaud your hard work.

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/images/cornell/logo35pt_cornell_white.svg" alt="abd phd candidate"> Cornell University --> Graduate School

Twelve doctoral candidates lobby on capitol hill.

May 13, 2024

By Katya Hrichak

Twelve doctoral candidates traveled from the Ithaca campus and Weill Cornell Medicine in New York City to Capitol Hill April 17 for the annual Cornell Ph.D. Student Advocacy Day.

Students engaged in meetings with members of Congress and their staffs to discuss how federal funding impacted their ability to access graduate education and advance their doctoral research. They also met with Graduate School alumni and others with experience working as policy fellows with various agencies and organizations.

“Networking with government officials and students in science policy was not only thrilling but informative,” said nutrition doctoral candidate Andrea Robinson. “It reminded me that scientists and science experts play essential roles in the policymaking process as a whole.”

Three Graduate School doctoral candidates and one Weill Cornell student who participated in Advocacy Day were also selected to attend the American Association for the Advancement of Science Catalyzing Advocacy in Science and Engineering (AAAS CASE) Workshop April 14-17 in Washington. There, the students learned more about communicating and advocating as scientists, the inner workings of Congress and roles of staffers, and the policy work of federal agencies.

“I was able to witness the makings of the difficult but necessary task of pushing policy through legislation,” said Robinson, who participated in both the AAAS CASE Workshop and Advocacy Day. “It opened my eyes to possible job prospects at the intersections of science and government.”

During the workshop, students learned about the federal budget process, the structure of Congress, the policymaking process, and effective communication of science and research to policymakers.

Many staff and members of Congress encouraged the students to continue their advocacy and explore post-graduate opportunities like the AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellowships.

“I went to Cornell Advocacy Day without knowing much about how the federal government’s public policy worked,” said Socrates Wong, a doctoral candidate in electrical and computer engineering. “While I have always understood how the government itself worked—branches, constitution, checks and balances, etc.—going to Cornell Advocacy Day allowed me to truly understand how policies are set beyond what was portrayed in politics in media and textbooks.”

Advocacy Day was co-organized by the Office of Federal Relations, the Graduate School Office of Inclusion and Student Engagement, and Weill Cornell Graduate School and was co-sponsored by the Graduate School’s Careers Beyond Academia, part of the Career and Professional Development Office.