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DMAIC is a popular Six Sigma process in the world of statistics and business. There’s a good chance you’ve heard the term before, but what exactly is it? Each letter represents a particular part of the methodology. DMAIC stands for Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control.
Whether the industry is manufacturing, marketing, retail, military, or HR, Six Sigma practitioners can use the DMAIC process for improvement projects. Following the five steps allows businesses to systematically find and fix issues, ultimately boosting productivity and quality. This article will explain the DMAIC process steps and provide a DMAIC process example.
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5 steps in the dmaic process, dmaic process example.
The DMAIC process is important because it allows you to improve your business by creating a systematic approach for identifying problems, creating solutions, and measuring the success of your product or process improvement project.
First, the DMAIC process helps you get an overview of the situation and identify potential problems with your product or service. It’s also important to understand what success looks like in order to know how to measure it.
Second, the DMAIC process helps you look at your resources and see what you have available to tackle the problem. This will help you decide what’s feasible and what isn’t—and that’s especially important if you have a budget or timeline to stick to for improvements.
Third, the DMAIC process gives you a plan for tackling those issues so that when you’re looking at your data and making decisions about moving forward, they’re based on facts rather than feelings or assumptions.
In the DMAIC Define Phase , you will define the problem or opportunity. You’ll define what you want to improve in your process. This involves defining the goal and developing an understanding of what success will look like. You will also identify the current situation and how it compares to your desired outcome. This includes identifying any constraints or limitations and determining if there is adequate support for achieving success.
In the DMAIC Measure Phase , you will measure key aspects of the current process by collecting data to obtain quantitative evidence about its current state. You’ll compare it with the ideal state. You’ll measure defects or other metrics that indicate problems with your process. This evidence helps you identify where improvement opportunities exist to drive future actions.
In the DMAIC Analyze Phase , you will analyze the data to identify root causes. You’ll analyze trends in your data using statistical techniques such as control charts or ANOVA analysis to determine if there are any factors impacting quality that you can eliminate from your process. You may also use decision models such as Pugh charts or cause-and-effect diagrams to evaluate alternatives and select appropriate solutions for implementation.
In the DMAIC Improve Phase , you will improve the process by implementing solutions based on what you learned during the analysis. These solutions require clear specifications so they can be implemented consistently. In addition, you should document these changes in case they need to be replicated later.
In the DMAIC Control Phase , you will control the new process to prevent problems from recurring. You’ll monitor results after making improvements to ensure they are working as planned.
So how does this all come together in a real-life scenario? Let’s walk through a hypothetical scenario of how a nonprofit organization uses DMAIC methodology .
Let’s say the nonprofit company wants to increase its fundraising success with outbound calls made to clients who signed up for newsletters on their website but chose not to make an online donation.
The company would first need to define what success looks like with outbound calls and how it will be measured.
In this case, the company aimed to increase conversion rates from 45% to 50%. The company used the length of contact and conversion metrics to define successful and unsuccessful calls. They defined a successful call as lasting longer than two minutes. Additionally, they defined conversion as when a donation was made during a call.
Key aspects of the call experience would then be identified and monitored.
Now that the Six Sigma project team has defined the goal and metrics, they must collect data about the successful and unsuccessful calls. In this case, the company created a process map to understand the current process. They recorded data regarding several factors, such as the script used during the call, the time of day the outbound team made the call, and how much time had passed since the user had signed up for the newsletter before the outbound team made the call.
The project team brainstormed potential explanations for the unsuccessful calls. The conversion rate was the primary metric, so a fishbone diagram was utilized to depict the link between the many factors at play.
Data would be collected and analyzed to identify any areas where the calls were more likely to lead to a successful call or a conversion.
After gathering information, the next step is to analyze it statistically. The project team devised a preliminary hypothesis testing the call data. This testing revealed that the time of day the outbound team made the call and the time lag between the newsletter sign-up and the outbound call both had a substantial impact on the success of the call and the conversion rate.
Design of experiment (DOE) tools assessed the significant factors from hypothesis testing. The designed experiment optimized critical factors and responses. The DOE results showed how critical factors interacted and affected the main measure, including the time of day and the appropriate sign-up-to-call lag time.
This analysis showed that afternoon calls made within 24 hours of the online sign-up were most effective.
Implement solutions to improve the call experience in those areas.
There was initially at least a 24-hour lag between sign-up and follow-up calls because the outbound team had been using a third-party firm to compile lists of users who had signed up for the newsletter but had not donated. With the help of the newly implemented internal reporting system, the outbound team could generate this list within hours, significantly reducing call times. The outbound team also began prioritizing afternoon calls.
The team documented these changes and updated the process map to reflect the improvements.
New processes would be monitored to ensure that successful calls and conversions continue.
The Six Sigma project team completed three months of monitoring after the company implemented the improvement measures. According to an analysis, the project’s conversion rate increased to 52% from 45%, achieving the project goal.
The Six Sigma DMAIC process is an effective tool that can be used in any industry. It gives businesses the ability to analyze and improve their processes, leading to better results. By reviewing the example and following the five steps of the DMAIC Process – Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control – businesses can create meaningful changes in their operations.
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Originally developed by Bill Smith at Motorola in 1986, the Six Sigma Training program was created using some of the most innovative quality improvement methods from the preceding six decades. The term “Six Sigma” is derived from a field of statistics known as process capability. The term 6 Sigma refers to the ability of manufacturing processes to produce a very high proportion of output within specification. Processes that operate with “six sigma quality” over the short term are assumed to produce long-term defect levels below 3.4 defects per million opportunities. Six Sigma’s goal is to improve overall processes to that level of quality or better.
Use the DMAIC process (or Six Sigma Map) to solve problems using a structured approach. The letters in the acronym represent the five phases that make up the process.
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From software development to manufacturing, the DMAIC Template helps project teams improve their processes. While it’s part of the Six Sigma initiative (a method for improving the manufacturing process), it’s now widely adopted as a quality improvement procedure.
Using this five-step framework, you can identify and address inefficiencies in processes across your entire business. As a result, you’ll improve the quality of your deliverables and help your business get better results.
DMAIC is an acronym for Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control. Performing a DMAIC analysis allows businesses to do the following:
Improve existing processes
Identify new processes
Perform structured change management
A DMAIC analysis is a data-driven quality strategy. It strongly emphasizes measurement and analysis, helping companies identify process improvement initiatives based on real data. This makes sure that any changes have the most positive impact on the business.
To better understand the DMAIC process, let’s outline the five main steps in more detail. To perform a successful DMAIC analysis, you must follow the process steps in this order.
1. Define: Start by defining your team’s project, problems, and goals. Be as specific as possible. The more specific you are, the easier it’ll be to solve each concrete problem and complete the project. You can use the SMART goals template to make sure your project goals are specific, and take a look at this Problem Framing Template to identify your challenges. You should also outline your project scope in a project charter to clearly display all the key project information.
2. Measure: During the Measure phase, you need to figure out how to measure the solution. What key metrics can you track? How will you know whether you have succeeded? You need these in place to track progress and measure success.
3. Analyze: With your measurements in place, it’s time to analyze the data. This will help you identify the root cause of your problem. Start by listing and prioritizing potential causes of the problem. Then, prioritize root causes (or key process inputs) and identify how they affect outputs. You can use process maps to analyze your existing processes better.
4. Improve: By the time you reach this step, you’ll probably already have a possible solution to your process. Now, it’s time to visualize how it’ll pan out. Review the solutions and anticipate how each of them will perform. If you find potential consequences, you might have to go back to the Measure or Analyze steps. If things look good, take the necessary steps to improve your process .
5. Control: After the Improve stage, you need to Control the process. Monitor the improvements and adjust as needed to ensure continued and sustainable success.
Although DMAIC may be sequential, it’s not always linear. For example, if you get to the Improve stage and realize that your solutions aren’t viable, you’ll have to backtrack to a previous stage.
This is where using a template can be helpful. You can easily track the process and visualize everything in one location. If you need to go back or make changes to the process, it’s easy to do.
A DMAIC analysis is complex. There are a lot of moving parts to analyze and different solutions to contend with.
A DMAIC Template makes the process easier to manage. Here’s how:
Easily identify opportunities. The clear structure and format of a DMAIC Template make it easier to spot areas of improvement and opportunities for the future.
Standardize the process. Create consistency across the business by using the same template. This makes it easier for everyone in the business to perform a DMAIC analysis and fully understand the process.
Display information professionally. If you need to share your findings with key stakeholders or clients, using a professional and visually-appealing template gives them a good impression. It also helps them understand the analysis and visualize your plan of action.
Increase efficiency. Instead of creating a document from scratch, a ready-made template allows you to get straight into identifying areas for improvement. You’ll spend less time figuring out how to design the analysis and more time doing it.
Miro’s digital workspace is the perfect location for collaborative teams to plan and share new ideas. Using our DMAIC template, you can easily share your analysis and identify the best process improvements with your team.
Here’s how it works:
Step 1: Select this template. Get started by selecting this DMAIC template. It’s free to use, and you can easily customize it to your team’s specific needs. Drag and drop items , add new text , or upload your own files and visuals.
Step 2: Add the relevant information. Populate the template with all the information you have from your DMAIC analysis. You can add charts , images, and any other relevant information.
Step 3: Share the template with your team. Get your team involved in the process and share the template . They can access the template from anywhere and add visual notes with questions or feedback.
Step 4: Collaborate and make changes. If your team has any feedback, dedicate some time to discussing their thoughts. When you’re all on the same page, make any necessary changes to the analysis.
Step 5: Create a plan of action. With your DMAIC analysis in place, it’s time to create an action plan for the future. This will outline how you plan to make improvements to your processes.
Connect teams, optimize business processes, and scale your organization with Miro's process mapping tool .
A Project Manager usually uses DMAIC to improve project processes. Ultimately, anyone that wants to improve their business processes can use it.
Get started with this template right now.
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Praburam Srinivasan
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June 27, 2024
Ever wondered about the origins of the Six Sigma approach? It all began at Motorola in the mid-1980s! Originally developed to reduce manufacturing defects, Six Sigma has since evolved into a popular data-driven methodology used by various industries to improve efficiency and customer satisfaction.
But here’s the kicker: How do you put Six Sigma into action? Well, pre-built templates are the answer you’re looking for. They’re your trusty partners in problem-solving, process optimization , and fostering continuous improvement, all while adhering to the Six Sigma approach in a standardized manner.
Join us as we delve into the top 10 free Six Sigma templates to help you discover the ideal template for your business and inch closer to perfection. 👌
2. clickup dmaic template, 3. clickup process improvement wbs template, 4. clickup process audit and improvement template, 5. clickup pdca process whiteboard template, 6. clickup communication plan template, 7. clickup chatgpt prompts for six sigma template, 8. excel project charter template by goleansixsigma, 9. excel a3 problem solving template by citoolkit, 10. excel sipoc diagram template by goleansixsigma.
In its purest form, Six Sigma is a statistical concept that refers to a quality measurement denoting 3.4 defects per million opportunities.
In project management , Six Sigma encourages the pursuit of near perfection . It’s a structured approach to improving the quality of products, services, and processes. Think of it as a guiding roadmap for continual enhancement, waste reduction, and increased customer satisfaction.
Six Sigma templates are pre-designed tools that assist in implementing Six Sigma methodologies in process improvement. They provide a structured format to gather and process data, visualize processes, and apply Six Sigma techniques effectively.
Here’s a quick guide on how to choose the best Six Sigma template for improving your project management processes:
Choosing the right Six Sigma template is like picking the perfect Sigma tool for a job—it can make all the difference between a smooth, successful project and a bumpy road full of uncertainties. 🏞
Let’s explore the top 10 Six Sigma templates in ClickUp and Excel to set your project up for success!
Introducing the ClickUp Process FMEA Lean Six Sigma Template , your go-to solution for identifying process risks, illuminating areas for improvement, and crafting the perfect corrective action plan.
Combining Six Sigma techniques with Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a guaranteed recipe for success—pinpoint areas for improvement through FMEA and use Lean Six Sigma tools to reduce defects, increase efficiency, and enhance process and product quality. 👨🍳
This template offers a visually intuitive structure for assessing your processes with the following views:
The ClickUp DMAIC Template is the perfect Six Sigma tool for D efining, M easuring, A nalyzing, I mproving, and C ontrolling any business process.
DMAIC is like a secret detective, uncovering hidden problems where you least expect them. It’s the ultimate Six Sigma project management strategy for problem-solving and process improvement. 🕵️♂️
This Whiteboard template simplifies DMAIC analysis with color-coded sections for each stage and customizable sticky notes for assessing your problem. ClickUp Whiteboards offer flexibility, allowing you to adapt colors and shapes, add/remove notes, and include images or charts to suit your project’s requirements .
Let’s say you’re in the business of making cupcakes and want to employ DMAIC to improve the quality of your product. Use the template to:
Unlock a new level of efficiency with the ClickUp Process Improvement WBS Template . As its name suggests, it provides a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) and turns complex projects into manageable tasks for complete workflow optimization .
The template comes with numerous elements to aid your process improvement exercise, most notably:
If you want to visualize how your process improvement project is coming along, the Status Board view displays associated tasks as cards categorized by status. Drag and drop the cards across the board to change their status, or click on individual cards to view more details like deadlines, stages, and the person in charge.
Don’t let outdated or inefficient processes hold you back. Give them a makeover with the ClickUp Process Audit and Improvement Template , a tool designed to keep your workflow optimized even as your business grows. 🌱
This handy template empowers you to conduct thorough process audits, identify bottlenecks that impact efficiency and profitability, and take the necessary steps to eliminate them.
The template divides your audit plan into four sections:
Within each section, you can effortlessly create tasks, assign and prioritize them, and set due dates. Keep an eye on progress using Custom Statuses like Not Started and Archived .
The Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) process—a continuous improvement cycle—offers a smarter path to streamlined quality management. To simplify your PDCA exercise, use the ClickUp PDCA Process Whiteboard Template that lets you effortlessly arrange entries by stage.
PDCA can be integrated into both lean and agile methodologies , as it’s all about identifying issues, experimenting with solutions, measuring results, and making adjustments, which can lead to more efficient processes and better outcomes.
This Whiteboard template contains a pre-made PDCA diagram neatly divided into four transformative stages:
To add your entries, open the template’s List view, click the New Task button, and categorize the entry under the relevant PDCA stage. Then, find the entry via the ClickUp Cards icon on your side menu and drag and drop it onto the whiteboard. 🖱️
The ClickUp Communication Plan Template is your handy tool for crafting a winning business messaging strategy . It assists you in enhancing both internal and external communication through pre-designed ClickUp Docs sections for detailed planning and analysis.
Create your roadmap to success by populating the template’s sections such as:
But that’s not all! This template features an evaluation section to gather invaluable feedback from your team, ensuring continuous evolution and improvement of your communication plan . 📈
Generate ideas and content effortlessly with the ClickUp ChatGPT Prompts For Six Sigma Template . It’s a collection of over 190 ChatGPT prompts designed to support teams implementing the Six Sigma approach across a spectrum of business processes and projects. Whether trying to improve your quality management, budgeting, or cost control, this template has you covered!
To illustrate its use, here’s an example of a Six Sigma prompt :
“Create a comprehensive guide for project managers in ‘{specific industry}’, explaining how ‘Quality Control’ in Six Sigma can enhance ‘{specific outcome or effect}’.
Fill in the variables with relevant information to use the prompt. For example:
“Create a comprehensive guide for project managers in the healthcare industry, explaining how ‘Quality Control’ in Six Sigma can enhance patient satisfaction and safety.”
Then, lean back and let ChatGPT do the heavy lifting for you . 🏋🏻
Feel free to get creative! You can customize this Doc template to fit your project management methodologies and needs by modifying, adding, or removing prompts. Mix and match or combine prompts to create unique and engaging challenges for your project team.
Take the first step in Lean Six Sigma and easily outline your process improvement plan for your project with the Excel Project Charter Template by GoLeanSixSigma. The template provides sections for all the necessary project charter elements so you can analyze the issue at hand, the rationale for addressing it, and the definition of “success” from the project team’s perspective. 🤝
The elements included in this template are:
The template comes with practical use case examples in areas like manufacturing, finance, and healthcare, and it offers pre-made questions to guide you through project charter stages.
This Six Sigma Excel template is fully customizable to fit your project requirements . Add new rows and columns, change table colors and formatting, and adapt cell style to your liking.
A3 thinking is a structured, globally embraced problem-solving approach within Lean project management . It involves using a single A3-sized sheet of paper to capture the essence of a problem, its analysis, and proposed solutions.
The Excel A3 Problem Solving Template by CIToolkit adheres to the A3 thinking problem-solving method and streamlines it further. It uses a spreadsheet instead of a piece of paper to help you solve issues more efficiently. 🚩
The template is structured into a sequence of sections, allowing you to:
The tool is adaptable to your unique requirements—you can incorporate additional sections and expand the implementation or include a follow-up plan by adding more rows. You can also adjust headers and spacing to align with your specific needs.
This template is available in two variations : the first is simple and beginner-friendly, while the second one encourages a more comprehensive information input.
Initiating your process improvement plan with a SIPOC (Supplier, Input, Process, Output, Customer) diagram provides a standardized process definition, ensuring your team’s alignment from the start. With the Excel SIPOC Diagram Template by GoLeanSixSigma , your diagram is already in place—all you need to do is fill in the relevant details. 📊
This diagram serves as the foundation for creating a detailed process map during the Define Phase of the DMAIC strategy. The template transforms the typical SIPOC diagram into an Excel table, making it easy to edit and adapt to your needs.
Let’s once again imagine that you’re running a cupcake-baking business and want to improve your delivery process. Using the template would look like this:
When you have a well-defined process map, all you have to do is stick to it, and everything else is a “piece of (cup)cake.” 🧁
Perfectly executing your projects is a breeze when using these 10 free Six Sigma templates . They empower you to elevate your products, services, and processes with minimal effort, ensuring customer satisfaction and the thriving success of your company. 🏆
Interested in exploring more ready-made frameworks for improving all kinds of processes? Visit the ClickUp template library with 1,000+ templates for FMEA , risk assessment , and efficient process management .
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Lean Six Sigma and the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) methodology is a data-driven approach to process improvement that can help organizations streamline operations and improve quality. Using a free DMAIC template can provide structure and guidance to Six Sigma projects to ensure successful results. This article will outline what DMAIC is, the benefits of using a template, and provide a customizable DMAIC PowerPoint template to manage process improvement initiatives.
DMAIC is a five-phase problem-solving methodology used in Six Sigma projects. It provides a structured framework to identify and solve problems to improve business processes.
The five phases of DMAIC are:
Define - Identify the problem, goals, stakeholders, and create a project charter.
Measure - Measure the current process and collect relevant data.
Analyze - Analyze the data to identify root causes of problems.
Improve - Generate solutions and implement changes to address root causes.
Control - Control the improved process and prevent defects.
Six Sigma itself is a quality management methodology developed in the 1980s by Motorola. It utilizes statistical tools and techniques to improve quality by minimizing variability and defects in processes.
The DMAIC methodology is an integral part of Six Sigma, providing the framework to carry out process improvement projects. Organizations use DMAIC and Six Sigma principles to increase customer satisfaction, reduce costs, and improve bottom line results.
Using a pre-made DMAIC PowerPoint template can provide the following benefits for Six Sigma projects:
Provides structure - The template gives a clear roadmap to follow through each phase.
Saves time - A template has the basic slides already created, so you don’t have to start from scratch.
Ensures consistency - Using a standard template helps maintain consistency in reporting across multiple projects.
Organizes information - Slides are logically organized to walk through the methodology.
Aids analysis - Built-in tables, charts, and visuals help gather, analyze, and present data.
Facilitates teamwork - Provides a tool for teams to collaborate and track progress.
Creates presentations - The completed template can be used to create presentations to update stakeholders.
Documents results - The finished template serves as documentation of the project.
In summary, a DMAIC template jumpstarts Six Sigma projects, provides an organized structure, and facilitates superior results.
Below you can freely download a customizable DMAIC PowerPoint template to structure Six Sigma process improvement initiatives:
[Link to downloadable template]
This template includes an organized set of slides to guide teams through the DMAIC methodology. It contains agenda slides, data collection tables, analysis tools like fishbone diagrams, as well as tabs for each phase. The template can be easily customized by adding a project name, company logo, changing colors, and inserting relevant data.
Let's take a look at how to use this free DMAIC template.
The DMAIC template includes a title slide, agenda, and tabs for each of the five phases as below:
The Define phase starts with an overview of the problem statement, project goals, scope, stakeholders and timeline. This phase involves defining the goals and parameters of the Six Sigma project.
Next are tools to identify the current process, Voice of Customer Analysis, and metrics. A SIPOC diagram, swim lanes, and high-level process map can be completed to visualize the existing process.
In the Measure phase, the current process is measured and relevant data is collected. Tools include a data collection plan, measurement system analysis, process capability analysis, and metrics dashboard.
Charts are included to display data such as a process metrics dashboard, Pareto chart, and control charts. Data should be reviewed to identify problem areas.
During the Analyze phase, root causes of problems are identified through analytical techniques. Tools include fishbone diagram, 5 Whys, failure mode analysis, and hypothesis testing.
The data is analyzed to find correlations and pinpoint vital factors driving defects and bottlenecks. Analytical tools help uncover root causes to address.
In the Improve phase, solutions are developed and implemented to remedy root causes identified from data analysis. Potential solutions are evaluated and changes are made to the process to improve quality and performance.
Tools include brainstorming techniques, solution selection matrix, FMEA, pilot studies, and implementation plans. Changes should be tested before full deployment.
Finally, in the Control phase processes are monitored through dashboards, statistical process control, audits, and control plans. The improved process is standardized and controlled to sustain gains.
The purpose is to ensure improvements are maintained over time through process controls, monitoring, training, and documentation.
In summary, the free DMAIC PowerPoint template provides a structured methodology to streamline and control business processes. The Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control phases guide teams through a data-driven approach to problem-solving.
Using this ready-made template saves time, provides consistency, and facilitates organizational process improvement. It can kickstart any Six Sigma project and be customized as needed for superior results.
Download the free DMAIC template today and get started on improving efficiency, reducing costs, and boosting quality!
DMAIC provides a structured approach to process improvement used in Six Sigma.
Benefits of a template include time savings, consistency, analysis tools, and presentation.
Free downloadable DMAIC template to streamline Six Sigma projects.
Template includes slides for Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control phases.
Customizable format to add project data and company branding.
Following the template guides teams through data-driven problem solving.
Elisabeth Swan is the co-author of “The Problem-Solver’s Toolkit” and co-host of “The Just-in-Time Cafe Podcast.” She’s been a process improvement consultant, speaker, and innovator for over 30 years. She’s the Chief Learning Experience Officer for GoLeanSixSigma.com, a former cast member of ImprovBoston, and – if asked – may still be able to ride a unicycle.
Surgeon Atul Gawande made headlines when he told the world that a simple checklist could drastically reduce unnecessary deaths in The Checklist Manifesto .
Yet, checklists conjure images of forklift drivers on loading docks with clipboards counting boxes. How could they transform healthcare?
“ He has… produced a 90-second checklist which reduced deaths and complications by more than one-third in eight hospitals around the world – at virtually no cost and for almost any operation. ” – James Clarke, reviewing The Checklist Manifesto, Ulster Med J. 2011 Jan; 80(1): 54.
Aviation was transformed decades earlier when management and engineers at Boeing Corporation created the pre-flight checklist after the 1935 crash of the prototype Boeing B-17 at Wright Field in Dayton, Ohio. Checklists have become so essential to the airline industry that most crashes can be traced to the misuse or failure to complete a checklist.
A New York Times reviewer noted, “no matter how expert you may be, well-designed checklists can improve outcomes”. Since the purpose of process improvement is improving outcomes, Lean Six Sigma and checklists are natural companions.
To prove that, this Process Street blog post will show the relationship between checklists and lean six sigma, and provide you with a free DMAIC Improvement Project Tollgate Checklist that you can use right now.
Use the links below to jump to that section of the post:
Lean six sigma & the checklist, introduction phase, define phase, measure phase, analyze phase, improve phase, control phase, checklists and lean six sigma, use process street to reduce error.
Or, if you just want the checklist, check it out below!
Let’s get started.
For those unfamiliar with Lean Six Sigma and process improvement, it is a structured approach for organizations to scrutinize how things are done, poke at data and processes to uncover waste and then cut out things like extra forms, out-dated approvals and other time-wasting steps.
It’s a customer-focused, 5-step problem-solving model that engages entire workforces to constantly seek a better way of doing things.
Proof of Lean Six Sigma’s influence is evident in today’s hiring practices. A poll by GoLeanSixSigma highlights that hiring managers prefer a person who is “ Green Belt Certified ” – having substantial Lean Six Sigma skills – by an almost 80% margin. In an interview with the former head of Twitter, problem-solving emerged as the top skill sought by today’s most influential hiring managers.
In other words, problem-solving (especially via Lean Six Sigma) is an absolutely vital skill.
If problem-solving is a must-have skill and checklists are key to good outcomes, then combining the two makes sense.
DMAIC – Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve & Control – is the 5-Step model for Lean Six Sigma and there’s a set of required tollgates at the end of each phase. These tollgates outline what has to be done in order to move the problem-solving process forward.
Using the tollgates as an outline, we created a dynamic Process Street template that you can use for free and run checklists from to track your progress!
Before you can start solving problems, you need a problem to solve.
Picking a process issue – and finding someone in leadership to support you – are two required tasks in this first tollgate. Scoping the project is important (bigger than a “just-do-it” and smaller than “solving world hunger”) but even more critical is finding a Sponsor.
In a poll asking Lean Six Sigma practitioners what they considered the biggest obstacle to process improvement success, “Getting Leadership Support” accounted for almost a third.
When we coach team leads who tell us they can’t find someone to back their project, we let them know, “No Sponsor, no project”. If nobody in charge has any skin in the game, there’s no point in attempting the process fix. Find a different project that leadership supports.
One thing that helps when searching for leadership backing is being able to explain what Lean Six Sigma is and why it makes a difference. Since the checklist template is dynamic we inserted a video in the Define Phase within the checklist item, “Enlist a Project Champion/Sponsor who will support you and the project”. The team lead can share the video with managers or directors who they consider Sponsor candidates.
There’s also a Project Selection Guide Template embedded in the checklist so users can take a project idea and put it through a few screening questions. Is it a repeating problem? Is there a way to measure it? The checklist serves as a reminder, a source of templates, supporting videos and other just-in-time guidance.
The next set of tollgate tasks cover the Define Phase of DMAIC. This is where problem-solvers clarify the problem, the process impacted and customers of the process.
There is a journey of discovery during this phase as everyone agrees on the issue to solve. One of the big challenges is the tendency of ambitious team leads—or equally ambitious Sponsors—to try to “shoot the moon.”
They might want to reduce cycle time, reduce defects , improve margins, and increase customer satisfaction all by next Tuesday. But a project that focuses on everything accomplishes nothing. It’s okay to measure the cost reduction that results from reducing defects. But pick one of those to be the goal. Success is more possible if you focus on one goal at a time .
It takes practice and discipline to develop a manageable goal statement. Another moon shot is aiming for perfection out of the starting gate. When we see a goal statement that claims the team will, “reduce defects from 25% to 0%” then we know there is a sizable risk of failure and disappointment.
That’s why the Define Phase of the checklist includes a Goal Builder Template along with a blog providing tips on how to create well-crafted goal statements.
The primary focus of the Measure Phase is to baseline the process. If you’re trying to reduce defects, you need to know how you’re doing at that now. What’s your track record? You need to know the baseline of the process in order to measure whether or not you made a difference with your improvement when you get to the Improve Phase.
You need to know the gap, so you can close the gap.
One of the issues we run into in this phase is problem solvers assuming that data is sitting in a system somewhere waiting to be accessed. If they simply run a report, they’ll have the baseline. Check that off the list. But that rarely goes according to plan.
Maybe there’s system data, but was it entered with care? Is it reliable? We’ve seen teams struggle to use data that didn’t make sense. They could access cycle time data, but it didn’t take into account that the workday ended at 5:00. I had another team looking at why healthcare invoices had to be manually adjusted. They looked up the defect codes and the biggest category was “Other”. System data existed, but it was useless.
Most of the time, it helps to collect some data manually. In order to think through your approach, you need a Data Collection Plan. That involves listing the data you want and considering things like stratification factors—the “who, what, when, where” of data. If you’re looking at defects, should you collect data on defects by product? Defects by the fields on a form? Defects by customer type?
Within the task: “Develop a Data Collection Plan with Operational Definitions and create Check Sheets as Needed”, we’ve embedded a template (The Data Collection Plan) and a video to guide the process.
You’ll learn a lot by collecting the data firsthand, so if the perfect data set is not magically sitting in the system, it helps to have a plan.
Analyze is the crux of the DMAIC method. This is where learners drill down and discover the root cause of the process problem they’ve been chasing. Once you do that, you can solve the problem for good.
But if you have not determined the root cause then you might be solving a “symptom,” putting a bandaid on the problem or implementing a change based on a hunch. All of this means there’s a high likelihood the problem will remain and the efforts will have been in vain.
If you’ve always been told, “don’t bring me a problem, bring me a solution,” that’s an encouragement to jump right past this step into the fun of solutions. I’ve seen teams go with their assumptions regardless of what the data says or the process analysis reveals. I’ve seen Sponsors who tell teams what solutions they want to be implemented right from the get-go.
How do you stick with analysis long enough to find the smoking gun? The trick is to keep collecting the clues in the Cause & Effect Diagram , aka The “Fishbone Diagram”. It’s an aptly named tool, popularized by Dr. Ishikawa , which resembles a fish skeleton. Its construction allows teams to develop root cause theories around a problem as they build their knowledge of the process.
Each time they collect data, interview process participants on a Gemba Walk or map the process steps, they uncover potential reasons for defects. Making the most of the Fishbone Diagram is key but, during a poll, users reported where they fell short.
Over a third of respondents reported the issues of “listing solutions” on the Fishbone instead of causes. What we hear are phrases like, “the root cause is a lack of training”.
The problem with “lack of” anything is that it’s a sneaky way of putting a solution on the Fishbone.
The question is, “what is the training addressing?” Is it lack of user knowledge? If that’s the problem, could it be solved with helpful visuals, a simpler process? There are a lot of ways to address user knowledge before jumping to more employee training.
This is when you want to behave like the persistent detective – think Columbo, the classic 70’s TV icon. Every question helps you accumulate clues. People working through the process may have the answer without knowing it. The trick is to keep looking upstream until you find potential culprits. Dig past the symptoms.
To help with this phase, the checklist includes both a Fishbone Diagram Template as well as a video on how to get the most out of the Fishbone.
The Improve Phase is a long-anticipated step in the journey. It’s the step teams generally want to jump to from the start. Testing countermeasures, piloting solutions, watching the problem disappear, that’s the fun of process improvement. If you’ve done a proper job of Define, Measure, and Analyze, this phase falls nicely into place.
The catch? Unintended consequences.
If you toss a stone into a lake you can see the ripples flow out from the center. The same principle holds true for process change. If you remove a step, change a form, skip an approval , will things fall apart? For that, we look to the Failure Modes & Effects Analysis or FMEA for short.
It’s a methodical way of assessing the potential for things to go wrong. It Involves deciding the potential severity and frequency of future problems and then mistake-proofing the process to prevent them. The technique originated at NASA since they couldn’t risk trial and error when sending men to the moon. By thinking through the risks of change they developed the kind of contingency plans you saw on display in movies like Apollo 13.
That’s why there’s an FMEA Template and a video on how to use it tucked into the main checklist from this post.
It’s okay to make changes. It’s simply key to think through the impact of those changes on other parts of the business.
Process Improvement can happen quickly and have a dramatic impact, but it’s critical to “stick the landing.” The Control Phase exists to see the improvement through to stability.
If teams move on and everyone takes their eyes off the ball, things may start to slip. What they need is the ability to continuously see the performance of the new process.
Have you ever tried to watch a game without a scoreboard? How would you know who was winning? Or how much time was left?
It’s the same with process work.
How does your team know how they’re doing? How do you stay aware of how the new process is performing?
By making the data visible.
Keeping an eye on Process Performance can be done with a single metric — you need to focus on one thing. If the goal was to reduce defects, then the single metric would be tracking the daily percentage of defects. A great way to measure success is with a Control Chart.
Control Charts are time charts. You might know them as Line Charts or Run Charts. They include a measure of variation so they are often referred to as “Run Charts that went to college”. They can be created in Excel , but they can also be drawn by hand.
Teams often set up whiteboards in the shared workspace to track things like defects. People can rotate responsibility for updating the chart. If people can see the measure and are responsible for it—they pay attention to it. What gets measured gets managed.
The Control Chart Template is embedded in the checklist for the Control Phase.
Process Improvement is a mainstay of Operational Excellence and checklists are simple but effective ways to make sure you get the outcomes you want. The following quote comes from the interim CEO/President of the Association for Manufacturing Excellence ( AME ).
“ I am a big fan of checklists for ensuring quality at the source. They serve an important purpose in reminding us of all that’s needed in a particular process or project. Without checklists, we risk missing or overlooking something by mistake. Checklists work best when ticking off items as they are completed, not en masse once the entire project is done. The key point is to use and follow them, not “pencil-whip” them from memory after the fact. While not foolproof, checklists can help us cover the details and result in more thorough, successful improvement efforts. ” – Jerry Wright , President, AME
Checklists have transformed healthcare, aviation, and countless other industries. Run this Process Street DMAIC Tollgate Checklist and make sure your next improvement effort gets great results.
Process Street is a powerful piece of workflow software that lets you crush the human error in your organization.
By creating process templates (like the free DMAIC checklist in this post) you can give your whole team a central location for them to see what they have to do, and how exactly they should do it.
No more confusion, no more errors.
Take advantage of our powerful feature set to create superpowered checklists, including:
Check out our intro webinar to see the app in action!
Stop leaving the success of your processes up to chance. Get started with a free trial of Process Street today!
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Ben Mulholland is an Editor at Process Street , and winds down with a casual article or two on Mulholland Writing . Find him on Twitter here .
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DMAIC is a 5-Stage Problem solving tool, based on Data analysis .
This tool is commonly used in Continual Improvement Processes such as Kaizen, 8D or 6-sigma.
Its name is an acronyms of its 5 Stages:
Let’s see what they mean:
1. Define : In this Stage, you have to Define your Problem or Goal .
2. Measure : In this Stage, you have to Define your Variables .
3. Analyze : In this Stage, you have to Define your Potential Scenarios .
4. Improve : In this Stage, you have to Implement your Solution .
5. Control : In this Stage, you have to Implement your Controls .
DMAIC Steps explained.
Let’s see the first example so that you understand it better:
Let’s imagine you own an e-commerce Site .
Your Site sells handmade products.
Lately, you have been experiencing a decrease in sales.
Since you are decided to solve this issue, you decide to develop a DMAIC process:
Check how, by pointing the correct Variable, the analysis and the conclusions obtained can be very different .
There are always almost infinite “solutions” to one same problem.
There are different reasons why DMAIC is one of the best Problem Solving tools.
Here are some of them:
And, most important of all: it is a Step-by-Step framework that anyone can follow.
Think about this: when you want to solve something… do you usually follow any guidelines?
What do the best engineers do when they have a problem in an airplane turbine (for example)?
Now, let’s explain when you should use the DMAIC process:
As we mentioned in other Problem-Solving methods:
You shouldn’t be using DMAIC just at work.
We recommend that you to use this methodology in your day to day .
Let’s see some examples:
Now, we’ll use the DMAIC process in one day-to-day problem: Baking the perfect Bread .
We’ll explain each Step individually so that you understand the entire process perfectly.
Let’s begin:
In the first Step, you Define which is your Problem and your Goal:
You are tired of baking mediocre breads:
You have tried several times and each time you make bread you have a different result .
You want to obtain the perfect recipe .
In this Stage, you decide to develop an Ishikawa Fishbone Diagram to find out the Main variables involved.
Ishikawa Fishbone Diagram – DMAIC Measure Stage.
According to the Ishikawa diagram, the most important variables to study are:
All these variables can be easily measured, with the exception of the Kneading and Final shape of the dough.
In this Stage, you test :
For each test , you write down:
This tests take time, of course.
Once you have the results, you decide which one you will use.
You can make this decision based just on Taste, Crunchiness and Fluffiness, but you can also consider:
Since your Goal is literally “to Bake the perfect Bread” , you decide to judge the result according to Taste, Crunchiness and Fluffiness.
Since weather changes, you decide that:
The quantity of flour, water, etc… aren’t affected by weather conditions.
If you see any noticeable changes, you’ll define different recipes for different seasons.
If you have a Goal, or want to solve a Problem, you should consider developing a DMAIC process.
The DMAIC tool is a 5-Stage Problem solving method that focuses on Data Analysis.
Its name is an acronym for the 5 Stages on which it is based:
Even though it may seem obvious to some people, it offers a step-by-step guidance that can be very helpful for reaching your goals.
And there nothing better than being methodical and strict when you want to achieve something .
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Today’s forward-thinking businesses are constantly looking for ways to improve and skilled professionals to help them achieve this. Given our current commercial atmosphere of increased competition and economic uncertainty, that’s a prudent strategy. Only companies that evolve and quickly solve problems will flourish and last.
The DMAIC model is a valuable resource that helps businesses improve performance while dealing quickly with issues. This article explains DMAIC processes, DMAIC models, DMAIC phases, and the impact of DMAIC. We’ll also share a Lean Six Sigma program that helps professionals learn how to utilize this method.
So, what’s DMAIC, anyway?
DMAIC stands for Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control. It is a problem-solving and quality improvement methodology businesses use to improve performance. It’s a customer-focused, structured approach that also serves as a foundation for Lean Six Sigma.
Business improvement happens during the DMAIC process by taking things project by project. In this context, projects are defined as problems scheduled for solutions. The whole point of the DMAIC process is to introduce structure to problem-solving.
Some people like to shorten the term and pronounce DMIAC as “de-may-ick,” while others say “duh-may-ick.” Either way, the pronunciation issue is another example of “po-tay-to” versus “po-tah-to.”
Now, look at the classic DMAIC template based on its established steps.
Note: An effective Six Sigma Project Charter should clearly define project goals, scope, timeline, and team roles, providing a roadmap for success and effective stakeholder communication.
Also Read: What Is Process Capability and Why It’s More Interesting Than It Sounds
Here’s where we break down the DMAIC methodology into its distinct phases. This setup is the basis for every DMAIC template used to solve problems and improve efficiency.
The team asks, “What problem are we trying to fix?” In this first stage of the DMAIC model, Six Sigma professionals state the issue, specify the customers, outline the process, and set goals. We can subdivide this phase into:
The team asks, “How big of an issue is this, and how does the process currently perform?” In the Measure stage, the team quantifies parameters, decides how best to measure them, gathers pertinent data, and performs the measuring by experimentation. We break down this phase as follows:
This step concerns one simple question, “What is causing the issue?” The team identifies the gaps between the desired and actual performance, determines what is causing the gaps, ascertains how process inputs affect the outputs, and ranks or prioritizes improvement opportunities. We break down the Analyze phase as follows:
Now we ask, “How will the project team address the root causes of the issue?” The Analyze phase identifies the issue, and the Improve phase prompts us to take action. This phase is where the team devises potential solutions, recognizes the solutions most accessible to put into action, tests likely hypothetical solutions, and then implements actual improvements:
And finally, there is one question left, “How do we sustain the improvements?” The team must devise a detailed solution monitoring plan, watch implemented improvements for success, regularly update the plan’s records, and sustain a workable employee training process. Control is broken down into:
Although teams use the DMAIC model for Six Sigma, it shouldn’t be confused with a similar Six Sigma process known as Sigma DMADV. DMADV is an acronym standing for “define, measure, analyze, design, verify.” The Six Sigma team applies these steps to new processes to ensure they achieve the desired Six Sigma quality standards.
Note: The Central Limit Theorem is a fundamental concept in statistics. It states that the means of many independent and identically distributed random variables will be approximately normally distributed.
Also Read: Demystifying the Theory of Constraints
There are tools that teams should use to carry out each DMAIC process phase. Here’s a quick breakdown.
The DMAIC model is a game-changer, a valuable framework for any organization that wants to reduce waste, improve efficiency, deal with problems, and improve customer relations. Here is how the DMAIC methodology delivers a positive impact.
1) It ensures that quality thinking becomes the default way of conducting business, focusing on customers and building and sustaining customer loyalty.
2) It applies recognizable and effective quality tools to improve the organization’s goods and services and help the company achieve breakthrough performances.
3) It defines quality process performance metrics, tying them to the organization’s goals.
4) It creates a culture centered on quality that is also fun and offers a practical, measurable, and pragmatic means of achieving greater process quality levels.
5) It identifies the projects needed to drive improvements that yield sustainable results and superior quality.
The DMAIC methodology is a roadmap that keeps the team and the project moving forward efficiently. Some Six Sigma professionals refer to DMAIC as the “boss of the project” because the team’s leader, although in charge, still follows the outlined steps to complete the project and ensures that everyone on the team does so. If the team omits a step, it could prevent a business from wasting resources, devising ineffective solutions, and causing unnecessary negative culture issues.
Although the DMAIC process is helpful, it only fits some situations. That’s why most organizations take the extra step of determining why they think DMAIC is the correct methodology. This additional step is called “recognize.”
When evaluating the whys of the DMAIC process, consider these three factors:
If the above three factors apply to your situation, use DMAIC.
DMAIC offers benefits such as:
Both DMAIC and DMADV are part of the Lean Six Sigma philosophy. The chief difference between DMAIC and DMADV is that DMAIC improves existing processes, and DMADV emphasizes developing new processes, services, or products. So, DMAIC measures a process’s performance, while DMADV measures customer needs and specifications. Furthermore, DMADV develops business models to satisfy customer requirements, and DMAIC focuses on improving business processes by reducing and eliminating defects.
Long story short: use DMADV when launching new products or features, and use DMAIC when enhancing or improving existing products, processes, and services.
The main difference between DMAIC and PDCA is that the former represents a data-driven improvement approach to improving, enhancing, and stabilizing business processes through five stages: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control. Meanwhile, PDCA is a repetitive four-stage model: Plan, Do, Check, and Act, which is implemented to achieve continuous improvement in business process management.
The PDCA approach is mainly used in Lean, while DMAIC is widely utilized in Six Sigma. Also, DMAIC uses advanced statistical resources, while PDCA relies on more straightforward, simple tools.
Now, let’s check out some DMAIC examples.
DMAIC can be used in many different industries and situations. For example:
Also Read: Value Stream Mapping in Six Sigma
So, how do we use the DMAIC template? An organization should follow four easy steps to implement DMAIC and start seeing positive results.
1) Training. Begin your organization’s DMAIC journey by training your team in the DMAIC methodology and how you expect it to be employed. Place a strong emphasis on the model’s data collection characteristics. After all, knowledge is power.
2) Line up your support and DMAIC tools. Since the DMAIC model is strongly associated with Lean Six Sigma, it’s not surprising that many Lean Six Sigma tools are compatible with the DMAIC life cycle. These tools include the Five Whys, fishbone diagrams, control charts, and Catchball. Decide which tools your team can use and how they will be shared and documented. Use improvement management to store all your DMAIC-related documents and progress notes.
3) Provide examples. Prevent confusion and reinforce DMAIC understanding by providing your team with examples of new or existing processes within your company that can benefit the most from DMAIC implementation. People typically grasp things faster and better if given practical application examples. Once everyone on the team understands how DMAIC can be used, create an atmosphere where it’s easy for the team members to suggest process improvement opportunities.
4) Initiate a pilot project. Now that you have gotten this far and laid the groundwork, it’s time to take DMAIC out for a quick spin. Pilot projects are initial, small-scale tests that show how the full-scale project will work in practice. So, pick a simple project that draws in people from multiple teams. This exercise helps test cross-team cooperation and collaboration, an essential element in future projects. Then, carefully monitor every cycle step and ensure each step is complete before moving on to the next.
Six Sigma is a proven methodology that helps businesses reach their full potential and remain relevant in today’s highly competitive marketplace. If you’re intrigued by Six Sigma and want to learn more, Simplilearn, in collaboration with the University of Massachusetts, offers a post graduate program in Six Sigma training that will sharpen your skills.
When you attend the program’s live interactive classes and work on real-world business problems via case studies and projects, you will pick up valuable Six Sigma skills like:
Every course is aligned with IASSC-Lean Six Sigma and features real-world case studies and a capstone project that provides you with the real-world experience you need to master Six Sigma. Additionally, graduates earn certificates and membership in the UMass Amherst Alumni Association.
According to Salary.com , the median salary for Green Belt Lean Six Sigma professionals working in the United States is $115,800 and ranges over $128K at the high mark. So, whether you want to start a new career in Six Sigma or just upskill to enhance your skill set, this post-graduate program will undoubtedly provide you with the valuable Six Sigma training that today’s business world wants in its new candidates. Sign up today!
Q: What does DMAIC mean in Six Sigma?
A: DMAIC stands for Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control.
Q: What is the DMAIC process used for?
A: The DMAIC process is a data-driven process improvement cycle that aims to optimize, improve, and stabilize business designs and processes.
Q: How does Six Sigma use DMAIC?
A: DMAIC is a problem-solving approach that drives Lean Six Sigma. DMAIC’s five-phase method, Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control, improves existing process problems with unknown causes.
Q: What are the DMAIC tools?
A: DMAIC tools are, by phase:
Q: What is the benefit of DMAIC?
A: DMAIC offers benefits such as:
Demystifying Kaizen Lean Six Sigma
A Deep Dive Into the Five Phases of Lean Six Sigma
Ultimate Guide to Six Sigma Control Charts
DMADV: Everything You Need to Know
Describing a SIPOC Diagram: Everything You Should Know About It
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Lean Ireland – Lean Six Sigma training & consulting & Supply Chain Consulting
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We have Toyota to thank for gifting us the 8-step A3 problem solving methodology, and it works equally well for 5-step DMAIC six sigma projects. Download our Excel A3 template for free . As an added bonus you get free is/is not and Gantt chart templates, plus two examples of completed A3s. Enjoy!
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In this article:
The DMAIC model is a problem-solving method used to identify flaws and improve inefficiencies in business processes.
In a situation like this, you might look at customer feedback to find and fix the problem. You could also use your experience to try to resolve the problem. But what happens if the problem is complex and resurfaces because you haven’t properly resolved it?
This is where DMAIC comes in. DMAIC stands for Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control. It is a data-driven iterative approach that you can use to improve a process or fix a problem.
DMAIC is a core part of the six-sigma quality improvement methodology.
Six-Sigma is a business management strategy that aims to improve the output of processes by removing variation and errors in both manufacturing and business processes. With a focus on continuous improvement, it uses a series of quality management methods. DMAIC is one of those methods.
The five steps of the DMAIC model are:
Each step builds on the previous step in the sequence. As you use the DMAIC model and come to understand the bigger picture of an improvement project, you may need to iterate through the whole process or a subset of it several times.
Let’s take a closer look at each step of the DMAIC framework and how to use it in day to day business.
Some questions to ask to define the project are:
The measure phase aims to gather reliable information to quantify the problem. The data collected in this phase will establish a baseline to compare against improvement later.
Some questions to ask in this phase include:
Some useful tools to assist in this phase are basic Pareto charts, trend charts, and process flowcharts.
In this phase, you can use tools like brainstorming, fishbone diagrams, or the 5-Whys to help you find the root cause.
Many different factors can influence a solution, so a well-designed solution most likely to resolve the root cause is what you’re looking for.
Dmaic model example.
Imagine you are a luxury watch manufacturer. Following a quarterly review, you learn that your profit margins are lower than you’d expect but you are not sure why.
You decide to use the DMAIC model to help you to get to the bottom of the problem.
For our example, we know that margins are going down even though the price we charge hasn’t changed. Our aim is to find and rectify the situation quickly.
During this step we also decide to put a team together, representing all the different parts of the business, to investigate the problem and ensure that no stone is left unturned.
For our watch manufacturer, we decide to map out the entire production process and monitor the time it takes to move between each and every step.
For our example, we decide to hold a brainstorming session and use the 5 Whys technique to attempt to identify the root cause of the problem. During this process, we uncover that a stage in the middle of the manufacturing process is taking much longer than we would expect.
Upon further investigation, we find that this is happening because a small but necessary component is often out of stock. When this happens the team creating the watches has to wait until more stock arrives before they can resume the manufacturing process. According to the team, this is happening because the supplier is unreliable.
You decide to always hold a high level of stock for the component so that the problem doesn’t happen again.
The final step is to ensure that the problem doesn’t happen again, or that if it does happen you know about it almost immediately.
We have created a DMAIC Model Template in PDF format, which you can use to perform your own DMAIC project. You can download it here .
Dmaic model summary .
The DMAIC model is a framework for fixing a business problem or improving a business process. DMAIC stands for Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve, and Control. It is part of the six-sigma continuous improvement methodology.
Originally hailing from Dublin, Denis has always been interested in all things business and started EPM in 2009. Before EPM, Denis held a leadership position at Nokia, owned a sports statistics business, and was a member of the PMI's (Project Management Institute’s) Global Executive Council for two years. Denis now spends his days helping others understand complex business topics.
The ladder of inference, force field analysis, the kano model, the ooda loop, fishbone diagram tutorial, elaboration likelihood model, pareto analysis (the 80/20 rule), the action priority matrix, rapid decision making model, decision matrix analysis, in our course you will learn how to:.
So if you’ve always wanted to be your own boss and have the flexibility and freedom that entails, then…
Published: February 26, 2010 by Chew Jian Chieh
What is the usual way most people go about solving problems? Most people and organizations consciously or unconsciously use this method, as illustrated in Table 1 below.
Normal Method of Problem Solving | |
S |
|
1. Understand what is to be improved and set a goal | I am too fat. I want to reduce my weight. |
2. Measure their current state | I am currently 90 kg. Ideally, I should be about 70kg. |
3. Apply conventional wisdom or gut theory | If I exercise more and eat less, I should lose weight. |
4. Take action | Exercise more and eat less. |
5. Measure to verify improvement has taken place | I lost 5kg. |
This is not a bad method, provided what one thinks is causing the problem is really causing the problem. In this case, if a person is fat simply because they do not exercise enough and eat too much, then by exercising and eating less, they should weigh less. And if they do lose weight after taking such action, then the theory is validated. People solve a fair number of problems in this manner – using conventional wisdom and gut theories that also happen to be correct. In those cases, there is little need for Six Sigma – it is just a waste of time. Just do the above.
How is the Six Sigma problem-solving methodology different? Actually it is really not so different from how people normally go about solving day-to-day problems, except in Six Sigma, nobody knows what is really causing the problem at the beginning of the project. And because all attempts to solve the problem in the past have failed, largely because conventional wisdom and gut theories were wrong about the cause of that problem, people conclude that the problem cannot be solved.
These types of problems are really the best candidates for Six Sigma. The Six Sigma DMAIC methodology differs from conventional problem solving in one significant way. There is a requirement for proof of cause and effect before improvement action is taken. Proof is required because resources for improvement actions are limited in most organizations. Those limits preclude being able to implement improvement actions based on 100 hunches hoping that one hits the mark. Thus, discovering root causes is at the core of the methodology.
Here are the steps in the DMAIC process:
The above steps can be phrase in another way – using more mathematical language (Table 2). (This kind of mathematical language should not put anyone off. If it is a concern initially, a person just needs to remember than whenever a Y shows up in any sentence, just replace it with word “effect,” or the phrase “outcome performance measure.” And whenever an X shows up , just replace it with the word “cause.”)
DMAIC in Mathematical Terms | ||
|
|
|
1. Understand what process is to be improved and set a goal. | Define | What is the Y or the outcome measure? |
2. Measure the current state. | Measure | What is Y’s current performance? |
3. Develop cause-and-effect theories of what may be causing the problem. | Analyze | What are the potential Xs or causes? What may be causing the problem? What are the real Xs or causes? What is really causing the problem? |
5. Take action. | Improve | How can the understanding of the real causes of the problem be exploited to eliminate or reduce the size of the problem? How can this understanding be exploited? |
6. Measure to verify improvement has taken place. | Control | Did Y really improve? How can the Xs be controlled so the gains in Y remain? |
The key assumption in Six Sigma is this: If the true causes of any problem can discovered, then by controlling or removing the causes, the problem can be reduced or removed. Now is that not just common sense?
In summary, Six Sigma DMAIC methodology is really just a series of common sense questions that one asks in order to solve any problem and eventually sustain the gains that come from solving the problem.
Six Sigma’s DMAIC methodology is nothing but a search for the real causes of problems. With this understanding, what remains for those learning Six Sigma are the various tools and techniques used to answer these questions.
Root cause analysis (RCA) finds the root causes of a problem and helps you identify and implement solutions. Instead of treating surface-level symptoms of a problem, RCA digs deeper and finds the underlying issues. By taking the time to analyze the real reason why a problem is occurring, you can solve the problem for good instead of opting for a quick fix. In this piece, you’ll learn how RCA can be the key to corrective action.
“Let’s get to the root of the problem” is an idiom people commonly use when looking for solutions. This idiom can be visualized in the form of tree roots below the surface. Tree roots aren’t visible, but their growth is obvious above ground. Sometimes this growth is positive and results in a beautiful tree, and sometimes it’s negative—damaging sidewalks and foundations.
A root cause analysis (RCA) involves finding the root causes of a problem in order to identify and implement solutions. RCA treats the underlying causes of a problem instead of the surface-level symptoms of the problem itself.
For example, if your company is suffering from a low retention rate, hiring more team members is a quick solution. But with RCA, you can instead discover why team members aren’t staying with the company so you can increase retention long term. Root causes of low retention rate could include:
Lack of professional development opportunities
Poor team member benefits
Low pay compared to market range
Low team morale
After considering possible root causes, you can use research to determine one or multiple root causes. Once you understand those root causes, it’s easy to implement a solution. RCA addresses problems systematically instead of placing a bandaid over problems and taking the risk that the problem will occur again.
Root cause analysis can resolve recurring project issues or larger bottlenecks within business processes. If you want to reap the unique benefits of this method, keep these key principles of RCA in mind:
Instead of correcting the symptoms of a problem, focus on its root causes.
Focus less on who caused the problem and more on how and why the problem occurred.
Find cause-and-effect evidence to support the root causes you’ve identified.
Develop an informative action plan to support your solutions.
Consider how you can prevent root causes from reoccurring in the future.
Remember that you can have multiple root causes for a problem, and it’s not out of the ordinary for this to happen. End with the root causes you feel are most accurate and be prepared to tackle them with strong solutions.
There are various strategies you can use to identify root causes in RCA. Use the steps below to guide your team through the RCA process.
You’ll need a clearly defined problem to perform a root cause analysis. If you have multiple problems you want to solve, it’s best to start with one and perform multiple RCAs to find solutions for each. By tackling one problem at a time, you’ll have a better chance of finding the cause of each issue and addressing it quickly.
Defining your problem also involves getting everyone on the same page. For example, you may want to perform RCA because you think your team is suffering from low productivity. But if your team doesn’t feel like their productivity is low, then you can’t move forward. Because productivity is subjective, you may need to define your problem in a more measurable way and move on to step two where you’ll use evidence to learn more about the problem.
You’ll now need to collect evidence to support the idea that the problem exists. You can also use company research to better understand the symptoms of the problem. Questions you should ask during this step include:
How long has the problem existed?
Who is suffering because of this problem?
What is the short-term and long-term impact of this problem?
What are the key symptoms of this problem?
What evidence do we have to support the idea that there’s a problem?
Once you know more about how this issue impacts your company and team members, you can brainstorm potential causes of the problem.
Identifying possible root causes is the most important part of the root cause analysis process. The causes you find in this step will eventually lead you toward a solution and action plan. Common problem-solving strategies include:
Cause-and-effect flow chart: The free root cause analysis template provided below features a cause-and-effect flowchart. This flowchart breaks down the problem into symptoms, possible causes, and actual causes in order to find a logical solution.
5 whys approach : You can also use the 5 whys approach to get to the root cause of a problem. Instead of taking the problem at face-value, ask "why" until you uncover a process or system that isn't working the way it's supposed to. When you don’t settle for the first answer you land on, you can discover layers of issues that weren’t noticeable right away.
To determine the root cause of your problem, you’ll go through as many possible root causes as you can. Once you’ve exhausted every possibility, ask the following questions:
Are there any similarities between the root causes I’ve identified?
Are there reasons to eliminate any of these possible root causes?
Which root cause seems most problematic?
Similar to the strategies you used when looking for possible root causes, there are strategies you can use to get to the actual root cause. These strategies include:
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA): FMEA is a tool similar to risk analysis where you’ll look at the possible root causes you’ve identified and eliminate the ones that are most likely to result in failure later on.
Impact analysis: Use an impact analysis to assess the positive and negative impacts of each possible root cause you’ve identified. When you make this hypothetical pro and cons list for each cause, you can feel more confident narrowing down your list.
You may struggle to identify a singular root cause of your problem, and that’s okay. If you think your problem has multiple contributing factors, don’t feel pressured to choose just one to solve. It’s nice to streamline your action plan, but sometimes you’ll need to create multiple plans to address an issue.
Once you’re confident in the root causes you’ve identified, it’s time to find solutions for these causes and take action. The solutions you come up with should address the root cause, but as a result, these solutions will work their way back up the chain and address your initial problem.
Ask yourself these questions when developing solutions:
How will we implement this solution if we choose it?
What roadblocks will we face when implementing this solution?
How long will it take to implement this solution?
Who will implement this solution?
Could implementing this solution lead to other problems?
Once you’re ready to create your implementation plan , make sure it’s shared in a tool that all stakeholders can view. Project management software makes it easy for your team to collaborate and coordinate deliverables as needed. It may take several weeks to implement your plan, which means some of your objectives may become dependent on other milestones. Use Gantt charts to view project dependencies and collaborate in real-time.
An RCA template makes performing root cause analysis simpler because you can visualize your problem and its underlying causes in flowchart form. Just like the roots of a tree, this cause-and-effect flow chart expands in different directions from the initial problem.
If you follow the root cause analysis example below, you’ll see how the template begins with one problem and then breaks down into the symptoms the problem displays. From the symptoms, the root cause analysis template helps you determine possible root causes before settling on actual root causes and finding solutions.
In this example, the company is suffering from a loss of website views. The root cause analysis flows as follows:
Website views are down
Reduction in brand visibility
Lack of online purchases
Low domain authority
Possible root causes:
Technical issues with our website
Competitor ranking higher in SERPs
Customers don’t like our product
Customers can’t find our website to make purchases
Poor quality content
Irrelevant backlinks
Actual root causes:
Lack of SEO content
Website isn’t ranking in the SERPs
Lack of relevant keywords
Revamp content
You can download a free root cause analysis template below and use it to identify possible causes and solutions for problems you’re experiencing at work. An RCA template can help you address underlying issues that may not have been obvious at first.
Root cause analysis stands as a cornerstone in continuous improvement and risk management efforts. It offers a systematic process to unearth the real root causes of problems or incidents.
By going beyond symptoms, root cause analysis tools empower RCA teams to delve into the deeper, underlying causes of issues. This deep dive doesn't just lead to temporary fixes; it leads to more effective, long-term resolutions—transforming challenges into opportunities for lasting improvement.
Pareto analysis, based on the Pareto Principle (also known as the 80-20 rule ), is a decision-making technique that helps in identifying the tasks or problem areas with the biggest payoffs. Pareto analysis is particularly effective when there are multiple causes leading to a single effect. This method is widely applied in various business and organizational sectors, helping to prioritize actions that have the greatest impact.
The 5 Whys method is an iterative interrogative method used to analyze the cause-and-effect relationships underlying a specific problem. It involves repeatedly asking the question "Why?" to peel away layers of symptoms, leading to the real root cause of a problem. The Five Whys technique is widely used in lean methodologies to solve problems, reduce costs, and improve quality.
The fishbone diagram, also known as the Ishikawa diagram, is a visual way to look at cause and effect. It helps in brainstorming to detect potential root causes of a problem and is used for product design and quality management. The Ishikawa diagram displays the effect or problem at the mouth of the fish, with potential causes added to the smaller "bones."
Fault tree analysis is a graphical tool that uses Boolean logic—in which the answers to every question are "yes" or “no"—to determine the cause of system-level failures. It's suitable for risk assessment in industries like pharmaceuticals, aerospace, and software engineering. The tool arranges events in sequences and uses logic symbols to show dependencies among events.
FMEA involves reviewing components, subsystems, and assemblies to find weak links in a system and their causes and effects. Developed in the late 1950s, it is both a quantitative and qualitative analysis method used in designing products, processes, or services and for creating control plans for new or modified processes.
The scatter diagram is a graphical tool that plots pairs of numerical data, with one variable on each axis, to examine the relationship between them. When variables are correlated, the points will align along a line or curve. How closely the points cluster around the line indicates the strength of the correlation. This root cause analysis tool is regarded as one of the seven basic quality tools and is essential in determining the relationships between different variables in root cause analysis.
DMAIC, standing for Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control, is a structured approach used in Six Sigma to optimize processes. It provides quantifiable evidence of improvements and is a repeatable and easy-to-understand method for detecting issues and developing solutions. This template is excellent for project managers and RCA teams.
The 8D report template is used for detailed root-cause analysis based on eight disciplines of problem-solving. It's widely used in industries influenced by customer feedback, such as automotive and healthcare. The template helps in identifying and eradicating the problem, focusing on the "escape point," which represents the point when the issue first went undetected.
Events and causal factor analysis identifies the sequence of events and the causal factors that led to an issue or problem. This analysis focuses on understanding the chronological order of events and the specific conditions or actions that contributed to the problem. A cause-and-effect diagram is particularly useful in complex situations where multiple factors interact to cause an issue.
Change analysis is a key component of effective root cause analysis, particularly in quality management and continuous improvement efforts. This method involves examining and comparing the situation or system before and after the occurrence of a problem.
By identifying what changed, you can isolate causal factors more accurately. Change analysis is valuable in scenarios where the issue emerged following alterations in processes, materials, personnel, or equipment, helping to pinpoint the real root cause of the problem swiftly.
Barrier analysis is a problem-solving process that examines the controls and barriers that were in place to prevent an incident and why those safety checks failed. By analyzing the breakdown or absence of these barriers, root cause analysis teams can identify human error, system flaws, and other potential root causes. Barrier analysis contributes to the development of more robust systems and processes, preventing future occurrences of similar issues.
Have you ever wondered how to not only solve problems but also prevent them from recurring? Root cause analysis methods are the key. These methods go into the heart of issues, address their underlying causes, and pave the way for lasting improvements.
This approach doesn't just offer a temporary fix; it ensures the same problems don’t resurface, fostering continuous improvements in processes and outcomes.
Promoting team collaboration can significantly enhance the effectiveness of root cause analysis. Diverse perspectives and expertise contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the issue and the development of effective solutions.
Example: Consider a manufacturing company facing frequent equipment breakdowns. By forming a cross-functional RCA team with members from engineering, maintenance, and operations, they can pool their insights to identify the root cause.
An engineer may pinpoint a design flaw, while a maintenance worker could identify wear and tear issues, and an operator might highlight operational errors. This collaborative approach leads to a comprehensive problem statement that results in a multifaceted and effective solution.
Open-ended questions are key in root-cause analysis. Asking questions encourages a detailed exploration of the issue, allowing team members to consider various possibilities and delve deeper into the underlying causes.
Example: In a healthcare setting, if there's a rise in patient readmissions, asking open-ended questions like "What are the common factors among these readmissions?" or "How do our discharge processes vary for patients who are readmitted?" can reveal deeper issues.
These questions could uncover that certain discharge procedures aren't being followed consistently, leading to the root cause of inadequate patient education at discharge.
An essential aspect of successful root cause analysis is focusing on the process and not on individual blame. Concentrating on the "why" and "how" of the problem rather than "who" was responsible creates an environment conducive to genuine problem-solving and improvement.
Example: In a software development team experiencing frequent project delays, focusing on the process rather than blaming individuals can be more productive. By analyzing the “why” and “how,” such as asking, "Why are these delays happening?" or "How can we optimize our project management strategies?" they might discover that the root cause is not individual incompetence but an unrealistic timeline or unclear communication channels.
This shift from blame to process-oriented thinking helps create a more effective and harmonious problem-solving environment.
RCA doesn’t come with instant results, but getting to the root cause of a problem solves it for good. After coming up with an effective solution, you’ll need to put a plan into action. Asana workflows provide a single source of truth to set goals, monitor progress, and watch your problems fade in real-time.
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DMAIC Template (Click on the template to edit it online) DMAIC Process and Problem-Solving. Following we have listed down the 5 phases of the DMAIC process along with the steps you need to take when using it to solve problems. Different tools for each phase is provided with editable templates. Step 1: Define the Problem
A DMAIC template lets product and project managers skip the document setup phase and dive into process improvement initiatives. It also ensures consistency across multiple departments and Sigma DMAIC studies. ... A problem statement in the lean Six Sigma/DMAIC technique should include the following information: A brief description of the problem;
DMAIC is the problem-solving approach that drives Lean Six Sigma. It's a five-phase method—Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control—for improving existing process problems with unknown causes. DMAIC is based on the Scientific Method and it's pronounced "duh-may-ik.". Originally published on August 24th, 2017, this article was ...
The DMAIC methodology is a popular problem-solving framework that is used to drive process improvements and achieve measurable results. Businesses can improve efficiency, quality, and customer satisfaction by using a structured and data-driven approach to identify, analyze, and address issues. What is DMAIC DMAIC is an acronym for the stages of a Lean Six Sigma…
A DMAIC (Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control) template is a tool used to systematically tackle deficiencies in existing practices and strategize process improvement initiatives. It follows the five-step structure of the DMAIC method as a best practice for Six Sigma practitioners. This document is ideal for enhancing underperforming products ...
There are three main things worth considering when assessing a situation for whether DMAIC would fit: There is an obvious problem of some form with an existing process or set of processes. ... you can check out this public Process Street template below to help illustrate how you could structure an ISO-9001:2015 QMS Mini Manual on our system in ...
The DMAIC Problem Solving Approach is a process improvement methodology based on the Six Sigma approach that helps to improve business processes and products. It is used to identify, analyze, and solve existing processes that are inefficient or ineffective. The approach breaks down into five phases: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control.
A DMAIC example template takes the five directives of the acronym (define, measure, analyze, improve, and control) and turns them into a fill-in-the-blanks graphic. By following DMAIC examples, you can work toward solving inefficiencies in a system—even if you're not 100% sure what the problem is.
Third, the DMAIC process gives you a plan for tackling those issues so that when you're looking at your data and making decisions about moving forward, they're based on facts rather than feelings or assumptions. 5 Steps in the DMAIC Process Define. In the DMAIC Define Phase, you will define the problem or opportunity. You'll define what ...
Using our DMAIC template, you can easily share your analysis and identify the best process improvements with your team. Here's how it works: Step 1: Select this template. Get started by selecting this DMAIC template. It's free to use, and you can easily customize it to your team's specific needs.
The ClickUp DMAIC Template is the perfect Six Sigma tool for Defining, Measuring, Analyzing, Improving, and Controlling any business process. DMAIC is like a secret detective, uncovering hidden problems where you least expect them. It's the ultimate Six Sigma project management strategy for problem-solving and process improvement. 🕵️ ...
Free downloadable DMAIC template to streamline Six Sigma projects. Template includes slides for Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control phases. Customizable format to add project data and company branding. Following the template guides teams through data-driven problem solving.
DMAIC is an acronym that stands for Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control. It represents the five phases that make up the process: Define the problem, improvement activity, opportunity for improvement, the project goals, and customer (internal and external) requirements. Project charter to define the focus, scope, direction, and ...
Six Sigma DMAIC Format Template. Improve your business processes with the Six Sigma DMAIC Format Template, guiding you from identifying problems to maintaining solutions effectively. 1. Define the problem and set a project goal. Identify project sponsor and key stakeholders. Gather historical data relevant to the problem.
DMAIC diagram. The DMAIC model is often circular, as in the following DMAIC diagram: As you monitor your improved process, you'll often identify new problems that you can solve by returning to the beginning of the DMAIC process. In a DMAIC example from higher education, in addition to the gains in the process the team was improving, the DMAIC ...
Let's get started. Lean Six Sigma and the role of problem-solving. For those unfamiliar with Lean Six Sigma and process improvement, it is a structured approach for organizations to scrutinize how things are done, poke at data and processes to uncover waste and then cut out things like extra forms, out-dated approvals and other time-wasting steps.. It's a customer-focused, 5-step problem ...
What is DMAIC? DMAIC is a 5-Stage Problem solving tool, based on Data analysis. It analyzes the Variables and Processes involved in a given Problem, proposes different Solutions and establishes Controls to prevent recidivism. This tool is commonly used in Continual Improvement Processes such as Kaizen, 8D or 6-sigma.
The Six Sigma DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) methodology can be thought of as a roadmap for problem solving and product/process improvement. Most companies begin implementing Six Sigma using the DMAIC methodology, and later add the DFSS (Design for Six Sigma, also known as DMADV or IDDOV) methodologies when the ...
DMAIC stands for Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control. It is a problem-solving and quality improvement methodology businesses use to improve performance. It's a customer-focused, structured approach that also serves as a foundation for Lean Six Sigma.
Free A3 DMAIC Template. October 8, 2020. We have Toyota to thank for gifting us the 8-step A3 problem solving methodology, and it works equally well for 5-step DMAIC six sigma projects. Download our Excel A3 template for free. As an added bonus you get free is/is not and Gantt chart templates, plus two examples of completed A3s. ...
The DMAIC Model. The five steps of the DMAIC model are: Define phase: where you understand the problem you want to address. Measure phase: where you collect data to help you make an informed decision about what's causing the problem. Analyze phase: where you examine and interpret the collected data to attempt to identify the root cause of the ...
Here are the steps in the DMAIC process: Define phase: Understand what process is to be improved and set a goal. Measure phase: Measure the current state. Analyze phase: a) Develop cause-and-effect theories of what may be causing the problem; b) Search for the real causes of the problem and scientifically prove the cause-and-effect linkage.
DMAIC template. DMAIC, standing for Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control, ... Barrier analysis is a problem-solving process that examines the controls and barriers that were in place to prevent an incident and why those safety checks failed. By analyzing the breakdown or absence of these barriers, root cause analysis teams can ...