disadvantages of technology in communication essay

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology in Communication

Our communication has been dramatically changed by technology. Before, people communicated face-to-face or by writing letters.

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Today, email, text messages, social media, and video chats allow us to communicate instantly with anyone in the whole world. We have seen a profound impact on both our professional and personal lives due to this change.

Now we can work with clients, colleagues and employees in different time zones and connect with friends and family living far away.

In this article, I will write down the advantages and disadvantages of information and communication technology and discuss in details the positive and negative impacts of technology on communication.

Advantages of Communication Technology

There are lots of good effects of technology on communication, following are the few of them.

Technology advantages in communication infographic

1. Speed and time

It is possible to save both time and money through internet communication. Information can be transferred much more quickly and cheaply this way.

Contacting a business partner or relative is also faster and more efficient. Today we can send and receive instant messages and emails at any time from anywhere in the world.

Face-to-face communication has also been made possible by the internet. A number of communication tools are available, including Skype, social media sites, video conferencing, and many others

2. Instantaneous and Efficient

Technology makes it easy to find and deliver data to your employees or customers wherever they are. Instead of waiting until your employee returns to your facility to send him complex information, you can text him or email him both simple and complex information on his smartphone or tablet

High-resolution pictures and videos can be provided quickly with digital still and video cameras to help your employees complete a task.

Customers’ needs can be communicated promptly and they can receive real-time information on appointment status. Furthermore, she will be able to provide helpful feedback quickly, so you will be able to satisfy her needs as quickly as possible.

3. Allow Remote Communication

Communication over long distances is possible today just because of technology. You can communicate with people throughout the world like a universal language.

Technology gave us the ability to communicate without having to travel.

The speed and quality of communication also increase with technology. It is possible to communicate with anyone, anywhere in the world.

You can present your company’s products or services to employees and clients anywhere in the world

4. Elimination of Wires and Cables

Cables and wires are becoming obsolete due to technological advancements. Everyone wants to eliminate wires and cables from the workplace.

Cables and wires are replaced with wireless technology which leads many people to choose technology for communication. It is possible to communicate without wires and cables thanks to technology.

5. Mass Communication

It is easy to share information with a large number of people through electronic communication, like email, or even you can use social media as well.

Electronic communication is common in businesses and academic institutions to communicate with many people at once.

For example, educational institutes send notifications to parents of students at once.

Some organizations also use digital marketing to reach advertisements to hundreds and thousands of people. We couldn’t communicate as fast and easily as we do now without technology.

6. Reduced Costs and Time

It is a great advantage of technology that communication is now cheaper and faster as compared to without technology. People can save time and money while still can communicate with others.

Communication has become faster and easier thanks to technology. Lots of debates have been held over the past few decades about the future of communication and its impact.

Technology has a significant impact on communication, and it is very important for everyone especially students to study its effect and future applications.

7. Expansion of coverage areas

With technology, communication has spread to all parts of the globe, which has made it possible for the whole world to become like a small village.

Now, we can communicate with anyone around the globe in seconds like a village. Technology has removed the distance.

For example, a person in the USA can communicate with a person in China in seconds through mobile phones and emails. This all becomes possible due to advancements in technology.

These were some of the advantages of technology in communication. Now, let’s discuss the disadvantages as well.

Disadvantages of Communication Technology

There are lots of bad effects of technology on communication as well, the following are a few of them.

Technology disadvantages in communication infographic

1. Deteriorating Language

There have been dictionaries, treatises, and books written about the vocabulary and peculiarities of text messaging and online slang.

People who do not speak English natively may find this slang extremely confusing which can make it hard to comprehend.

The habit of texting and chatting online can cause people to use it even in situations where it is inappropriate or out of place. Such as in school essays or business messages.

2. Privacy Issue

Technology in communication lacks privacy which is one of its most obvious disadvantages. Mobile phones can be used as two-way microphones and cameras as well as tracking devices.

Many phones now have GPS tracking capabilities, which can be used to track a person.

Today society is really strange as we constantly have our privacy violated.

Technological advances have made it possible for hackers and others to track, monitor, and spy on people in lots of ways.

As a result of technology, communication has changed and is often done in public or semi-public, which poses a privacy concern.

Due to the fact that email, the Internet, and cell phones do not display the voice and face of the person, it is easy for them to hide behind them. Also, it makes them anonymous from others.

3. Overruling cultures

Internet has created a global village, but some cultures have consumed others as a result. For example, the way people from western countries dress, act, and behave has influenced teens from other parts of the world.

Due to this fact, lots of cultures have vanished.

4. Distraction from Real Life

You may feel lonely and left out if you are sitting next to someone who is engaged in a heated text message conversation.

People who are engrossed in their gadgets can develop tunnel vision when using technology as their primary means of communication.

As a result, thumb talkers may neglect their jobs, neglect their relationships with friends and family and drive dangerously without realizing the bad results.

5. Potential for Misunderstanding

You lose the subtleties of body language and voice inflection when you communicate over the phone, computer, or other gadgets.

A wink or all caps at the end of a jovial text can show the severity of your message, but your words can still be misconstrued. Physical conversations also provide instant clarification.

6. Lose the Art of Conversation

Our society has lost face-to-face conversation due to technology . Getting the point across is as easy as a quick telephone call or text message.

As a result of technology, there are too many distractions that make conversing difficult. By using a phone or computer, you can be completely absorbed in the conversation, which detracts from its quality.

Friends and family are often kept in touch through social media. Face-to-face communication is challenging. A person’s perfume or voice cannot be smelled or heard.

A real, face-to-face conversation can’t be substituted for this type of communication.

Conclusion on Advantages and Disadvantages of Electronic Communication Technology

Thank you for reading the complete article. As far as the final verdict is concerned, you already know the advantages and disadvantages of technology in communication. It will be wrong to say that technology is only good or only bad for communication as we normally do in conclusion. If we use technology effectively and efficiently, it can be beneficial for our communication. It can be worst as well if we use it in a bad way.

Relevant Resources:

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Ahmad Ali (Author)

Ahmad Ali has been a technology enthusiast and writer for the past 5 years having vast knowledge of technology.

Rehmat Ullah (Content Reviewer)

Rehmat Ullah is a software engineer and CEO of Softhat IT Solutions. He is an expert technologist, entrepreneur, and educationist.

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology in Communication

Updated 25 October 2023

Subject Technology , Communication

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Category Science , Sociology

Innovation and Technology in Communication

Innovation has changed almost every aspect of our lives. Technology can be primarily viewed as a collection of techniques, skills, methods, as well as processes that develop or change a culture. Among the various sectors that have been affected by technology, the communication industry has experienced the most changes. Communication has become faster, more comfortable, and reliable with the invention of mobile phones as well as Internet accessibility (van der Vegte 2016). What is more, people can reach a wider audience, including people who live overseas within no time. New methods of communication, such as social media networking and video conferencing have also emerged as a result of the advances in technology. This paper will discuss how technology has improved communication.

Reliability and Speed of Communication

First, technology has made communication more reliable and faster. The availability of cell phones has made it possible for people to send text messages and make phone calls, which are received instantly provided there is a good network. Besides, better phones have been developed, such as Android and smartphones, which can connect to the Internet and send emails or even make video calls (van der Vegte 2016). Before the development of mobile phones, people would communicate through letters, and faxes, which were more prone to human manipulation, unlike texts, emails, and calls. Once a text message is sent, it is often received the way it was written, but letters can be opened and read by unintended recipients, which further breaches privacy. What is more, old means of communication would take time before reaching the recipient and before receiving the feedback. As such, the entire flow of communication was slow and so were the day-to-day activities. Today, messages and emails are reliable ways to conduct international businesses or talk to friends who live overseas. What is more, electronic communication has opened new business opportunities in the global platform.

The Impact of Social Media Networking

Currently, online communication has taken the world by storm since many people are now using social media platforms to network and to make new friends. Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp, and Snap Chat, just to mention a few social media networking sites have millions of users who share all forms of information for various purposes (Duggan et al. 2015). For instance, many people have opened Facebook, and Integral pages, which contain pictures and information regarding their businesses and this attracts new customers both locally and internationally. A significant number of businesses are now using social media to market them, which has proven to be effective. Before social media was invented, it would require businessmen and women to travel to a country where they want to invest in and do a market analysis, but technology has changed this. Nevertheless, most of the social media platforms are used to communicate with strangers or rather make new friends. This has transformed the society as dating sites have become popular and it is easy to find partners online. Moreover, individuals get to interact and know about each other's culture without necessarily being there in person. Social media platforms also enable one to attract as many followers as one would want, which eventually helps the society because it keeps people updated on the events happening all around the world (Jensen 2002).

Sharing Information with a Larger Audience

Technology has also changed communication in the sense that one can now share information with a large audience at a go. Online communication, such as through video conferencing has become more reliable especially in the corporate world. Video conferencing includes sharing of sound or video information between at least two individuals over an Internet through video conferencing programming. A video conference is more efficient than a telephone call since it is visual and it enables you someone to see the outward appearances/facial expression and the non-verbal communication of the other party (Lee 2012). The education sector has also benefitted from online communication, and most people are now taking online classes while at the same time, working. In workplaces, online communication through emails can is faster, easier, and one email can be sent to all the workers.

Information Overload

Even though technology has improved communication in many ways, it hinders effective communication by causing information overload. Information overload also known as intoxication or in obesity occurs when there is too much information making it difficult for a person to understand an issue and make a decision (Soucek, and Moser, 2010). As information that we receive has increased in our lives today, we find ourselves stressed due to the pressure, distractions and interruptions brought about by this information, and this hinders how we make our decisions.

Overall, technology has improved communication in various ways. First, with the invention of mobile phones, communication has become more reliable and faster since people can send texts and make calls which are received instantly. Besides, new forms of communication, such as social networking have developed as a result of technological advancements, and they improve the communication circle both locally and internationally. With technological improvements, one can also communicate with a larger audience. However, the main drawback regarding technology on communication is that it has resulted in information overload.

Duggan, M., Ellison, N.B., Lampe, C., Lenhart, A. and Madden, M., 2015. Social Media Update 2014. Pew Research Center, January 2015.

Jensen, K., 2002. The social origins and uses of media and communication research. Handbook of media and communications research: qualitative and quantitative methodologies, pp.273-293.

Lee, E.A. and Messerschmitt, D.G., 2012. Digital communication. Springer Science " Business Media.

Soucek, R. and Moser, K., 2010. Coping with information overload in email communication: Evaluation of a training intervention. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(6), pp.1458-1466.

van der Vegte, W.F., 2016, August. Taking Advantage of Data Generated by Products: Trends, Opportunities and Challenges. In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (pp. V01BT02A025-V01BT02A025). American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

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What is advantage and disadvantage of technology?

Finding the balance between exploiting the advantages of technology and mitigating its disadvantages remains a key challenge in our increasingly digital world. Here are some of the basic advantages and disadvantages of technology mentioned below as…

Advantages of Technology

1. Efficiency: Technology automates tasks, increases productivity, and reduces errors.

2. Connectivity: Enable instant global communication and collaboration.

3. Access to Information: Provides access to a wide range of knowledge and information resources.

4. Medical advances: leading to better health care, improved treatments, and longer lives.

5. Convenience: Simplify your daily life with time-saving devices and services.

6. Innovation: Driving progress and creating new products, services, and industries.

7. Accessibility: Helping people with disabilities live more independently.

Disadvantage of Technology

1. Privacy Concerns: Raise privacy, surveillance, and hacking issues.

2. Addiction: Excessive reliance on technology can lead to loss of necessary skills and addiction.

3. Health Issues: Promotes sedentary lifestyles, screen-related health issues, and digital eye strain.

4. Environmental Impact: This leads to electronic waste , energy consumption, and wasted resources.

5. Social isolation: Decreased face-to-face interactions can damage relationships.

6. Job Disruption: Automation may result in job transfers in some industries.

7. Security Threats: Increased risk of cyberattacks and cybercrime.

In the modern world, technology offers undeniable benefits, increasing efficiency, connectivity, and access to information. However, it also comes with downsides such as privacy concerns, addiction, and environmental impact.

Navigating the Digital Era: An Essay on the Advantage and Disadvantage of Technology

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This essay examines the strengths and weaknesses of this technology and sheds light on its complex and evolving role in our society.

Efficiency and Productivity: One of the most obvious benefits of this technology is that it greatly increases efficiency. Tasks that previously took hours or even days to complete can now be completed in a fraction of the time. Technology-driven automation has streamlined industries from manufacturing to agriculture.

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Disadvantages of Technology

Privacy Issues: The digital age has raised serious concerns about privacy. Our personal information is often collected without consent, leading to alarming breaches and potential misuse.

Addiction and Addiction: The prevalence of technology, especially smartphones and social media, is facilitating addictions that can approach addiction. The temptation of constant notifications and endless scrolling can have a negative impact on our health.

Health Risks: Prolonged screen viewing combined with a sedentary lifestyle leads to a variety of health problems such as obesity, sleep disturbance, and digital eye strain. Additionally, the blue light emitted by screens can disrupt your circadian rhythm.

Environmental Impact: The manufacture and disposal of electronic equipment causes significant environmental damage. E-waste containing hazardous substances poses a major ecological threat.

Social Impact: Paradoxically, the technologies that connect us digitally can cause social isolation in the physical world. Face-to-face interactions are declining, and the ability to form meaningful relationships can be compromised.

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The challenge in the digital age is finding the balance between enjoying the benefits of technology and mitigating its drawbacks. Moving forward requires careful thought and responsible stewardship to ensure that technology continues to be a positive force in our lives.

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2. Dependence and Addiction

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3. Health Issues

Excessive screen time and sedentary behavior are associated with a variety of health problems, including obesity, sleep disorders, and digital eye strain. Blue light emitted from screens can also interfere with sleep patterns.

4. Environmental Impact

The manufacture and disposal of electronic equipment lead to environmental pollution. E-waste containing hazardous materials poses a major challenge to disposal and is harmful to the environment.

5. Social Isolation

Technology enables digital connectivity but reduces face-to-face interactions, which can lead to loneliness and a lack of interpersonal skills.

6. Job Displacement

Automation and artificial intelligence are replacing certain jobs, especially those with repetitive tasks. This can lead to unemployment and workers will have to acquire new skills.

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7. Security Threats

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Using calculators and spell checkers can lead to a decline in basic math and language skills. Additionally, GPS systems can affect your ability to navigate without digital support.

10. Ethical Dilemmas

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It is important to note that while this technology presents these drawbacks, it also offers many advantages. Weighing the pros and cons of technology is critical to continuing to integrate technology into our lives.

After completing the essay on advantage and disadvantage of technology , one thing becomes clear: technology will live on and continue to deeply shape our lives. The way forward is to realize your potential while recognizing the pitfalls.

By promoting responsible and ethical use of technology , we can ensure that the benefits of the digital age far outweigh its drawbacks. In doing so, we will ensure a future where technology truly serves as a tool for progress, innovation, and the betterment of mankind.

The Disadvantages of Technology on Communication

By Laurel Storm

As modern technology grows and advances by leaps and bounds, so too does its effect on our life and society. The impact of technological improvements on communication, in particular, has been extensive and largely positive, helping people keep in touch with each other more effectively and efficiently. However, you need only look at the nearest gaggle of teenagers glued to their cell phones to realize that there are also plenty of downsides from technology's impact on communication.

The Lost Art of Conversation

Technology such as text messages and email allows us to communicate in short, carefully-edited sentences that lack immediacy and completely remove the contextual information provided by tone of voice and body language. As a result, people who connect with others primarily through technology might find it difficult to engage in normal conversation, since they may have issues understanding non-verbal cues due to lack of practice with face-to-face interaction that can't be paused, edited or filtered.

Deteriorating Language

Books, dictionaries and treatises have been written on the vocabulary and peculiarities of online and text messaging slang. This slang can prove extremely confusing for people who are not native English speakers, making it harder to discern the meaning of a sentence; people who regularly text or chat online may end up using it, out of sheer habit, even in situations where it is inappropriate or out of place, such as in business messages or school essays.

Enabling Rudeness

Because communicating through technology creates a barrier between people that isn't there when speaking face to face, some may find it easier to be rude and aggressive. Insulting or threatening messages from anonymous commenters are par for the course for anybody who regularly publishes online content, and even lack of anonymity doesn't alleviate the issue -- Facebook arguments and the like are also relatively common. Sherry Turkle, professor of the social studies of science and technology at MIT, suggests that this happens because technology keeps us from having to see the reaction of the person on the receiving end of the message, making it harder to empathize with him.

Constant Disruption

Technology allows us to always be reachable if we want to be, no matter where we are or what we're doing. Although this can be beneficial, it may also lead to a vicious cycle of stress and anxiety in which people feel pressured to immediately check and answer any incoming messages, emails or phone calls regardless of whether it is appropriate, for fear of being seen as inadequate or inattentive. In turn, this can potentially cause the breakdown of the very same relationships the person is trying to maintain.

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Laurel Storm has been writing since 2001, and helping people with technology for far longer than that. Some of her articles have been published in "Messaggero dei Ragazzi", an Italian magazine for teenagers. She holds a Master of Arts in writing for television and new media from the University of Turin.

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How Smartphones Are Killing Conversation

What happens when we become too dependent on our mobile phones? According to MIT sociologist Sherry Turkle, author of the new book Reclaiming Conversation , we lose our ability to have deeper, more spontaneous conversations with others, changing the nature of our social interactions in alarming ways.

Turkle has spent the last 20 years studying the impacts of technology on how we behave alone and in groups. Though initially excited by technology’s potential to transform society for the better, she has become increasingly worried about how new technologies, cell phones in particular, are eroding the social fabric of our communities.

In her previous book, the bestselling Alone Together , she articulated her fears that technology was making us feel more and more isolated, even as it promised to make us more connected. Since that book came out in 2012, technology has become even more ubiquitous and entwined with our modern existence. Reclaiming Conversation is Turkle’s call to take a closer look at the social effects of cell phones and to re-sanctify the role of conversation in our everyday lives in order to preserve our capacity for empathy , introspection, creativity, and intimacy.

disadvantages of technology in communication essay

I interviewed Turkle by phone to talk about her book and some of the questions it raises. Here is an edited version of our conversation.

Jill Suttie: Your new book warns that cell phones and other portable communication technology are killing the art of conversation. Why did you want to focus on conversation, specifically?

Sherry Turkle: Because conversation is the most human and humanizing thing that we do. It’s where empathy is born, where intimacy is born—because of eye contact, because we can hear the tones of another person’s voice, sense their body movements, sense their presence. It’s where we learn about other people. But, without meaning to, without having made a plan, we’ve actually moved away from conversation in a way that my research was showing is hurting us.

JS: How are cell phones and other technologies hurting us?

ST: Eighty-nine percent of Americans say that during their last social interaction, they took out a phone, and 82 percent said that it deteriorated the conversation they were in. Basically, we’re doing something that we know is hurting our interactions.

I’ll point to a study. If you put a cell phone into a social interaction, it does two things: First, it decreases the quality of what you talk about, because you talk about things where you wouldn’t mind being interrupted, which makes sense, and, secondly, it decreases the empathic connection that people feel toward each other.

So, even something as simple as going to lunch and putting a cell phone on the table decreases the emotional importance of what people are willing to talk about, and it decreases the connection that the two people feel toward one another. If you multiply that by all of the times you have a cell phone on the table when you have coffee with someone or are at breakfast with your child or are talking with your partner about how you’re feeling, we’re doing this to each other 10, 20, 30 times a day.

JS: So, why are humans so vulnerable to the allure of the cell phone, if it’s actually hurting our interactions?

ST: Cell phones make us promises that are like gifts from a benevolent genie—that we will never have to be alone, that we will never be bored, that we can put our attention wherever we want it to be, and that we can multitask, which is perhaps the most seductive of all. That ability to put your attention wherever you want it to be has become the thing people want most in their social interactions—that feeling that you don’t have to commit yourself 100 percent and you can avoid the terror that there will be a moment in an interaction when you’ll be bored.

Actually allowing yourself a moment of boredom is crucial to human interaction and it’s crucial to your brain as well. When you’re bored, your brain isn’t bored at all—it’s replenishing itself, and it needs that down time.

We’re very susceptible to cell phones, and we even get a neurochemical high from the constant stimulation that our phones give us.

I’ve spent the last 20 years studying how compelling technology is, but you know what? We can still change. We can use our phones in ways that are better for our kids, our families, our work, and ourselves. It’s the wrong analogy to say we’re addicted to our technology. It’s not heroin.

JS: One thing that struck me in your book was that many people who you interviewed talked about the benefits of handling conflict or difficult emotional issues online. They said they could be more careful with their responses and help decrease interpersonal tensions. That seems like a good thing. What’s the problem with that idea?

ST: It was a big surprise when I did the research for my book to learn how many people want to dial down fighting or dealing with difficult emotional issues with a partner or with their children by doing it online.

But let’s take the child example. If you do that with your child, if you only deal with them in this controlled way, you are basically playing into your child’s worst fear—that their truth, their rage, their unedited feelings, are something that you can’t handle. And that’s exactly what a parent shouldn’t be saying to a child. Your child doesn’t need to hear that you can’t take and accept and honor the intensity of their feelings.

People need to share their emotions—I feel very strongly about this. I understand why people avoid conflict, but people who use this method end up with children who think that the things they feel aren’t OK. There’s a variant of this, which is interesting, where parents give their children robots to talk to or want their children to talk to Siri, because somehow that will be a safer place to get out their feelings. Again, that’s exactly what your child doesn’t need.

JS: Some studies seem to show that increased social media use actually increases social interaction offline. I wonder how this squares with your thesis?

ST: How I interpret that data is that if you’re a social person, a socially active person, your use of social media becomes part of your social profile. And I think that’s great. My book is not anti-technology; it’s pro-conversation. So, if you find that your use of social media increases your number of face-to-face conversations, then I’m 100 percent for it.

Another person who might be helped by social media is someone who uses it for taking baby steps toward meeting people for face-to-face conversations. If you’re that kind of person, I’m totally supportive.

I’m more concerned about people for whom social media becomes a kind of substitute, who literally post something on Facebook and just sit there and watch whether they get 100 likes on their picture, whose self-worth and focus becomes dictated by how they are accepted, wanted, and desired by social media.

And I’m concerned about the many other situations in which you and I are talking at a dinner party with six other people, and everyone is texting at the meal and applying the “three-person rule”—that three people have to have their heads up before anyone feels it’s safe to put their head down to text. In this situation, where everyone is both paying attention and not paying attention, you end up with nobody talking about what’s really on their minds in any serious, significant way, and we end up with trivial conversations, not feeling connected to one another.

JS: You also write about how conversation affects the workplace environment. Aren’t conversations just distractions to getting work done? Why support conversation at work?

More on Technology

Read Jill Suttie's review of Reclaiming Conversation .

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five ways to build caring community on social media .

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Learn how technology is shaping romance .

ST: In the workplace, you need to create sacred spaces for conversation because, number one, conversation actually increases the bottom line. All the studies show that when people are allowed to talk to each other, they do better—they’re more collaborative, they’re more creative, they get more done.

It’s very important for companies to make space for conversation in the workplace. But if a manager doesn’t model to employees that it’s OK to be off of their email in order to have conversation, nothing is going to get accomplished. I went to one workplace that had cappuccino machines every 10 feet and tables the right size for conversation, where everything was built for conversation. But people were feeling that the most important way to show devotion to the company was answering their email immediately. You can’t have conversation if you have to be constantly on your email. Some of the people I interviewed were terrified to be away from their phones. That translates into bringing your cell phone to breakfast and not having breakfast with your kids.

JS: If technology is so ubiquitous yet problematic, what recommendations do you make for keeping it at a manageable level without getting so hooked?

ST: The path ahead is not a path where we do without technology, but of living in greater harmony with it. Among the first steps I see is to create sacred spaces—the kitchen, the dining room, the car—that are device-free and set aside for conversation. When you have lunch with a friend or colleague or family member, don’t put a phone on the table between you. Make meals a time when you are there to listen and be heard.

When we move in and out of conversations with our friends in the room and all the people we can reach on our phones, we miss out on the kinds of conversations where empathy is born and intimacy thrives. I met a wise college junior who spoke about the “seven-minute rule”: It takes seven minutes to know if a conversation is going to be interesting. And she admitted that she rarely was willing to put in her seven minutes. At the first “lull,” she went to her phone. But it’s when we stumble, hesitate, and have those “lulls” that we reveal ourselves most to each other.

So allow for those human moments, accept that life is not a steady “feed,” and learn to savor the pace of conversation—for empathy, for community, for creativity.

About the Author

Jill Suttie

Jill Suttie, Psy.D. , is Greater Good ’s former book review editor and now serves as a staff writer and contributing editor for the magazine. She received her doctorate of psychology from the University of San Francisco in 1998 and was a psychologist in private practice before coming to Greater Good .

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Home — Essay Samples — Life — Impact — Pros And Cons Of Technology

Pros and Cons of Technology

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I. introduction, narrower issues related to the pros and cons of technology, a. social media and its impact on relationships, b. automation and the future of work, c. accessibility and equity in the digital age.

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Ielts exam preparation for a higher band score., ielts essay – impact of technology on communication.

IELTS Essay:

Topic: Impact of technology on communication. (Advantages & Disadvantages).

Sample Answer: It is a true fact to consider that in the present day the world has become a global village. As a result technology has main impact to the contemporary world. Considering this, some analysts consider the positive impacts of technology on our communication while others shows the negative aspects of it. However, there are some pros and cons behind implementation of said proposal.

There are some significant advantages of the influences of technology on communication and time saving could be a significant fact to be considered. It is generally seen that few decades ago people used to send letters to exchange a few words and ideas with others and waited a long time to get reply from them. However, as the development of technology people use modern equipment for communication to each other. For example, telephone, mobile phones, internet and e-mails etc. Moreover, building relationship easily and across the boundary with each other may be another merit of the technological advancement. Therefore, people are not getting alone anymore because closed families and friends get chance to find out their loved ones.

Despite, the advantages pointed out above regarding immense benefit of communication, there are some disadvantages that cannot be neglected without any careful consideration. Unstable cyber relationships could be a detrimental fact. It may be defined as that nowadays social media has brought people together and made new relationships possible. As result some relationships led to many crimes For instance, internet frauds, lying deceiving have become very common nowadays.

In the end, undoubtedly, whether communication is good or bad to the society is a matter of discussion; however, as far as I am concern communication has enormous benefits to the contemporary world and it outweighs certain drawbacks. The way we live our life could not have been possible without the blessing of the modern technology and communications.

[ Written by – Thilini Shani ]

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Modern Technology: Advantages and Disadvantages Report

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Disadvantages and Potential Solutions

Due to the development of modern technology, humanity is presented with new inventions capable of facilitating everyday life almost every year. Nowadays, people have a variety of technological solutions to use. Sophisticated gadgets, new opportunities for instant communication, and other things are meant to improve people’s experiences with daily tasks. Despite the benefits of new technology, it can affect people by causing cognitive problems or issues related to inappropriate content, and such concerns require common users’ active participation to be reduced.

The use of modern technology is increasing rapidly, and it can have both positive and negative consequences. According to Farmer and Lafond (2016), even though technological progress is “a driver of economic growth,” this process should be highly predictable and historically trackable to avoid economic collapses and other issues (p. 647). It means that sometimes, rapid technological growth and digitalization can present a problem since the rates of technological advancement can be incompatible with social conditions. First of all, modern technology can become dangerous when it is overused, or the resources needed for its implementation are more significant than its actual benefits. Apart from that, there are numerous concerns related to modern technology’s supposed impact on people’s health.

The Role of Technology

People use modern technology daily, but its effects and the perceived benefits may vary depending on its type. For instance, numerous food production technologies have been improved recently. All individuals who do not produce alimentary products on their own present a party that receives benefits in this regard. The same is true when it comes to new technology in construction, healthcare, and many other fields of activity. The field typically associated with the most obvious growth of impact on people’s daily lives is information and communications technology. According to Given et al. (2016), in 2010, more than 90% of teenagers from the United States had an opportunity to access the Internet. The increasing access to technologies for data sharing and communication impacts millions of people, encouraging them to become faster at data searching, which is particularly important for educational purposes. Therefore, in general, modern technology heavily impacts people’s lives, removing the necessity of tiring housework activities and facilitating communication.

The advantages of technological growth are numerous, and they strictly relate to specific fields. For example, in ITC, technological advancement leads to faster exchange of information, which has positive implications to awareness of disastrous events, people’s overall area of thought, and access to new knowledge. To some extent, new opportunities in ITC are capable of reducing finance-based barriers to information. As for other advantages, some examples of new technology can be life-saving (Farmer & Lafond; 2016; Hamet, & Tremblay, 2017). For instance, the emergence of new medical robots helps to eliminate mistakes related to the human factor and monitor “the guided delivery of drugs to target organs, tissues, and tumors” (Hamet, & Tremblay, 2017, p. S39). As is clear from this example, further technological advancement can potentially increase the quality of medical care by reducing the rates of complications. In general, new technology is advantageous since it facilitates education and can help to eliminate medical mistakes.

The disadvantages of modern technology involve numerous risks related to people’s cognitive intelligence and children’s healthy development. Nowadays, even pre-school children have access to gadgets and some online sources, which helps them to learn “by modeling the adult world” (Given et al., 2016, p. 350). This “world” may involve different types of content, and the age-appropriateness of children’s online activities presents a significant issue to discuss. Samaha and Hawi (2017) report that “American youth intense exposure to new media systems… negatively affects their sexuality” (p. 352). This fact adds to the problem of technology use related to exposure to unwanted materials. According to Moledina and Khoja (2018), “overindulgence on the internet and internet-enabled devices causes cognitive impairment such as reduced attention and decreased memory span” (p. 12). Nowadays, many children possess technology literacy, but as research indicates, memory issues at an early age are a reverse of the coin. Both disadvantages discussed in the section are related to problems widely discussed today, and the ability to address them is crucial.

The problem related to the exposure to age-inappropriate materials with the help of new technology can be solved due to the concerted efforts of parents and software developers. Apart from using applications helping to filter content, parents can reduce unwanted influences on their children by introducing specific rules at home (Samaha & Hawi, 2017). Among other things, time limits related to media use can make children more disciplined. The next issue, the threat of cognitive impairment, should be solved with the help of focused education and again, parental control. For instance, Moledina and Khoja (2018) recommend the so-called digital diet and increased social activity to both adults and children. These measures are supposed to help a person strike the right balance between online and real-life activities, thus helping to prevent addiction to technology.

Finally, although the growth of research and new technology has several advantages related to people’s quality of life and the amount of time needed to perform certain operations, its negative effects deserve close attention and specific solutions. Technology overuse and the availability of age-inappropriate content are among the most obvious negative effects of technological advancement. To solve such problems, people should become more conscious concerning modern technology and closely monitor their children’s use of it.

Farmer, J. D., & Lafond, F. (2016). How predictable is technological progress? Research Policy , 45 (3), 647-665.

Given, L. M., Winkler, D. C., Willson, R., Davidson, C., Danby, S., & Thorpe, K. (2016). Watching young children “play” with information technology: Everyday life information seeking in the home. Library & Information Science Research , 38 (4), 344-352.

Hamet, P., & Tremblay, J. (2017). Artificial intelligence in medicine. Metabolism , 69 , S36-S40.

Moledina, S., & Khoja, A. (2018). Letter to the editor: Digital dementia – is smart technology making us dumb? The Ochsner Journal , 18 (1), 12.

Samaha, M., & Hawi, N. S. (2017). Associations between screen media parenting practices and children’s screen time in Lebanon. Telematics and Informatics , 34 (1), 351-358.

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IvyPanda. (2021, July 9). Modern Technology: Advantages and Disadvantages. https://ivypanda.com/essays/modern-technology-advantages-and-disadvantages/

"Modern Technology: Advantages and Disadvantages." IvyPanda , 9 July 2021, ivypanda.com/essays/modern-technology-advantages-and-disadvantages/.

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IvyPanda . 2021. "Modern Technology: Advantages and Disadvantages." July 9, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/modern-technology-advantages-and-disadvantages/.

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IvyPanda . "Modern Technology: Advantages and Disadvantages." July 9, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/modern-technology-advantages-and-disadvantages/.

Impact of Technology on the Communication

Introduction, social networks, relationships altered, globalization due to the internet, works cited.

Communication technology happens to be the main breakthrough in the contemporary world of technology. Millions of people are connected via the Internet without even leaving their houses. This presents splendid opportunities for people to make foreign friends, develop businesses, and take part in globalization. The paper is going to unveil the main opportunities and the disadvantages presented by communication technologies. The communication in front of a computer makes it easier to trespass geographical boundaries and benefit economically while joys of social face-to-face communication become a reality of the past for contemporary youth which damages the social environment greatly.

Social networks nowadays are the main means for the youth to communicate, make friends, exchange information, and most importantly have their life tracked down online. While communication has long been limited to house boundaries (the development of phone cable connection), the Internet now gives an opportunity to showcase the personal life of an individual which significantly changes the social norms. While several decades ago it was somewhat improperly to expose one’s personal life, today the revealing pictures are not a surprise within the social networks. Moreover, this makes friends take another attitude towards friendship and communication. While a decade ago it was a common tradition to go out in the evening, come over to a friend’s house, or just talk about the problems bugging, today the social network status is enough to upgrade on the events in your life.

As such, the relationships between couples have to be elaborated on within the scope of contemporary communication technologies. People stopped going out as frequently as it was before – the dating websites have taken over largely (Tarbox 27). The invasion of online dating agencies has a great impact on people’s personal life. The couples do not get to have first eye contact and talk during the first meeting. They sit by their computer and talk to someone you do not even know the real name of. Teenagers use and frequently abuse modern technologies while parents often have no idea of the current problem because of the generation gap problem. Very often the experience that can be got due to real-life chats can be much richer than talking to a friend online. The non –verbal communication skills are lost, whereas a teenager will need to use those one day (Bast 57).

Globalization has been a great push for all countries all over the world to keep up to the high standards of education (Echezona et al., 078). This is a great opportunity for people to get abroad, for example, and study there for future higher goals setting. This is what globalization is all about – the economical growth of the entire country and its separately taken citizens. This way not only labor-seeking migration is exercised; new opportunities become available for people who want and are able to keep up to high global standards. An Internet connection makes it possible to exercise free research, phone calls, and more beneficial results for the seeker.

In conclusion, it must be said that communication technologies are changing social environments greatly. The teenagers – the most active participants – are altering the social norms currently. This is going to be a social communication revolution when there will be no need to leave the house except for groceries supplies. Communication online expands geographical boundaries but lacks personal contact that making it impossible to notice different hidden meanings through non-verbal communication.

Bast, Donna, S. Teens and Computers…What’s a Parent to Do?: A Basic Guide to Social Networking, Instant Messaging, Chat, Email, Computer Set-up and More. New York: BookSurge Publishing, 2007. Print.

Echezona, Rachel. “Globalization, information revolution and Higher Education in Nigeria: The challenging roles of Library Professionals.” International Journal of Library and Information Science 1.6 (2009): 074-081.

Tarbox, Katherine. A Girl’s Life Online. London: Plume, 2004. Print.

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Essay on Advantages and Disadvantages of Modern Technology

Students are often asked to write an essay on Advantages and Disadvantages of Modern Technology in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Advantages and Disadvantages of Modern Technology

Introduction.

Modern technology is a crucial part of our lives. It has its advantages and disadvantages which we will explore.

Firstly, technology makes our life easier. For example, we can communicate with others instantly. Secondly, it provides endless entertainment options. Lastly, it’s a great tool for education.

Disadvantages

However, there are downsides. Over-reliance on technology can lead to less physical activity. Additionally, it can cause social isolation. Lastly, it can be a distraction from studies.

In conclusion, while technology has its benefits, it’s important to use it wisely to avoid its pitfalls.

250 Words Essay on Advantages and Disadvantages of Modern Technology

Advantages of modern technology.

Modern technology enhances efficiency and productivity. Tools like computers, software, and artificial intelligence can automate repetitive tasks, freeing humans to focus on complex, creative pursuits. Moreover, technology enables instant communication and fosters global connectivity. Platforms such as social media, email, and video conferencing have bridged geographical distances, fostering a global culture of collaboration and shared knowledge.

Disadvantages of Modern Technology

However, the reliance on technology can lead to issues such as privacy invasion and data theft. With the increasing amount of personal information shared online, individuals become vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Furthermore, the extensive use of technology can lead to physical and mental health problems. The sedentary lifestyle promoted by screen-based activities can contribute to obesity, while constant connectivity can lead to stress and anxiety.

In conclusion, while modern technology has significantly improved our lives, it has also introduced new challenges. It’s crucial to strike a balance, leveraging the benefits of technology while being aware of its potential pitfalls. As we continue to innovate, we must also develop strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of technology.

500 Words Essay on Advantages and Disadvantages of Modern Technology

Modern technology has become an integral part of our daily lives, influencing every aspect from communication to business, from education to healthcare. The advancements in technology have brought numerous benefits, but they also come with their own set of drawbacks. This essay aims to delve into the advantages and disadvantages of modern technology.

One of the most significant benefits of modern technology is the enhancement of communication. With the advent of smartphones, social media, and instant messaging apps, people can now connect with each other from any corner of the world in real-time, fostering global collaboration and cultural exchange.

In the field of education, technology has transformed the learning experience. Online education platforms, digital textbooks, and virtual classrooms have made learning more accessible, personalized, and flexible.

Despite its advantages, modern technology also has its downsides. One of the main disadvantages is the issue of privacy and security. With the increasing amount of data being shared online, there is a growing concern about data breaches, identity theft, and cybercrime.

Moreover, the rapid pace of technological change can lead to job displacement. Automation and artificial intelligence threaten to replace human labor in certain sectors, leading to job loss and increased social inequality.

In conclusion, while modern technology offers numerous benefits such as improved communication, advancements in healthcare, and transformation in education, it also poses significant challenges, including privacy and security concerns, mental health issues, and job displacement. Therefore, it is essential to strike a balance between leveraging the benefits of modern technology and mitigating its potential drawbacks. As we continue to innovate and advance, we must also ensure that we are addressing these challenges and shaping a future where technology serves as a tool for societal improvement rather than a source of disruption.

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

Happy studying!

Disadvantages of Technology Essays

39 samples in this category

The digital universe affects us all, whether personally or professionally. New technologies and their applications have evolved at lightning speed. They have allowed progress in fields as important as education, science or medicine. And they have come into our lives to solve many problems, but also to create others. Let’s...

Disadvantages of technology

But not everything is joy in the world of technology. There are aspects that have to be analyzed due to the negative impact they have.

Elimination of jobs . It is evidence that more and more machines and robots have been replacing the human hand with the negative consequences that this entails. As technology advances, human work is undervalued.

Dependence on technological devices . This misuse and excessive use of technology is leading to major health problems such as addiction, depression, social isolation, anxiety, hearing damage or eye diseases.

Less human interaction . With the arrival of search engines like Google or WhatsApp, interpersonal communication is being lost. We hardly ask anything to the one next to us.

Social isolation . More and more people spend more time hooked on mobile devices: game consoles, social networks , surfing the internet… Communication and the way people interact is declining by leaps and bounds.

Social inequalities. Marginalization of those communities that cannot access new technologies.

Excessive and uncontrolled consumption. This immediacy, just one click away from any product or service, sometimes leads to excessive consumerism.

Promotes sedentary lifestyle. With the health problems that it entails.

Creativity is reduced. This dependence on digital devices means that we do not work so much with our heads. An example of this is the use of the calculator, no one does mathematical calculations to solve a simple operation, but uses this tool.

As we can see, the advancement of new technologies entails advantages and disadvantages. The improper use of them can lead to significant health problems, but it is also true that there are great benefits if used correctly, in favor of scientific growth.

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IELTS Writing Task 2 Essay: Topics, Samples and Tips to Score Band 9!

Are you aiming for excellence in your IELTS Writing? Do you dream of achieving that elusive band 9 score? Look no further! In this blog, we will embark on a journey of transforming your essay writing skills from good to great. Scoring a band 9 in the IELTS Writing module requires not only a strong command of language but also a deep understanding of the assessment criteria and effective writing strategies.

Whether you're a beginner looking to improve or an experienced test-taker seeking that extra edge, this guide will provide you with valuable insights, practical tips, and real examples to help you unlock the secrets of achieving a band 9 in your IELTS essays. So, let's delve into the world of high-scoring IELTS Writing essays and discover how to take your writing prowess to new heights!

IELTS Writing test syllabus, exam pattern, and duration

Duration: 60 minutes

Writing – Academic

The Academic version of the Writing component consists of two tasks, each addressing topics of broad relevance and suitability for individuals entering undergraduate or postgraduate studies, or those seeking professional registration.


You will be presented with a graph, table, chart, or diagram and are asked to describe, summarise, or explain the information in your own words	You will be asked to write an essay in response to a point of view, argument, or problem
You may be asked to describe and explain data, explain the stages of a process, how something works, or describe an object or event	Responses to both tasks must be written in a formal style

Writing – General Training

The General Training version of the Writing component comprises two tasks that revolve around topics of general interest, designed to assess candidates' ability to communicate effectively in common real-life situations.


You will be presented with a situation and asked to write a letter requesting information or explaining the situation. The letter may be personal, semi-formal, or formal in style	You will be asked to write an essay in response to a point of view, argument, or problem. The essay can be slightly more personal in style than the Academic Writing Task 2 essay

IELTS Writing task 2 essay writing – Step-by-step guide for scoring a band 9

Here's a step-by-step guide to the IELTS Writing Task 2 :

Step 1: Understand the task requirements

Carefully read and comprehend the task prompt

Identify the type of essay you are required to write, such as opinion, discussion, or problem-solution

Take note of any specific instructions, word limits, or key points to address

Step 2: Plan and organise your ideas

Spend a few minutes brainstorming and generating ideas related to the task.

Create a clear and coherent outline that includes an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.

Organise your ideas logically and decide on the main points for each paragraph.

Step 3: Write an engaging introduction

Begin your essay with a captivating opening sentence that grabs the reader's attention

Provide some background information or context related to the topic

State your thesis or main argument clearly, which will guide the rest of your essay

Step 4: Develop coherent body paragraphs

Commence each body paragraph with a topic sentence that presents the primary concept

Support your ideas with relevant examples, facts, or evidence

Ensure smooth transitions between paragraphs to maintain coherence and flow

Step 5: Showcase language skills and vocabulary

Employ an extensive array of vocabulary and grammatical structures

Demonstrate your ability to express ideas accurately and precisely

Show awareness of cohesive devices, such as linking words and phrases

Step 6: Conclude effectively

Provide a concise summary of the key points addressed in the body paragraphs

Restate your thesis and provide a concise closing statement

Leave the reader with a lasting impression or a thought-provoking question

Step 7: Revise and edit

Allocate time to review your essay for any grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, or typos

Check the coherence and coherence of your ideas and arguments

Make necessary revisions to improve clarity, coherence, and overall quality

Step 8: Practice time management

Allocate the appropriate amount of time for each task (Task 1 and Task 2)

Practice writing essays within the given time limit to build speed and efficiency

Monitor your progress and adjust your writing speed accordingly

Step 9: Seek feedback and continuous improvement

Share your essays with a teacher, tutor, or native English speaker for feedback

Identify areas for improvement and focus on enhancing those skills

Regularly practice writing essays to refine your technique and boost your confidence

By following these step-by-step guidelines and consistently practicing, you can improve your IELTS Writing Task performance and work towards achieving your desired band score. Remember, practice and perseverance are key to success in the IELTS Writing module. Good luck!

IELTS Writing Task 2 sample essays to achieve a band score of 9

Here are a few IELTS essay samples for band 9 that demonstrate a high level of language proficiency and can help you understand how to score a band 9. Please note that these are samples for your reference and should not be copied/used as they are presented below:

IELTS Writing Task 2 essay topic: Advantages and disadvantages of technology in education

Introduction: In recent years, technology has revolutionised the education sector, providing both benefits and drawbacks. This essay will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of incorporating technology into education and argue that the benefits outweigh the drawbacks.

Body Paragraph 1 (Advantages): One major advantage of technology in education is enhanced learning opportunities. With the help of interactive multimedia tools, students can access a vast range of information and resources, allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of complex concepts. Additionally, technology promotes student engagement and active learning, as it enables personalised and interactive teaching methods.

Body Paragraph 2 (Disadvantages) : Despite the numerous advantages, there are some disadvantages to using technology in education. Firstly, excessive reliance on technology may lead to a decrease in face-to-face interaction and hinder the development of crucial social skills. Moreover, the availability of inaccurate or biased information on the internet can pose a challenge in ensuring the accuracy and reliability of sources used for academic purposes.

Body Paragraph 3 (Benefits outweigh drawbacks) : However, the benefits of technology in education far outweigh the drawbacks. By incorporating technology, educational institutions can bridge the gap between traditional teaching methods and the digital world, preparing students for future careers that heavily rely on technological literacy. Furthermore, technology can facilitate distance learning, reaching students who are geographically isolated or have limited access to educational resources.

Conclusion: In conclusion, technology has transformed education by offering enhanced learning opportunities and promoting student engagement. While there are some disadvantages associated with technology, the benefits of incorporating it into education outweigh the drawbacks. It is crucial for educators to strike a balance between traditional teaching methods and technology to maximize the potential of both.

IELTS Writing Task 2 essay topic: Effects of global warming on the environment

Introduction : Global warming, caused primarily by human activities, has become a pressing issue with far-reaching consequences for the environment. This essay will explore the effects of global warming on the environment and argue that urgent action is required to mitigate its detrimental impacts.

Body Paragraph 1 (Rise in temperatures) : One of the most significant effects of global warming is the rise in temperatures worldwide. This leads to the melting of polar ice caps and glaciers, resulting in sea-level rise and an increased frequency of extreme weather events such as hurricanes and heat waves. Moreover, higher temperatures disrupt ecosystems, endangering various plant and animal species.

Body Paragraph 2 (Loss of biodiversity) : Global warming poses a significant threat to biodiversity. As temperatures increase, many species struggle to adapt or migrate to more suitable habitats, leading to their decline or extinction. The loss of biodiversity has severe consequences for ecosystem stability, as each species plays a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance.

Body Paragraph 3 (Environmental degradation) : Another consequence of global warming is environmental degradation. Rising temperatures contribute to the acidification of oceans, damaging coral reefs and marine ecosystems. Additionally, increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere lead to oceanic dead zones, negatively impacting marine life. Deforestation, driven by the need for resources and land for agriculture, exacerbates global warming by reducing the Earth's capacity to absorb carbon dioxide.

In conclusion, global warming has profound effects on the environment, including rising temperatures, loss of biodiversity, and environmental degradation. Immediate and concerted efforts are necessary to address this issue, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions, promoting sustainable practices, and preserving natural habitats. Only through collective action can we mitigate the impacts of global warming and protect our planet for future generations.

These sample essays showcase the structure, vocabulary, and coherence necessary to achieve a band 9 score. Remember to practice writing within the time constraints of the IELTS test (40 minutes for the writing section).

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50 Expository Essay Topics for Your Next Assignment

Table of Contents

What exactly is an expository essay? The term expository stems from the word expose, meaning that this type of essay is meant to define, describe and take a deep delve into the subject matter. The essay can also take different forms. It can be an analysis or investigation of a particular issue, a cause-and-effect article, a comparison, problem and solution or a descriptive essay . If you have been assigned to write an expository essay, you have to invest your time in research so as to come up with great and convincing content. We have made your work easier by compiling a list of amazing expository essay topics to guide you. Comprehensive List of Expository Essay Topics

Teachers often assign students expository essay topics to test their ability to discuss those topics clearly and concisely and express opinions based on solid facts. The student is required to research the topic and write an essay to demonstrate their understanding of that subject. However, there are no particularly favourite topics for an expository essay since different topics inspire different individuals. We have crafted the best expository essay topics for you to begin your process of writing an excellent essay. The important thing to remember is that your expository paper should be based on facts rather than your thoughts and emotions.

Sample Expository Essay Topics for Middle School Students

To write a high-scoring paper, you must begin with an amazing topic. Here are some interesting expository essay topics suitable for a middle school student.

How did my first day at school go?
How growing up with my brother influenced my behaviour.
My favourite vacation place.
Why I love science.
My life as a dog owner.
Why I love my teacher.
Things my father taught me about friendship.
Why I like living in this city.
My best friend.
The true meaning of friendship.

Interesting Expository Essay Topics for High School Students

Your teacher may have asked you to come up with a list of topics for expository essay s to share with your classmates, or maybe you have been assigned the task of coming up with an expository topic but need help knowing where to start. Here are some good expository essay topics to help you meet your goals.

How to remain safe while surfing the internet?
What I found while exploring the rainforest.
My favorite plant and why I love it.
Why is it important to exercise?
The role of Rosa Parks in the civil rights movement.
The life cycle of a mango tree.
The interesting world of birds.
The history of Egypt.
The lifecycle of a bee and why they are important to fruit trees.
Understanding the solar system.

Expository Essay Topics for College Students

The best place to start your assignment is by finding good expository essay topics on which to base your essay. These are some top-notch expository essay topics for college students.

The advantages and disadvantages of the internet.
How do we protect the environment?
A list of items that bring people joy
How should financial issues be handled?
How do you show someone you admire them?
Which developments in communication have occurred throughout the past 20 years?
What are the advantages of social media?
Which book and why are you interested in reading?
How should bullying in schools be handled?
Is it beneficial to express your feelings?

Intriguing Expository Essay Topics for University Students

Being a university student is already difficult, and finding expository essay topics should not be another challenge. Here are some of the best expository essay topics for university students.

The significance of negotiations during military operations.
Justify the implementation of communism in various nations.
The use of art to address mental health issues.
Causes and consequences of the 1920s nationwide strike.
Talk about the main facets of John F. Kennedy’s political involvement.
Qualities of a good psychotherapist.
In what ways does an individual’s IQ score indicate their mental capacity?
Five reasons why racism is psychological.
Describe the risks associated with military operations in Eastern Asia.
Describe the evolution of social media.

Some Funny Expository Essay Topics

It is quite unusual to find funny topics for expository essay writing, but we have your back. We make it easy for you to concentrate on the research process on the subject matter by presenting you with a list of expository essay topics that will not only tickle your funny bone but also get your audience thinking deeper about the theme of the paper. Here are some hilarious topics for expository essay writing.

What makes kids lie?
What is wrong with the human race?
Are we insatiably greedy for money?
What is the relationship between loneliness and hunger?
What would life on the moon look like?
Do you believe in the concept of double standards?
Consequences of abstaining from elections.
How can you look after yourself?
Talk about how the human brain processes memories.
Do relationships suffer because of technology?

With such a wonderful list of expository essay topics , you should be in a position to craft an essay that will impress the teacher and your readers. You can start by choosing a subject from one of the topics for expository essay shared in this article to find out which direction your paper should take, then proceed with the topic that makes the most sense to you.

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A blockchain-driven smart broker for data quality assurance of the tagged periodic iot data in publisher-subscriber model.

1. Introduction

2. related works, 2.1. existing publisher-subscriber approach, 2.1.1. centralized architecture, 2.1.2. scalability and efficiency issues, 2.1.3. quality issue, 2.2. blockchain-based publisher subscribers, 2.3. trust vs. quality, 2.4. recommendation strategies, 3. proposed architecture overview, 3.1. request–response model.

Direct Request–Response : Like traditional PS models, the subscriber asks for data for a topic ( τ ), and the smart broker responds with the data. Along with the data, the broker also sends a quality score q τ [0, 1]. It is expected that the broker, if based on a blockchain, will provide reliable, unbiased, and quality information.
Substitution Request–Response : A special case arises in this model when the requested data are not present at the current time. As the broker is smart and based on blockchain, it can recommend some other topics to the subscriber that are similar to the topic originally requested. These substitution recommendations may also be given if the quality of the data for the q τ drops dramatically. It is then up to the subscriber to decide on a recommended topic. Once the subscriber chooses a substitute topic τ ′, further communication follows the direct request–response as before.

Click here to enlarge figure

3.2. Proposed System Architecture: Smart Broker

Calculating the quality of data for the publishers. This is typically performed for individual topics based on various parameters, such as relationship with other topics and timeliness.
Preparing a list of recommended topics based on the metadata of the topics in case a particular topic is not available.

3.3. Assumptions

Tagged Data : It is assumed that publishers create a limited number of alphanumeric tags accurately for each topic they publish. This framework relies on these tags to identify potential substitutes.
Periodic Data : The data streams are periodic, that is, they are expected to send data at regular intervals. Periodicity assists in identifying delays in publishing intervals by establishing the expected timing for publication data and identifying deviations from these intervals.
Manual data stream grouping : To establish quality, the proposed methods rely on sensor associations based on their own proximity and the proximity of the observed environment. It is assumed that this association is performed manually as part of the topic registration, and a group has a minimum of three topics. Under normal circumstances, the blockchain can keep track of and confirm this relationship continuously.
Fixed Location : The IoT devices are assumed to be in fixed positions. These positions may be geographic or referential, such as in a building or factory. In other words, they are non-mobile by nature. Any change in the location needs to be updated in the blockchain and the pairings.

4.1. Publisher-Topic Joining

4.1.1. overview.

Location Tag (l): The location of the sensors collecting data related to τ i is essential for SRAM to provide recommendations to subscribers. SRAM can recommend topics based on data from sensors that are closely related to each other.
Publishing interval Tag ( δ ) :The publishing interval of the data related to the τ i denotes the frequency or timing at which the data are published. The publishing interval is used by the TDM to calculate the publishing interval monitoring score, which will ultimately be used to calculate the topic’s reputation score in the smart broker.
Other generic tags, such as sensor type, key timestamps, keywords, and measurement units, provide additional information and descriptions about the topic. There is both an upper and lower limit to the number of tags for a topic. This is to ensure that the recommendation process has sufficient data and, at the same time, is not biased toward any topic. Tags must also be chosen from a preset list of tags.

4.1.2. Topic Registration Process

Upon receiving the publisher’s topic joining request, the smart broker first verifies the presence of essential tags in the topic.
Then, the manual data grouping of the topics takes place. It relies on the actual relationship that exists among the data streams. The correlation matrix (shown in Equation (3)) represents the actual relationship between the paired topics { τ i , τ j } . Each pair of correlated topics has a predefined expected correlation value ( v i j ) indicating the nature of their relationship within a range of −1 to 1, where 1 signifies a perfectly direct relationship, 0 denotes no relationship, and −1 represents a perfectly inverse relationship. These values are mapped to a range of 0 and 1 before storage in the database, where 1 indicates a perfect direct or indirect relationship, and 0 indicates no relationship. By default, v i j = 0 , indicating that there is no relation at all. Typically, the smart broker will ignore such values and only consider topic pairs where v i j ≠ 0 . This correlation matrix is used by the TDQAM to conduct quality checks on the topic data. C = τ 1 τ 2 … τ m τ 1 λ 1 , 1 W 12 , V 12 … W 1 m , V 1 m τ 2 W 21 , V 21 λ 2 , 1 … W 2 m , V 2 m ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ⋮ τ m W m 1 , V m 1 W m 2 , V m 2 … λ m , 1 (3) where W i j = W j i = w i j 0 , w i j 1 , w i j 2 … w i j k is the reputation time window set corresponding to the topics τ i and τ j . Each w i j k ∈ W i j has a corresponding v i j k , which is the expected correlation value in that window. As the time series is periodic, the set of windows W 21 will keep repeating infinitely. Additionally, λ is stored for the topic itself, which is another window for resetting drift scores. Typically, λ τ ≤ min i ϵ Γ ⁡ w i τ to ensure that the drift score is calculated quickly enough for reputation scoring.
Finally, upon successful registration, the smart broker assigns a unique identity to the publisher topic and stores the identity in the blockchain. Upon successful registration, the publisher can start sending IoT data related to the topic.

4.2. Topic Drift Monitoring

4.3. topic data quality assessment module.

Absolute reference is where the user creates a set of static reference values, and quality is a measurement of deviation from these reference points. This can take the form of self-assessment with its own historical reference value. However, many sensor data may have randomness, meaning matching with its own history or fixed reference may be difficult.
Relative reference is peer assessment at the current time. If the IoT systems generate a continuous stream of data, then we get a multivariate time series. This mechanism would aim to establish the deviation of one topic’s data compared to other topics. In this paper, we focus on peer assessment using unsupervised methods.
A mechanism that only considers some of the latest incoming data points, that is, upgrading the quality score whenever the latest window of data are available. In the case of supervised mechanisms, methods of determining time windows may be different from those used in the paper.
The quality score should be on the same scale. In this paper, we aim to calculate everything as a real number between 0 (worst quality) and 1 (best quality). The scoring should also be uniform across all the topics.
The most important factor is to ensure that each data stream is evaluated in isolation while being compared to others, that is, the quality score calculation for each data stream must be calculated to reflect its own quality only.

Normalized Group-Specific Quality Assessment

4.4. topic reputation scoring, 4.5. execution of the smart broker system, 4.5.1. the continuous execution.

th Topic

, .
, .
, .
Calculate , and .
Calculate Q = { using Equation (12).
Normalize Q, that is, for each
.

Reset if .
Send to subscribers.

4.5.2. Computational Complexity of the Proposed Smart Broker

4.6. subscriber request assessment module, 5. implementation and evaluation, 5.1. setup overview, 5.2. testing of smart broker components.

Distributed functionalities : The smart contracts all study fail-safe features. Due to their distributed nature, the functionalities will always be studied as long as there is at least one node. Multiple peer nodes are expected for a practical application, but for this paper, we tested the performance with one peer node.
PTJ: This smart contract performs a topic registration process, which involves verifying essential tags and topic pairing. It updates the correlation matrix accordingly. The contract also stores topic details, including tag information, along with the updated correlation matrix. It also communicates with TDM, TDQAM, and TRS about the newly registered topic and its details so that TDM, TDQAM, and TRS can initiate their assessment of the topic.
TDM: This smart contract retrieves publishing interval information for topics and continuously monitors the drifting score. It stores the drifting score after each interval, ensuring real-time tracking and analysis.
TDQAM: This smart contract conducts quality assessments on topic data. It retrieves topic pairing data streams, correlation information, and publishing interval details from the ledger. Using this data, the topic’s quality is calculated, and the real-time quality score is stored in the ledger.
TRS: The smart contract on the publisher side retrieves the topics’ assessment scores, quality scores, and drifting scores from the ledger. It then calculates the topic’s reputation score and stores it in the ledger.
SRAM : This smart contract handles subscriber requests, providing data along with its quality score to the subscriber. It also prepares recommendation topics, if required, by calculating the similarity score, retrieving correlation information, and calculating the reputation score. Then, it prepares the recommendation score for the topics and sends it to the subscriber.

5.2.1. Preparation of a Correlation Matrix

5.2.2. preparation of correlated topics for testing, 5.3. drift score testing and results, 5.4. quality testing with different levels of noise, 5.4.1. quality calculations with noise and fixed windows size, 5.4.2. understanding the impact of large windows size, 5.5. reputation scoring patterns, 5.6. recommendation testing, 5.7. performance evaluation of smart broker, 6. characteristics of the smart broker, 6.1. characteristics of the blockchain inherited by the smart broker, 6.1.1. advantage—trust management with automation and immutability, 6.1.2. advantage—registration of publisher topics, 6.1.3. disadvantage—scalability issues, 6.1.4. disadvantage—bad network condition, 6.2. other advantages of the smart broker, 6.2.1. topic level reputation management, 6.2.2. recommendation for subscribers, 6.2.3. real-time monitoring, 6.3. future works and limitations, 6.3.1. similarity detection in a smart broker, 6.3.2. non-linear relationships, 6.3.3. self-checks, 6.3.4. speed of detecting variations, 6.3.5. ability to detect problems, 6.3.6. performance inside the blockchain, 6.3.7. handling event-based publishing intervals, 6.4. real-world applications.

Traffic Monitoring Sensors, including traffic cameras, speed sensors, and vehicle counters. These publishers can provide topics such as traffic flow, vehicle speed, and vehicle count.
Environmental Sensors, including air quality monitors and weather stations, can provide information on topics such as the air quality index, temperature, humidity, and pollution levels.
Public Transit Systems, including buses, trains, and trams, can cover topics such as transit schedules, vehicle locations, and passenger counts.
Emergency Services, including police, fire departments, and ambulance services, can provide topics such as incident reports, response times, and emergency vehicle locations.
Infrastructure Sensors, including roadway sensors and bridge monitors, can offer topics like road conditions, structural integrity, and maintenance schedules.

7. Conclusions

Author contributions, institutional review board statement, informed consent statement, data availability statement, conflicts of interest.

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Kaggle. dwinn183287. TPS July 2021—EDA. 2021. Available online: https://www.kaggle.com/code/dwin183287/tps-july-2021-eda (accessed on 27 June 2024).

Symbols	Meaning
	A topic in the PS system
	Expected publishing interval
	A tag for the topic
	Drifting sore Performance indicator of the topic
	Reputation of the topic
	The quality of the sensor data related to the topic
s	Similarity score
t	Current time
	Expected relationship between the paired topics
	Association coefficient between the paired topics
	Time window for calculating quality for topics i and j
	Tolerance level of drift
λ	Time window for calculating drift for a single topic

Parameter Settings	Value
	15 s
Delayed intervals	[δ, 2δ] in increments of 0.2
	(0, 1]
	(0, 1]
Noise µ	1%, 2%, 5%, 10%, 12%, 16%, and 20% 2*δ

Correlation Thresholds for Topic (sensor_1, sensor_2, and sensor_5)
	0.81
	0.86
	0.86

Network Configurations	Values
Batch timeout	2 s
PreferredMaxBytes	500
Ledger Database	CouchDB
Block Size	10 transactions
Number of channels	1
Number of topics	1–5000

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Idrees, R.; Maiti, A. A Blockchain-Driven Smart Broker for Data Quality Assurance of the Tagged Periodic IoT Data in Publisher-Subscriber Model. Appl. Sci. 2024 , 14 , 5907. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135907

Idrees R, Maiti A. A Blockchain-Driven Smart Broker for Data Quality Assurance of the Tagged Periodic IoT Data in Publisher-Subscriber Model. Applied Sciences . 2024; 14(13):5907. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135907

Idrees, Rabbia, and Ananda Maiti. 2024. "A Blockchain-Driven Smart Broker for Data Quality Assurance of the Tagged Periodic IoT Data in Publisher-Subscriber Model" Applied Sciences 14, no. 13: 5907. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135907

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology in Communication

Advantages of Communication Technology

1. Speed and time

2. Instantaneous and Efficient

3. Allow Remote Communication

4. Elimination of Wires and Cables

5. Mass Communication

6. Reduced Costs and Time

7. Expansion of coverage areas

Disadvantages of Communication Technology

1. Deteriorating Language

2. Privacy Issue

3. Overruling cultures

4. Distraction from Real Life

5. Potential for Misunderstanding

6. Lose the Art of Conversation

Conclusion on Advantages and Disadvantages of Electronic Communication Technology

2 thoughts on “Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology in Communication”

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology in Communication

Innovation and Technology in Communication

Reliability and Speed of Communication

The Impact of Social Media Networking

Sharing Information with a Larger Audience

Information Overload

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