Defining a research problem is the fuel that drives the scientific process, and is the foundation of any research method and experimental design, from true experiment to case study.
It is one of the first statements made in any research paper and, as well as defining the research area, should include a quick synopsis of how the hypothesis was arrived at.
Operationalization is then used to give some indication of the exact definitions of the variables, and the type of scientific measurements used.
This will lead to the proposal of a viable hypothesis . As an aside, when scientists are putting forward proposals for research funds, the quality of their research problem often makes the difference between success and failure.
Look at any scientific paper, and you will see the research problem, written almost like a statement of intent.
Defining a research problem is crucial in defining the quality of the answers, and determines the exact research method used. A quantitative experimental design uses deductive reasoning to arrive at a testable hypothesis .
Qualitative research designs use inductive reasoning to propose a research statement.
Formulating the research problem begins during the first steps of the scientific process .
As an example, a literature review and a study of previous experiments, and research, might throw up some vague areas of interest.
Many scientific researchers look at an area where a previous researcher generated some interesting results, but never followed up. It could be an interesting area of research, which nobody else has fully explored.
A scientist may even review a successful experiment, disagree with the results , the tests used, or the methodology , and decide to refine the research process, retesting the hypothesis .
This is called the conceptual definition, and is an overall view of the problem. A science report will generally begin with an overview of the previous research and real-world observations. The researcher will then state how this led to defining a research problem.
The operational definition is the determining the scalar properties of the variables .
For example, temperature, weight and time are usually well known and defined, with only the exact scale used needing definition. If a researcher is measuring abstract concepts, such as intelligence, emotions, and subjective responses, then a system of measuring numerically needs to be established, allowing statistical analysis and replication.
For example, intelligence may be measured with IQ and human responses could be measured with a questionnaire from ‘1- strongly disagree’, to ‘5 - strongly agree’.
Behavioral biologists and social scientists might design an ordinal scale for measuring and rating behavior. These measurements are always subjective, but allow statistics and replication of the whole research method. This is all an essential part of defining a research problem.
An anthropologist might find references to a relatively unknown tribe in Papua New Guinea. Through inductive reasoning , she arrives at the research problem and asks,
‘How do these people live and how does their culture relate to nearby tribes?’
She has found a gap in knowledge, and she seeks to fill it, using a qualitative case study , without a hypothesis.
The Bandura Bobo Doll Experiment is a good example of using deductive reasoning to arrive at a research problem and hypothesis.
Anecdotal evidence showed that violent behavior amongst children was increasing. Bandura believed that higher levels of violent adult role models on television, was a contributor to this rise. This was expanded into a hypothesis , and operationalization of the variables, and scientific measurement scale , led to a robust experimental design.
Martyn Shuttleworth (Oct 2, 2008). Defining a Research Problem. Retrieved Aug 13, 2024 from Explorable.com: https://explorable.com/defining-a-research-problem
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A research problem sets the course of investigation in any research process . It can probe practical issues with the aim of suggesting modifications, or scrutinize theoretical quandaries to augment the current understanding in a discipline.
In this article, we delve into the crucial role of a research problem in the research process, as well as offer guidance on how to properly articulate it to steer your research endeavors.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
A research problem is a specific challenge or knowledge gap that sets the foundation for research. It is the primary statement about a topic in a field of study, and the findings from a research undertaking provide solutions to the research problem.
The research problem is the defining statement that informs the sources and methodologies to be applied to find and recommend proposals for the area of contention.
Research should adopt a precise approach for analysis to be relevant and applicable in a real-world context. Researchers can pick any area of study, and in most cases, the topic in question will have a broad scope; a well-formulated problem forms the basis of a strong research paper which illustrates a clear focus.
Writing a research problem is the first step in planning for a research paper, and a well-structured problem prevents a runaway project that lacks a clear direction.
Your primary goal should be to find gaps and meaningful ways your research project offers a solution to a problem or broadens the knowledge bank in the field.
A good approach is to read and hold discussions about the topic , identify areas with insufficient information, highlight areas of contention and form more in-depth conclusions in under-researched areas.
You can carry out workplace research using a practical approach . This aims to identify a problem by analyzing reports, engaging with people in the organization or field of interest, and examining previous research. Some pointers include:
In theoretical research , researchers aim to offer new insights which contribute to the larger knowledge body in the field rather than proposing change. You can formulate a problem by studying recent studies, debates, and theories to identify gaps. Identifying a research problem in theoretical research may examine the following:
Theoretical problems don’t focus on solving a practical problem but have practical implications in their field. Many theoretical frameworks offer a guide to other practical and applied research scenarios.
After identifying a general problem area, you need to zero in on the specific aspect you want to analyze further in the context of your research.
The problem can be narrowed down using the following criteria to create a relevant problem whose solutions adequately answer the research questions . Some questions you can ask to understand the contextual framework of the research problem include:
These may be distinguished by age, location, race, religion, and other metrics that apply to the topic. | |
Is it an ongoing concern, or is it a new problem? | |
Has any research been done on the matter? How do existing views concur or differ with your initial presumptions? | |
Which recommendations have been made by other scholars and researchers? | |
Do they offer any useful questions, and what gaps can you identify? |
Evaluating the significance of a research problem is a necessary step for identifying issues that contribute to the solution of an issue. There are several ways of determining the significance of a research problem. The following questions can help you to evaluate the significance and relevance of a proposed research problem:
A fashion retail chain is attempting to increase the number of visitors to its stores, but the management is unaware of the measures to achieve this.
To improve its sales and compete with other chains, the chain requires research into ways of increasing traffic in its stores.
By narrowing down the research problem, you can create the problem statement , hypothesis , and relevant research questions .
There has been an upward trend in the immigration of professionals from other countries to the UK. Research is needed to determine the likely causes and effects.
Begin by examining available sources and previous research on your topic of interest. You can narrow down the scope from the literature or observable phenomenon and focus on under-researched areas.
Investigate the specific aspects you would like to investigate. Furthermore, you can determine the consequences of the problem remaining unresolved and the biggest beneficiaries if a solution is found.
Context refers to the nature of the problem. It entails studying existing work on the issue, who is affected by it, and the proposed solutions.
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One of the most fundamental components of a study is the research problem. In fact, the research problem drives the entire study; if you do not have a research problem, you do not have a study. Yet, beginning researchers sometimes do not understand the importance of the research problem or understand exactly what a research problem is. This blog is intended to shed light on the nature and purpose of the research problem.
A research problem is exactly what it sounds like: a problem or issue in or with the research. Although the research problem stems from a social or organizational issue, the actual research problem itself is developed by looking into the literature. I cannot emphasize this point enough: the research problem is developed by diving into the research on the topic to see what is there and what research is needed. It does not come from what we think is important, from our opinion about what needs to be studied, or from our desire to study something. The research problem exists in and is developed from the literature.
Aligning theoretical framework, gathering articles, synthesizing gaps, articulating a clear methodology and data plan, and writing about the theoretical and practical implications of your research are part of our comprehensive dissertation editing services.
For example, let’s say there is a problem with special education teachers leaving the profession. The first thing to do is to go to the research to see what is already known about the topic. So, the research says they are leaving because they are not satisfied in their jobs, jobs demands are high, and pay is commensurately low. They also leave because they do not feel adequately prepared and feel they are not supported by administration. So now, where do we go from here? You can review the “Recommendations for Further Research” sections of recent studies. These are recommendations for future research suggested by researchers based on their findings. These recommendations may be developed into research problems.
To develop a research problem, you should delve into the issue further. Look at how we know what we know about teachers leaving special education. Maybe the research is primarily quantitative, necessitating qualitative inquiry to gain in-depth information on teachers’ perceptions and experiences. Or, maybe it is the reverse. Maybe we have lots of information on teachers’ experiences but little quantitative research confirming the relationships between factors and constructs. Or, maybe we do not have comprehensive information about the topic, necessitating the views of other stakeholders such as administrators, or more comprehensive study designs such as case studies with multiple data sources. These shortcomings in the research represent gaps in what we know or problems with the research that, if addressed, can enhance understanding of the topic and uniquely contribute to the research.
I sometimes hear beginning researchers say, “I want to study” or “I think it’s important to study” such-and-such. These are good places to start, but they do not represent legitimate research problems. From these starting points, go to the literature. See what is there. See what the shortcomings, weaknesses, and gaps are in the research on your topic. See what the issues or problems are in the research and how you can uniquely contribute to it. Then, you will be on your way to developing a true research problem to support a study.
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Published on 8 November 2022 by Shona McCombes and Tegan George.
A research problem is a specific issue or gap in existing knowledge that you aim to address in your research. You may choose to look for practical problems aimed at contributing to change, or theoretical problems aimed at expanding knowledge.
Some research will do both of these things, but usually the research problem focuses on one or the other. The type of research problem you choose depends on your broad topic of interest and the type of research you think will fit best.
This article helps you identify and refine a research problem. When writing your research proposal or introduction , formulate it as a problem statement and/or research questions .
Why is the research problem important, step 1: identify a broad problem area, step 2: learn more about the problem, frequently asked questions about research problems.
Having an interesting topic isn’t a strong enough basis for academic research. Without a well-defined research problem, you are likely to end up with an unfocused and unmanageable project.
You might end up repeating what other people have already said, trying to say too much, or doing research without a clear purpose and justification. You need a clear problem in order to do research that contributes new and relevant insights.
Whether you’re planning your thesis , starting a research paper , or writing a research proposal , the research problem is the first step towards knowing exactly what you’ll do and why.
As you read about your topic, look for under-explored aspects or areas of concern, conflict, or controversy. Your goal is to find a gap that your research project can fill.
If you are doing practical research, you can identify a problem by reading reports, following up on previous research, or talking to people who work in the relevant field or organisation. You might look for:
Voter turnout in New England has been decreasing, in contrast to the rest of the country.
The HR department of a local chain of restaurants has a high staff turnover rate.
A non-profit organisation faces a funding gap that means some of its programs will have to be cut.
If you are doing theoretical research, you can identify a research problem by reading existing research, theory, and debates on your topic to find a gap in what is currently known about it. You might look for:
The effects of long-term Vitamin D deficiency on cardiovascular health are not well understood.
The relationship between gender, race, and income inequality has yet to be closely studied in the context of the millennial gig economy.
Historians of Scottish nationalism disagree about the role of the British Empire in the development of Scotland’s national identity.
Next, you have to find out what is already known about the problem, and pinpoint the exact aspect that your research will address.
A local non-profit organisation focused on alleviating food insecurity has always fundraised from its existing support base. It lacks understanding of how best to target potential new donors. To be able to continue its work, the organisation requires research into more effective fundraising strategies.
Once you have narrowed down your research problem, the next step is to formulate a problem statement , as well as your research questions or hypotheses .
Once you’ve decided on your research objectives , you need to explain them in your paper, at the end of your problem statement.
Keep your research objectives clear and concise, and use appropriate verbs to accurately convey the work that you will carry out for each one.
I will compare …
The way you present your research problem in your introduction varies depending on the nature of your research paper . A research paper that presents a sustained argument will usually encapsulate this argument in a thesis statement .
A research paper designed to present the results of empirical research tends to present a research question that it seeks to answer. It may also include a hypothesis – a prediction that will be confirmed or disproved by your research.
Research objectives describe what you intend your research project to accomplish.
They summarise the approach and purpose of the project and help to focus your research.
Your objectives should appear in the introduction of your research paper , at the end of your problem statement .
If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the ‘Cite this Scribbr article’ button to automatically add the citation to our free Reference Generator.
McCombes, S. & George, T. (2022, November 08). How to Define a Research Problem | Ideas & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved 12 August 2024, from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/the-research-process/define-research-problem/
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A research problem is defined as a specific issue, question or gap in knowledge in a particular field that a researcher aims to explore and address through systematic investigation or research. It serves as a foundation in the research process, providing a clear focus and purpose for the study. A well-defined research problem is characterized by its precision and significance within a particular field of study.[ 1]
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The research problem outlines the purpose of the study and establishes why the research is essential. It also helps in setting the scope and boundaries of the research, defining what will be included and excluded. Clarity is paramount in formulating a research problem, ensuring that both the researcher and others can understand its focus and objectives. (2)
For the identification of a research problem it is important to understand the essential elements of a research problem. These include, among others, research context, variables and problem statements. [3][4][5]
The research context is like the background of a painting—it sets the scene for the identified research problem and offers different ways of identifying a research problem . It involves exploring the broader environment in which the problem exists, including its historical background, relevant trends, and the parties affected. This understanding is crucial as it gives researchers insights into the conditions that have led to or continue the problem.
When designing the research context, start by providing clear and concise background information to establish the foundation of your study. Justify the relevance and importance of the problem within the field, highlighting why it merits attention and investigation. Tailor the context to align with your specific research objectives and demonstrate how the problem fits into the broader scholarly landscape.
Variables are like the building blocks of a research problem—they’re the things researchers’ study. When undertaking research on, say, educational outcomes, variables could be things like teaching methods, student engagement, and socioeconomic background. It’s crucial to clearly identify and define these variables to make sure the research is precise. Additionally, researchers need to show how these variables – crucial for the identification of a research problem – are connected, acknowledging how they influence each other.
Start by clearly defining each variable so that everyone understands them the same way. Identify the measurable and changeable parts crucial to your study, considering the key factors that affect the research problem. Show how these variables are connected to fully grasp the complexity of the issue. Pay attention to any additional factors that might affect your study.
The problem statement, essential to identify a research problem , is like the heart of the research—it sums up the main issue the study aims to tackle. It’s a short and clear statement that guides the entire research. Crafting a good problem statement means being specific and clear, avoiding unnecessary complications. It should clearly state the purpose and significance of the research problem in the chosen field.
A well-crafted problem statement helps to form research questions, hypotheses, and the overall design. It’s the focal point that ensures both researchers and readers understand the main issue and purpose of the investigation.
Start on the problem statement by clearly expressing the main issue your research wants to solve. Keep your language simple and easy to understand. Clearly explain why the research problem is important in your field, thinking of your problem statement as a guide for your whole study. It should pave the way for your research questions, hypotheses, and research plan.
Begin by exploring a broad problem area, looking for gaps in practical or theoretical aspects that your research can address. After identifying the broad problem, delve into its context, existing research, and potential solutions. Narrow down the research problem by defining study boundaries, considering scope and limitations. Be mindful of what to include and exclude, addressing constraints for a feasible study.
Next, formulate the research problem by creating a concise problem statement, research questions, or hypotheses. Ensure clarity and specificity, articulating the purpose and significance within the chosen field. This formulation process establishes the research problem as a guiding framework for the entire study, providing direction and purpose to the research endeavor.
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A research problem is at the heart of scientific inquiry. It guides the trajectory of an investigation, helping to define the research scope and identify the key questions that need to be answered. Read this detailed article to know more about what is a research problem, types, key characteristics, and how to define a research problem, with ...
A research problem is a specific issue or gap in existing knowledge that you aim to address in your research. You may choose to look for practical problems aimed at contributing to change, or theoretical problems aimed at expanding knowledge. Some research will do both of these things, but usually the research problem focuses on one or the other.
Research Problem Definition: Research problem is a specific and well-defined issue or question that a researcher seeks to investigate through research. It is the starting point of any research project, as it sets the direction, scope, and purpose of the study.
A research problem serves as the cornerstone of any research endeavor, representing a specific issue, contradiction, or knowledge gap that researchers aim to explore.
Research Problem - Definition, Steps & Tips Published by Jamie Walker at August 12th, 2021 , Revised On October 3, 2023 Once you have chosen a research topic, the next stage is to explain the research problem: the detailed issue, ambiguity of the research, gap analysis, or gaps in knowledge and findings that you will discuss.
Learn what the research problem and problem statement are and how to write them. Plain-language explanation with clear, practical examples.
Definition A research problem is a definite or clear expression [statement] about an area of concern, a condition to be improved upon, a difficulty to be eliminated, or a troubling question that exists in scholarly literature, in theory, or within existing practice that points to a need for meaningful understanding and deliberate investigation.
Learn what a research problem is, why these problems are important, its different types and characteristics and how to define one for an effective study.
Learn how to write a problem statement for your research project. A problem statement explains the issue you want to address and why it matters. Find out the key components and examples of a problem statement.
A research problem statement is a brief and precise description of the problem that a researcher wishes to investigate. It defines the research's focus and serves as a framework for developing research questions or hypotheses. Typically, the problem statement begins with a broad topic or research area and then narrows down to a specific ...
A research problem outlines the precise field of inquiry and knowledge gaps that the research attempts to address, defining the scope and objective of a study. Photo by Scott Graham on Unsplash. Learn the procedure involved in defining research problems, highlighting important considerations and steps researchers should take.
A research problem, also called a research issue, is a statement about an area or field of concern that professionals aim to understand and address. The aim of the research may be to clarify a contradiction or fill a knowledge gap. Researchers may decide to conduct research to solve a problem, contribute to social or scientific change, or add ...
Formulating a research problem is usually done under the first step of research process, i.e., defining the research problem. Identification, clarification and formulation of a research problem is done using different steps as: Discover the Management Dilemma. Define the Management Question. Define the Research Question.
Defining a research problem is the fuel that drives the scientific process, and is the foundation of any research method and experimental design, from true experiment to case study. It is one of the first statements made in any research paper and, as well as defining the research area, should include a quick synopsis of how the hypothesis was ...
The process of coming up with a definition of a research problem (also called statement of the research problem) involves or ganizing and stating your thoughts after identifying the above gaps ...
A research problem is a specific challenge or knowledge gap that sets the foundation for research. It is the primary statement about a topic in a field of study, and the findings from a research undertaking provide solutions to the research problem.
Discover a definition of a research problem, review the types of research problems and explore a step-by-step guide on how to define research problems.
A research problem is exactly what it sounds like: a problem or issue in or with the research. Although the research problem stems from a social or organizational issue, the actual research problem itself is developed by looking into the literature. I cannot emphasize this point enough: the research problem is developed by diving into the ...
So, the problem identification and formulation is very crucial for the researcher before conducting a research, and this is perhaps one of the most difficult aspects of any research undertaking.
A research problem is a specific issue or gap in existing knowledge that you aim to address in your research. You may choose to look for practical problems aimed at contributing to change, or theoretical problems aimed at expanding knowledge. Some research will do both of these things, but usually the research problem focuses on one or the other.
A research problem is defined as a specific issue, question or gap in knowledge in a particular field that a researcher aims to explore and address through systematic investigation or research. It serves as a foundation in the research process, providing a clear focus and purpose for the study. A well-defined research problem is characterized ...
Definition A research problem is a statement about an area of concern, a condition to be improved, a difficulty to be eliminated, or a troubling question that exists in scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice that points to the need for meaningful understanding and deliberate investigation.
Research is defined as a meticulous and systematic inquiry process designed to explore and unravel specific subjects or issues with precision. Learn more about types of research, processes, and methods with best practices.