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Literaturreview als Methode (narrativ, kritisch, etc.)

Literaturreview als Methode

Du möchtest ein Literaturreview als Methode für deine wissenschaftliche Arbeit einsetzen? Dann bist du hier genau richtig.

In diesem Artikel geht es nicht darum, wie du einen Literaturteil aka aktuellen Forschungsstand aka Literature Review für eine empirische Arbeit schreibst.

Hier geht es um alleinstehende Literaturreviews, die sich als wissenschaftliche Arbeit ausschließlich mit der Literatur eines speziellen Forschungsfelds auseinandersetzen.

In diesem Artikel lernst du folgende 3 Dinge:

  • Alle Typen von Literaturreviews und wie sie sich unterscheiden
  • Wie du den richtigen Typ für dein Forschungsziel identifizierst

Wie du die perfekte Anleitung für ein Literaturreview in deinem Fachbereich findest

Also mach es dir im Ohrensessel deines Lesezimmers oder dem Klappstuhl deiner Uni-Bib bequem und genieße die Show!

Inhaltsverzeichnis

  • 1 Warum Literaturreviews als Methode wichtig sind
  • 2 Taxonomie der Literaturreviews nach Cooper (1988)
  • 3.1.1 Narratives Review
  • 3.1.2 Deskriptives Review
  • 3.1.3 Scoping Review
  • 3.2.1 Meta-Analyse
  • 3.2.2 Qualitatives Systematisches Review
  • 3.2.3 Umbrella Review
  • 3.3.1 Theoretisches Review
  • 3.3.2 Realist Review
  • 3.4.1 Kritisches Review
  • 4.1 Auswahl eingrenzen
  • 4.2 Entscheidung treffen

Warum Literaturreviews als Methode wichtig sind

Eine wissenschaftliche Disziplin ist nur dann „wissenschaftlich“, wenn sie aktiv einen eigenen Wissensschatz aufbaut und pflegt. Eine Disziplin muss sich außerdem von anderen abgrenzen und immer wieder definieren, welche Art von Forschung sie beherbergen sollte oder nicht.

Dazu dienen Fachzeitschriften und Editoren, die bestimmte Themen pushen, Geldgeber, die bestimmte Forschungsprojekte fördern und Universitäten, die Lehrprogramme anbieten.

Ein etwas kleinerer, aber ebenso wichtiger Beitrag zur Pflege des Wissensschatzes in einer wissenschaftlichen Disziplin ist die Durchführung von Literaturreviews. Diese tragen nicht nur bestehendes Wissen zusammen, sondern erweitern dieses, indem sie durch Analyse der Literatur einen Mehrwert schaffen, der größer ist als die Summe der zugrunde liegenden Einzelteile.

Ein Literaturreview kann nach (Paré, 2015) beispielsweise

  • die Breite der Forschung zu einem Thema helfen zu verstehen
  • die empirischen Befunde zu einem Thema zusammenzufassen
  • neue Theorie entwickeln
  • einen konzeptionellen Hintergrund für zukünftige Forschung liefern
  • Themen oder Forschungsbereiche identifizieren, die weitere Untersuchungen erfordern

Taxonomie der Literaturreviews nach Cooper (1988)

Über die Zeit haben sich verschieden Typen von Literaturreviews entwickelt. Diese sind weitgehend akzeptiert und helfen dir, als potenziellem Autor oder potenzieller Autorin eines Reviews, bei der Erstellung.

Bevor wir uns die Typen im Einzelnen ansehen, möchte ich die Taxonomy von Literaturreviews nach Cooper (1988) nicht unerwähnt lassen.

Professor Cooper identifizierte 6 Charakteristiken von Literaturreviews, und zwar:

Fokussiert sich das Review auf empirische Ergebnisse, Methoden, Theorien oder Anwendungsfelder?

Möchte das Review Wissen zusammenführen, kritisieren oder zentrale Forschungsprobleme identifizieren?

(3) Perspektive

Vertritt das Review eine neutrale oder subjektive Position?

(4) Abdeckung

Behandelt das Review möglichst alle vorhandenen Arbeiten zu einem Thema oder nur einzeln ausgewählte zentrale Werke? Nach welchen Kriterien werden diese ausgewählt?

(5) Organisation

Wird die Literatur historisch, konzeptionell oder methodologisch aufbereitet?

(6) Publikum

Richtet sich das Review an ein spezielles akademisches Publikum, Praktiker:innen oder die Allgemeinheit?

Literaturreview als Methode

9 Typen von Literaturreviews

Auf Basis dieser Charakteristiken ergeben sich nun konkrete Arten von Literaturreviews. Hierfür beziehe ich mich nun wieder auf Paré (2015). Cooper’s Taxonomie ist noch immer relevant, aber die Literatur-Typen haben sich über die letzten Jahrzehnte noch ein wenig klarer herauskristallisiert.

Kategorie 1: Zusammenfassung von bestehendem Wissen

Narratives review.

Ein narratives Review fasst zusammen, was zu einem Thema bereits geschrieben wurde. Dabei wird meistens kein größerer theoretischer Mehrwert generiert, sondern es bleibt bei der Beschreibung. Die Auswahl der Quellen folgt keinem systematischen Vorgehen und muss auch nicht alle Publikationen zu einem Thema berücksichtigen. Die Quellen sind subjektiv durch die Autoren ausgewählt. All diese Punkte führen dazu, das narrative Reviews oft kritisiert werden.

Deskriptives Review

Beschreibende Reviews gehen da schon eher systematisch vor. Die identifizierten Quellen stellen dann eine Art Datensatz da, der auf einen ganz bestimmten Aspekt hin untersucht wird. Beispielsweise werden alle Quellen darauf untersucht, welche empirische Methode untersucht wurde. Dann würde man eine deskriptive Statistik darüber erstellen, welche Methoden in einem bestimmten Feld am häufigsten verwendet wurden. Hier kann man alles mögliche analysieren, z.B. die Veröffentlichungsjahre von Publikationen in einem Bereich, die Zitationsnetzwerke und noch vieles mehr.

Scoping Review

Das Scoping Review widmet sich einem bestimmten Forschungsthema und überprüft, in welchem Ausmaß zu diesem Thema in einer oder mehreren Disziplinen dazu veröffentlicht wurde. Hier muss darauf geachtet werden, dass die Auswahl der Quellen möglichst komplett ist und keine Studien übersehen werden. Berichtet werden dann die Anzahl an Publikationen über die Zeit hinweg und wie sich die Forschung zu einem Thema entwickelt hat. Die konkreten Inhalte der Studien spielen dabei eine kleinere Rolle.

Kategorie 2: Sammeln oder Zusammenführen empirischer Daten

Meta-analyse.

Die Meta-Analyse nimmt sich existierende Forschungsarbeiten vor und fasst deren statistische Ergebnisse zusammen. Die Stichprobe bildet dann eine Sammlung der relevanten Studien, die gelesen und ausgewertet werden müssen. Für eine Meta-Analyse kommen nur Studien mit quantitativen Ergebnissen infrage. Die gewonnenen Daten werden dann mit Hilfe statistischer Verfahren analysiert, um z.B. gleiche Muster innerhalb der vielen Einzelergebnisse zu finden und zu beschreiben. Ein komplettes Tutorial zur Meta-Analyse findest du ebenfalls auf meinem Kanal.

Literaturreview als Methode

Qualitatives Systematisches Review

Beim qualitativen systematische Review solltest du dich nicht vom Namen in die Irre führen lassen. Auch hier werden ausschließlich quantitative Studien untersucht. Doch nicht wie bei der Meta-Analyse durch weitere statistische Tests, sondern eher erzählerisch. Dabei dienen vier Fragen als Leitlinie:

  • (1) In welche Richtung ist ein Effekt zu beobachten?
  • (2) Wie groß ist der Effekt?
  • (3) Ist der Effekt über die untersuchten Studien hinweg konsistent?
  • (4) Wie stark ist die Beweislage für diesen Effekt?

Umbrella Review

Achtung, jetzt wird es meta – Hinter diesem Begriff verbirgt sich ein Review von Reviews. In Disziplinen wie der Medizin werden bereits so viele systematische Reviews veröffentlicht, dass es sich lohnt, diese ebenfalls zusammenzufassen. Statt Umbrella Review wird auch manchmal der Begriff Meta-Review verwendet.

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narrative literature review deutsch

Kategorie 3: Erklärungen bilden

Theoretisches review.

Das theoretische Review umfasst Studien, die sowohl quantitativ als auch qualitativ sein können. Hier ist es das Ziel, ein theoretisches Framework oder Modell zu bilden. So wird ein theoretischer Mehrwert geschaffen, indem Muster, Beziehungen oder konzeptuelle Unstimmigkeiten aufgedeckt werden. Das nennt man im Englischen auch „Synthesis“. Je größer der theoretische Mehrwert, den das Review generiert, desto besser.

Realist Review

Diese Art von Review ist eher etwas für Fortgeschrittene. Um diesen Typ zu verstehen, müssen wir uns auf die wissenschaftstheoretische Ebene begeben.

Reviews wie eine Meta-Analyse oder das qualitative systematische Review sind in Disziplinen wie der Medizin total sinnvoll. Hier gibt es wenig Uneinigkeiten über ontologische oder epistemologische Fragestellungen. In sozialwissenschaftlichen Disziplinen ist das anders.

Hier lässt sich gut argumentieren, dass es wenig Sinn ergibt systematische Reviews zu quantitativen Studienergebnissen zu machen, da so der sozial konstruierte Kontext ignoriert wird.

So ist die Art des Realist Reviews entstanden, welche nach dem Vorbild des Critical Realism untersucht, unter welchen Bedingungen und in welchen Kontexten bestimmte Ergebnisse gültig sind und wann eben nicht. Wenn du tiefer in diese Thematik einsteigen möchtest, schau gerne mal bei meinem Tutorial zu Ontologie, Epistemologie und Methodologie v orbei.

Kategorie 4: Kritische Auseinandersetzung

Kritisches review.

Review Typ Nummer 9 ist schnell erklärt. Die Auswahl der Quellen ist nicht systematisch und erhebt keinen Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit. Es geht darum Schwächen, Widersprüche, Kontroversen oder Inkonsistenzen innerhalb eines Forschungsfeld aufzudecken.

Ein kritisches Review ist ebenfalls eher für Fortgeschrittene geeignet.

narrative literature review deutsch

In meiner Zeit als Doktorand habe ich mich bereits an ein Scoping Review und ein theoretisches Review herangewagt und das hat auch prima funktioniert. Die letzten beiden Reviewarten hebe ich mir noch ein bisschen für später auf.

An deiner Stelle würde ich bei der Planung des Reviews mit dem Forschungsziel starten. Schaue dir dazu die Taxonomie von Cooper an und entscheide, welche Charakteristiken dein Review haben sollte.

Auswahl eingrenzen

Dann grenzt du die Auswahl der 9 Reviewtypen so stark es geht ein. Wenn du direkt weißt, welcher Typ passt – prima. Wenn du zwischen zwei Typen schwankst, auch ok.

Gehe nun auf eine führende Datenbank deiner Disziplin und Google Scholar und recherchiere existierende Reviews dieser Typen aus deinem Fachbereich. Gib also z.B. „theoretical review education“ oder „scoping review education“ ein.

Sollten hier zu wenig Ergebnisse bei rumkommen, probiere es nur mit dem Begriff review und deinem thematischen Schlüsselwort. An diesem Punkt kannst du selbst bewerten, welchen Typ Review du vor dir liegen hast.

Entscheidung treffen

Nachdem du einige Beispiele studiert hast, entscheidest du dich für den Typ, der er es sein soll. Jetzt recherchierst du nach einem Methoden-Paper zu genau diesem Reviewtypen, in genau deiner Disziplin.

Also im Idealfall findest du ein Methoden-Paper zu theoretischen Reviews in der Pädagogik. Wenn es das nicht gibt, dann weichst du eben aus und suchst ein Methoden-Paper zu theoretischen Reviews aus der Psychologie. Und so weiter.

So findest du irgendwann deine persönliche Anleitung, welche die Eigenheiten deiner Disziplin berücksichtigt und dir einen Schritt-für-Schritt Leitfaden gibt. Dieses Paper zitierst du dann selbstverständlich in deinem Methodenteil. Es ist natürlich nicht verboten Methoden-Paper aus fremden Disziplinen als Anleitung zu verwenden und zu zitieren – aber je verwandter sie mit deinem Bereich sind, desto besser.

Wenn du auf dem Weg zu mehr Erfolg im Studium noch ein wenig Starthilfe für deine wissenschaftliche Arbeit benötigst, dann habe noch ein PDF   für dich, das du dir gratis herunterladen kannst:

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Wie führt man einen Literatur-Review durch?

Veröffentlicht am 9. November 2015 von Annelien Krul . Aktualisiert am 15. August 2023.

Wenn du eine Abschlussarbeit schreibst, ist es unbedingt nötig, dass du einen Literatur-Review durchführst. Aber was genau bedeutet das? Wie strukturierst du in erster Linie diesen Review und wie integrierst du anschließend die Informationen, die du findest, in deine Arbeit?

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Inhaltsverzeichnis

Was ist ein literatur-review, literatur-wegweiser, wie verweist du auf deine quellen, standardsätze die sie verwenden können, häufig gestellte fragen.

Bei einem Literatur-Review handelt es sich um eine Methode, die angewandt wird, um Wissen, das bereits in Bezug auf ein bestimmtes Thema oder Problem besteht, zu sammeln. Diese Informationen können in verschiedenen Quellen, wie Zeitschriftenartikel, Bücher, Papers, Abschlussarbeiten und Archivmaterial, gefunden werden.

Durch die Durchführung eines Literatur-Reviews kannst du dir einen Einblick in bereits bestehende Kenntnisse und Theorien in Bezug auf dein Thema verschaffen. Dies stellt außerdem sicher, dass deine Abschlussarbeit über eine starke wissenschaftliche Fundierung verfügt.

Wenn er richtig durchgeführt wird, entsteht aus einem Literatur-Review nicht nur eine einfache Liste oder Zusammenfassung der verfügbaren Daten. Dein Ziel ist es stattdessen, die relevantesten Ideen und Informationen, die du herausgefunden hast, im Rahmen deines theoretischen Rahmens kritisch zu diskutieren.

Was ist der Unterschied zwischen einem Literatur-Review und einem systematic Review?

Ein systematic Review ist systematischer und formaler als ein Litertur-Review.

Bei einem Literatur-Review werden existierende Arbeiten qualitativ zusammenfasst und evaluiert, ohne dass eine formale, explizite Methode verwendet wird.

Was ist der Unterschied zwischen einem Literatur-Review und einem theoretischen Rahmen?

Der Literatur-Review dient als echter Grundstein für die Analyse des Problems, das du untersuchst. Abhängig vom Aufbau deiner Abschlussarbeit kann er auch als Grundlage verwendet werden, um einen umfassenden theoretischen Rahmen zu entwickeln.

Beispiel theoretische Rahmen

Vorbereitende Erforschung des Problems

Sobald du einen allgemeinen Überblick über das Problem und die Forschungsfragen, die du in deiner Abschlussarbeit ansprechen möchtest, hast, ist der erste Schritt oft, mit einem Literatur-Review zu beginnen. Dies ist eine wertvolle Möglichkeit, um dich selbst innerhalb des Forschungsfeldes besser zu orientieren und dich auf das Problem, das du untersuchen willst, genauer auszurichten.

Diese Einblicke in die bestehenden Kenntnisse und Theorien, die du durch den Literatur-Review gewinnst, werden dir auch dabei helfen, einen starken wissenschaftlichen Ausgangspunkt für den Rest deiner Forschung zu schaffen.

Nachdem du eine klare Problemstellung und Forschungsfrage(n) bestimmt hast, ist der nächste Schritt, dass du dich eingehender in dein Thema und die einschlägige Literatur vertiefst.

Dies kann eine echte Herausforderung sein, angesichts der Menge der verfügbaren Literatur und der begrenzten Zeit, die dir unter Umständen für das Schreiben deiner Abschlussarbeit zur Verfügung steht. Deshalb ist es wichtig, dass du an diesen Prozess so effizient und systematisch wie möglich herangehst.

Kostenlos auf Plagiate prüfen.

Hältst du dich an diesen Vier-Stufen-Wegweiser, wird dir das dabei helfen, deinen Literatur-Review effektiv durchzuführen.

  • Vorbereitung
  • Literatur sammeln
  • Literatur bewerten und auswählen
  • Literatur verarbeiten

1. Vorbereitung

Der erste Schritt umfasst, dass du dich selbst auf dein Thema ausrichtest, damit du ein umfassenderes Bild des Untersuchungsgebietes erlangst. Dazu gehört auch die Erstellung einer Liste von Schlüsselbegriffen, die als Grundlage für den nächsten Schritt dient.

  • Lies eine aktuelle Publikation zu deinem Thema. Wähle eine Publikation von einem renommierten Autor, in der alle (oder möglichst viele) Facetten deines Themas erörtert werden. Dadurch erhältst du einen allgemeinen Überblick über dein Forschungsfeld. Frage deinen Betreuer, falls Fragen auftauchen.
  • Notiere während des Lesens die Begriffe, die dir am wichtigsten/relevantesten erscheinen.
  • Identifiziere auch die wichtigsten/relevantesten Begriffe deines (Ausgangs-) Problems und deiner Forschungsfrage(n).
  • Nonverbale Kommunikation
  • Nonverbale Signale
  • Nonverbale Gesten
  • Körpersprache

2. Literatur sammeln

Diese Vorbereitungsarbeit macht es nun viel einfacher, nach spezifischer Literatur und nach anderen Quellen zu suchen. Diese Suche beginnt oftmals online. Dabei ist es sehr wichtig, dass die richtigen Schlüsselbegriffe verwendet werden, weshalb der erste Schritt dieses Wegweisers die Zusammenstellung einer Liste umfasst.

Suche nach diesen Begriffen sowohl in deutscher Sprache als auch in allen anderen Sprachen, in denen du über Lesekompetenzen verfügst. Es ist auch hilfreich zu versuchen, Synonyme und verschiedene Kombinationen von Begriffen zu verwenden.

Es gibt viele verschiedene Arten von Datenbanken, die du vielleicht durchforsten möchtest:

  • Der Online-Katalog deiner Schule oder der Universitätbibliothek. Die meisten wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken haben einen großen Bestand an physischen Ressourcen, einschließlich Büchern, Papers, Zeitschriften und Magazinen. Die meisten haben jedoch ihre Angebote exponentiell durch das Abonnieren wissenschaftlicher Ressourcen, einschließlich Fachzeitschriften sowie wissenschaftlicher Datenbanken (siehe unten), erweitert.
  • Google Scholar. Über www.scholar.google.de gelangst du zu der speziellen Suchmaschine von Google für wissenschaftliche Literatur. Wenn du auf einen Artikel, an dem du interessiert bist, nicht kostenlos zugreifen kannst, versuche stattdessen über die Bibliothek deines Instituts darauf zuzugreifen.
  • Länderspezifische Datenbanken. Manche Datenbanken werden auf nationaler Ebene betrieben. Beispielsweise kann auf die Datenbank PiCarta fast immer über Bibliotheken niederländischer Institute zugegriffen werden. Sie enthält Daten zu allen verfügbaren Publikationen in den Niederlanden, einschließlich Büchern und Magazinen, die nicht in deiner eigenen Bibliothek verfügbar sind.
  • Fachübergreifende Datenbanken. Datenbanken wie JSTOR und EBSCO sind digitale Bibliotheken, die Fachzeitschriften, Bücher und Primärliteratur zu einer Vielzahl von Themen beinhalten. Die meisten Institutsbibliotheken abonnieren mehrere davon.
  • Fachspezifische Datenbanken. Mehrere Datenbanken konzentrieren sich auf bestimmte Disziplinen (oder Gruppen von verwandten Disziplinen). Ein Beispiel hierfür ist die AGRIS-Datenbank, die ein breites Spektrum an Themen in Bezug auf Landwirtschaft und Umwelt abdeckt.

Wenn du eine nützliche Quelle gefunden hast, prüfe die Biografie dieser Publikation auf andere relevante Quellen (dies wird als „Schneeball“-Forschungsmethode bezeichnet). Taucht ein Autorname immer wieder auf? Dann bedeutet das normalerweise, dass diese Person eine umfangreiche Forschung zu diesem Thema geleistet hat.

Ein Blick auf seine/ihre Webseite oder die Suche nach seinem/ihrem Namen direkt in einem (Online-) Katalog wird wahrscheinlich zu weiteren Ergebnissen führen.

3. Literatur bewerten und auswählen

Es ist wahrscheinlich, dass du eine überwältigende Menge an Literatur entdeckst. Da dir nur ein begrenztes Ausmaß an Zeit zur Verfügung steht, ist es wichtig, dass du dich auf die wichtigsten Quellen konzentrierst. Wir schlagen vor, die Literatur, die du gefunden hast, zuerst in Hinblick auf ihre Relevanz und anschließend auf ihre wissenschaftliche Qualität zu bewerten.

Relevanz Eine relevante Publikation ist eine, die gut zu deinem Thema oder deinem Problem passt. Um die Relevanz eines Buches oder Artikels, ohne es/ihn in seiner Gesamtheit zu lesen, zu bestimmen, beginne nur mit der Einleitung und dem Fazit . Dies wird dir häufig genügend Informationen liefern, um zu beurteilen, ob die Publikation für deine Arbeit relevant ist.

Qualität Die Qualität einer Publikation wird durch eine Reihe von Faktoren bestimmt. Als allgemeine Regel gilt: Versuche nur die Artikel, die in renommierten Fachzeitschriften veröffentlicht wurden, zu verwenden. Rankings wie die Journal Quality List helfen dir dabei herauszufinden, welche Zeitschriften qualitativ sind.

Ein Blick auf die Fachkenntnisse mitwirkender Autoren kann ebenfalls hilfreich sein. Fachkundige Autoren sind normalerweise einem akademischen Institut zugehörig, publizieren umfangreich und werden häufig von anderen zitiert.

Bedenke, dass Informationen von Webseiten, mit Ausnahme von Webseiten, die von wissenschaftlichen, staatlichen oder zwischenstaatlichen Institutionen betrieben werden, häufig nicht zuverlässig sind. Es ist auch wichtig, wenn möglich die neueste Literatur zu nutzen; wenn du das nicht machst, läufst du Gefahr, deine Arbeit auf veralteten Informationen aufzubauen.

4. Literatur verarbeiten

Sobald du die Literatur, auf die du dich konzentrieren willst, bestimmt hast, findet im nächsten Schritt die Verarbeitung der Informationen, die du herausgefunden hast, statt (zum Beispiel durch eine Problemanalyse oder einen theoretischen Rahmen). Es ist natürlich wichtig, damit zu beginnen, die ausgewählten Publikationen gründlich zu studieren. Stell dir dabei die folgenden Fragen:

  • Was ist das zu untersuchende Problem und wie nimmt es die Forschung in Angriff?
  • Was sind die Schlüsselkonzepte und wie werden diese definiert?
  • Welche Theorien und Modelle verwendet der Autor?
  • Was sind die Ergebnisse und Schlossfolgerungen der Studie?
  • Wie steht diese Publikation verwandten Publikationen innerhalb dieses Forschungsfeldes gegenüber?
  • Wie kann ich diese Forschung auf meine eigene anwenden?

Die Analyse all deiner Quellen auf diese Art und Weise wird dir ein klares Bild des Forschungsfeldes und wie deine Forschung dazu passt, vermitteln. Danach bist du dazu in der Lage, die Literatur auf eine kritische und gut fundierte Weise zu diskutieren.

Die Art und Weise, wie du die Ergebnisse deines Literatur-Reviews präsentieren sollst, variiert je nach Programm. Die entsprechenden Leitlinien deines Fachgebiets sollten dir zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Wenn du den Literatur-Review verwendest, um beispielweise einen theoretischen Rahmen vorzubereiten, würde der Schwerpunkt auf der Definition und Analyse von Theorien und Modellen liegen.

Die Zitate in deinem Literatur-Review sollten sehr genau sein. Viele Schulen und Universitäten nutzen die Zitierweise der American Pscyhological Association ( APA ). Nutze den kostenlosen Scribbr-Zitiergenerator , der dir dabei hilft, Zitate schnell und korrekt zu erstellen.

Wenn du deine Quellen nicht richtig zitierst, werden deine verwendeten Informationen als Plagiate gewertet. Plagiarismus ist eine schwere Form des Betrugs, der schwerwiegende Folgen hat. Hast du dabei Zweifel oder brauchst du Hilfe? Führe eine Plagiatsprüfung durch – Vorsicht ist immer besser als Nachsicht.

  • Aus vorgehenden Untersuchungen wurde ersichtlich, dass…
  • In mehreren Studien (Smith, 1988; Driessen, 2007) wurde aufgezeigt, dass…
  • Durch Studien (Smith, 1988; Driessen, 2007) zu X wird die Wichtigkeit von…hervorgehoben
  • Frühere Untersuchungen (Smith, 1988) zum Vergleich von X und Y zeigen, dass…
  • Studien, wie jene von Smith (1988), zeigen, dass…

Mehr standardsätze »

  • Previous studies have shown that…
  • Several studies (Smith, 1988; Driessen, 2007) have looked at…
  • Studies (Smith, 1988; Driessen, 2007) of X shows the importance of…
  • Previous research (Smith, 1988) comparing X and Y has found…
  • Research carried out by Smith (1988) indicated that …

Beachte diese vier Schritte, um einen Literatur-Review zu schreiben:

Für Inhalte von Theorien, Definitionen und Fakten benutzt du im Literatur-Review den Indikativ Präsens. Abgeschlossene Studien und Ergebnisse von anderen Untersuchern werden im Indikativ Perfekt geschrieben.

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Krul, A. (2023, 15. August). Wie führt man einen Literatur-Review durch?. Scribbr. Abgerufen am 9. September 2024, von https://www.scribbr.de/aufbau-und-gliederung/wie-fuehrt-man-einen-literatur-review-durch/

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The Literature Review

  • Narrative Review
  • Systematic Review
  • Scoping Review

Writing your Literature Review

Once you have developed a body of literature to draw from, you can begin writing your literature review. There is no set format for a narrative literature review, and it can vary across fields. However, you will typically see the following elements:

  • Sections you might see in a typical research paper including Introduction, background, (possibly) methods, Main/Body, and Conclusion
  • Some logical structure of sections (i.e. by time period, by areas of the field, by approach of article etc.)
  • Analysis of the relative value of contributions across different sources
  • section on areas for further development or further research suggestions

Need writing help? Head to the Graduate Writing Center for help with your literature review!

What is a narrative literature review.

Narrative Literature Reviews are works in which the author reviews a body of literature on a topic and synthesizes the information into a clear narrative that demonstrates the general context of the field . They can also be called a Traditional Literature Review. Compared to Systematic and Scoping reviews, Narrative literature reviews do not use an established method or protocol, but rather take a broad, unspecified approach to what sources are selected to represent the field. Typically narrative literature reviews use peer-reviewed journal articles as their source of scholarship to review, but this might vary based on the individual assignment or review you are conducting. Below are some key elements of a Narrative Lit Review:

  • Places the topic within an existing context
  • Describes relationships between and around sources cited
  • Typically includes critical analysis
  • Organizes ideas by theme and/or relevance
  • Demonstrates author's knowledge

Staying Organized

Use a reference management software.

Reference Managers are tools that can help you keep track of the scholarly articles you are collecting and reading for your literature review. They can also help you generate citations and bibliographies within your writing. Use the Reference Management Software Guide linked below to learn more about how to get started with one.

Reference Management Research Guide

Keep your search terms in a document or spreadsheet.

Although in Narrative Lit Reviews you are not required to keep detailed reports on your search strategy, it is still important to keep track of the terms you are searching and include information about them to be sure you are casting the widest net possible. Organize your search terms in a way that makes sense to you. As an example, you could keep tabs on:

  • Broader terms
  • Narrower terms
  • Filters that work / filters that don't
  • Search strings you can copy and paste directly into search engines and databases

The Research Process

Start with an exploratory/preliminary search.

Use a couple key terms about your topic to try searching without keeping track to see whats out there. This is also a good time to search for already existing reviews on your topic and see if something similar has already been completed. After doing a preliminary search in your general topic, you can begin thinking about your specific research question.

Drafting a Research Question

To start drafting your research question, it may be helpful to consider how your topic fits within a couple of different broad overlapping fields of research. For example, the research question illustrated below asks about identity perspectives from Asian American students in high schools. Each individual topic in this question is its own circle, and the intersection of these circles is the main focus of the literature review. There could be more circles added for each new dimension I would like to add to my research question whether it be a location (i.e. New York City), a clarifying detail (i.e. generational identity), or other form of context.

As you are searching, use the different dimensions of your research question to find individual areas of research, For example, I may want to look at the literature around just the identity of Asian American students, or maybe just look at identity formation in High School. Then, in my literature review, I can synthesize these various fields to explain the different backgrounds and how they all converge around my central topic, the middle of the diagram.

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Conducting your Search

Once you have your research question and key terms from that research question, you can start your formal searching process. In narrative literature reviews it is less important to be comprehensive in checking every possibly relevant result, but more focused on making sure the results you are getting are representative of the fields you are analyzing.

Books in the Libraries to Help with you Narrative Lit Review

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Literature Review and Research Design: A Guide to Effective Research Practice

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They Say / I Say: The Moves That Matter in Academic Writing, with Readings

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The Literature Review: Six Steps to Success

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A narrative literature review is an integrated analysis of the existing literature used to summarize a body of literature, draw conclusions about a topic, and identify research gaps.  By understanding the current state of the literature, you can show how new research fits into the larger research landscape.  

A narrative literature review is NOT:  

  • Just a summary of sources
  • A review of  everything  written on a particular topic
  • A research paper arguing for a specific viewpoint - a lit review should avoid bias and highlight areas of disagreements
  • A systematic review

Purposes of a narrative literature review:

  • Explain the background of research on a topic
  • Demonstrate the importance of a topic
  • Suggest new areas of research
  • Identify major themes, concepts, and researchers in a topic
  • Identify critical gaps, points of disagreement, or flawed approaches for a research topic

1. Choose a topic & create a research question

  • Use a narrow research question for more focused search results
  • Use a question framework such as PICO to develop your research question
  • Breakdown your research question into searchable concepts and keywords
  • Research skills tutorials : How to choose a topic
  • Ask a librarian for assistance

2. Select the sources for searching & develop a search strategy

  • Identify databases to search for articles relevant to your topic
  • Ask a librarian for recommended databases
  • Develop a comprehensive search strategy using keywords, controlled vocabularies and Boolean operators
  • Research skills tutorials: How to develop a search strategy

3. Conduct the search

  • Use a consistent search strategy between databases
  • Document the strategies employed to keep track of which are more successful
  • Use a citation manager to organize your search results
  • Ask a librarian for help or refer to the Research skills tutorials

4. Review the references

  • Review the search results for relevant articles that answer your research question
  • Review the bibliography of all relevant articles for additional sources
  • Consider developing subfolders in the citation manager to organize sources by topic
  • Use interlibrary loan for any articles without full text access

5. Summarize findings

  • Synthesize the findings from the articles into a final paper
  • The final paper should cover the themes identified in the research, explain any conflicts or disagreements, identify research gaps and potential future research areas, explain how this narrative review fits within the existing research and answer the research question . 

For additional information : 

Hempel. (2020). Conducting your literature review. American Psychological Association .

  • Buchholz, & Dickins, K. A. (2023). Literature review and synthesis : a guide for nurses and other healthcare professionals . Springer Publishing Company, LLC.
  • Coughlan, Michael, and Patricia Cronin.  Doing a Literature Review in Nursing, Health and Social Care . 2nd edition., SAGE, 2017.
  • Nundy, S., Kakar, A., Bhutta, Z.A. (2022). How to Do a Review of the Literature? . In: How to Practice Academic Medicine and Publish from Developing Countries?. Springer, Singapore.  https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5248-6_18
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Types of Reviews

In this guide.

  • Common Types of Reviews
  • Narrative Reviews
  • Scoping Reviews
  • Systematic Reviews
  • Rapid Reviews
  • Umbrella Reviews
  • Clinical Practice Guidelines
  • Full Infographic Series

Narrative Reviews

What are they?

(AKA Literature Reviews)

Narrative Reviews involve looking at literature across a specific topic and synthesizing what you have learned. You can either look at one specific database, or across multiple databases.

You aren’t expected to become a subject expert, but you should have a pretty good concept of the topic once the review is completed.

How long might it take to complete?

Typically takes less than a month.

Is a team required?

A team is not required for this type of review.

What are the protocols that are preferred or required?

There are no specific protocols required.

When would you use this type of review?

Narrative Reviews can be submitted on their own as an article, or can be a part of a more in-depth project, like a book chapter, thesis, or dissertation.

Is there an example?

Kuwabara AM, Tenforde AS, Finnoff JT, Fredericson M. Iron deficiency in athletes: a narrative review. PM R. 2022;14(5):620-642. doi:10.1002/pmrj.12779

Narrative Reviews Infographic

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Literaturarbeit

  • First Online: 30 March 2021

Cite this chapter

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  • Britta Maria Gossel 2  

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Zusammenfassung

Die Literaturarbeit setzt an einem theoriegeleiteten Ausgangspunkt an. Erstens wird angenommen, dass Organisationen ihre Umwelt beobachten; zweitens wird angenommen, dass Organisationen an beiden Seiten von Kommunikation beteiligt sind. Die Betrachtung und Analyse der Literatur selbst erfolgt nach der Methode einer theoriegeleiteten Literaturarbeit. Forschungsleitend für diesen Schritt ist die zentrale Frage: Wie wird organisationaler Umweltbezug als Kommunikationsprozess in Theorien, Modellen und Ansätzen ausgewählter wissenschaftlicher Disziplinen bearbeitet?

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Gossel, B.M. (2021). Literaturarbeit. In: Organisationale Umweltbeobachtung. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-33320-1_3

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How to Conduct a Literature Review: A Guide for Graduate Students

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Traditional or Narrative Reviews

  • Systematic Reviews
  • Typology of Reviews
  • Literature Review Resources
  • Developing a Search Strategy
  • What Literature to Search
  • Where to Search: Indexes and Databases
  • Finding articles: Libkey Nomad
  • Finding Dissertations and Theses
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  • Forward Citation Chains - Cited Reference Searching
  • Keeping up with the Literature
  • Managing Your References
  • Need More Information?

A narrative or traditional literature review is a comprehensive, critical and objective analysis of the current knowledge on a topic. They are an essential part of the research process and help to establish a theoretical framework and focus or context for your research. A literature review will help you to identify patterns and trends in the literature so that you can identify gaps or inconsistencies in a body of knowledge. This should lead you to a sufficiently focused research question that justifies your research.

Onwuegbuzie and Frels (pp 24-25, 2016) define four common types of narrative reviews:

  • General literature review that provides a review of the most important and critical aspects of the current knowledge of the topic. This general literature review forms the introduction to a thesis or dissertation and must be defined by the research objective, underlying hypothesis or problem or the reviewer's argumentative thesis.
  • Historical literature review which focus on examining research throughout a period of time, often starting with the first time an issue, concept, theory, phenomena emerged in the literature, then tracing its evolution within the scholarship of a discipline. The purpose is to place research in a historical context to show familiarity with state-of-the-art developments and to identify the likely directions for future research.
  • Methodological literature review where the research methods and design are described. These methodological reviews outline the strengths and weaknesses of the methods used and provide future direction
  • Theoretical literature review which examines how theory shapes or frames research

References and additional resources

Machi, Lawrence A. & Brenda T. McEvoy (2016), The Literature Review: Six steps to success . 3rd edition.; Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin. Onwuegbuzie, A. J. & Frels, R. (2016) 7 steps to a comprehensive literature review: A multimodal & cultural approach . London: Sage Publications.

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Planning For Your Expert Literature Review

Narrative literature reviews.

  • Types of Expert Literature Reviews

Further Reading

  • Standards and Guidelines
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Narrative or traditional literature reviews can take many shapes and forms. They do not need to follow any specific guideline or standard. A narrative literature view may be assigned as part of your coursework or capstone.

A narrative literature review can be a first step to building on other research in the field. After all, if it's a topic that you're interested in, you need to know what's already been done, right?

Your Narrative Literature Review Should Have...

  • A clearly defined topic
  • A search for relevant literature
  • A logical organization structure
  • An interpretation and discussion of the selected relevant literature

A common structure for narrative literature reviews is IMRaD, or:

  • Introduction
  • What is your topic?
  • What are you interested in finding out?
  • Why did you select this topic?
  • How did you look for the literature?
  • Where did you look?
  • What search terms did you use?
  • What kind of literature did you find?
  • Did the literature you found change your opinion on the topic?
  • Did you find out something new?
  • What were the key concepts?
  • and Discussion
  • Evaluate and summarize the major concepts
  • Connect the major concepts to future research potential

While the structure above may be sufficient for your topic, you may also consider using the similar but more robust structure IAMRDC, or:

  • Ferrari, R. (2015). Writing narrative style literature reviews. Medical Writing, 24 (4), 230-235. https://doi.org/10.1179/2047480615Z.000000000329
  • Sollaci, L. B., & Pereira, M. G. (2004). The introduction, methods, results, and discussion (IMRAD) structure: a fifty-year survey. Journal of the Medical Library Association 92 (3), 364–367. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC442179/

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About Systematic Reviews

The Difference Between Narrative Review and Systematic Review

narrative literature review deutsch

Automate every stage of your literature review to produce evidence-based research faster and more accurately.

Reviews in scientific research are tools that help synthesize literature on a topic of interest and describe its current state. Different types of reviews are conducted depending on the research question and the scope of the review. A systematic review is one such review that is robust, reproducible, and transparent. It involves collating evidence by using all of the eligible and critically appraised literature available on a certain topic. To know more about how to do a systematic review , you can check out our article at the link. The primary aim of a systematic review is to recommend best practices and inform policy development. Hence, there is a need for high-quality, focused, and precise methods and reporting. For more exploratory research questions, methods such as a scoping review are employed. Be sure you understand the difference between a systematic review and a scoping review , if you don’t, check out the link to learn more.

When the word “review” alone is used to describe a research paper, the first thing that should come to mind is that it is a literature review. Almost every researcher starts off their career with literature reviews. To know the difference between a systematic review and a literature review , read on here.  Traditional literature reviews are also sometimes referred to as narrative reviews since they use narrative analysis to synthesize data. In this article, we will explore the differences between a systematic review and a narrative review, in further detail.

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narrative literature review deutsch

Narrative Review vs Systematic Review

Both systematic and narrative reviews are classified as secondary research studies since they both use existing primary research studies e.g. case studies. Despite this similarity, there are key differences in their methodology and scope. The major differences between them lie in their objectives, methodology, and application areas.

Differences In Objective

The main objective of a systematic review is to formulate a well-defined research question and use qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze all the available evidence attempting to answer the question. In contrast, narrative reviews can address one or more questions with a much broader scope. The efficacy of narrative reviews is irreplaceable in tracking the development of a scientific principle, or a clinical concept. This ability to conduct a wider exploration could be lost in the restrictive framework of a systematic review.

Differences in Methodology

For systematic reviews, there are guidelines provided by the Cochrane Handbook, ROSES, and the PRISMA statement that can help determine the protocol, and methodology to be used. However, for narrative reviews, such standard guidelines do not exist. Although, there are recommendations available.

Systematic reviews comprise an explicit, transparent, and pre-specified methodology. The methodology followed in a systematic review is as follows,

  • Formulating the clinical research question to answer (PICO approach)
  • Developing a protocol (with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria for the selection of primary studies)
  • Performing a detailed and broad literature search
  • Critical appraisal of the selected studies
  • Data extraction from the primary studies included in the review
  • Data synthesis and analysis using qualitative or quantitative methods [3].
  • Reporting and discussing results of data synthesis.
  • Developing conclusions based on the findings.

A narrative review on the other hand does not have a strict protocol to be followed. The design of the review depends on its author and the objectives of the review. As yet, there is no consensus on the standard structure of a narrative review. The preferred approach is the IMRAD (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion) [2]. Apart from the author’s preferences, a narrative review structure must respect the journal style and conventions followed in the respective field.

Differences in Application areas

Narrative reviews are aimed at identifying and summarizing what has previously been published. Their general applications include exploring existing debates, the appraisal of previous studies conducted on a certain topic, identifying knowledge gaps, and speculating on the latest interventions available. They are also used to track and report on changes that have occurred in an existing field of research. The main purpose is to deepen the understanding in a certain research area. The results of a systematic review provide the most valid evidence to guide clinical decision-making and inform policy development [1]. They have now become the gold standard in evidence-based medicine [1].

Although both types of reviews come with their own benefits and limitations, researchers should carefully consider the differences between them before making a decision on which review type to use.

  • Aromataris E, Pearson A. The systematic review: an overview. AJN. Am J Nurs. 2014;114(3):53–8.
  • Green BN, Johnson CD, Adams A. Writing narrative literature reviews for peer-reviewed journals: secrets of the trade. J Chiropratic Medicine 2006;5:101–117.
  • Linares-Espinós E, Hernández V, Domínguez-Escrig JL, Fernández-Pello S, Hevia V, Mayor J, et al. Metodología de una revisión sistemática. Actas Urol Esp. 2018;42:499–506.

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  • v.14(4); 2022 Aug

Narrative Reviews in Medical Education: Key Steps for Researchers

Javeed sukhera.

Javeed Sukhera, MD, PhD, FRCPC, is, Chair/Chief, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Living and Hartford Hospital

Narrative review is an umbrella term for a collection of review types in which the review process goes beyond an opinion or commentary. In a narrative review, researchers can pursue an extensive description and interpretation of previously published writing on a chosen topic. Narrative reviews provide a flexible and rigorous approach to analyzing and interpreting the literature. Although there are no consensus reporting guidelines for most narrative review types, researchers conducting narrative reviews usually follow chronological order in their description and organize the manuscript according to introduction, methods, results, and discussion. 1 The types of narrative reviews are diverse, with individual purposes, processes, and best practices for rigor, which will be discussed in subsequent articles in this Journal of Graduate Medical Education series on reviews. Five elements are common across most narrative subtypes, although narrative reviews typically will also reflect the style and subjective interpretations of the author team. These elements include: (1) rationale for a narrative review; (2) clarity of boundaries, scope, and definitions; (3) justification for inclusion and exclusion criteria; (4) reflexivity and a saturation/sufficiency statement; and (5) details on analysis and interpretation. 2

Identifying a Research Question

The first step in conducting a narrative review requires researchers to describe the rationale and justification for the review. Narrative reviews are useful for research questions across many different topics. For example, researchers may be seeking clarity on a topic where there is limited knowledge, or to synthesize and analyze an existing topic in a different way. When describing their purpose and audience, researchers are encouraged to frame their review by describing how their chosen research question aligns with existing literature and why their review may offer unique insights for the field.

When conducting a narrative review, it is important for researchers to name the databases being searched. Although the search terms are not always known at the outset of a narrative review, researchers should provide readers with as much information as possible about how they developed their search strategy and search terms with appropriate rationale for the decisions made along the way; these are often shared via appendices. The search itself may include diverse fields with a wide range of methods. Different subtypes of narrative reviews may involve specific principles or guidelines as part of this search.

It helps to specify inclusion and exclusion criteria; however, as a narrative review is not designed to be a comprehensive review of the literature, offering the rationale for specific parameters is important. Researchers should be clear and explicit about the choices they made, how they conducted screening, and which team members were involved. Authors should also consider how they assessed the quality of articles included in the review.

Narrative reviews include a noncomprehensive and non-exhaustive sample of the literature on a specific topic. Different researchers may take different approaches depending on the purpose of the review. Researchers can limit their sample to peer-reviewed journal articles or may choose to use reference lists and grey literature, such as meeting abstracts and presentations. Although not absolute, explaining the foundational decisions that informed and shaped each part of the review is usually a best practice. To describe the sampling approach, some forms of narrative review provide guidance that can be used by other researchers seeking help with managing sampling.

Reflexivity is another important consideration. Narrative reviewers must be explicit about how the researchers' perspectives and experiences informed decisions, including sampling strategy.

Narrative reviews are usually iterative and recursive, while conducting concurrent analysis and interpretation. Review authors must provide examples that justify their interpretations and coherently demonstrate how their interpretations have been used to inform their conclusions. 3 , 4 In general, all types of narrative reviews must include some form of both descriptive and interpretive analysis. The exact method of analysis may vary; some will rely on thematic or content analysis while others will take a more discursive or critical approach. Some narrative review subtypes are more prescriptive in approach. For example, a meta-narrative review involves narrative synthesis to make sense of different narratives about a chosen topic. 5 A critical narrative review involves interpretive analysis that compares a field's theoretical understanding of a topic with existing literature on the same topic from a different discipline. 6 , 7

Strengths and Limitations

Narrative reviews provide a flexible yet rigorous approach for knowledge synthesis, which is useful to many educators and researchers. Yet this approach has limitations; for example, narrative reviews are not often reproducible related to the influence of the authors and setting on screening, sampling, and analysis. Narrative reviews do not include an exhaustive search of all possible evidence on a given topic. A narrative review's approach to inclusion gives rise to another common criticism of narrative reviews: they are selective, which may make them harder to critically appraise against strict criteria. Researchers can address this potential shortcoming by being thoughtful, purposive, and transparent about the choices they make throughout the review process, as well as being explicit in their justifications for these choices. Researchers should also be cautious and avoid overstating conclusions. 4

Conclusions

Within medical education research, narrative reviews provide scholars with a flexible approach to conduct a rich, meaningful, and practical review of the literature on a topic. Such reviews can be used in a thoughtful and focused way to foster a deeper understanding of a medical education topic. Key considerations for researchers include an explicit and clear rationale for their choice to pursue narrative review methods. Researchers should also be thoughtful, deliberate, and reflexive about their approach to identifying a research question, screening, sampling, and analysis.

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A narrative review of burnout syndrome in medical personnel.

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1. Introduction

2. risk factors for burnout, 3. instruments used for evaluating burnout, 4. biomarkers monitoring burnout, 5. protectors against burnout, 6. repercussions of burnout, 7. discussion, 8. conclusions, author contributions, institutional review board statement, informed consent statement, data availability statement, conflicts of interest.

  • Rotenstein, L.S.; Torre, M.; Ramos, M.A.; Rosales, R.C.; Guille, C.; Sen, S.; Mata, D.A. Prevalence of Burnout among Physicians: A Systematic Review. JAMA 2018 , 320 , 1131–1150. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
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Click here to enlarge figure

OccupationalNon-Occupational
QuestionnaireTargeted
Occupational Population
Evaluated DimensionsNumber of Items/
Languages Available
Details for Interpretation/
Scoring
Availability
Maslach Burnout Inventory [ , ]MultipleThree dimensions:
Emotional exhaustion (EE)
Depersonalization (DP)
Low personal accomplishment (PA)
22
(MBI-HSS)
16
(MBI-GS)/EN and available translations for other languages
Low to high burnout evaluated for each dimensionPaid licence
Copenhagen Burnout
Inventory [ , ]
MultipleThree dimensions:
Personal burnout
Professional burnout
Client-related burnout
19/EN, DanishLow to severe burnoutFree
Oldenburg Burnout
Inventory [ , ]
MultipleThree dimensions:
Physical exhaustion Mental exhaustion
Disengagement from work
16/EN, (validated in China, Philippines, India, Brazil Portugal, Slovenia, Poland, Pakistan, Malays, Greece, Nigeria)Low, moderate, or high; the higher the score, the higher the level of burnoutFree
Karasek Job Content
Questionnaire [ ]
MultipleThree dimensions:
Decision latitude
Psychological demands
Social support
49/EN, validated in 30 countries (amongst them are the following: Belgium,
Bulgaria,
France,
Iceland,
Iran,
Italy,
Japan,
Malaysia,
Romania,
Spain,
Thailand,
Venezuela)
Measures the high-demand/low-control/low-support model of job strain developmentPaid licence
Burnout
Assessment Tool with 2 sections BAT-C and BAT-S [ ]
Working and non-working populationBAT-C 4 dimensions:
Exhaustion
Mental distance
Emotional impairment
Cognitive impairment
BAT-S 2 dimensions:
Psychological component
Psychosomatic component
Total 33
BAT-C 23
BAT-S 10/EN, Flemish, Dutch
No risk of burnout, at risk of burnout, very high risk of burnout, with statistical norms available for each dimension for the total level Free
Burnout Clinical Subtypes Questionnaire [ ]MultipleThe frenetic subtype with 3 subscales:
Ambition
Overload
Involvement
The underchallenged subtype with 3 subscales:
Indifference
Lack of development
Boredom
The worn-out subtype with 3 subscales:
Lack of acknowledgement
Neglect
Lack of control
36/EN, LatvianDifferentiates types of burnout depending on the level of dedication at workFree
Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Burnout Syndrome at Work [ ]MultipleFour dimensions:
Enthusiasm for work
Psychological exhaustion
Indolence
Guilt feeling
20/EN, Dutch, German, French, Italian, Brazilian Chinese, Brazilian, Finnish Hungarian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Ukrainian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovenian, Spanish, Turkish, Swedish, Russian, Greek, Latvian, Croatian, LithuanianLow scores on enthusiasm for work and high scores on psychological exhaustion, indolence, and guilt indicate high level of burnoutPaid licence
Brief Burnout Questionnaire Revised for Nursing Staff [ ]NursesBurnout as a process with its antecedents and consequences21/ENHigher motivation at work implies lower levels of burnoutFree
BiomarkerIdentificationOriginPrediction/
Confirmation Value
Melatonin [ , , , , , , , ]Blood, Saliva, HairPineal glandConfirmation
Cortisol [ , ]Blood, Saliva, HairHypothalamusConfirmation
CRH—corticotropin-releasing hormone [ , ]BloodHypothalamusPrediction
DHEA—dehydroepiandrosterone [ , ]BloodHypothalamusPrediction
Thyroid hormones [ , ]Blood, HairHypothalamusPrediction
ACTH—adrenocorticotropic hormone [ , , ]BloodPituitary glandPrediction
Prolactin [ , ]BloodPituitary glandPrediction
Serum S 100B [ ]BloodAstrocytes and oligodendrocytesPrediction
BDNF—brain-derived neurotrophic factor [ , ]BloodEndoplasmic reticulum from dense core vesicle localized in hippocampus, basal forebrain, and cortexPrediction
TNF-α—tumour necrosis factor alpha [ ]BloodMicro-inflammationPrediction
IL—interleukin [ ]BloodMicro-inflammationPrediction
CRP-C reactive protein [ ]BloodMicro-inflammationPrediction
Protectors against Burnout
grit
resilience
psychological flexibility
social support
good employer–employee relationships
good infrastructure
presence of employee wellness or mental health service
work–life balance
institutional leadership
having a religious background or belief
The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

Share and Cite

Ungur, A.-P.; Bârsan, M.; Socaciu, A.-I.; Râjnoveanu, A.G.; Ionuț, R.; Goia, L.; Procopciuc, L.M. A Narrative Review of Burnout Syndrome in Medical Personnel. Diagnostics 2024 , 14 , 1971. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14171971

Ungur A-P, Bârsan M, Socaciu A-I, Râjnoveanu AG, Ionuț R, Goia L, Procopciuc LM. A Narrative Review of Burnout Syndrome in Medical Personnel. Diagnostics . 2024; 14(17):1971. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14171971

Ungur, Andreea-Petra, Maria Bârsan, Andreea-Iulia Socaciu, Armand Gabriel Râjnoveanu, Răzvan Ionuț, Letiția Goia, and Lucia Maria Procopciuc. 2024. "A Narrative Review of Burnout Syndrome in Medical Personnel" Diagnostics 14, no. 17: 1971. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14171971

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IMAGES

  1. Literature Review schreiben

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  2. Narrative Literature Review

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  3. Narrative Literature Review

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  4. Literaturreview als Methode (narrativ, kritisch, etc.) 📚🔍

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  5. How to conduct a Narrative or Scoping Literature Review

    narrative literature review deutsch

  6. Narrative Review

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VIDEO

  1. Theoretical Framework

  2. Der Narr liest Folge 213: Tot oder lebendig von Mark Twain

  3. Der Narr liest Folge 221: Der deutsche Portier von Mark Twain

  4. Der Schneesturm

  5. Literature review structure and AI tools

  6. Types of literature review

COMMENTS

  1. Literaturreview als Methode (narrativ, kritisch, etc.)

    Literaturreview als Methode (narrativ, kritisch, etc.) Du möchtest ein Literaturreview als Methode für deine wissenschaftliche Arbeit einsetzen? Dann bist du hier genau richtig. In diesem Artikel geht es nicht darum, wie du einen Literaturteil aka aktuellen Forschungsstand aka Literature Review für eine empirische Arbeit schreibst.

  2. Literaturübersichtsarbeiten sowie theoretisch-konzeptionelle Arbeiten

    Theoretisch‐konzeptionelle Arbeiten dienen der Schließung konzeptioneller Lücken (fehlender Erklärungen) durch Entwicklung von Konzepten, Modellen und/oder Theorien bzw. Übertragung dieser auf neue Sachverhalte. Die im Zentrum stehende Forschungsfrage wird auf die bestehende Literatur gestützt bearbeitet.

  3. PDF Leitfaden zur Erstellung von Bachelorarbeiten: Narratives Review

    Beispiele für narrative Review s: Böttger, T. & Zierer, K. (2021). Effekte der pandemiebedingten Schulschließungen im Frühjahr 2020 auf fachlich-kognitive Leistungen von Schüler*innen im In- und Ausland. Ein narratives Review. In D. Fickermann, B. Edelstein, J. Gerick & K. Racherbäumer (Hrsg.), Schule und Schulpolitik während

  4. Wie führt man einen Literatur-Review durch?

    Wenn er richtig durchgeführt wird, entsteht aus einem Literatur-Review nicht nur eine einfache Liste oder Zusammenfassung der verfügbaren Daten. Dein Ziel ist es stattdessen, die relevantesten Ideen und Informationen, die du herausgefunden hast, im Rahmen deines theoretischen Rahmens kritisch zu diskutieren.

  5. Übersicht über bestehende Literatur: (Literatur) Reviews

    Definition. Literaturreviews stellen einen (kritischen) Überblick über bereits veröffentlichte Artikel oder andere Arten von Literatur dar. Neben den klassischen Veröffentlichungen von Studien im Sinne von Forschungsartikeln, kann in einem Review auch sogenannte graue Literatur miteinbezogen werden.

  6. An Introduction to Writing Narrative and Systematic Reviews

    A narrative review is the "older" format of the two, presenting a (non-systematic) summation and analysis of available literature on a specific topic of interest. Interestingly, probably because the "approach" is non-systematic, there are no acknowledged formal guidelines for writing narrative reviews.

  7. Reviews

    Definition. Literaturreviews stellen eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit bereits bestehendem Material dar. Material bedeutet in diesem Zusammenhang bereits publizierte, mit Ausnahmen auch nicht im klassischen Sinne publizierte Studien wie etwa Forschungsberichte oder Konferenzartikel (sog. graue Literatur).

  8. Methodische Anleitung für Scoping Reviews (JBI-Methodologie)

    Eine narrative Zusammenfassung sollte die tabellarische oder grafische Darstellung ergänzen und beschreiben, wie sich die Ergebnisse auf die Ziele und die Fragestellung des Reviews beziehen. ... Methods, strategies and technologies used to conduct a scoping literature review of collaboration between primary care and public health. Prim Health ...

  9. Writing Narrative Literature Reviews

    Narrative literature reviews serve a vital scientific function, but few resources help people learn to write them. As compared with empirical reports, literature reviews can tackle broader and more abstract questions, can engage in more post hoc theorizing without the danger of capitalizing on chance, can make a stronger case for a null-hypothesis conclusion, and can appreciate and use ...

  10. Narrative Reviews: Flexible, Rigorous, and Practical

    Introduction. Narrative reviews are a type of knowledge synthesis grounded in a distinct research tradition. They are often framed as non-systematic, which implies that there is a hierarchy of evidence placing narrative reviews below other review forms. 1 However, narrative reviews are highly useful to medical educators and researchers. While a systematic review often focuses on a narrow ...

  11. Writing narrative style literature reviews

    A narrative review (Ferrari, 2015) using thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) was chosen as the most appropriate approach to analyse, integrate, and summarise the literature on emotional ...

  12. The Structure and Conduct of a Narrative Literature Review

    Writing a narrative literature review requires careful planning. This chapter summarizes some key steps in reviewing the literature. First, a team needs to be formed. Second, a topic needs to be chosen. This needs to be relevant to the author's research/teaching interests and a well-defined issue.

  13. A Beginner's Guide On Narrative Literature Review

    This guide breaks down the process, making it easy for beginners to understand and implement. Apr 30, 2024. A narrative literature review is a valuable tool that enables researchers to summarize and synthesize existing literature on a specific topic. This critical analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter, identifies ...

  14. Narrative Review

    Narrative Literature Reviews are works in which the author reviews a body of literature on a topic and synthesizes the information into a clear narrative that demonstrates the general context of the field. They can also be called a Traditional Literature Review. Compared to Systematic and Scoping reviews, Narrative literature reviews do not use ...

  15. Narrative Literature Review

    A narrative literature review is an integrated analysis of the existing literature used to summarize a body of literature, draw conclusions about a topic, and identify research gaps. By understanding the current state of the literature, you can show how new research fits into the larger research landscape. A narrative literature review is NOT:

  16. Research Guides: Types of Reviews: Narrative Reviews

    (AKA Literature Reviews) Narrative Reviews involve looking at literature across a specific topic and synthesizing what you have learned. You can either look at one specific database, or across multiple databases. You aren't expected to become a subject expert, but you should have a pretty good concept of the topic once the review is completed.

  17. Literaturarbeit

    Grundsätzlich kann zwischen zwei Vorgehensweisen unterschieden werden. Die narrative Literaturarbeit (narrative literature review) kann als zusammenfassender Bericht verstanden werden, in dem zu einem bestimmten Thema quantitative und qualitative Forschungsergebnisse zusammengestellt werden. Sie stellt eine der gängigsten Verfahren dar und ...

  18. Traditional or Narrative Reviews

    A narrative or traditional literature review is a comprehensive, critical and objective analysis of the current knowledge on a topic. They are an essential part of the research process and help to establish a theoretical framework and focus or context for your research. A literature review will help you to identify patterns and trends in the ...

  19. Research Guides: Planning For Your Expert Literature Review: Narrative

    Narrative or traditional literature reviews can take many shapes and forms. They do not need to follow any specific guideline or standard. A narrative literature view may be assigned as part of your coursework or capstone. A narrative literature review can be a first step to building on other research in the field.

  20. Narrative reanalysis: A methodological framework for a new brand of

    Narrative review: Considers literature relevant to a specific topic and describes evidence with less emphasis on evaluation criteria and methodological matters than other forms of review. Narrative reanalysis: The method in which extracted data from an initial review is isolated further to focus on a specific sub-phenomenon. Traits of narrative ...

  21. PDF Formatting Guide for Narrative Reviews

    Narrative reviews are evidence-based summaries on a particular, defined topic, often covering a range of specific questions from pathophysiology to treatment. The content may be clinical, ethical, policy or legal review. The scope of the narrative review should be defined in the work. Though the standards of

  22. The Difference Between Narrative Review and Systematic Review

    Both systematic and narrative reviews are classified as secondary research studies since they both use existing primary research studies e.g. case studies. Despite this similarity, there are key differences in their methodology and scope. The major differences between them lie in their objectives, methodology, and application areas.

  23. Narrative Reviews in Medical Education: Key Steps for Researchers

    Five elements are common across most narrative subtypes, although narrative reviews typically will also reflect the style and subjective interpretations of the author team. These elements include: (1) rationale for a narrative review; (2) clarity of boundaries, scope, and definitions; (3) justification for inclusion and exclusion criteria; (4 ...

  24. The Impact of Heat Exposure on the Health and Performance of ...

    The impact of heat exposure on the health and performance of soccer players is a widely discussed topic. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the international literature that has addressed this issue. To achieve this objective, we initially conducted a bibliometric analysis and a literature review of the main topics that emerged through bibliometric techniques.

  25. A Narrative Review of Burnout Syndrome in Medical Personnel

    Burnout among healthcare workers has been extensively studied since its initial recognition in 1960, with its defining characteristics established by Maslach in 1982. The syndrome, characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment, is exacerbated by work-related stress and has profound implications for individual and societal well-being. Methods: A ...