how to make a topic research

key names, events?

: Topic is too general and broad to address through a short piece of writing

   •  The Metis Nation in Saskatchewan

​

     •  Add subtopic and time period: The politics of the Metis in 19th-century Saskatchewan

     •  Add person(s), event, and place: Louis Riel and the Metis rebellion in Saskatchewan

: Topic is too specific and narrow

     •  The representation of animals in sculpture by two-spirited Metis artists from Saskatchewan in the late 19th century

​

     •  Remove subtopic, person(s), and time period:  Visual art of the Metis in Saskatchewan

     •  Remove place and expand topic and time period:  The representation of politics in visual art of two-spirited Metis in the late 19th and early 20th centuries

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• Boston University Libraries

Choosing a Research Topic

• Starting Points

Where to Find Ideas

Persuasive paper assignments, dissertations and theses.

• From Idea to Search
• Make It Manageable

If you are starting a research project and would like some help choosing the best topic, this guide is for you.  Start by asking yourself these questions:

What does your instructor require? What interests you? What information sources can support your research? What is doable in the time you have?

While keeping these questions in mind, find suggestions in this guide to select a topic, turn that topic into a database search, and make your research manageable.  You will also find more information in our About the Research Process guide.

Whether your instructor has given a range of possible topics to you or you have to come up with a topic on your own, you could benefit from these activities:  

Consult Course Materials If a reading, film, or other resource is selected by your instructor, the subject of it is important to the course. You can often find inspiration for a paper in these materials.

• Is a broad topic presented?  You can focus on a specific aspect of that topic.  For example, if your class viewed a film on poverty in the United States, you could look at poverty in a specific city or explore how poverty affects Americans of a specific gender, ethnic group, or age range.
• Are experts presented, quoted, or cited?  Look up their work in BU Libraries Search or Google Scholar .

Use Background Sources If you've identified one or more topics you'd like to investigate further, look them up in an encyclopedia, handbook, or other background information source.  Here are some good places to start.

Online version of Encyclopædia Britannica along Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary and Thesaurus, magazines and periodicals and other reference sources.

• Oxford Reference This link opens in a new window Published by Oxford University Press, it is a fully-indexed, cross-searchable database containing dictionaries, language reference and subject reference works.

Explore the Scholarly Literature Ask your instructor or a librarian to guide you to the top journals in the field you're studying.  Scanning the tables of contents within these journals will provide some inspiration for your research project.  As a bonus, each of the articles in these journals will have a bibliography that will lead you to related articles, books, and other materials.

Ask a Librarian We are here to help you!  You can request a consultation or contact us by email or through our chat service .  We can help you identify what interests you, where to find more about it, and how to narrow the topic to something manageable in the time you have.

If your assignment entails persuading a reader to adopt a position, you can conduct your research in the same way you would with any other research project. The biggest mistake you can make, however, is choosing a position before you start your research.   Instead, the information you consult should inform your position.  Researching before choosing a position is also much easier; you will be able to explore all sides of a topic rather than limiting yourself to one.

If you would like examples of debates on controversial topics, try these resources:

Covers the most current and controversial issues of the day with summaries, pros and cons, bibliographies and more. Provides reporting and analysis on issues in the news, including issues relating to health, social trends, criminal justice, international affairs, education, the environment, technology, and the economy.

• New York Times: Room for Debate Selections from the New York Times' opinion pages.
• ProCon.org Created by Britannica, this site exposes readers to two sides of timely arguments. Each article includes a bibliography of suggested resources.

If you are writing a dissertation or thesis, you will find more specialized information at our Guide for Writers of Theses and Dissertations .

If you would like to find published dissertations and theses, please use this database:

This database contains indexing and abstracts of American doctoral dissertations accepted at accredited institutions since 1861 and a selection from other countries. Masters level theses are included selectively.

• Next: From Idea to Search >>
• Last Updated: Aug 2, 2024 12:06 PM
• URL: https://library.bu.edu/choosing-a-topic

How to Write a Research Paper: Developing a Research Focus

• Anatomy of a Research Paper
• Developing a Research Focus
• Background Research Tips
• Searching Tips
• Scholarly Journals vs. Popular Journals
• Thesis Statement
• Annotated Bibliography
• Citing Sources
• Evaluating Sources
• Literature Review
• Academic Integrity
• Scholarship as Conversation
• Understanding Fake News
• Data, Information, Knowledge

Developing a Research Question

Developing a Strong Research Topic

Steps for Developing Your Research Focus

The ability to develop a good research topic is an important skill. An instructor may assign you a specific topic, but most often instructors require you to select your own topic of interest. When deciding on a topic, there are a few things you will need to do:

• Brainstorm for ideas.
• Choose a topic that will enable you to read and understand the articles and books you find.
• Ensure that the topic is manageable and that material is available.
• Make a list of key words.
• Be flexible. You may have to broaden or narrow your topic to fit your assignment or the sources you find.

Selecting a good topic may not be easy.  It must be narrow and focused enough to be interesting, yet broad enough to find adequate information. Before selecting your final topic, make sure you know what your final project should look like. Each class or instructor will likely require a different format or style of research project.

1. Brainstorming for a Topic

Choose a topic that interests you. Use the following questions to help generate topic ideas.

• Do you have a strong opinion on a current social or political controversy?
• Did you read or see a news story recently that has piqued your interest or made you angry or anxious?
• Do you have a personal issue, problem, or interest that you would like to know more about?
• Is there an aspect of a class that you are interested in learning more about?

Write down any key words or concepts that may be of interest to you. These terms can be helpful in your searching and used to form a more focused research topic.

Be aware of overused ideas when deciding a topic.  You may wish to avoid topics such as abortion, gun control, teen pregnancy, or suicide unless you feel you have a unique approach to the topic. Ask the instructor for ideas if you feel you are stuck or need additional guidance.

2. Read General Background Information

Read a general encyclopedia article on the top two or three topics you are considering.

Reading a broad summary enables you to get an overview of the topic and see how your idea relates to broader, narrower, and related issues. It also provides a great source for finding words commonly used to describe the topic. These keywords may be very useful to your research later.

If you can't find an article on your topic, try using broader terms and ask for help from a librarian.

The databases here is a good start to find general information. The library's print reference collection can also be useful and is located on the main floor of the library.

3. Focus Your Topic

Keep it manageable and be flexible. If you start doing more research and not finding enough sources that support your thesis, you may need to adjust your topic.

A topic will be very difficult to research if it is too broad or narrow. One way to narrow a broad topic such as "the environment" is to limit your topic.  

Some common ways to limit a topic are by:

• geographic area
• time frame:
• population group

Remember that a topic may be too difficult to research if it is too:

• locally confined - Topics this specific may only be covered in local newspapers and not in scholarly articles.
• recent - If a topic is quite recent, books or journal articles may not be available, but newspaper or magazine articles may. Also, websites related to the topic may or may not be available.
• broadly interdisciplinary - You could be overwhelmed with superficial information.
• popular - You will only find very popular articles about some topics such as sports figures and high-profile celebrities and musicians.

Putting your topic in the form of a question will help you focus on what type of information you want to collect.

If you have any difficulties or questions with focusing your topic, discuss the topic with your instructor or with a librarian.

Tips for Choosing a Topic

Can't think of a topic to research?

Interest : Choose a topic of interest to you and your reader(s); a boring topic translates into a boring paper.

Knowledge : You can be interested in a topic without knowing much about it at the beginning, but it's a good idea to learn a little about it before you begin your research. Read about the issue in a good encyclopedia or a short article to learn more, then go at it in depth. The research process mines new knowledge – you’ll learn as you go!

Breadth of Topic : How broad is the scope of your topic? Too broad a topic is unmanageable -- for example, "The Education of Children" or "The History of Books" or "Computers in Business." A topic that is too narrow and/or trivial, such as "My Favorite Pastime," is uninteresting and extremely difficult to research.

Guidelines : Carefully follow the instructor's guidelines. If none are provided in writing, ask your professor about his or her expectations. Tell your professor what you might write about and ask for feedback and advice. This should help prevent you from selecting an inappropriate topic.

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• Last Updated: Apr 4, 2024 5:51 PM
• URL: https://libguide.umary.edu/researchpaper

Research Process Guide

• Step 1 - Identifying and Developing a Topic
• Step 2 - Narrowing Your Topic
• Step 3 - Developing Research Questions
• Step 4 - Conducting a Literature Review
• Step 5 - Choosing a Conceptual or Theoretical Framework
• Step 6 - Determining Research Methodology
• Step 6a - Determining Research Methodology - Quantitative Research Methods
• Step 6b - Determining Research Methodology - Qualitative Design
• Step 7 - Considering Ethical Issues in Research with Human Subjects - Institutional Review Board (IRB)
• Step 8 - Collecting Data
• Step 9 - Analyzing Data
• Step 10 - Interpreting Results
• Step 11 - Writing Up Results

Step 1: Identifying and Developing a Topic

Whatever your field or discipline, the best advice to give on identifying a research topic is to choose something that you find really interesting. You will be spending an enormous amount of time with your topic, you need to be invested. Over the course of your research design, proposal and actually conducting your study, you may feel like you are really tired of your topic, however,  your interest and investment in the topic will help you persist through dissertation defense. Identifying a research topic can be challenging. Most of the research that has been completed on the process of conducting research fails to examine the preliminary stages of the interactive and self-reflective process of identifying a research topic (Wintersberger & Saunders, 2020).  You may choose a topic at the beginning of the process, and through exploring the research that has already been done, one’s own interests that are narrowed or expanded in scope, the topic will change over time (Dwarkadas & Lin, 2019). Where do I begin? According to the research, there are generally two paths to exploring your research topic, creative path and the rational path (Saunders et al., 2019).  The rational path takes a linear path and deals with questions we need to ask ourselves like: what are some timely topics in my field in the media right now?; what strengths do I bring to the research?; what are the gaps in the research about the area of research interest? (Saunders et al., 2019; Wintersberger & Saunders, 2020).The creative path is less linear in that it may include keeping a notebook of ideas based on discussion in coursework or with your peers in the field. Whichever path you take, you will inevitably have to narrow your more generalized ideas down. A great way to do that is to continue reading the literature about and around your topic looking for gaps that could be explored. Also, try engaging in meaningful discussions with experts in your field to get their take on your research ideas (Saunders et al., 2019; Wintersberger & Saunders, 2020). It is important to remember that a research topic should be (Dwarkadas & Lin, 2019; Saunders et al., 2019; Wintersberger & Saunders, 2020):

• Interesting to you.
• Realistic in that it can be completed in an appropriate amount of time.
• Relevant to your program or field of study.
• Not widely researched.

Dwarkadas, S., & Lin, M. C. (2019, August 04). Finding a research topic. Computing Research Association for Women, Portland State University. https://cra.org/cra-wp/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2019/04/FindingResearchTopic/2019.pdf

Saunders, M. N. K., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2019). Research methods for business students (8th ed.). Pearson.

Wintersberger, D., & Saunders, M. (2020). Formulating and clarifying the research topic: Insights and a guide for the production management research community. Production, 30 . https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6513.20200059

• Last Updated: Jun 29, 2023 1:35 PM
• URL: https://libguides.kean.edu/ResearchProcessGuide

How to Start a Research Project: Choosing a Topic

• Choosing a Topic
• Creating a Research Question

Beginning Your Research Project

You have an assignment coming up in class. You need to write a research paper, create an annotated bibliography, or make a presentation. These are just some research projects you may need to do.

This guide will show you different ways to start a research project. When following this guide, please consider 3 concepts:

• Center your personal research interests - What are you interested in?
• Take as long on each step as you would like.
• Skip steps and repeat steps as you need.

The Mind Map

A mind map is a visual way of building a topic into a research question .

A topic is the basic idea that interests you. This is the idea that sparks your research. A topic could be "barbeque," "The Cold War," "flightless birds," or "the common cold." If you are having trouble choosing a topic , review the class syllabus or canvas modules. Find a topic covered in class that you can see yourself spending time with.

A research question is the focus of your research project. It is the thesis of your paper or the point of your presentation.

Work with us through the mind map steps to build your own research question .

To create a mind map , you will need to be able to write or type text, and the text must also be rearrangeable.

• Start with an idea like "Kitchen Design". Place your idea in the center.

• Surround your central idea with related concepts. I wrote all the kinds of kitchens I could think of. I could have also chosen to list appliances or design themes instead.

• Out of the kitchen-types, I was most drawn to "Hospital Kitchens". I then added concepts around "Hospital Kitchens". These concepts can be moved to also combined with other ideas.

• I also thought more about "Home Kitchens". I combined, "Kitchen Safety", "Consumer Preferences", and "Advertisements."

• My final version of my mind map example is very small. Don't worry if you have many more ideas and need more time rearranging your cards and planning.

I have identified two different starting research questions by combining my concepts:

• How could hospital managers design hospital kitchens to be safer for employees?
• How do kitchen appliance manufacturers advertise the safety of their products to consumers?

Useful Links

• Purdue OWL: Choosing a Topic This handout provides detailed information about how to write research papers including discussing research papers as a genre, choosing topics, and finding sources.
• UNC: Brainstorming This handout discusses techniques that will help you start writing a paper and continue writing through the challenges of the revising process. Brainstorming can help you choose a topic, develop an approach to a topic, or deepen your understanding of the topic’s potential.
• University Writing Center Schedule a session with a tutor at the University Writing Center.

Structured Questions

• Next: Creating a Research Question >>
• Last Updated: Aug 29, 2024 1:42 PM
• URL: https://libguides.southalabama.edu/start-research

How to Choose and Develop a Research Topic: Ideas and Examples

Discover strategies for choosing and developing a compelling research topic. Generate ideas, refine your topic, and conduct effective research.

Kate Windsor

Jun 26, 2024

Selecting the right research paper topic is a crucial step in the research process. A well-chosen topic can lay the foundation for a successful research project, while a poorly chosen one can lead to frustration and wasted effort. Choosing an interesting research topic can be challenging, especially for those new to the research field. 

This article aims to provide guidance and inspiration for researchers seeking to choose and develop a compelling research topic and/or topics to write. 

Understanding the Characteristics of a Good Research Topic

A good research topic should possess several key characteristics:

• Originality and novelty: The topic should contribute new knowledge or insights to the field, rather than simply rehashing existing research.
• **Feasibility and relevance: **The topic should be feasible to research within the given timeframe and resources, and relevant to the researcher's field of study.
• **Significance and impact: **The topic should have the potential to make a significant impact on the field and contribute to the advancement of knowledge.

Strategies for Generating Research Topic Ideas

Generating research topic ideas or thinking of topics to write a research on can be a daunting task, but there are several strategies that can help:

Brainstorming Techniques

• Mind mapping: Create a visual representation of your ideas and how they connect to each other.
• Freewriting: Write down your thoughts and ideas without censoring yourself, and then review what you've written to identify potential topics.
• Questioning: Ask yourself questions about your field of study, such as "What are the current gaps in knowledge?" or "What are the most pressing issues facing the field?".

Exploring Personal Interests and Experiences

Your personal interests and experiences can be a rich source of inspiration for research topics. Consider what you are passionate about and how it intersects with your field of study for your research paper ideas. Choose a topic that interests you.

Keeping Up with Current Trends and Developments

• Reading academic journals and publications: Stay up-to-date with the latest research in your field by regularly reading academic journals and publications.
• Attending conferences and seminars: Attend conferences and seminars to learn about current trends and developments in your field, and to network with other researchers.

Seeking Inspiration from AI for Research

AI for research can be a valuable tool for generating research topic ideas. AI algorithms can analyze vast amounts of data and identify patterns and trends that may not be immediately apparent to human researchers.

Easily pronounces technical words in any field

Narrowing Down and Refining Your Research Topic

Once you have generated some potential research topics, the next step is to narrow down and refine your topic:

• Identifying a broad area of interest: Start by identifying a broad area of interest within your field of study.
• Conducting preliminary research: Conduct preliminary research to gain a better understanding of the existing research in your area of interest.
• Formulating a specific research question: Formulate a specific research question that addresses a gap in the existing research or explores a new angle on a familiar topic. This research question will serve as the basis for your thesis or thesis statement.
• Considering the scope and feasibility of the topic: Consider the scope and feasibility of your topic, taking into account the timeframe and resources available to you.
• Ensuring the topic aligns with the requirements of your research paper or scientific paper: Make sure your topic aligns with the requirements of your research paper or scientific paper, such as word count, formatting, and citation style.

Developing Your Research Topic

Once you have narrowed down and refined your research topic, the next step is to develop it further:

Conducting a Literature Review

• Identifying key sources and references: Identify the key sources and references in your field of study that are relevant to your research topic.
• Synthesizing and analyzing existing research: Synthesize and analyze the existing research to identify gaps in knowledge and potential areas for further exploration.

Formulating Hypotheses or Research Objectives

Formulate hypotheses or research objectives based on your analysis of the existing research and your own insights and observations.

Defining Key Concepts and Variables

Define the key concepts and variables that are central to your research topic, and operationalize them in a way that is measurable and testable.

Outlining the Research Methodology

Outline the research methodology you will use to investigate your research topic, including data collection methods, sampling strategies, and data analysis techniques.

Tips on How to Write Faster and Efficiently

Writing a research paper can be a time-consuming process, but there are several tips and strategies that can help you  write faster and more efficiently:

• Break your writing into manageable chunks and set achievable goals for each writing session.
• Use outlines and mind maps to organize your thoughts and ideas before you start writing.
• Minimize distractions by finding a quiet workspace and turning off notifications on your devices.
• Take regular breaks to recharge and avoid burnout.
• Utilize writing tools and software, such as Grammarly or Scrivener , to streamline your writing process and improve the quality of your work.

Research Topic Ideas and Examples

Here are some examples of research topics in various fields of study:

Social Sciences

• The impact of social media on interpersonal relationships
• The role of education in reducing income inequality

Natural Sciences

• Exploring the potential of renewable energy sources
• Investigating the effects of climate change on biodiversity
• Analyzing the influence of popular culture on literature
• Examining the evolution of language in the digital age

Business and Economics

• The impact of remote work on employee productivity and job satisfaction
• Investigating the role of corporate social responsibility in consumer decision-making

Common Mistakes to Avoid When Choosing a Research Topic

When choosing a research topic, there are several common mistakes to avoid:

• Choosing a topic that is too broad or too narrow : A topic that is too broad may lack focus and depth, while a topic that is too narrow may limit the potential impact and significance of the research.
• Failing to consider the relevance and significance of the topic: A topic that is not relevant or significant to the field may not be worth researching, even if it is personally interesting to the researcher.
• Neglecting to conduct sufficient preliminary research : Failing to conduct sufficient preliminary research can lead to a lack of understanding of the existing research in the field, and may result in a topic that has already been thoroughly explored by other researchers. This can lead to wasted time and effort, as well as a lack of originality in the research.
• Ignoring the importance of a well-crafted research paper title : A well-crafted  research paper title can help to attract readers and convey the significance of the research. Ignoring the importance of the title can lead to a lack of engagement with the research.  A strong title should be concise, informative, and engaging, accurately reflecting the content and purpose of the research.

Choosing and developing a research topic is a crucial step in the research process, and one that requires careful consideration and planning. By understanding the characteristics of a good research topic, employing strategies for generating ideas, narrowing down and refining your topic, and developing it further through a literature review and research methodology, you can set yourself up for success in your research endeavors.

While the process of topic selection can be challenging, it is also an opportunity to explore your passions and interests, and to contribute new knowledge and insights to your field of study. By investing time and effort in selecting a compelling and feasible research topic, you can lay the foundation for a good research paper and a successful and impactful research project. 

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Home » Research Topics – Ideas and Examples

Research Topics – Ideas and Examples

Table of Contents

Research Topic

Definition:

Research topic is a specific subject or area of interest that a researcher wants to investigate or explore in-depth through research. It is the overarching theme or question that guides a research project and helps to focus the research activities towards a clear objective.

How to Choose Research Topic

You can Choose a Research Topic by following the below guide:

Identify your Interests

One of the most important factors to consider when choosing a research topic is your personal interest. This is because you will be spending a considerable amount of time researching and writing about the topic, so it’s essential that you are genuinely interested and passionate about it. Start by brainstorming a list of potential research topics based on your interests, hobbies, or areas of expertise. You can also consider the courses that you’ve enjoyed the most or the topics that have stood out to you in your readings.

Review the Literature

Before deciding on a research topic, you need to understand what has already been written about it. Conducting a preliminary review of the existing literature in your field can help you identify gaps in knowledge, inconsistencies in findings, or unanswered questions that you can explore further. You can do this by reading academic articles, books, and other relevant sources in your field. Make notes of the themes or topics that emerge and use this information to guide your research question.

Consult with your Advisor

Your academic advisor or a mentor in your field can provide you with valuable insights and guidance on choosing a research topic. They can help you identify areas of interest, suggest potential research questions, and provide feedback on the feasibility of your research proposal. They can also direct you towards relevant literature and resources that can help you develop your research further.

Consider the Scope and Feasibility

The research topic you choose should be manageable within the time and resource constraints of your project. Be mindful of the scope of your research and ensure that you are not trying to tackle a topic that is too broad or too narrow. If your topic is too broad, you may find it challenging to conduct a comprehensive analysis, while if it’s too narrow, you may struggle to find enough material to support your research.

Brainstorm with Peers

Discussing potential research topics with your peers or colleagues can help you generate new ideas and perspectives. They may have insights or expertise that you haven’t considered, and their feedback can help you refine your research question. You can also join academic groups or attend conferences in your field to network with other researchers and get inspiration for your research.

Consider the Relevance

Choose a research topic that is relevant to your field of study and has the potential to contribute to the existing knowledge. You can consider the latest trends and emerging issues in your field to identify topics that are both relevant and interesting. Conducting research on a topic that is timely and relevant can also increase the likelihood of getting published or presenting your research at conferences.

Keep an Open Mind

While it’s essential to choose a research topic that aligns with your interests and expertise, you should also be open to exploring new ideas or topics that may be outside of your comfort zone. Consider researching a topic that challenges your assumptions or introduces new perspectives that you haven’t considered before. You may discover new insights or perspectives that can enrich your research and contribute to your growth as a researcher.

Components of Research Topic

A research topic typically consists of several components that help to define and clarify the subject matter of the research project. These components include:

• Research problem or question: This is the central issue or inquiry that the research seeks to address. It should be well-defined and focused, with clear boundaries that limit the scope of the research.
• Background and context: This component provides the necessary background information and context for the research topic. It explains why the research problem or question is important, relevant, and timely. It may also include a literature review that summarizes the existing research on the topic.
• Objectives or goals : This component outlines the specific objectives or goals that the research seeks to achieve. It should be clear and concise, and should align with the research problem or question.
• Methodology : This component describes the research methods and techniques that will be used to collect and analyze data. It should be detailed enough to provide a clear understanding of how the research will be conducted, including the sampling method, data collection tools, and statistical analyses.
• Significance or contribution : This component explains the significance or contribution of the research topic. It should demonstrate how the research will add to the existing knowledge in the field, and how it will benefit practitioners, policymakers, or society at large.
• Limitations: This component outlines the limitations of the research, including any potential biases, assumptions, or constraints. It should be transparent and honest about the potential shortcomings of the research, and how these limitations will be addressed.
• Expected outcomes or findings : This component provides an overview of the expected outcomes or findings of the research project. It should be realistic and based on the research objectives and methodology.

Purpose of Research Topic

The purpose of a research topic is to identify a specific area of inquiry that the researcher wants to explore and investigate. A research topic is typically a broad area of interest that requires further exploration and refinement through the research process. It provides a clear focus and direction for the research project, and helps to define the research questions and objectives. A well-defined research topic also helps to ensure that the research is relevant and useful, and can contribute to the existing body of knowledge in the field. Ultimately, the purpose of a research topic is to generate new insights, knowledge, and understanding about a particular phenomenon, issue, or problem.

Characteristics of Research Topic

some common characteristics of a well-defined research topic include:

• Relevance : A research topic should be relevant and significant to the field of study and address a current issue, problem, or gap in knowledge.
• Specificity : A research topic should be specific enough to allow for a focused investigation and clear understanding of the research question.
• Feasibility : A research topic should be feasible, meaning it should be possible to carry out the research within the given constraints of time, resources, and expertise.
• Novelty : A research topic should add to the existing body of knowledge by introducing new ideas, concepts, or theories.
• Clarity : A research topic should be clearly articulated and easy to understand, both for the researcher and for potential readers of the research.
• Importance : A research topic should be important and have practical implications for the field or society as a whole.
• Significance : A research topic should be significant and have the potential to generate new insights and understanding in the field.

Examples of Research Topics

Here are some examples of research topics that are currently relevant and in-demand in various fields:

• The impact of social media on mental health: With the rise of social media use, this topic has gained significant attention in recent years. Researchers could investigate how social media affects self-esteem, body image, and other mental health concerns.
• The use of artificial intelligence in healthcare: As healthcare becomes increasingly digitalized, researchers could explore the use of AI algorithms to predict and prevent disease, optimize treatment plans, and improve patient outcomes.
• Renewable energy and sustainable development: As the world seeks to reduce its carbon footprint, researchers could investigate the potential of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power, and how these technologies can be integrated into existing infrastructure.
• The impact of workplace diversity and inclusion on employee productivity: With an increasing focus on diversity and inclusion in the workplace, researchers could investigate how these factors affect employee morale, productivity, and retention.
• Cybersecurity and data privacy: As data breaches and cyber attacks become more common, researchers could explore new methods of protecting sensitive information and preventing malicious attacks.
• T he impact of mindfulness and meditation on stress reduction: As stress-related health issues become more prevalent, researchers could investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness and meditation practices on reducing stress and improving overall well-being.

Research Topics Ideas

Here are some Research Topics Ideas from different fields:

• The impact of social media on mental health and well-being.
• The effectiveness of various teaching methods in improving academic performance in high schools.
• The role of AI and machine learning in healthcare: current applications and future potentials.
• The impact of climate change on wildlife habitats and conservation efforts.
• The effects of video game violence on aggressive behavior in young adults.
• The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction techniques in reducing anxiety and depression.
• The impact of technology on human relationships and social interactions.
• The role of exercise in promoting physical and mental health in older adults.
• The causes and consequences of income inequality in developed and developing countries.
• The effects of cultural diversity in the workplace on job satisfaction and productivity.
• The impact of remote work on employee productivity and work-life balance.
• The relationship between sleep patterns and cognitive functioning.
• The effectiveness of online learning versus traditional classroom learning.
• The role of government policies in promoting renewable energy adoption.
• The effects of childhood trauma on mental health in adulthood.
• The impact of social media on political participation and civic engagement.
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating anxiety disorders.
• The relationship between nutrition and cognitive functioning.
• The impact of gentrification on urban communities.
• The effects of music on mood and emotional regulation.
• The impact of microplastics on marine ecosystems and food webs.
• The role of artificial intelligence in detecting and preventing cyberattacks.
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113 Great Research Paper Topics

General Education

One of the hardest parts of writing a research paper can be just finding a good topic to write about. Fortunately we've done the hard work for you and have compiled a list of 113 interesting research paper topics. They've been organized into ten categories and cover a wide range of subjects so you can easily find the best topic for you.

In addition to the list of good research topics, we've included advice on what makes a good research paper topic and how you can use your topic to start writing a great paper.

What Makes a Good Research Paper Topic?

Not all research paper topics are created equal, and you want to make sure you choose a great topic before you start writing. Below are the three most important factors to consider to make sure you choose the best research paper topics.

#1: It's Something You're Interested In

A paper is always easier to write if you're interested in the topic, and you'll be more motivated to do in-depth research and write a paper that really covers the entire subject. Even if a certain research paper topic is getting a lot of buzz right now or other people seem interested in writing about it, don't feel tempted to make it your topic unless you genuinely have some sort of interest in it as well.

#2: There's Enough Information to Write a Paper

Even if you come up with the absolute best research paper topic and you're so excited to write about it, you won't be able to produce a good paper if there isn't enough research about the topic. This can happen for very specific or specialized topics, as well as topics that are too new to have enough research done on them at the moment. Easy research paper topics will always be topics with enough information to write a full-length paper.

Trying to write a research paper on a topic that doesn't have much research on it is incredibly hard, so before you decide on a topic, do a bit of preliminary searching and make sure you'll have all the information you need to write your paper.

#3: It Fits Your Teacher's Guidelines

Don't get so carried away looking at lists of research paper topics that you forget any requirements or restrictions your teacher may have put on research topic ideas. If you're writing a research paper on a health-related topic, deciding to write about the impact of rap on the music scene probably won't be allowed, but there may be some sort of leeway. For example, if you're really interested in current events but your teacher wants you to write a research paper on a history topic, you may be able to choose a topic that fits both categories, like exploring the relationship between the US and North Korea. No matter what, always get your research paper topic approved by your teacher first before you begin writing.

113 Good Research Paper Topics

Below are 113 good research topics to help you get you started on your paper. We've organized them into ten categories to make it easier to find the type of research paper topics you're looking for.

Arts/Culture

• Discuss the main differences in art from the Italian Renaissance and the Northern Renaissance .
• Analyze the impact a famous artist had on the world.
• How is sexism portrayed in different types of media (music, film, video games, etc.)? Has the amount/type of sexism changed over the years?
• How has the music of slaves brought over from Africa shaped modern American music?
• How has rap music evolved in the past decade?
• How has the portrayal of minorities in the media changed?

Current Events

• What have been the impacts of China's one child policy?
• How have the goals of feminists changed over the decades?
• How has the Trump presidency changed international relations?
• Analyze the history of the relationship between the United States and North Korea.
• What factors contributed to the current decline in the rate of unemployment?
• What have been the impacts of states which have increased their minimum wage?
• How do US immigration laws compare to immigration laws of other countries?
• How have the US's immigration laws changed in the past few years/decades?
• How has the Black Lives Matter movement affected discussions and view about racism in the US?
• What impact has the Affordable Care Act had on healthcare in the US?
• What factors contributed to the UK deciding to leave the EU (Brexit)?
• What factors contributed to China becoming an economic power?
• Discuss the history of Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies  (some of which tokenize the S&P 500 Index on the blockchain) .
• Do students in schools that eliminate grades do better in college and their careers?
• Do students from wealthier backgrounds score higher on standardized tests?
• Do students who receive free meals at school get higher grades compared to when they weren't receiving a free meal?
• Do students who attend charter schools score higher on standardized tests than students in public schools?
• Do students learn better in same-sex classrooms?
• How does giving each student access to an iPad or laptop affect their studies?
• What are the benefits and drawbacks of the Montessori Method ?
• Do children who attend preschool do better in school later on?
• What was the impact of the No Child Left Behind act?
• How does the US education system compare to education systems in other countries?
• What impact does mandatory physical education classes have on students' health?
• Which methods are most effective at reducing bullying in schools?
• Do homeschoolers who attend college do as well as students who attended traditional schools?
• Does offering tenure increase or decrease quality of teaching?
• How does college debt affect future life choices of students?
• Should graduate students be able to form unions?

• What are different ways to lower gun-related deaths in the US?
• How and why have divorce rates changed over time?
• Is affirmative action still necessary in education and/or the workplace?
• Should physician-assisted suicide be legal?
• How has stem cell research impacted the medical field?
• How can human trafficking be reduced in the United States/world?
• Should people be able to donate organs in exchange for money?
• Which types of juvenile punishment have proven most effective at preventing future crimes?
• Has the increase in US airport security made passengers safer?
• Analyze the immigration policies of certain countries and how they are similar and different from one another.
• Several states have legalized recreational marijuana. What positive and negative impacts have they experienced as a result?
• Do tariffs increase the number of domestic jobs?
• Which prison reforms have proven most effective?
• Should governments be able to censor certain information on the internet?
• Which methods/programs have been most effective at reducing teen pregnancy?
• What are the benefits and drawbacks of the Keto diet?
• How effective are different exercise regimes for losing weight and maintaining weight loss?
• How do the healthcare plans of various countries differ from each other?
• What are the most effective ways to treat depression ?
• What are the pros and cons of genetically modified foods?
• Which methods are most effective for improving memory?
• What can be done to lower healthcare costs in the US?
• What factors contributed to the current opioid crisis?
• Analyze the history and impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic .
• Are low-carbohydrate or low-fat diets more effective for weight loss?
• How much exercise should the average adult be getting each week?
• Which methods are most effective to get parents to vaccinate their children?
• What are the pros and cons of clean needle programs?
• How does stress affect the body?
• Discuss the history of the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians.
• What were the causes and effects of the Salem Witch Trials?
• Who was responsible for the Iran-Contra situation?
• How has New Orleans and the government's response to natural disasters changed since Hurricane Katrina?
• What events led to the fall of the Roman Empire?
• What were the impacts of British rule in India ?
• Was the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki necessary?
• What were the successes and failures of the women's suffrage movement in the United States?
• What were the causes of the Civil War?
• How did Abraham Lincoln's assassination impact the country and reconstruction after the Civil War?
• Which factors contributed to the colonies winning the American Revolution?
• What caused Hitler's rise to power?
• Discuss how a specific invention impacted history.
• What led to Cleopatra's fall as ruler of Egypt?
• How has Japan changed and evolved over the centuries?
• What were the causes of the Rwandan genocide ?

• Why did Martin Luther decide to split with the Catholic Church?
• Analyze the history and impact of a well-known cult (Jonestown, Manson family, etc.)
• How did the sexual abuse scandal impact how people view the Catholic Church?
• How has the Catholic church's power changed over the past decades/centuries?
• What are the causes behind the rise in atheism/ agnosticism in the United States?
• What were the influences in Siddhartha's life resulted in him becoming the Buddha?
• How has media portrayal of Islam/Muslims changed since September 11th?

Science/Environment

• How has the earth's climate changed in the past few decades?
• How has the use and elimination of DDT affected bird populations in the US?
• Analyze how the number and severity of natural disasters have increased in the past few decades.
• Analyze deforestation rates in a certain area or globally over a period of time.
• How have past oil spills changed regulations and cleanup methods?
• How has the Flint water crisis changed water regulation safety?
• What are the pros and cons of fracking?
• What impact has the Paris Climate Agreement had so far?
• What have NASA's biggest successes and failures been?
• How can we improve access to clean water around the world?
• Does ecotourism actually have a positive impact on the environment?
• Should the US rely on nuclear energy more?
• What can be done to save amphibian species currently at risk of extinction?
• What impact has climate change had on coral reefs?
• How are black holes created?
• Are teens who spend more time on social media more likely to suffer anxiety and/or depression?
• How will the loss of net neutrality affect internet users?
• Analyze the history and progress of self-driving vehicles.
• How has the use of drones changed surveillance and warfare methods?
• Has social media made people more or less connected?
• What progress has currently been made with artificial intelligence ?
• Do smartphones increase or decrease workplace productivity?
• What are the most effective ways to use technology in the classroom?
• How is Google search affecting our intelligence?
• When is the best age for a child to begin owning a smartphone?
• Has frequent texting reduced teen literacy rates?

How to Write a Great Research Paper

Even great research paper topics won't give you a great research paper if you don't hone your topic before and during the writing process. Follow these three tips to turn good research paper topics into great papers.

#1: Figure Out Your Thesis Early

Before you start writing a single word of your paper, you first need to know what your thesis will be. Your thesis is a statement that explains what you intend to prove/show in your paper. Every sentence in your research paper will relate back to your thesis, so you don't want to start writing without it!

As some examples, if you're writing a research paper on if students learn better in same-sex classrooms, your thesis might be "Research has shown that elementary-age students in same-sex classrooms score higher on standardized tests and report feeling more comfortable in the classroom."

If you're writing a paper on the causes of the Civil War, your thesis might be "While the dispute between the North and South over slavery is the most well-known cause of the Civil War, other key causes include differences in the economies of the North and South, states' rights, and territorial expansion."

#2: Back Every Statement Up With Research

Remember, this is a research paper you're writing, so you'll need to use lots of research to make your points. Every statement you give must be backed up with research, properly cited the way your teacher requested. You're allowed to include opinions of your own, but they must also be supported by the research you give.

#3: Do Your Research Before You Begin Writing

You don't want to start writing your research paper and then learn that there isn't enough research to back up the points you're making, or, even worse, that the research contradicts the points you're trying to make!

Get most of your research on your good research topics done before you begin writing. Then use the research you've collected to create a rough outline of what your paper will cover and the key points you're going to make. This will help keep your paper clear and organized, and it'll ensure you have enough research to produce a strong paper.

What's Next?

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How to come up with a topic for your thesis

Finding a thesis topic

The easiest method to choose a thesis topic, how to choose a thesis topic that will get you a job, ask your supervisor for help, found my thesis topic, now what, further tips on finding a thesis topic, frequently asked questions about coming up with a topic for your thesis, related articles.

Depending on the level of your studies, you will be required to come up with a topic for your thesis by yourself or to choose from a list of broad topics. In either case, you will need to:

• Choose a specific scope
• Narrow it down as much as you can.
• Find a topic by considering specific debates or discussions that interest you.
• Choose a topic based on phenomenon, point of view, and context.
• Consider the relevance of your topic in relation to job market realities.
• Ask your supervisor for help and guidance, as needed.

Tip: Balance your own interests with what can help you grow in your field..

In any case, you can start by asking yourself if you’ve attended any lecture where you were particularly interested in a certain subject and go from there. The following questions might help you shine a light on personal topics of interest:

• What aspect of your studies holds a particular interest for you?
• Was something mentioned in a discussion that you found intriguing?
• Did you read about a theory or idea that spoke to you?

Ideas for a thesis can stem from many sources, so let your mind wander and see if anything tickles your curiosity. A thesis is a chance for you to spend some quality time with a certain aspect of your studies, so you better think of a topic that not only appeals to you but will also help you grow in your field.

Tip: Use phenomenon, point of view, and context to help you choose a balanced thesis topic.

We can all agree that choosing a topic for a thesis or any paper is one, if not the most, difficult steps in writing. However, according to Sahlman's How to Write a Master Thesis Fast , choosing a topic for your thesis is rather easy if you focus on the three following areas:

• Point of view

Focus on a specific phenomenon as the center of your thesis. For example, "queer rights" or "climate change". Next, you choose a point of view. From what perspective do you see the phenomenon? For instance, “American culture” or “legally/ financially”. Finally, you narrow it down to a particular context, such as “from 2000 to 2010” or “small German enterprises in 2017”.

By combining the examples of these three areas, we come up with two potential thesis topics:

The development of queer rights in American culture from 2000 to 2010

Emerging climate change regulations of small German enterprises in 2017

The topic doesn't need to be perfect at first. The idea is to brainstorm with the topics that most interest you in the beginning and slowly come up with with a compelling topic you can brag about at friends’ dinner parties. Here is a list of the top 100 research paper topics for some inspiration.

Tip: Think about how your potential topic can make an intervention into your field of study.

If you will be writing extensively about a specific topic it does not only have to meet the requirements of the academia but it should also expand your professional horizons. According to the article how to pick a masters thesis topic , you should be thinking beyond the completion of your degree.

The author states "use your time as a student to make yourself as attractive to employers as possible." In order to achieve this, make sure that at least one of the three components (phenomenon, point of view and context) is of interest in your desired professional field.

For example, the thesis topics mentioned above would be of great help to people interested in working in the field of human rights and climate change. By choosing a thesis topic related to your professional future, your chances of landing your desired job will be higher, as you could bring fresh and valuable knowledge to your field.

Tip: Ask your supervisor for advice early in the process.

If your topic is still not fully shaped, then take advantage of the greater wisdom of your supervisor and ask for guidance. Arm yourself with enough possible topics and pay your supervisor a visit. Explain what’s your specific point of view and/or context of interest and, luckily, they will steer you in the right direction.

It is certainly not enough to find a topic for your thesis. You also need to make sure that it is a relevant topic and that you will be able to develop it.

• 5 Tips for selecting a thesis topic
• How to come up with a thesis topic
• How to pick a Masters thesis topic

Choosing a topic for your thesis is easy if you focus on the three following areas:

Focus on a specific phenomenon as the center of your thesis. From what perspective do you see the phenomenon? Finally, narrow it down to a particular context . By combining these three areas, you can come up with several possible thesis topics.

Here is a list of the top 100 research paper topics for some inspiration.

The amount of time you need to choose a thesis topic depends on you. If you use the method we explained above, it can take very short time. If you doubt yourself too much, you might end up spending many days choosing a topic.

Here's a YouTube tutorial on How To Choose A Research Topic For A Dissertation Or Thesis (7 Step Method + Examples) by the Grad Coach.

The first person to ask for help if you have trouble finding a thesis topic is your supervisor. Take advantage of their greater wisdom and ask for guidance. Explain them your interests, and, luckily, they will steer you in the right direction.

How to Research a Topic: A Step-by-Step Guide

Research involves carefully investigating a specific concern or issue using scientific methods, which can be either inductive or deductive. Inductive methods are used to analyze observed events, while deductive methods are employed to confirm these events.

As gathering information on a topic is key for comprehension and achieving a good grade on assignments, our professional essay writer will share essential research tips to help you conduct your study efficiently and systematically.

Our experienced research paper writers only need your requirements to create an original paper for you.

Getting Started with Research

Research involves a series of systematic steps that researchers must take to gather valuable knowledge relevant to their project. To successfully understand how to do research, it's essential to follow the below steps diligently recommended by our dissertation services .

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Step 1: Pick a Topic

The first and most crucial step in conducting research is to clearly define the issue you want to investigate. This involves pinpointing the specific problem or question that needs to be addressed. A well-defined issue:

• Narrows down the scope of your research, allowing you to concentrate on gathering pertinent information.
• Helps you avoid unnecessary detours and make efficient use of your time and resources, by knowing exactly what you are looking for.
• Makes it easier to formulate research questions, hypotheses, and objectives.
• Facilitates communication of your research goals to others, including peers, mentors, and stakeholders.

To define the issue and know how to research any topic, follow these steps:

Step 2: Review Existing Literature

Before you get deep into your research process, it's smart to check out what's already been written about your topic. This step not only helps you clarify and justify your focus but also adds credibility to your work by showing you understand the context.

Start by breaking down your topic into smaller parts and brainstorming keywords with others. You'll likely generate lots of sub-themes, but you can't tackle them all. Identify the most important ones to prioritize. Then, think about what information you need to gather for each sub-theme to illuminate your research topic.

To guide how to research any topic easily, use the internet wisely to find reliable sources. 

• Google Scholar is great for academic articles and books
• Google News and BBC News provide up-to-date news
• Research4Life covers programs like AGORA, Hinari, OARE, and ARDI, focusing on various fields

When reviewing literature, read critically and pinpoint unanswered questions. 

• Who's arguing about this topic? 
• What proof do they have? 
• What's still unknown? 
• How will your research add to the conversation?

Keep track of all the documents you read by organizing your references systematically. This will teach you how to do research efficiently while saving your precious time.

For an in-depth look at how to avoid referencing that do not qualify to be cited, check our article on CREDIBLE SOURCES

Step 3: Formulate Hypotheses

In some areas of study, your hypothesis might be called a "thesis statement." This is where you predict how different things relate to each other. While you’re conducting research, you'll test and try to prove your hypothesis. Here are some tips for creating your hypothesis:

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Step 4: Design Your Research

Research design is a plan for achieving goals and answering questions in research. It guides how to do research by gathering the necessary information effectively. Its main aim is to set up research in a way that tests hypotheses, addresses research questions, and offers insights for decision-making.

Different research issues call for different approaches to collecting data. A good design ensures that the data gathered is:

• Relevant to your thesis or argument.
• Unbiased and reliable, providing a fair test of your thesis.
• Accurate in establishing causality, if you're aiming to explain what's happening.
• Able to produce findings that can apply to situations beyond your immediate scope.

The design also aims to make the process of gathering evidence efficient, minimizing the time, money, and effort needed. There are four main categories into which research designs typically fall:

• Exploration and Surveys
• Experiments
• Data Analysis
• Observation

Step 5: Collect Data

Data collection is crucial for obtaining the knowledge or information needed to address the research question. Every research project gathers data, either from existing literature or directly from the people being studied. During this step, researchers must identify the types of data, the sources of data, and the methods used to collect it.

Before beginning data collection, an analyst must answer three key questions:

• What is the goal or purpose of this research?
• What kinds of data are needed?
• What methods and procedures will be used to collect, store, and process the information?

Data can be collected from two main categories of sources, which provide primary and secondary data:

By systematically collecting data from these sources, you’ll know how to do research with the relevant information that answers your research questions effectively.

Step 6: Analyze Data

Once data is collected, it must be systematically examined to address the research question and test the hypotheses. During data analysis, researchers should:

Step 7: Structure Your Findings

Structuring your findings is the final one in these research process steps, where you present the analyzed data in a clear and coherent manner. This ensures that the results are understandable and accessible to your audience.

For an in-depth look at how to write a research paper, take a look at our Guide with RESEARCH PAPER OUTLINE TEMPLATE

Researching can be challenging, but with practice, it becomes easier. As you improve, you'll develop a good sense of which sources are credible and relevant. By following the research process steps outlined above, you'll be able to find the right information on any topic. And, if you need further help, our psychology essay writing service is always here to assist you.

We have a team of professional writers who are ready to create A+ essays for you on any topic. Feel free to buy online essay at EssayPro!

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How Do You Research Topic Ideas?

What are the 7 steps of the research process, what are good topic ideas.

Daniel Parker

is a seasoned educational writer focusing on scholarship guidance, research papers, and various forms of academic essays including reflective and narrative essays. His expertise also extends to detailed case studies. A scholar with a background in English Literature and Education, Daniel’s work on EssayPro blog aims to support students in achieving academic excellence and securing scholarships. His hobbies include reading classic literature and participating in academic forums.

is an expert in nursing and healthcare, with a strong background in history, law, and literature. Holding advanced degrees in nursing and public health, his analytical approach and comprehensive knowledge help students navigate complex topics. On EssayPro blog, Adam provides insightful articles on everything from historical analysis to the intricacies of healthcare policies. In his downtime, he enjoys historical documentaries and volunteering at local clinics.

Updated research steps and provided thorough explanations for each

• ‌Oakland University. (n.d.). Tayler Research Hypothesis. https://oakland.edu/Assets/upload/docs/AIS/Syllabi/Tayler_Research_Hypothesis.pdf  
• ‌Design a research study | Emerald Publishing. (n.d.). Www.emeraldgrouppublishing.com. https://www.emeraldgrouppublishing.com/how-to/research-methods/design-a-research-study
• REVIEWING THE EXISTING LITERATURE WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? (n.d.). https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10546/252995/gd-reviewing-existing-literature-120716-en.pdf  

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Speaker 1: please stop letting your PhD supervisor dictate your project or your thesis topic. The thing is, is that these supervisors tend to choose something that interests them. The topic tends to be related to their current research, and in my experience, they're getting worse and worse at selecting a PhD or thesis topic. They either choose a project that's far too narrow or far too broad, they're not very good at looking at cross-disciplinary stuff, that's what I wanna say. So what you've gotta do is choose your own research project with your supervisor, I think that's very, very important. And the first thing you need to look at is novelty. Novelty is, has this been done before, and is it new? Now don't overthink this, it doesn't have to be amazing, it doesn't have to change the world, it just has to be a little bit new. So, go check out my other video after this video, obviously, where I talk about how to find a research gap, but importantly, it's about finding that thing that no one else has done that contributes to the field. Easier said than done, I know, but there is no shortcut to just reading the literature, the current state of the field, and coming up with your own questions, and being like, I wonder if this has been done, I wonder if this has been done. Trying questions larger. Larger. Trying questions smaller. Oh, a new tiny question. So all of those things need to be considered when choosing the novelty, or looking at the novelty of your research question. The first thing I like to do is use semantic search, so I head over to tools like this. I head over to illicit.com and I ask a research question, and I see what's come up. So, if I've got a question in my mind, like, are aardvarks good at dancing, I can go there and find the aardvark's dancing abilities. Research has shown that certain dance moves can influence perceptions of dancing ability, and that blah blah, so there we are, you can see that further research is needed to determine if aardvarks are good at dancing, so there we are. There is a research gap. It's not an important research gap, and no one wants it in the world, but that's how you do it. Another kind of tool that I can go over to is consensus, and ask the same question, or a similar question. Let's see if, there we are. So, this is the sort of question I'm interested in, apparently, and it's this sort of search that you need to go through over and over again. Start reading papers, review papers in your field. Start looking at very specific questions to see if they've been answered, and then you'll start to build up this kind of sixth sense as to what is new, what is novel, what's interesting, and to be honest with you, these days, a lot of the most novel and interesting questions are found at the interface of different fields, which is why relying solely on your supervisor can be a bit dangerous, because they like to stay in their own little box, and they don't like to go outside of it. I've seen it firsthand. So, that is how you do it. So, let's have a look. Something new, yes. Unique contribution, yes. Research gap, yes. That's what you first need to look at, but that's not the only thing you need to look at. This, arguably, is more important. There's your transition. The second thing to consider about a great research topic is, is it relevant? Does it matter? Who benefits from you answering this research question? One place I like to go when I'm unsure of the current state of a field, or if I just want to get a little bit of inspiration on what's hot, like a hot new topic, because that's what we really want, is I head over to something like SCI News or Science Alert. These are written by science journalists, and journalists have a really great way of framing exciting topics and finding out what is new, current, and interesting to the general population. I'm not saying this is the only way you should select a research topic, but I like my research topic to be at least a little bit interesting to the general population. So, if I go to Science Alert, for example, and I type in bats, then we can see, okay, what sort of stuff is being asked about bats? I can go here. Bats and humans are closer than ever, and the risks have never been. The secret to avoiding the next pandemic. Okay, so now we're looking at bats and pandemics. So, that clearly was interesting to people during COVID, and then we've got huge bats used to walk around in New Zealand, and four limbs. That's interesting. I'll open up that. So, this is where I can find interesting, relevant, new research that the general public are arguably more interested in than something that's really blue sky. Now, I'm not saying that the blue sky research is not important. What I'm saying is this is a great way of finding out if something is relevant to the population at the moment, and it is a really nice way to find out if your research field is going to be valued. Valued by people outside of academia, but also inside of academia. Money flows to where the hot topics are. That's why you see all these researchers trying to mold their research into the latest thing, whether it's 3D printed food, whether or not it's flexible organic photovoltaics like it was years ago. That is why people shift topics, like professors shift topics, because they're finding where the money is. If you find a hot topic that's relevant and is easy to kind of answer the question, why is it important, and who does this benefit, the money starts flowing to you like a river. Oh, I'm getting my mouth money. So, if you want longevity in research after your PhD or thesis, that is something very important to consider. The third thing that's really important is, is it feasible? A lot of the times, PhD supervisors forget that you should actually think about doing this in two or three years, because their career's been going for ages. They're dinosaurs of the academic world. They don't care about one or two years, but you do, because that's all you really have to do your PhD in. Now, you'll think that I just said one or two years as like a slip up. I didn't, because there is so much failure in a PhD that about a year of any PhD is just failure, going backwards, trying things again. So, when you're thinking about feasibility, you need to think, what project can I do in two years? That is really the feasibility marker, because there's so much failure, there's so much wasted time and effort, that if you were to only work on successful things during your PhD, they'd probably only take about one and a half to two years. So, you need to really change that frame of reference and not say, oh, what can I do in like five years or three years? What can you do in two years or three years? That is really the most important question that you've got to answer. So, is it feasible in terms of the data that you can get access to? Are you accessing data or are you creating your own things? If you're creating your own data, have you got access to the equipment and the expertise that you need? You've also got ethics approval. Is it feasible to do your project with all of the paperwork that you have to go through? Consider that before you even start your research project. And then, also, time. Don't choose something that's super narrow that you can do in like a weekend, obviously. That's not a PhD or a thesis. But don't choose something that you think is gonna take 10 years. Your research supervisor is working on stuff that takes 10 years and his PhD students are little tiny steps along the way. What little tiny step can you do in about two years? That's a good rule of thumb. So, play about with the size and scope of the research project. Make it narrow, narrow, narrow, narrow, and then go, oh, that's a bit too narrow. Make it larger, larger, larger, larger, and go, oh, no, I wouldn't be able to do that in two years. And then, somewhere in the middle is the good sweet spot. And remember that every research project fails multiple times and it is about sort of like readjusting your focus and what you're doing. So, don't make it too narrow that when stuff fails, you're just at a dead end and you're like, oh, no, this is terrible, and you've got nowhere to go. You always want options, options, options, options, options. That's the best sort of like scope of a research project. The last thing I want you to know is that these projects aren't made on their own. You shouldn't come up with a research project on your own, sat at the computer. Talk to people, talk to your research supervisor, talk to other people in the field, talk to other PhD students, postdocs in the group that you want to go into. The best research projects have been pressure tested by many, many people before they even started. So, that's why you can't rely on just your supervisor or just you to come up with a good research project. Have it sort of like pressure tested by a few people, ask questions, and then that will help refine the idea and ultimately lead to better foundations for your research thesis or your dissertation. There we are. If you like this video, you should go check out this room. I talk about five tips for choosing a PhD research topic. I think you'll love it. Thank you.

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Advancements in Agricultural Monitoring with AI Enhanced Remote Sensing Techniques

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The integration of Remote Sensing (RS) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly reshaping agricultural practices, marking a significant step forward in how crops are monitored and managed. RS technologies provide comprehensive, real-time data that detail the health and conditions of crops, detecting ...

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• 10 Research Question Examples to Guide Your Research Project

10 Research Question Examples to Guide your Research Project

Published on October 30, 2022 by Shona McCombes . Revised on October 19, 2023.

The research question is one of the most important parts of your research paper , thesis or dissertation . It’s important to spend some time assessing and refining your question before you get started.

The exact form of your question will depend on a few things, such as the length of your project, the type of research you’re conducting, the topic , and the research problem . However, all research questions should be focused, specific, and relevant to a timely social or scholarly issue.

Once you’ve read our guide on how to write a research question , you can use these examples to craft your own.

Note that the design of your research question can depend on what method you are pursuing. Here are a few options for qualitative, quantitative, and statistical research questions.

Other interesting articles

If you want to know more about the research process , methodology , research bias , or statistics , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

Methodology

• Sampling methods
• Simple random sampling
• Stratified sampling
• Cluster sampling
• Likert scales
• Reproducibility

 Statistics

• Null hypothesis
• Statistical power
• Probability distribution
• Effect size
• Poisson distribution

Research bias

• Optimism bias
• Cognitive bias
• Implicit bias
• Hawthorne effect
• Anchoring bias
• Explicit bias

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Why Are Kids Struggling with Anxiety More than Ever?

The pandemic’s lingering effects and chronic screen time make it hard for anxious kids to stay in school, but parents can help by “praising instances of bravery”

A clinician at BU’s Center for Anxiety & Related Disorders says that youth anxiety went up during the COVID-19 pandemic, and has yet to come back down to pre-COVID levels. Photo via iStock/fstop123

The pandemic’s lingering effects and chronic screen time make it hard for anxious kids to stay in school, says BU researcher, but parents can help by “praising instances of bravery”

Jessica colarossi.

For children and adolescents who have anxiety, going to school can feel like a nightmare. Anxiety is the most common mental health disorder in the United States for adults. And since the COVID-19 pandemic, anxiety that interferes with daily life has risen in young people, making everyday activities like going to school and socializing difficult and more stressful.

In Massachusetts, the upward trend in anxiety-related disorders has led to more students missing school , sometimes labeled chronic absenteeism or school refusal. This leaves parents, families, and caregivers scrambling for solutions, like education accommodations and mental health counseling—all of which are limited , with long waiting lists to even get in front of a healthcare provider.

“The mechanisms underlying anxiety—like intolerance of uncertainty, changes, and distress—all went up during 2020, and they haven’t come back down to pre-COVID levels,” says Alyssa Farley , a BU College of Arts & Sciences research assistant professor of psychological and brain sciences. “This raises the question about whether children have really recovered from the experiences of those years.”

Farley is a clinician and supervisor at BU’s Center for Anxiety & Related Disorders (CARD) Child & Adolescent program , where she and her colleagues treat children ages 3 to 17 for various clinical anxiety disorders, such as separation anxiety, phobias, and selective mutism, which is when a child will not speak in certain settings—commonly school—but will speak comfortably in other environments. The clinic also offers guidance for caregivers to help kids succeed.

“I think a lot of the things that we recommend can feel counterintuitive to parents,” Farley says. “For example, instead of accommodating avoidance or enabling children to escape a situation that’s causing them anxiety, we say to gradually work with them to face their fears.” Farley wishes there was better understanding of anxiety both at home and in schools, since it can be overlooked until a child starts missing school.

The Brink sat down with Farley to discuss why anxiety in children is interfering with school, why it’s so difficult for parents and kids to access resources, and how to support an anxious child.

with Alyssa Farley

The brink: based on your work at card, how do you make sense of the heightened levels of anxiety among kids and rising school absenteeism.

Farley: There are a lot of different factors that contribute to that. There was the period of the COVID pandemic, 2020 to 2021, where kids weren’t in school, and they weren’t facing things that might be challenging for them under normal circumstances. So, for example, a child predisposed to social anxiety could have spent critical developmental years without having any playdates and not going to school in person. Now school is back to normal, but some kids missed out on key opportunities to practice facing social challenges. For kids that were in their preschool years during the COVID lockdown, they would have started practicing talking with teachers and other kids, and they have really struggled due to missing out on that time.   Another element is screen time. I hear a lot of parents saying their child is completely addicted to their phone or tablet, and that it’s really hard to get them to do other things. For that same period during COVID, daylong screen use became normalized. I think that might be another contributor to school absenteeism now. If school is a factor that causes a child to feel extreme and impairing levels of anxiety, then of course they want to avoid it and stay home instead. Screen time is just another pull to avoid anxiety—it can be very hard to put aside and go to school instead. A lot of times when we’re trying to get families to help their child attend school more regularly, we have to ask them to remove that reinforcement at home.

The Brink: How is missing school addressed in the clinic and what are the options families have?

Farley: A lot of times, we work with families to remove the enabling patterns that contribute to school refusal and build skills to help the child attend school more consistently. For example, an anxious child might say they have a stomachache every week and start staying home a lot. Over time, we might realize that anxiety is making them feel physically unwell, or there is something making them really nervous about school that they’re trying very hard to avoid. The source of this anxiety should be addressed, and the family should help the child make it to school as consistently as possible. We’re always trying to prevent school refusal from becoming a more persistent pattern, because the longer you’re not doing something, the harder it is to jump back into it. When we see children with persistent school refusal, we’re often recommending more intensive treatment than standard outpatient therapy, since that typically won’t be sufficient for a child who has long-term, chronic school refusal.

The Brink: There have been reports of parents struggling to get accommodations and support for their children who are refusing to go to school because of impairing anxiety. Why do you think that is the case? 

Farley: It’s typically thought about in terms of internalizing versus externalizing. Externalizing disorders cause behaviors that are disruptive to the class and interfere with the teacher’s flow of the day. Internalizing disorders like anxiety and mood disorders cause inward distress, and are less likely to affect the classroom. For example, we treat kids who are highly perfectionistic and afraid of making mistakes. They’re at school every day, handing in perfect assignments, which can be positively perceived by teachers and school staff. But, that can actually be driven by a significant underlying anxiety, one that doesn’t call out for a need for help. As another example, a student with social anxiety or selective mutism might struggle to participate or speak in class. While those are signs of impairment, they can still be easy to overlook because they are not disruptive in nature.

The Brink: Is there a fear that those students could fall through the cracks, because it’s not behavior that is disrupting the classroom?

Farley: Absolutely. With school refusal, it’s common to see that schools will start intervening and making plans when it gets to the point that there is concern about educational neglect. Then measures and steps that need to be taken can seem quite punitive to families. I have worked with kids who have gone to court because they’ve missed too many days of school. But that’s not addressing the underlying problem.

The Brink: How would you like to see schools improve the way students are supported?

Farley: I would wish for greater awareness of what anxiety looks like and the ways that it can interfere. Anxiety can actually be really impairing and prevent a child from reaching their potential in a range of ways. I’d like to see more training on how to identify signs of anxiety for both families and school staff. There’s a lot of misidentification and misunderstanding of anxiety disorders that, until a child is not showing up for school, can cause them to be overlooked. Teachers are often well-positioned to identify a mental health concern. To address this, we have made efforts to support them, such as through the development of online trainings designed in our team’s collaboration with Jennifer Greif Green , a professor in special education and a child clinical psychologist at BU’s Wheelock College of Education & Human Development. The training helps with identifying the different signs that a child might be struggling with their mental health and how to check in with the child in an effective and supportive way—and also how to refer them to school- or community-based mental health services if needed.

The Brink: Is there similar training for parents and caregivers who have a child struggling with anxiety?

Farley: That’s something I would like to develop. At the clinic, we provide parents with education around ways they interact with their child, so that they can be more effective in helping their child overcome anxiety. And it’s oftentimes not intuitive. Maybe they’re providing their child with a lot of reassurance all the time, or they’re jumping in whenever they see their child starting to feel a little bit anxious, or they’re saving them from hard situations or allowing them to avoid them. We call those the “parent traps,” since that is what parents often naturally do when they have the very best intentions. It’s in the effort to protect your child and can be helpful in the short run, but it can maintain and exacerbate anxiety in the long run.

The Brink: If you were to give general tips for parents and caregivers, what would they be?

Farley: Acknowledge your child’s feelings and express confidence in their ability to do hard things. There can be a tendency to minimize anxiety by saying things like, “Oh it’s going to be so easy, nothing to worry about, relax it’s fine”—but that language doesn’t really help. We encourage parents to label their child’s feelings, empathize with their emotions, and provide encouragement. You might say, “I can tell that you’re feeling really scared and I get it. I know that this is really hard. But you’ve got this. You can do it.”  I would also say, help your child to challenge their own anxious thoughts. Support your child in gradually facing their fears. Notice and praise instances of bravery, and practice modeling bravery—kids pick up on all their parents’ cues!

This interview has been edited for length and clarity.

Student Health Services has resources available for any BU student seeking support; BU’s Faculty & Staff Assistance Office is available for employees and their family members to access help with work and life challenges.

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Jessica Colarossi is a science writer for The Brink . She graduated with a BS in journalism from Emerson College in 2016, with focuses on environmental studies and publishing. While a student, she interned at ThinkProgress in Washington, D.C., where she wrote over 30 stories, most of them relating to climate change, coral reefs, and women’s health. Profile

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Microsoft 365 Life Hacks > Everyday AI > Write your next book with AI help

Write your next book with AI help

Have a book idea that you’ve been putting off writing? Whether you’re looking to start your first book or need a helping hand with your tenth, learn how to use AI as your book-writing helper to get your words out to the world.

Overcome writer’s block

For many writers, there are those days we’re on fire and transferring the voice and words in our heads to real, written text is as easy as pie. On other days, it can be hard to muster a string of words. If you run into writer’s block while writing your book, turn to an AI companion like Copilot for help getting unstuck.

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Title generation

If you’re struggling to find a fitting name for your book, use AI to help brainstorm fitting title ideas based on what your project is about. Feed the AI a synopsis (general summary) by dropping it in your chat and ask, “What would be a fitting title for my book based on my synopsis?” Or, if you already have an existing book title, but you’re not too fond of it or think it could be enhanced, ask AI what it thinks of a title. Provide as much context into your book as feasible so AI generates title ideas that frame your book the way you want.

Completing scenes and chapters

Need ideas or more direction to complete a scene or chapter in your book? Let AI suggest a way forward. For example, if you’re writing a turning point in your book, get AI suggestions for dialogue and potential plot twists . Try sharing the setting, main conflict, and emotions you want to portray in your book and ask AI something like, “Can you suggest dialogue, emotional responses, or plot twists that would enhance this scene?”

Whether you’re writing nonfiction or a fantasy series, research gives your book a strong foundation and authenticity. Solid research creates verisimilitude (making your texts more believable, notably fiction), well-rounded characters, and a more compelling and coherent storyline. Use AI for research help with these book elements:

AI can be a great resource for writing three-dimensional characters with depth. Start by describing the current characters you have in mind. List their personality traits, backgrounds, and story roles (protagonist, antagonist , supporting character) in your AI prompt. Then, ask for suggestions on how you can deepen your characters’ development, such as portraying their inner motivations, values, and relationships with other characters. Try doing AI character research with questions like, “Based on this character’s profile, how do you think they would react under high-pressure situations?”

Time periods

If your book takes place in a certain time period, you’ll want a strong research foundation rooted in fact. Turn to AI to gather information on historical events, societal norms, fashion, technology, and language from a particular era. Let’s say you’re working on a book that takes place during the Regency era. You can prompt AI with questions like, “What were common social customs and class structures during the Regency period in London?” or “Tell me about popular architecture and fashion styles during the Regency era in London, and provide resources to continue my research.”

Some worlds we want to recreate require a strong foundation in science to make them believable. If you’re working on a science fiction novel, start by telling AI the scientific elements involved in your world-building, whether your novel takes place on a made-up exoplanet or a dystopian society that extends far into the future. For example, if you’re writing the former, you could ask, “What scientific challenges would a human colony face on an exoplanet that resembles Earth, but has twice the gravity?”

Editing, proofreading, and feedback

Once you’ve got your manuscript down, use AI to help edit, catch mistakes, and give in-depth feedback on the quality of your book. Run your manuscript through AI to identify grammatical errors or awkward phrasing by feeding parts of it into a prompt for AI book editing analysis. You might say, “Review my manuscript for grammatical and syntax errors, awkward phrasing, and redundancies.” Get in-depth feedback on parts of your manuscript and ask questions like, “Does this scene or chapter end too abruptly? How can I fix it?” or “Can you suggest ways to make this dialogue flow more naturally?”

Ready to get to work with AI book-writing help? Head on over to Copilot or read more tips on ways to use AI in everyday life .

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