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College of Nursing

Bsn for transfer students, quick facts heading link copy link.

UIC Nursing's traditional BSN program is Illinois' top undergraduate nursing program Heading link Copy link

The traditional bsn program incorporates face-to-face instruction and hands-on learning.

A BSN degree from UIC will provide you with the strongest possible foundation for a fulfilling career as a nurse—one of the fastest growing and most trusted professions in the U.S. Here at UIC, you’ll learn from some of the nation’s foremost nursing leaders and be supported by energetic and engaged peers.

Admission: Fall only

To be admitted as a transfer student to the traditional BSN program, students must have already completed 57 credit hours of college-level coursework. Once admitting to the College of Nursing, students complete the program over four full-time semesters (no summers), and after graduation, they are eligible to sit for the RN licensure exam.

The traditional BSN program is offered at our campuses in Chicago , Springfield and Urbana .

Application deadline is January 15

Highlights for bsn students heading link copy link.

• It's an honor The UIC Honors College is an option for undergraduate students motivated to engage in the many learning opportunities offered at UIC.
• Imagine the days ahead See a sample course schedule for BSN students
• Take the plunge Graduating BSN student celebrate graduation by continuing a UIC Nursing tradition—the Senior Pool jump.

At the bedside: Learn about clinical rotations

Learning is active here Heading link Copy link

Academic advising, peer mentoring, student organizations and resources to help students land that dream job are just some of the ways UIC College of Nursing engages its energetic, inquisitive and productive student body.

What people say Heading link Copy link

“UIC Nursing’s emphasis on community, coupled with its challenging curriculum, aligns perfectly with my aspirations, making it the ideal institution for my nursing education.” Asma Muza  |  BSN '24

Our professors set aside extra time to hold review sessions or talk to students after class because they wanted to see us succeed. They always found ways to keep us engaged in the simulation lab, with hands-on practice, and by sharing their own experiences as nurses. These moments made the content more understandable and made me enjoy my time at UIC Nursing. Marissa Oliveros  |  BSN '24

UIC provides numerous opportunities for me to actively engage in the community as a future nurse, while also offering tremendous opportunities for research experience. The faculty and staff at UIC have consistently been there for me, providing unwavering support, and I truly appreciate the sense of community that I feel here. Joy Shin  |  BSN '24

In addition to being challenged academically, I’ve been rewarded in many ways — the staff, the friends, the lessons, and the strength I have gained make it all worthwhile. Gail Monique Talavera  |  Expected graduation, May 2025

My favorite thing about UIC Nursing is the guidance and passion that the faculty members have for our education. The rigor of this program is no surprise, but the professors’ commitment to witnessing you succeed is really heartwarming. Having somebody, or a system, that supports students makes a different in our lives! Tierra (Ti) Floyd  |  Expected graduation, May 2025

Meet UIC Nursing BSN students

Three uic nursing campuses offer the bsn program heading link copy link.

• Springfield

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• Check icon Apply now
• Calendar icon Attend an info session
• Envelope icon Ask a specific question

Contact the director Heading link Copy link

Need to reach the director of the traditional bsn program contact amy johnson, phd, rn ., need more information heading link copy link.

Submit this form and an enrollment advisor will contact you to answer your questions.

Submit this form and an Enrollment Advisor will contact you to answer your questions. Heading link Copy link

Applynow.uic.edu heading link copy link.

Transforming the understanding and treatment of mental illnesses.

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• Sunday, September 1

UTRGV I-Corps Program Fall 2024 Application

Sunday, September 1, 2024 8am to 12am

• Monday, September 2, 2024 8am to 12am
• Tuesday, September 3, 2024 8am to 12am
• Wednesday, September 4, 2024 8am to 12am
• Thursday, September 5, 2024 8am to 12am
• Friday, September 6, 2024 8am to 12am
• Saturday, September 7, 2024 8am to 12am
• Sunday, September 8, 2024 8am to 12am
• Monday, September 9, 2024 8am to 12am
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About this Event

The National Science Foundation (NSF) has established the Innovation Corps - National Innovation Network Teams Program (I-Corps Teams). The NSF I-Corps Teams Program purpose is to identify NSF-funded researchers who will receive additional support in the form of entrepreneurial education, mentoring and funding to accelerate innovation that can attract subsequent third-party funding. This will facilitate the application of scientific discoveries into technologies and products that eventually benefit society.

Timeline:    

• Thursday, August 1, 2024 : Application Opens 
• Wednesday, September 18, 2024 : Application Closes
• Thursday, September 19, 2024 : Notification of Selected Participants
• 1:00 - 2:00 pm via Zoom 
• Kickoff Workshop/ Class 1: 9:00 am - 1:30 pm 
• Welcome Reception: 6:00 pm - 7:30 pm
• Class 2: 8:30 am - 12:00pm
• Get out of the building: 1:00pm - 5:30pm 
• I-Corps Office Hours: 6:00 pm
• Get out of the building: All Day 
• Class 3: 8:00 am - 12:00 pm 
• Traveling back home: Afternoon
• Thursday, October 24, 2024 : In-person I-Corps Closing Session in Weslaco, TX 
• 9:00 am - 1:00pm

I-Corps is an intensive NSF program designed to enable scientists and engineers to identify paths-to-market for inventions. Central to the program is the validation of commercialization hypotheses through a process of customer discovery. I-Corps training is delivered through National and Regional programs.

If you're interested in commercializing your technologies, generating grants, and aligning your research agendas with the marketplace, then you might be interested in the NSF funded I-Corps program.

Why should I consider participating?

Grants : National I-Corps teams are awarded a $50,000 NSF grant.  I-Corps positions teams well to receive SBIR and STTR grants.

Commercialization : I-Corps is designed to maximize the likelihood of commercial success.

Research : I-Corps helps align research agendas with the marketplace.

What is an I-Corps team?

Teams are typically comprised of three members:

Principal Investigator (PI): researcher, inventor, idea-holder

Entrepreneurial Lead (EL): grad student, post doc, or community entrepreneur

Industry Mentor (IM): experienced businessperson

Are there eligibility requirements?

For National I-Corps, PI's must have NSF funding within the last 5 years in the field related to the opportunity. Apply to National I-Corps

Anyone can apply for Regional I-Corps programs. Certified instructors have the discretion to grant an endorsement into National I-Corps if the team performs above and beyond the expectations of the program.

How are National and Regional I-Corps programs run?

The National I-Corps program is an intensive seven week program with heavy emphasis on interviewing customers. National teams are required to attend an opening (3 day) and closing (2 day) workshop at a national I-Corps Node location designated by the NSF. The national program also requires 5 weekly WebEx sessions with instructors.

Regional programs (either 3 days or 2 weeks) provide condensed overview of the National program.

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• Programs Listing
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• Quinnipiac Today
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Science Faculty Research Presentations

Starts September 20, 2024 at 1:00 PM (ET)

Ends September 20, 2024 at 5:00 PM (ET)

Location Echlin Center EC 202 Perlroth Boardroom

Event Details

• If you have any questions, contact Mirrione, Martine M: [email protected]

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• Stanford University

Thursday, February 6, 2025

Political Economics of Environmental Sustainability Conference

• Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability

Stanford Graduate School of Business

• Friday, February 7, 2025 PT

This event is open to: Faculty Staff

Request disability accommodations and access info

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Event Details:

This conference will showcase the research at the intersection of politics and the environment because progress on environmental sustainability requires understanding politics.

Passing laws that lower emissions, creating incentives for technological innovation, and striking alliances and treaties across countries all require political agreements. Through empirical and theoretical research, we seek to understand political institutions and political actors, and how issues of sustainability evolve within political systems.

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University of California, Riverside

Events Calendar

• UC Riverside
• Saturday, September 21

Bee Health Conference 2024

Saturday, September 21, 2024 9am to 5:40pm

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About this Event

Highlander Union Building

The Center for Integrative Bee Research invites beekeepers and interested members of the public to participate in its annual bee health conference. We expect 120 people, mostly from the Southern Californinan beekeeping clubs, as well as scientists working on bees or developing advanced tools to support beekeepers. 

During the morning we will showcase our research in short talks, in the afternoon we will hold a  workshop where we discuss forming a collaborative umbrella organization for all the SoCal beekeeping clubs. The idea is to develop collaborative strategies for best beekeeping practices and a breeding program for Southern California, as well as a lobby to promote responsible beekeeping.

This event is free and open to the public.

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• Northern Illinois University
• Thursday, September 12

2024 Lincoln Lecture - A discussion with award-winning author Clint Smith

Thursday, September 12, 2024 7:30 PM

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About this Event

595 College Ave, DeKalb, IL 60115

This conversation, moderated by Christina Abreu, Director of the Center for Latino and Latin American Studies, draws on Smith’s 2021 book , How the Word Is Passed: A Reckoning with the History of Slavery Across America, which was a #1 New York Times bestseller, winner of the National Book Critics Circle Award for Nonfiction and selected by the New York Times as one of the 10 best books of 2021.

Smith’s bestselling books include  How the Word Is Passed , which  Publishers Weekly  called “an essential consideration of how America’s past informs its present.” It has won numerous awards, including the National Book Critics Circle Award for Nonfiction, and was named one of the best books of the year by  TIME ,  The New York Times ,  The Economist and  The Washington Post .

His latest book,  Above Ground , was named to  TIME  magazine’s 100 Must-Read Books and  NPR ‘s Books We Love. Smith’s first book,  Counting Descent , won the 2017 Literary Award for Best Poetry Book from the Black Caucus of the American Library Association and was a finalist for an NAACP Image Award. In his forthcoming book,  Just Beneath the Soil , he will explore the little-known stories behind World War II sites and discuss how they shape our collective memory of the war.

His essays, poems, and scholarly writing have been published in The New Yorker, The New York Times Magazine , The New Republic, Poetry Magazine, The Paris Review, the Harvard Educational Review and elsewhere. He is a staff writer at The Atlantic .

The W. Bruce Lincoln Endowed Lecture Series brings to campus distinguished scholars who address topics of interest to both the academic community and the general public. The lectures engage key issues and are often interdisciplinary, in the spirit of Professor Lincoln’s research, writing and teaching.

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Anne Hanley

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[email protected]

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Back to School 2024

Inside uc’s strategic growth, co-op’s impact and what’s new on campus.

The University of Cincinnati anticipates record enrollment as classes begin Monday, Aug. 26, with a projected 52,000 students — a 2.1% increase over last year.

Growth continues, bolstered by the university’s strategy to attract more online learners, transfer and first-generation students and students on UC’s regional campuses at Blue Ash and Clermont.

“Students are continuing to see UC as the smart choice because of our strong commitment to academic excellence, access and inclusion and affordability,” explains Jack Miner, vice provost of enrollment management. “We are leaning into our partnerships with area high schools to make the pathway to higher education a reality.”

Online students will increase by 11% to 9,300 students, while new transfer student enrollment has increased by 6% to 2,000 students. UC Clermont projects enrollment is up 16% with more than 3,000 students; UC Blue Ash is expected to reach 4,500 students, a 6.5% gain over last year.

Student Orientation Leaders take in the attractions of downtown Cincinnati. Photo/Andrew Higley/UC Marketing + Brand

First-year student enrollment at the university will dip slightly by 1.8% with 8,700 students expected this fall compared to last year’s record of 8,869 first-year students.

“UC’s focus overall this year has been to be a destination for students who want to complete their degree, especially those working adults who are going back to school after some years away,” says Miner. “For example, our average age for new transfer students is 27 years old, and 30 years old for those starting online.”

UC is seeing major growth in its College Credit Plus program, established to enhance high school students’ college readiness by enabling them to take college-level courses before graduating high school. The move is designed to reduce tuition costs and to make college more affordable, allowing students to use those credits at UC or another institution of higher learning if they choose.

Enrollment in the College Credit Plus program has jumped to over 3,000 students, compared to 2,300 students last fall. 

“We certainly want those students to become full-time Bearcats after high school graduation, but we are excited to see these young leaders obtain a higher ed degree regardless of where they go at the end of the day,” says Miner.

Bearcats by the numbers

UC’s student body is a bit older, more diverse and embracing online learning.

“I’m thrilled to welcome UC students to campus for our 205th academic year,” says UC President Neville G. Pinto. “As faculty, staff and administrators, we strive to live up to the promise of ‘Next Lives Here,’ our strategic direction. That means we will ensure the next generation of citizen-leaders on our campus are educated with the knowledge, skills and values that will secure our collective future.”

Read more from the president.

A snapshot of UC's student body

Students celebrating Holi on campus. Photo/Andrew Higley/UC Marketing + Brand

Growing enrollment over the years

Co-op student at Kinetic Vision in Cincinnati. Photo/Andrew Higley/UC Marketing + Brand

Co-op's $88.8 million impact

As the global founder of cooperative education, UC offers students the opportunity to rotate semesters in the classroom with time spent working in their chosen field. These co-ops and internships are paid, which provides a major economic advantage.

In the 2023-24 academic year, more than 8,300 students at UC earned a collective $88.8 million through paid co-op experiences, according to self-reported data. That averages to nearly $10,700 per student per semester.

“The cost of higher education is significant,” says Annie Straka, associate dean in UC’s College of Cooperative Education and Professional Studies. “The UC co-op model centers around connecting students with meaningful experiences that allow them to earn while they are in school and offset the cost of their education.”

For students and families, co-op means job security and an increased value of a degree.

“My parents love the idea of co-op because it puts you closer to having a full-time job,” says Andrew Matthews , CEAS student and Turner Construction co-op. “They also love that I am making money and doing it as I learn within the company about construction management.”

Read more about co-op’s economic impact.  

Andrew Matthews outside the College of Engineering and Applied Science. Photo/Andrew Higley/UC Marketing + Brand

What's new at UC

UC welcomes four new college deans this fall. Leadership includes:

• Lisa Huffman , PhD, College of Education Criminal Justice and Human Services
• Peter Jutras , PhD, College-Conservatory of Music
• Gregory Postel , MD, College of Medicine
• Alicia Ribar , PhD, College of Nursing

Charity Accurso was named dean of the College of Allied Health Sciences in March.

Khalid Davis and Madison Wesley | Photo/provided

Fall semester also means new leadership in student government. Meet your student body leaders,  Madison Wesley and Khalid Davis . 

Student Body President Wesley, a fourth-year medical sciences student, is a passionate spokesperson for all things that boost students' well-being during their time as undergraduates. She joins Vice President Davis, a fourth-year finance/management major, to push for policies they say advocate for students at all UC campuses, connect them to resources and elevate existing campus services.

“Madison and I are in 100% for each and every Bearcat,” says Davis. “Our door is always wide open for any conversations or questions. We are all in, so don’t be afraid to reach out.”

The duo ran a winning campaign this past spring on the slogan ACE: Advocate, Connect and Elevate.  Read more about them and their goals for this year.

Spaces and services

After 18 months of renovations, a renovated Siddall Hall   opened earlier this month, offering 500 beds on 12 floors of residence space. The 112,000-square-foot building boasts new amenities including a 5,000-square-foot fitness area, lounge space and a common laundry and kitchenette. The renovation follows a two-year upgrade to adjacent Calhoun Hall, which reopened in January 2023.  

The newly renovated Siddall Hall is home to around 500 students. Photo/Andrew Higley/UC Marketing + Brand

The new Bearcat Bench located on UC’s MainStreet is quickly becoming a favorite spot for a photo.  Read the story behind the spirited memorial.

The gateway to UC is sporting a new look. The old College of Law building near the intersection of Straight Street/Clifton Avenue was demolished over the summer and restoration of the site into green space will continue into the fall.

In June, the University of Cincinnati Cancer Center inaugurated its state-of-the-art  Blood Cancer Healing Center , celebrating the beginning of clinical services in the facility, while additional research spaces are scheduled to open throughout 2024 and into 2025. It is the only blood cancer center in the nation where patients can access all their care — inpatient and outpatient, survivorship, integrative medicine, spiritual care, bench-to-bedside research and more — in one accessible building.

Old Chem is getting a makeover. Crews are working on a full renovation of the original 1917 portion of the structure facing the Herman Schneider Quadrangle. The facility will contain 205,000 square feet of future-forward academic and research space supporting the College of Arts and Sciences and the College of Engineering. A beam will be made available for students, faculty and staff to sign on the new concrete between Zimmer Roof and the northwest corner of Baldwin Hall, 7 a.m.-3 p.m., Aug. 28-29, and the morning of Aug. 30. A topping out ceremony will take place at 1 p.m., Friday, Aug. 30.

Crews are moving right along with construction of UC’s new $134 million Indoor Practice Facility and Performance Center located at the corner of Jefferson Avenue and Corry Boulevard. The building will house an indoor football practice field along with  strength and conditioning spaces, daily-use locker rooms, physical therapy, offices and more.  

Stay safe + well

Cincinnati Mayor Aftab Pureval joined UC President Neville Pinto on campus to address some important messages about safety, wellness, awareness and overall well-being.  Watch now  and  find resources .

Courses and programs

Taylor Swift's Eras Tour may start to wind down this fall, but UC classes themed around the pop culture icon have ramped up. 

This fall, the College of Arts and Sciences added two new in-person Swift-related courses: an English class, “Topics in Writing Studies,” and a philosophy class, “Philosophy: Taylor’s Version.” Like true Swifties, philosophy faculty made friendship bracelets to welcome students and have their own instagram:  @‌ucphilosophytv

For the third semester in a row the College-Conservatory of Music offered two sections of an online class, “Topics in Popular Music: Taylor Swift.” The classes focus on the entirety of Swift’s musical career and how her lyrics apply traditional poetic themes, such as love and heartbreak, to modern society.

New this year from the Carl H. Lindner College of Business is an  Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Business  graduate certificate, teaching students how to leverage AI platforms for developing solutions to business problems.

Students of all backgrounds and levels of experience can enroll in Intro to Public Art , a groundbreaking course from UC's College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning (DAAP) promising a hands-on exploration into the creation of public art. Students will not only gain insights into the behind-the-scenes work of one of the world’s most exciting light and art festivals, Blink Cincinnati , but also learn the real-life business of mural making from start to finish while engaging with nearby communities and partners.  

Students can game at UC's Esports lab. Photo/Andrew Higley/UC Marketing + Brand

Regional campuses roll out the welcome mat

UC Blue Ash College and UC Clermont College are both vibrant communities that give students the Bearcat experience in-person or online. 

Regional campus enrollment is benefiting as more families are considering this option as college financial aid for some households became tougher to acquire as delays associated with the federal Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) form slowed higher ed plans for students nationwide.

“Our regional campuses are a great economical option for students who want to further their education,” says Miner.

Enrollment is up at both campuses this year 6.5% for UC Blue Ash and 16% for UC Clermont.

UC Blue Ash is the most diverse college within the university, with students coming from across the Tri-State as well as more than 40 international countries. It is expanding its career services offerings with over 180 employer partnerships that support a record number of paid internships and co-ops for students. The college is also adding to its curriculum with new degree and certificate programs, as well as micro-credential courses that offer short, focused learning experiences designed to provide in-demand skills.

UC Clermont now boasts students from all 50 states and overseas, thanks to a growing slate of online programs and innovative in-person and hybrid offerings. More than 60% of the regional college’s students are enrolled in 100% online programs. Clermont has been a leader in the online education space with 15 undergraduate degrees and seven certificates offered completely online. The college will launch several new academic programs to add to the more than 60 career- and transfer-oriented offerings already available.

Become a Bearcat

Whether you’re a first-generation student or from a family of Bearcats, UC is proud to support you at every step along your journey. We want to make sure you succeed — and feel right at home.

Additional credits

Featured video at top: Andrew Higley Photos: Andrew Higley, unless otherwise noted Digital design: Kerry Overstake UC Marketing + Communications

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Biden Approved Secret Nuclear Strategy Refocusing on Chinese Threat

In a classified document approved in March, the president ordered U.S. forces to prepare for possible coordinated nuclear confrontations with Russia, China and North Korea.

By David E. Sanger

David E. Sanger has written about American nuclear strategy for The New York Times for nearly four decades.

President Biden approved in March a highly classified nuclear strategic plan for the United States that, for the first time, reorients America’s deterrent strategy to focus on China’s rapid expansion in its nuclear arsenal.

The shift comes as the Pentagon believes China’s stockpiles will rival the size and diversity of the United States’ and Russia’s over the next decade.

The White House never announced that Mr. Biden had approved the revised strategy, called the “Nuclear Employment Guidance,” which also newly seeks to prepare the United States for possible coordinated nuclear challenges from China, Russia and North Korea. The document, updated every four years or so, is so highly classified that there are no electronic copies, only a small number of hard copies distributed to a few national security officials and Pentagon commanders.

But in recent speeches, two senior administration officials were allowed to allude to the change — in carefully constrained, single sentences — ahead of a more detailed, unclassified notification to Congress expected before Mr. Biden leaves office.

“The president recently issued updated nuclear-weapons employment guidance to account for multiple nuclear-armed adversaries,” Vipin Narang, an M.I.T. nuclear strategist who served in the Pentagon, said earlier this month before returning to academia. “And in particular,” he added, the weapons guidance accounted for “the significant increase in the size and diversity” of China’s nuclear arsenal.

In June, the National Security Council’s senior director for arms control and nonproliferation, Pranay Vaddi, also referred to the document , the first to examine in detail whether the United States is prepared to respond to nuclear crises that break out simultaneously or sequentially, with a combination of nuclear and nonnuclear weapons.

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Online SoECAT Guidance

Published: 19 April 2022

Version: 1.1 March 2023

Completing a SoECAT

Guidance for the completion of the SoECAT by the applicant is present in the online tool to assist at each page and stage of the application process.

There is also an  Online SoECAT Guidance Module which includes video tutorials and linked resources (an NIHR Learn account is required to access and enrol onto the module) and some helpful user role infographics:

• Study Representative - Online SoECAT Top Tips  (Infogram)
• AcoRD Specialist - Online SoECAT Top Tips (Infogram)

In order to create a SoECAT, you will need to create an account in the NIHR  Central Portfolio Management System (CPMS) and follow the "Apply for a service for a new study" pathway. If any assistance is required in creating the account, please refer to our user guide . Once your account has been created and is active, you can proceed.

Guidance and Supporting Information

Download SoECAT tariff data 2024 to 2025 v1  (Excel sheet)

Where can I get more advice or support?

AcoRD Specialists at NIHR Local Clinical Research Networks (LCRNs) are available to support researchers, their teams and Sponsors in completing and authorising the completed SoECAT. Further information about AcoRD attribution support can be found on our What is AcoRD? page . To get in touch with an AcoRD specialist, contact the Lead LCRN  for the study (usually the LCRN where the lead investigator/lead site is based).

The purpose of SoECAT

The Schedule of Events Cost Attribution Tool (SoECAT) is a tool for use with non-commercial research studies in the four UK nations. Its primary purpose is to ensure that site-level costs (*1) are appropriately attributed according to AcoRD (*2) principles at the time of application for research funding and hence to ensure that site-level Research Costs are met via that funding. It also has several other roles and functions:

• SoECAT functions as a cost attribution template but is not intended as a study costing tool;
• If completed at the research funding application stage, it should also form part of the  IRAS application document set where the research is to take place in or through the NHS or Health and Social Care (HSC);
• If submitted in IRAS, as above, it should form part of the UK Local Information Pack , that the sponsor or their authorised delegate shares with participating NHS/HSC organisations to support the arranging of local capacity and capability (England, Northern Ireland and/or Wales) or the issuing of NHS Management Permission (Scotland);
• It provides the  Excess Treatment Cost (ETC) per participant value, which in some UK nations informs ETC processes as per the  nation-specific ETC processes  section.

In forming part of the submission package for research funding the SoECAT introduces greater consistency and streamlining across the funding, planning and site set-up stages of a project.

(*1) By ‘site-level’ we refer to activities associated with the delivery of the research at site, i.e. excluding activities relating to study design and/or management, which we refer to as ‘sponsor-level’ and are outside of the scope of SoECAT (*2)  Attributing the costs of health and social care Research and Development guidance provides a framework for the NHS and its partners to identify, recover and attribute the costs of health and social care R&D (AcoRD), in a transparent, and consistent way. It makes clear the distinction between the 3 costs: research costs, NHS support costs and treatment costs and describes how these costs should be met.

SoECAT at research funding application stage

SoECAT is a cost attribution template designed to support correct cost attribution at application for research cost funding, to ensure that full site-level research costs are recovered. There are activities in addition to the site level activities that in many cases would also need to be included in the application for research cost funding (e.g. centrally incurred costs associated with management, monitoring etc.). SoECAT will not normally reflect all activities that are included within an application for research cost funding.

As SoECAT is based on a schedule of events and hence a participant pathway, it does not reflect the usual annual expenditure format of research cost funding applications. It also assumes that every participant will complete their allotted pathway.

The values generated by SoECAT use the baseline costing methodology from the NIHR CRN interactive Costing Tool (iCT) i.e. values before any commercialisation is added. These are average values that have been generated from data submitted by NHS providers and are reviewed on an ongoing basis. As with the iCT, it is not expected that a single template value will reflect the exact costs at each NHS commissioned provider/site.

It would be unusual for the summary figures generated by SoECAT to closely reflect those in the research cost funding application or in the final grant or award. For these and other reasons, SoECAT should not be used as a costing tool; other methods should be used to calculate the costs to be included in applications for research cost funding.

The SoECAT generates values using a consistent methodology that enables funders to make cost comparisons between similar studies. The SoECAT generates three values (as defined by AcoRD):

• The Excess Treatment Cost (ETC) value , which is an indication of the potential overall ETC value of the study. The  nation-specific ETC processes section sets how each of the four UK nations use this information.
• The NHS support cost value , which is an indication of the potential overall NHS support costs (or their equivalent in a social care setting) that the study might need. This value is used to help funders determine the overall value for money of the study and may be used to help inform timing and provision of resources to undertake these support activities. The values generated do not represent the cost value of the NHS support that will be provided to the study in any UK nation.
• The site-level research cost value , which is unlikely to be the total research cost of the study. This value provides an indication of site-level research costs, which are one element of the total research costs required to deliver the study. Funder application forms are designed to include all the research costs of the study and activities included in the SoECAT should help inform completion of the funder’s application form (but do not have to be the same, if applicants deem their costs to be different).

SoECATs must be authorised by an  AcoRD Specialist prior to submission for Research Cost funding. The SoECAT thereby helps to ensure that Research Cost funding decisions do not need to be revisited because of activity omissions or incorrect attribution. To get in touch with an AcoRD Specialist, contact the  lead NIHR LCRN for the study (usually the LCRN where the lead investigator/lead site is based). Please allow a minimum of 10 working days for authorisation of a SoECAT by an AcoRD Specialist. For studies led by Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland please see the Nation Specific ETC Processes section.

When is a SoECAT required?

A SoECAT is required by NIHR and NIHR Non-commercial Partner research funders where the call relates to studies that may involve participants under an NHS or Health and Social Care duty of care. Applicants should follow the instructions of each funder, for that funding call:

• If your study is funded by an NIHR infrastructure award where the NHS Support Costs are covered but the ETCs are not, you may need to complete a SoECAT to access the ETC process for England.

A single SoECAT should be completed for the Research Cost funding application for any non-commercial study intended for the NIHR CRN Portfolio, even where the funder is not NIHR or an NIHR Non-commercial Partner (i.e. where an application for CRN support and inclusion on the NIHR CRN Portfolio will be made). If you feel that your study should have multiple SoECATs (maybe due to multiple standards of routine care) then please contact your local  AcoRD Specialist in the first instance to check that this is appropriate.

A SoECAT should be completed for the research cost funding application for any non-commercial study eligible for NHS support cost (or their equivalent in a social care setting) or ETC support in Northern Ireland, Scotland or Wales, even where the funder is not NIHR or an NIHR non-commercial partner and even where there are no sites in England.

Where a research cost funding application has an outline and second stage, the SoECAT should be submitted at the second final stage.

If in any doubt as to the requirement for a SoECAT at research cost funding application stage please consult the guidance provided by the research funder, contact the funder to discuss and/or contact your local AcoRD specialist. In many cases, the guidance for the application will be explicit, e.g. for NIHR and NIHR non-commercial partner funders. In other cases, the funder itself may not require the SoECAT but your local AcoRD specialist will be able to advise as to whether one should be submitted anyway, e.g. where NHS support costs (or their equivalent in a social care setting) or ETCs have been identified.

Some funding calls may attract both applications for studies that require SoECAT completion and applications for studies where SoECAT completion is unnecessary. In these circumstances, the SoECAT should be completed and submitted where the initial questions in the tool determine this is a requirement. Some NHS funders may determine that applications for a specific call will not require a SoECAT because none of them will require ETC or NHS support cost funding (e.g. funding calls for research not involving human participants). These funders will make this clear in the call guidance.

SoECATs should also be completed for applications for research awards that fund a programme of activity such as NIHR programme grants for applied research. Completion should be based on information available at the time of the application. Due to the nature of programme grant awards, study-specific SoECATs may be required once research studies being undertaken as part of the programme grant award have been defined – i.e. at the point of IRAS application.

Studies that are amended as a result of research funding panel decisions will need their SoECAT updated accordingly, including AcoRD specialist sign off.

All SoECATs, whether submitted for research cost funding or in IRAS, need to first be authorised by a designated AcoRD specialist from the lead nation. For cross-border studies, a SoECAT will only need to be authorised once and will be accepted where relevant in each UK nation involved in the study.

SoECAT is not used for commercial contract research studies. There is an  iCT for commercial studies.

SoECAT at IRAS application stage

If a SoECAT has been submitted for the Research Cost funding application, it should also form part of the IRAS Form application.

Applicants who have not submitted a SoECAT in application for their Research Funding may continue to submit an  IRAS Schedule of Events in their IRAS submission. Applicants for studies intended for inclusion in one of the UK research network portfolios are however encouraged to discuss this in advance with their local AcoRD Specialist . The AcoRD Specialist will be able to advise whether completion of a SoECAT will be required to access funding for ETCs.

One SoECAT HRA export file (downloaded ‘in system’ from the dashboard) should be submitted per outline  organisation information document .

The activities in each SoECAT HRA export file should indicate the activities to be undertaken by the organisation with which that organisation information document and SoECAT HRA export file are to be shared (e.g. activities related to recruitment and treatment should be deleted from the SoECAT HRA export file intended for the organisations only undertaking follow-up). Activities not relevant to certain sites should be deleted from a SoECAT HRA export file without re-authorisation of that SoECAT by an AcoRD specialist. Activities should not be added, nor should attribution be modified, subsequent to authorisation by an AcoRD specialist. If such modification is required, the SoECAT should be re-authorised prior to IRAS submission.

SoECAT as part of the UK local information pack

Where a SoECAT HRA export file has been submitted as part of the IRAS application this will also form part of the  UK local information pack to be shared with participating NHS/HSC organisations.

The UK local information pack should include the SoECAT HRA export file relevant to the organisation with which it is shared (e.g. organisations only undertaking follow up should be provided with the SoECAT HRA export file that includes only follow up activities).

If an IRAS application consisted of only one outline organisation information document and SoECAT HRA export file (as would be the case where all participating NHS organisations were expected to be undertaking the same activity) but the sponsor now intends to open organisations undertaking a subset of the overall site-level activities, (e.g. sites are being added that will undertake only follow-up activities) an appropriately modified SoECAT HRA export file should be provided to the national coordinating function of the lead UK nation as per guidance on non-substantial amendments. Similarly, if the original submission reflected more than one site type but additional site types are being added, additional SoECAT HRA export files should be submitted in accordance with the amendment process to reflect the new site type/s. Unless activities are added, or attributions modified, additional AcoRD specialist authorisation is not required.

Up to two amendments can be made to a study without submitting a revised SoECAT HRA export file , as long as the changes have no impact on ETCs, but upon a third amendment, excluding amendments to add sites/PICs, a revised and re-authorised SoECAT HRA export file should be submitted to ensure that the SoECAT HRA export file maintains alignment with the study. If the sponsor intends to amend the study in such a way that the ETC activities described in the SoECAT HRA export file submitted in IRAS are changed, a revised and re-authorised SoECAT/s should be submitted with the amendment.

Nation Specific ETC Processes

Although use of the SoECAT in application for Research Cost funding, as well as inclusion in both the IRAS application and the UK Local Information Pack, are common to all four UK nations, there are a number of nation specific differences relevant to SoECAT and these are set out below:

For non-commercial studies on the NIHR CRN Portfolio,  the ETC figure generated by the SoECAT is used for the NHS E/I and NIHR CRN processes for recognising and recompensing ETCs.

• For studies where Integrated Care Boards are the primary responsible commissioners for funding ETCs, the ETC figure used to recompense providers is the one generated by the SoECAT.
• For studies where specialised commissioning is the primary responsible commissioner, an additional financial assurance process is required for funded applications to determine the net ETC funding that providers will require, to ensure there is no duplication of payments for activity likely to already be chargeable under existing NHS contracts. Specialised commissioning will provide additional support to the applicant where needed to complete the assurance process.
• For studies involving services commissioned by other NHS E/I commissioners and for public health studies commissioned by local authorities, where there is an equivalent excess intervention cost the ETC value will also be used to inform the final agreed value. For guidance on managing ETCs for research into public health interventions commissioned by non-NHS organisations in England, read the following document:  Researcher guidance for public health ETCs.  

Northern Ireland

The ETC value may be used in mechanisms for recompensing ETCs in Northern Ireland. Visit the  HSC R&D Division - Northern Ireland website for more information about the process for studies taking place in Northern Ireland.

The ETC value may be used in mechanisms for recompensing ETCs in Scotland. Visit the  NHS Research Scotland website for details on the Scottish process.

The ETC value can be used in Wales, exactly as generated or amended using the Welsh ETC costing template if more appropriate. Visit the  Health and Care Research Wales website for more details on the Welsh process.

Functionality updates

In response to feedback from users, a number of changes have been made in the online SoECAT:

• The linked CPMS ID has been added to each page of the SoECAT to allow users to easily identify the study they are working on and navigate to the study record.
• The ability for a study representative to name each SoECAT has been introduced to allow users to easily identify their SoECAT and distinguish between multiple SoECATs associated with a study in those instances where multiple SoECATs are required due to vastly differing routine care pathways.
• The contact details for all study representatives associated with a study have been added to the AcoRD specialist authorisation page to allow easy communication throughout the review. 
• The ability for a study representative to copy an existing SoECAT for a study, including: a. Creating a portfolio SoECAT from an existing portfolio SoECAT b. Creating a portfolio SoECAT from an existing non-portfolio SoECAT c. Creating a non-portfolio SoECAT from an existing portfolio SoECAT d. Creating a non-portfolio SoECAT from an existing non-portfolio SoECAT
• The initial question flow has been modified to improve and shorten the user journey to determine which type of SoECAT is required for study representatives.
• Warning messages have been updated to better guide users.
• Scroll bars, frozen headers, increased field sizes and maximum character counts have been introduced to improve usability for all roles.
• The ability for users to hide the guidance text at the top of each page within the SoECAT to allow more activities to be displayed on the screen.
• The ability for users to choose 'Unknown' when selecting from the department list for an activity.
• The ability for users to add a description for per-participant sets has been included so the set is easier to identify.
• The width of SoECAT pages has been increased (decreased grey space) for improved viewing.
• Hyperlinks have been added to a number of automatically generated emails to enable users to go directly to the relevant SoECAT from the email.
• The ability for study representatives to revert their own SoECATs in order to make changes and resubmit for authorisation.
• The cost attributions for each visit on a per-participant set are now highlighted when they match the standard of care for an activity to allow easy comparison during review. This helps AcoRD specialists focus attention on the areas of the research that are different to standard of care, therefore hopefully reducing the time required to review the SoECAT. 

Functionality improvements to the SoECAT continue to be released and a mechanism for prioritisation of future user feedback is now in place to encourage the sharing of user improvement suggestions. Please submit your comments and suggestions for the future development of the SoECAT via our online feedback form .

Glossary of Terms

AcoRD –  Attributing the costs of health and social care Research and Development a framework for the NHS and its partners to identify, recover and attribute the costs of health and social care R&D. AcoRD makes clear the distinction between the three costs: research costs, NHS support costs and treatment costs and describes how these costs should be met.

AcoRD Specialist – The NIHR has established a network of AcoRD specialists to:

• Signpost researchers to resources and training to understand the principles of AcoRD
• Provide specialist advice and support for activity attribution
• Support resolution of attribution queries

CCG – NHS Clinical Commissioning Group. Clinically-led statutory NHS bodies responsible for the planning and commissioning of health care services for their local area.

DHSC - Department of Health and Social Care. A ministerial department responsible for government policy on health and social care matters in England. It oversees the English National Health Service (NHS)

ETC - Excess Treatment Cost - the difference between the treatment costs in a research study and the costs of the existing standard treatment.

HRA - Health Research Authority. The HRA protects and promotes the interests of patients and the public in health and social care research.

IRAS – Integrated Research Approval System, a single system for applying for the permissions and approvals for health, social and community care research in the UK.

IRAS SoE – IRAS Schedule of Events

NHS E/I - NHS England and NHS Improvement. NHS E leads the National Health Service (NHS) in England. NHS I supports foundation trusts and NHS trusts to give patients consistently safe, high quality, compassionate care within local health systems that are financially sustainable. NHS E and NHS I came together to act as a single organisation on 1 April 2019.

NIHR CRN - NIHR Clinical Research Network. They support patients, the public and health and care organisations across England to participate in high-quality research. The CRN is comprised of 15 Local Clinical Research Networks (LCRNs) and 30 specialties who coordinate and support the delivery of high-quality research both by geography and therapy area. National leadership and coordination is provided through the CRN Coordinating Centre.

NIHR CRN Portfolio - All high-quality research studies, eligible for NIHR CRN support in England, are included on the NIHR CRN Portfolio. NIHR CRN supported studies benefit from the following:

• Access to the NIHR CRN Study Support Service - a standard national framework for supporting the planning, set-up and delivery of high quality clinical research in England
• Provision of NHS support as defined by AcoRD and/or the equivalent of NHS support in other settings (e.g. research carried out in social care, care homes, hospices, or public health settings)
• Provision of research part B costs as defined by AcoRD (for studies funded by AMRC member charities only)
• Access to relevant research delivery training, including Good Clinical Practice training
• ISRCTN registration via the Central Portfolio Management System (CPMS). Registration of non-commercial studies with an interventional component is funded by the Department of Health and Social Care

NIHR non-commercial Partners - fund research that is of clear value to the NHS, social care or public health; and take appropriate account of the priorities, needs and realities of the NHS, social care or public health in making decisions about the research that they fund. NIHR non-commercial partners gain benefits including faster access to the full range of services offered by the NIHR Study Support Service which helps researchers to plan, setup and deliver clinical research in England.

PHE - Public Health England

PICs - Patient Identification Centre

Research Costs – the costs of the R&D itself that end when the research ends. They relate to activities that are being undertaken to answer the research questions.

Site-level activities - activities associated with the delivery of the research at site

SoECAT - Schedule of Events Cost Attribution Template

SoECAT HRA export file - The main excel export file located in the SoECAT dashboard in CPMS. This export should be downloaded and attached to IRAS submissions.

Support costs – the additional patient care costs associated with the research, which would end once the R&D study in question had stopped, even if the patient care involved continued to be provided.

Treatment costs – the patient care costs, which would continue to be incurred if the patient care services in question continued to be provided after the R&D study had stopped.

UK local information pack - a consistent package to support study set-up and delivery across the UK

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Prepare study documentation

When applying for HRA Approval you will need to check what supporting documents you will need to provide well in advance of when you expect to submit your application. This will avoid unnecessary delays to your application.

Make sure that you attach all of the required supporting documentation for your project, and that they are all dated and version-controlled. Lack of date and version number is one of the main reasons that applications can not be validated.

The documents you will require will include:

Your protocol is a full description of your research study and will act as a ‘manual’ for members of the research team to ensure adherence to the methods outlined. More information on what your protocol should contain, and protocol templates can be found here.

Participant Information Sheet (PIS)

Your Participant Information Sheet (PIS) should describe clearly what a potential participant should expect if they agreed to take part in your study. Our online consent guidance contains more information and templates for creating a PIS. This guidance follows the requirements set out in the participant information quality standards and design review principles .

Other documents you may be asked to supply, depending on the type of research and the application being made could include:

Organisation Information Document and Schedule of Events

The Organisation Information Document should be used to provide information on participating NHS/HSC organisations in the UK. There are commercial and non-commercial versions available. An outline Organisational Information Document for each site type should be completed as part of your submission. For non-commercial studies it should be accompanied by a completed Schedule of Events. The two documents allow the sponsor to make clear what activities will be undertaken locally and the cost type for each activity. Our guidance for use with the Organisation Information Document will help you to complete the documents.

·         Organisation Information Document

• Schedule of events for non-commercial research

·         The HRA provides a free eLearning module explaining the HRA Schedule of events . 

Interactive costing tool

The Interactive Costing Tool (iCT) is a part of the National Contract Value Review (NCVR) process that covers costing and contracting for commercially sponsored research taking place in the NHS. Further information on the iCT and NCVR can be found on the NCVR page of the NIHR website .

Model Agreements

Any changes to the model agreement must be made clear in your application. You can find templates and further guidance on model agreements in the templates for supporting documents page of IRAS help.

If you are using NHS facilities, a laboratory manual and a pharmacy manual should usually be provided.

Funding letter

This may be required if the study is applying for adoption to the  NIHR Clinical Research Network Portfolio .

Curriculum Vitae

Guidance and a standard template for an investigator CV is provided for your use .  This template would be suitable for submission of CVs by Chief Investigators, local Principal Investigators and academic supervisors (for submission with student applications).  

Research passports and honorary contracts or letter of access

The Human Resource (HR) Good Practice Resource Pack in IRAS Help describes the process for handling HR arrangements for researchers and provides a streamlined approach for confirming details of the pre-engagement checks they have undergone with the NHS. 

Helpful documents and resources

• HRA e-learning includes modules on HRA Approval and reviewing research design
• E-learning on attribution of costs for research in the NHS  from the NIHR Clinical Research Network

Related links

• Informing participants and seeking consent
• Investigators CV
• Privacy notice
• Terms & conditions
• Accessibility statement
• Feedback or concerns

Bournemouth University

BU Research Blog

Latest research and knowledge exchange news at Bournemouth University

January 31, 2020

The Schedule of Events Cost Attribution Tool (SoECAT)

BU research , Clinical Governance , Guidance , nhs , NHS , Research news Suzy Wignall

SoECAT stands for the ‘Schedule of Events Cost Attribution Tool’ – either a SoECAT or a Schedule of Events (SoE) is required whenever you are conducting clinical research in the NHS or Social Care. Further information and clarification is provided below.

What is the purpose of the SoECAT?

• The SoECAT is a way of providing clarity to participating NHS  organisations on the cost attributions associated with a study.
• The template is designed to support correct cost attribution at application for Research Cost funding, to ensure that full site level Research Costs are recovered.

When is a SoECAT required?

• A SoECAT is required by National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) and NIHR non-commercial partner research funders where the call relates to studies that may involve participants under an NHS or Health and Social Care duty of care.
• In some cases, your study may be funded by an NIHR infrastructure award which does not cover Excess Treatment Costs (ETCs) – in these cases, a SoECAT would be required in order to access the ETC process for England. Further information on ETCs can be found here .
• In cases where your study is not funded by the NIHR or a NIHR non-commercial partner, but you wish to make an application to the NIHR CRN Portfolio , you will need to complete a SoECAT.

How do I complete one?

• The NIHR have recently released new guidance on how to complete a SoECAT which can be found here .

When is it completed and where does the SoECAT go when it is completed?

• The SoECAT should be completed at the funding application stage.
• The form must be authorised by an AcoRD Specialist  prior to submission for Research Cost funding.
• It should be submitted alongside your other supporting documents when applying through the IRAS system for NHS Ethics approval and/or Health Research Authority approval*.
• The SoECAT/SoE is then sent to your participating NHS/HSC organisations as part of the Local Information Pack at the site study set-up stage.

*Where there is no external funding attached to a project, the Schedule of Events should be used instead of a SoECAT.

Where can I get further support and guidance?

• Your research funder should have guidance you can follow if you are unsure about whether your application requires a SoECAT at the Research Cost funding application stage.
• Get in touch with Suzy Wignall , the Clinical Governance Advisor, or your Funding Development Officer .
• Further information about the SoECAT can be found here .

Remember  – support and guidance is on offer at BU if you are thinking of conducting clinical research, whether in the NHS, private healthcare or social care  – get in touch with  Research Ethics . You can also take a look at the  Clinical Governance blog  for resources and updates.

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Welsh Government

Schedule of events cost attribution tool (SoECAT)

The schedule of events cost attribution template (SoECAT) has been developed and implemented across the United Kingdom by a partnership of organisations, including Health and Care Research Wales.

SoECAT is a tool for use with non-commercial research studies in the four UK nations.  It allows funders to receive reassurance that the cost activities within the study have been attributed correctly in line with AcoRD to ensure that full site-level research costs are recovered.

Who needs to complete a SoECAT?

You will need to complete a SoECAT as part of the grant application process if:

• you are applying for National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) and NIHR partners, Health and Care Research Wales or Association of Medical Research Charities (AMRC) funding schemes.
• you are the lead applicant for the research.
• you want to carry out your research in the UK.
• you want your study adopted on the NIHR portfolio to enable access to the support this provides.

It may also apply for other funders, if in doubt please contact the Health and Care Research Wales support and delivery service.  

Completing a SoECAT form

Guidance on how to complete the SoECAT is available on the NIHR website .

What are the benefits of SoECAT in Wales?

• The SoECAT has a positive impact for researchers in Wales by ensuring a consistent approach in applying AcoRD across Wales and the UK.
• As part of the HRA/Health and Care Research Wales approvals process a SoECAT can be submitted instead of a schedule of events.
• The SoECAT allows Welsh-led researchers easier access to excess treatment costs in England.
• In Wales, the completion of a SoECAT replaces the need for submitting separate applications for site level excess treatment costs.

For support and further information, please contact the Health and Care Research Wales support and delivery service .

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Clinical Research Study Investigator’s Toolbox

Supporting Clinical Research

The purpose of the NIA Clinical Research Toolbox is to provide a Web-based informational repository for investigators and staff involved in clinical research. The Toolbox contains templates, sample forms, guidelines, regulations and informational materials to assist investigators in the development and conduct of high quality clinical research studies.

Study Startup

Recruitment and retention resources.

• NIA Guidance on Clinical Trials

Forms and Templates

• Glossary of Terms

Note: NIA is refreshing the entirety of the NIA Clinical Research Toolbox. Check back for updates.

Data Safety and Monitoring

As depicted in the NIA Guidance on Clinical Trials , NIA is responsible for overseeing the data and safety monitoring of the clinical research it supports. Data and safety monitoring of a clinical trial is commensurate with the risks posed to the study participants and with the size and complexity of the study.

Applicants requesting support for any intervention study must complete "PHS Human Subjects and Clinical Trials Information" form of the SF424 (R&R), describe a data and safety monitoring plan (DSMP), which discusses the need for an independent data and safety monitoring body or justifies why such a body is not needed to monitor the study and proposes an alternative safety monitoring mechanism. For example, for a single-site, low risk study, the PI may propose a local safety monitor, while a multi-site, higher risk study might propose a Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB).

• For behavioral and social clinical trials, consider using the adapted DSMP Template (MS Word, 62K) .
• Guideline for Budgeting for Data and Safety Monitoring Activities (MS Word, 25K) aids investigators in budgeting for an independent DSMB or a Safety Officer when preparing the budget section of a grant application.

Data Sharing

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) advocates making available to the public the results and accomplishments of the activities that it funds. NIH assures that research resources developed with public funds become readily available to the broader research community in a timely manner for further research, development, application, and secondary data analysis. The expectation is that this will lead to products and knowledge of benefit to public health. To ensure that future research can build on previous efforts and discoveries, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has developed a data sharing policy effective October 1, 2003, for applicants seeking NIH funding of $500,000 or more in direct costs in any one year. The policy expects final research data, especially unique data, from NIH-supported research efforts be made available to the investigators. The NIH policy on data sharing applies to:

• Basic research, clinical studies, surveys, and other types of research supported by the NIH.
• Human subjects and laboratory research.
• Data not produced with NIH funding but used in an NIH-supported activity in some instances.

Investigators are expected to include in their grant application a brief description of how final research data will be shared, or explain why data-sharing is not possible (for example: human subject protection concerns). Please see NIH’s Example Plan (MS Word, 55K) for a template you may modify to fit the data you plan to share.

Initial Proposal Concept Form (MS Word, 39K) - This form should be used to advocate for an initiative by the Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology (DGCG) for a clinical trial or trials that exceed $2 million in direct costs in any year of funding. DGCG Clinical Trials Advisory Panel, a task force of the National Advisory Council on Aging (NACA), will evaluate the concept proposals in October – November of each Fiscal Year and will provide its recommendations to DGCG, NACA, and to the NIA Director on initiatives for large clinical trials.

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The clinical protocol is a document that describes how a clinical study will be conducted by detailing the objective(s), design, methodology, statistical considerations and organization of a clinical study, and describes methods used to ensure the safety of the study participants and integrity of the data collected.

Protocol (MS Word, 93K) - The Clinical Intervention Study Protocol Template outlines a clinical study protocol and provides guidance on important content to include in each section. The template can be downloaded as an MS Word file for adaptation by the study investigator.

Manual of Procedures

A Manual of Procedures (MOP) is a handbook that details a study’s conduct and operations as well as facilitates consistency in protocol implementation and data collection across study participants and sites. It operationalizes the study protocol and describes each step of the study and how it is to be executed. A copy of the MOP should be provided to each member of the Study Team. Ideally, the MOP would contain an adequate amount of detail that any individual(s) at any site(s) could run the study consistently with only the information contained in the MOP and its appendices.

The NIA recognizes the importance of a MOP and has developed documents to assist principal investigators in writing their study MOP. Investigators with a multi-site study are required to submit a MOP, while single-site study investigators are strongly encouraged to review the MOP and determine which sections are necessary in order to ensure the study procedures are performed as intended. The Guidelines below provide details on each section of the MOP, while the MOP Outlines are an overview listing the sections that are most relevant in those types of studies.

• Manual of Procedures (MOP) Outline – Multi-Site (MS Word, 30K)
• Manual of Procedures (MOP) Guidelines – Multi-Site (MS Word, 2.9M)
• Manual of Procedures (MOP) Outline – Single-Site (MS Word, 27K)
• Manual of Procedures (MOP) Guidelines - Single-Site (MS Word, 170K)

The following documents can also be found within the MOP template:

• Schedule of Events presents the activities that take place at each contact with the participant.
• Protocol Deviation Log provides participant-specific documentation of missed visits and other actions that deviate from the protocol.

Informed Consent

The consent process provides individuals with sufficient information for making informed decisions about participation in a clinical research study. The following documents are provided as a tool to assist NIA investigators for developing a comprehensive informed consent:

• Informed Consent Checklist (MS Word, 54K) presents required and additional elements of the consent forms as set forth in Code of Federal Regulations.
• Informed Consent Version Tracker (MS Excel, 20K) provides a template with two examples of tools that sites may use to track informed consent versions; this helps minimize the use of expired versions and the occurrence of consent deviations.
• Informed Consent for Secondary Research with Data and Specimens (PDF, 736K) , from NIH's Office of Science Policy, provides points to consider and sample language for informed consent documents for research studies that plan to store and share data and/or biospecimens for future use.

Data Safety and Monitoring Boards

The Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) is an independent group of experts that advises the NIA Director and the study investigators. The members of the DSMB serve in an individual capacity and provide their expertise and recommendations. The need for DSMB oversight is based on assessment of the study’s overall risk. Investigators may propose a DSMB in their grant application, or NIA may require that a DSMB be established following consideration of review panel’s comments, NIA’s National Advisory Council on Aging (NACA) advice, and/or input from NIA staff.

• Sample Data and Safety Monitoring Board Charter (MS Word, 25.8K) The DSMB Charter describes the responsibilities of the DSMB to ensure ongoing, independent study review and assure the study is conducted according to the highest scientific and ethical standards.
• DSMB Conflict of Interest and Confidentiality Statement (MS Word, 22K) and DSMB Conflict of Interest and Confidentiality Statement (PDF, 130K) - All members of the DSMB are required to be independent of the studies being reviewed and need to certify this by signing a DSMB Conflict of Interest and Confidentiality statement.
• DSMB Report - Single Site Open (MS Word, 323K)
• DSMB Report - Single Site Closed (MS Word, 342K)
• DSMB Report - Multi Site Open (MS Word, 449K)
• DSMB Report - Multi Site Closed (MS Word, 348K)

Additional Startup Tools

• Data Management Tips (MS Word, 30K) help to ensure adequate data management processes and procedures in a clinical study. Investigators are encouraged to use Data Management Tips to describe how data will be handled in the study.
• Best Practices for Data Coordinating Centers  – This Compendium, developed by the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) provides helpful tips for clinical researchers and other stakeholders for developing large, multisite clinical trial programs.

The NIA Clinical Research Toolbox includes a broad array of resources to support communications, training, recruitment, engagement and more. Learn about research and retention resources below.

Communicating with Participants, Staff, and Community Partners

A collection of outreach, recruitment, and engagement resources providing tips and strategies for communicating with potential clinical trial participants. 

​ ADORE (Alzheimer’s & Dementia Outreach, Recruitment & Engagement Resources) ​  An NIA repository of resources to support the recruitment and retention of participants into clinical trials and studies on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. ​ 

Alzheimer’s and Dementia Information to share with Participants ​  NIA resources for caregivers and people living with dementia.​ 

Engagement and Access for Research-Active Institutions (EARA) ​  Resource from the Office of the Director is a communication tool focused on outreach to research-active institutions and NIH institutes, centers, and offices.​ 

Guidance regarding social media tools ​  Developed by the NIH Office of Intramural Research and provides best practices when using social media tools and new technologies to recruit for clinical trials.​ 

Person-first and Destigmatizing Language  ​  From the NIH Style Guide, this resource offers guidance on the principles for inclusive communication and defines person-first language and identity-first language. ​ 

Providing Care to a Diverse Older Adult Population ​  An NIH resource on communicating with a diverse older patient population with tips for culturally sensitive care.​ 

Recruiting and Communicating with Participants    ​  NCCIH presents strategies about how to be thoughtful about participants, staff, and community partners with emphasis on good communication skills and habits.  ​ 

Talking to Your Patient About a Clinical Trial   ​  NIH provides communication guidance in the form of a modified checklist for talking to patients about clinical trials. ​ 

Talking With Older Patients ​  NIH shares tips for communicating with older patients, including families and caregivers as part of the health care team, obtaining a thorough history from participants, discussing medical conditions and treatments, confusion and cognitive problems, and sensitive topics.​ 

Diversity Among Staff

A set of resources related to developing and training a diverse clinical research workforce. 

Chief Officer for Scientific Workforce Diversity (COSWD)   An NIH resource dedicated to the diversity of the scientific workforce and use of evidence-based approaches to catalyze cultures of inclusive excellence. 

Building a Diverse Scientific Workforce   A NIDCD resource focused on enhancing the diversity of the biomedical, behavioral, and clinical research workforce. 

Scientific Workforce Diversity Programs at NIA   An NIA resource with opportunities for career development and training for researchers. 

Scientific Workforce Diversity Seminar Series: How Do Research-Active Institutions (e.g. HBCUs, TCUs, and MSIs) Impact the Diversity of the Scientific Workforce?   This seminar, hosted by the NIH Chief Officer for Scientific Workforce Diversity (COSWD), featured a panel sharing data and perspectives on the critical role of Research-Active Institutions (RAIs) in enhancing the diversity of the scientific workforce. Panelists also discussed how NIH and other funders might better partner with and support these institutions in enhancing their impact. 

Engagement and Recruitment Planning Resources

Resources related to clinical trials planning, recruitment, and engagement.  

AD/ADRD Clinical Studies Recruitment Planning Guide    A resource developed by the NIA that outlines strategies for clinical research recruitment. 

Accrual Stages    An NCCIH resource on the five stages of study development including: Developing a Study; Selecting & Preparing to Open a Study; Recruiting and Communicating with Participants; Implementing the Study; and Evaluating Accrual and Reporting Lessons Learned. 

National Strategy for Recruitment and Participation in Alzheimer's and Related Dementias Clinical Research    Published by the NIH and NIA, the National Strategy is designed to engage broad segments of the public in Alzheimer’s and related dementias research.  

OutreachPro    NIA developed a free online recruitment materials generator for researchers and research teams to create customizable outreach materials. OutreachPro has a library of content designed specifically for African American, Hispanic/Latino, Asian American and Pacific Islander populations and available in English, Spanish, Simplified Chinese, Tagalog and Hindi. Explore the OutreachPro  video playlist for videos on clinical trial participants, caregivers, and the benefits of participating in clinical research.  

Recruiting & Communicating with Participants   An NCCIH resource to engage intermediaries to aid in accrual to clinical research: 

Recruitment & Retention   A resource from the Diversity in Extramural Programs focused on recruitment planning. 

Recruitment & Retention Planning: Getting Started     Resources and tips from NINDS to create a recruitment and retention plan while you are writing the grant proposal and study protocol. 

• Identify potentially eligible participants 
• Engage participants in the Informed Consent Process 
• Consider participant financial issues 
• Maintain the morale and interest of staff, participants and their families 
• Update participants regarding study related events and results 

Inclusion and Disparities

A collection of recruitment and retention resources focused on health disparities and inclusion of underrepresented populations. 

CEAL (Community Engagement Alliance)     CEAL is an NIH research network designed to work with communities and community-based organizations to identify promising engagement and outreach practices that communicate trustworthy, science-based information to communities experiencing health disparities. 

Collection of Race and Ethnicity Data in Clinical Trials and Clinical Studies for FDA-Regulated Medical Products     This guidance provides FDA’s expectations for, and recommendations on, use of a standardized approach for collecting and reporting race and ethnicity data in submissions including information collected and reported from clinical studies. 

Community Health Disparities Recruitment     From NHLBI, this Community Health Toolkit was designed to assist in planning, running, and evaluating programs and includes recruiting scenarios and informational handouts. 

Cultural Competence     Resources from across NIH are presented for researchers to consider regarding importance of cultural competence to promote effective and culturally informed recruitment and retention strategies. 

Enhancing the Diversity of Clinical Trial Populations   This FDA guidance recommends approaches that sponsors of clinical trials can take to increase enrollment of underrepresented populations in their clinical trials. 

Health Disparities Framework   This NIA page is designed to serve as a resource for scientists interested in investigating health disparities related to aging. It lists the priorities in aging research. 

Health Equity Guiding Principles for Inclusive Communication   The CDC provides guidance for health communicators to ensure their communication products and strategies adapt to the specific cultural, linguistic, environmental, and historical situation of each population or audience of focus. 

NIH Inclusion Policies for Research Involving Human Subjects  ​  NIH is committed to supporting clinical research that benefits individuals of all sexes/genders, races, ethnicities, and ages. The information provided on this website is designed to assist the extramural community in addressing inclusion, including the Inclusion of Women and Minorities policy and the Inclusion Across the Lifespan policy, in NIH grant applications and progress reports.  

Primary Barriers and Facilitators to Participation in Clinical Research      The Office of Research on Women's Health at NIH provides a summary of the literature on the barriers and facilitators to recruiting from diverse backgrounds to clinical trials. 

Recruitment and Retention   From NIH, this website offers strategic considerations for outreach by population group and includes other recruitment resources.  

Recruitment and Retention of Women in Clinical Research   NIH Inclusion Outreach Toolkit on how to engage, recruit, and retain women in clinical research with strategies that are relevant to women and translatable across many subgroups of the U.S. population. This toolkit also includes case studies that highlight effective recruitment practices.  

Information for Participants

A collection of resources to help individuals learn more about clinical research, and find available clinical trials by location, condition, and intervention. 

NIA Clinical Trials and Studies    An NIA resource providing a variety of articles for potential clinical trial participants. 

NIH Clinical Research Trials and You     An NIH resource for people who want to learn more about clinical trials. It includes commonly asked questions and responses about participating in a clinical trial.    

ClinicalTrials.gov     An online database of clinical research studies that provides information about clinical research studies to the public, researchers, and health care professionals.  Visit the Learn About Studies page to learn more. 

Find Clinical Trials   Tool for the public to find Alzheimer’s and related dementias clinical trials by location. 

Personal Stories About Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias Research   Watch English videos from clinical trials participants  or  Spanish videos from clinical trials participants .

ResearchMatch    An NIH funded nonprofit program that helps to connect people interested in research studies with researchers from top medical centers across the US.  

“Why I Participate” Videos      From the NIA YouTube channel, this playlist contains videos of caregivers and those who are at risk for Alzheimer’s disease. 

General Resources

Plainlanguage.gov   A resources design to help teams communicate in a way that their audience can understand the first time they read or hear it. 

OutreachPro   NIA developed a free online recruitment materials generator for researchers and research teams to create customizable outreach materials. OutreachPro has a library of content designed specifically for African American, Hispanic/Latino, Asian American and Pacific Islander populations and available in English, Spanish, Simplified Chinese, Tagalog, and Hindi. Explore the OutreachPro  video playlist for videos on clinical trial participants, caregivers, and the benefits of participating in clinical research.  

Recruitment Innovation Center (RIC)   Advice, guidance and recommendations about community engagement, recruitment planning and feasibility assessment, recruitment materials, EHR-based cohort assessments, and expression of interest.  

Community Informed Recruitment and Retention Template A tool to assist research teams in achieving recruitment and retention goals of historically underrepresented racial and ethnic populations. 

Investigators must include in their application proposed adverse event (AE) and serious adverse event (SAE) definitions and discuss their monitoring and reporting. All clinical trials of drugs and biological products conducted under an Investigational New Drug Application (IND) must use definitions of adverse events and adverse reactions and follow the reporting requirements established by 21 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 312.32. Trials of medical devices conducted under an Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) must use the definitions and reporting requirements established by 21 CFR 812. All other interventional studies must propose their definitions of adverse events and their reporting procedures. See the NIA Guidance on Clinical Trials for additional information .

• Adverse Event Form ( MS Word , 38K or screen-readable PDF , 69K) provides a template for a study form for collecting information about adverse events that is reviewed by safety monitoring bodies.
• Serious Adverse Event Form ( MS Word , 31K or screen-readable PDF , 769K) provides a template for a study form for collecting information about serious adverse events. The form includes major components of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Form 3500.
• AE/SAE Process Flow (PDF, 119K) illustrates how adverse events and serious adverse events are handled within a study.

The NIA Safety Training Course (available below), an online training venue, provides an overview of human subject safety surveillance and reporting requirements in clinical research studies. The intent of the course is to help clinical study investigators and staff understand and implement NIA and regulatory requirements for safe, high quality clinical research. The topics covered include Good Clinical Practice (GCP), Human Subject Protections, Adverse Events and Unanticipated Problems, Safety Monitoring and Reporting Requirements, Safety Monitoring and Oversight: Data and Safety Monitoring Boards (DSMBs) and Safety Officers, Regulatory Requirements and Responsibilities of Principal Investigators, and Data and Safety Monitoring Plans. The course requires about 40 minutes to complete.

Administrative Forms

Screening Log (MS Excel, 47K) Provides documentation of all individuals who were evaluated for participation in a research study. The log typically contains a unique identification number for each person screened along with individuals’ date of birth, gender, race and ethnicity, screening date, and eligibility status.

Site Signature Log - Delegation of Authority Log ( MS Excel, 47K or screen-readable PDF, 294K ) A record of all study personnel and their specific responsibilities, signatures, and dates of involvement during the conduct of a clinical research study.

Note to File Template (MS Word, 20K) – Used by clinical site staff to document protocol deviations or other discrepancies identified during the conduct of the clinical research study and plans for resolution/prevention.

Sample Visit Flow and Schedule (MS Word, 25K) – The visit schedule tracks an individual participant’s progress through the study and helps to ensure that visits take place during the protocol-specified timeframe. The visit flow provides an overview of the activities that take place at each study visit, and may be customized for each study site.

Study Drug/Investigational Product Tracker (MS Excel, 12K) – Used to track study drug/investigational product disposition and accountability by the clinical research site. For multi-site studies under an investigational new drug (IND) application, this tracker could be used by coordinating centers to track the overall distribution of investigational product.

Study Drug/Investigational Product Compliance Log (MS Word, 30K) – Used to track study drug/investigational product disposition and accountability for each individual participant. This form may be used to track protocol adherence via amount dispensed and returned and is designed to be used in conjunction with the Study Drug/Investigational Product Tracker. May also be used to track study drug/investigational return or destruction.

Study-wide Forms

Adverse Events Form ( MS Word, 38K or screen-readable PDF, 68K )

Prior and Concomitant Medications ( MS Word, 34K or screen-readable PDF, 58K )

Protocol Deviations Form ( MS Word, 46K or screen-readable PDF, 80K )

Serious Adverse Events Form ( MS Word, 31K or screen-readable PDF, 769K )

Study Disposition Form ( MS Word, 32K or screen-readable PDF, 56K )

Baseline Visit Forms

Visit Checklist ( MS Word, 34K or screen-readable PDF, 53K )

Eligibility Form ( MS Word, 29K or screen-readable PDF, 184K )

Demographics Form ( MS Word, 32K or screen-readable PDF, 661K )

Medical History Form ( MS Word, 50K or screen-readable PDF, 87K )

Medical History Conventional ( MS Word, 54K or screen-readable PDF,184 K )

Vital Signs Form ( MS Word, 33K or screen-readable PDF, 101K )

Physical Exam Form ( MS Word, 73K or screen-readable PDF, 193K )

Randomization and Enrollment Form ( MS Word, 32K or screen-readable PDF, 806K )

Sign up for NIA training and career development updates

Last updated: August 27, 2024

nia.nih.gov

An official website of the National Institutes of Health

Schedule of activities (SOA)

Written by Jeanne Lovmo on June 1, 2022 .

Also referred to as Schedule of Events (SOE), the SOA is a standardized representation of planned clinical trial activities including interventions (e.g., administering drug , surgery) and study administrative activities (e.g., obtaining informed consent, distributing clinical trial material and diaries, randomization ) as well as assessments. See also schedule of assessments . CDISC Glossary

Market Research and Insight Events

Global listing of market research, CX, UX and insight related events.

Upcoming Events

CDAO Melbourne 2024

September 2-4, 2024

Chief Marketing Officer Summit 2024

September 4, 2024

RSS International Conference 2024

September 2-5, 2024

ESOMAR Congress 2024

September 8-11, 2024

CDAO Brazil 2024

September 10-11, 2024

CDAO FSI UK 2024

Technology & Innovation Summit North America 2024

September 9-12, 2024

Intellus Worldwide Fall Institute with Awards 2024

September 11-13, 2024

Insights Association CRC Corporate Researchers Conference 2024

September 17-19, 2024

Calendar of Events

September 10, 2024 - 6:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. EDT

Making the presidency: john adams and the precedents that forged the republic.

Author Lindsay M. Chervinsky and Archivist of the United States Dr. Colleen Shogan will discuss President John Adams and the second U.S. Presidency.

September 3 Tuesday

Grand Rapids, MI - 6:30 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. EDT

Lessons from the first month of the ford presidency with barry werth and hank meijer.

50 years after the Supreme Court ruling against Nixon’s claims of executive privilege, his subsequent resignation, Ford’s ascension to power, the conflicts of his first 31 days, and the pardon, we have much to learn

Atlanta, GA - 7:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. EDT

Lawrence spinelli, author of "watergate's unexpected hero".

"Watergate’s Unexpected Hero: The Life of Peter W. Rodino Jr. tells the story of a legislator whom Washington commentators assumed would cower under national scrutiny."

Independence, MO - 6:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. CDT

Truman book club "truman" by david mccullough.

Truman Book Club "Truman" by David McCullough

September 4 Wednesday

Yorba Linda, CA - 5:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. PDT

Alejandro brittes - book talk & concert.

Author & Musician Alejandro Brittes Book Talk & Concert

September 5 Thursday

Independence, MO - 6:00 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. CDT

"prisoner of lies: jack downey's cold war" by barry werth.

Barry Werth is an award-winning journalist and the acclaimed author of seven books.

September 8 Sunday

Simi Valley, CA - 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. PDT

Special exhibit closes september 8, 2024- defending america & the galaxy: star wars and sdi.

Join us at the Reagan Library for a fun and informative exhibition on Star Wars – both the real-world technology of SDI, as well as items from the movie phenomenon.

September 9 Monday

Washington, DC - 10:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. EDT

Freedom of information act (foia) advisory committee meeting.

First meeting of the 2024-2026 FOIA Advisory Committee.

September 10 Tuesday

Washington, DC - 6:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. EDT

Ann Arbor, MI - 6:30 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. EDT

The pardon with ken gormley.

Esteemed author and president of Duquesne University, Ken Gormley, will address one of the most controversial decisions ever made by a U.S. President during a turbulent time in American history.

September 13 Friday

Online - 10:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. EDT

The second meeting of the 2024-2026 FOIA Advisory Committee.

Grand Rapids, MI - 10:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. EDT

Exhibit opening: artprize.

The Gerald R. Ford Presidential Museum hosts over 30 artists for ArtPrize, an annual, international art competition in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

September 14 Saturday

Atlanta, GA - 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. EDT

Children's author read and greet: dr. randell e. trammell's "presidential pals: discovering the legacy of jimmy carter".

Join author Dr. Trammell and illustrator Heather Smith on an adventure with Georgia Caroline, Lincoln, & Emery Claire as they travel to Plains, GA, and step into the remarkable world of President and Mrs. Carter!

September 18 Wednesday

Independence, MO - 11:00 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. CDT

White glove wednesdays.

Get up close and personal with some of the most unique artifacts at the Harry S. Truman Library and Museum on Wednesday, September 18.

Panel and Preview: The American Vice President

A preview screening event of the new PBS documentary will be followed by a panel discussion.

Kansas City, MO - 6:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. CDT

Harry s. truman book award.

The Truman Library Institute proudly announces that the 2024 Harry S. Truman Book Award will be awarded to Steve Drummond during a public book event in Kansas City, Missouri.

September 19 Thursday

Washington, DC - 11:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. EDT

National archives comes alive young learners program: meet thomas jefferson.

Meet Thomas Jefferson, the author of the Declaration of Independence, and learn how he influenced the founding principles of our nation.

September 23 Monday

Atlanta, GA - 6:30 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. EDT

Documentary "walk the line" film screening.

Free Film Screening

September 26 Thursday

Abilene, KS - 12:00 p.m. to 1:00 p.m. CDT

September 2024 lunch & learn.

The 2024 Waging Peace programming will explore specific Eisenhower-era initiatives in seeking peace through prosperity, strength, and alliances.

Bradley Tusk, author of "Vote With Your Phone"

Vote With Your Phone: Why Mobile Voting Is Our Final Shot at Saving Democracy

Film Screening and Q&A: "American: An Odyssey to 1947"

Join us for a film screening and Q&A session with film director Danny Wu and Laura Williams.

September 27 Friday

Grand Rapids, MI - 2:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. EDT

Be bold like betty.

Join us and partnering organizations as we host a free event featuring panels of physician specialists, breast cancer survivors and their family, tours of the Mobile Mammography bus, and access to the new exhibit.

September 28 Saturday

Atlanta, GA - 7:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. EDT

Jc 100 fun run.

1 and 3 mile run to celebrate Jimmy Carter's 100th year! Kindly sponsored by Highland Runners.

Atlanta, GA - 10:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. EDT

Jc100 film festival.

Help us celebrate President Jimmy Carter’s 100th year with an all-day film festival sponsored by our generous friends at the Plaza Theater and Atlanta Film Society!

Yorba Linda, CA - 9:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. PDT

Roger williams 100th birthday celebration concert & discussion panel.

Celebrate the 100th Birthday of the Pianist to the Presidents!

Grand Rapids, MI - 4:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. EDT

Exhibit closing: artprize, atlanta, ga - 8:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. edt, jc100 film festival.

Celebrate President Carter’s 100th birthday with a movie under the stars! Saturday, September 28 @ 8:00pm: Star Wars: A New Hope

September 30 Monday

Mary Ellen Curtin, author of "She Changed the Nation"

She Changed the Nation: Barbara Jordan’s Life and Legacy in Black Politics

October 1 Tuesday

Atlanta, GA - 9:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. EDT

President jimmy carter's 100th birthday celebration.

Admission is 100 cents to celebrate President Carter's 100 years! Come sign the President's Birthday Book!

Online - 6:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. CDT

Truman library book club.

We will read and discuss David McCullough's "Truman" over 3 months

October 7 Monday

Terry Szuplat, author of "Say It Well"

Author Talk with President Obama's White House speechwriter, Terry Szuplat

October 9 Wednesday

Panel and Film: The American Presidency on Screen

A panel discussion will follow the film screening "The American Presidency on Screen"

October 10 Thursday

Songs That Healed a Nation with Reverend Robert Jones

Join us as Reverend Robert Jones performs and tells the stories of many of America’s most iconic songs of healing.

Ayana Elizabeth Johnson, author of "What If We Get It Right?"

Sometimes the bravest thing we can do while facing an existential crisis is imagine life on the other side.

October 15 Tuesday

Independence, MO - 4:15 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. CDT

National history day workshop.

Rights and Responsibilities in the 20th Century

Nathan Thrall, author of "A Day in the Life of Abed Salama"

Pulitzer Prize winner Nathan Thrall presents his acclaimed book, “A Day in the Life of Abed Salama.” Hosted by Jimmy Carter Presidential Library and Museum and the Carter Center Human Rights Program.

October 16 Wednesday

Independence, MO - 11:00 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. EDT

Get up close and personal with some of the most unique artifacts at the Harry S. Truman Library and Museum on Wednesday, October 16.

October 17 Thursday

The American Presidency on Screen

"The American Presidency on Screen" is a project that seeks to help reverse today's trend toward political polarization that threatens the basic strengths that have underpinned the "great experiment." 

"Awakening of the Spirit of America" by Paul M. Sparrow

Paul M. Sparrow is a writer, historical consultant, and the former Director of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum.

October 23 Wednesday

Online - 5:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. CDT

Virtual open house for educators: rights and responsibilities of citizenship.

Presented in partnership with The Lillian and Albert Small Capital Jewish Museum, The Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum and The White House Historical Association

October 29 Tuesday

Ascent to Power: How Truman Emerged from Roosevelt's Shadow and Remade the World

Spanning the years of transition, 1944 to 1948, Ascent to Power illuminates Truman's struggles to emerge as president in his own right.

November 5 Tuesday

Online - 6:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. CST

Truman library book club discussion.

We will read and discuss David McCullough's "Truman"

March 23 Sunday

Little Rock, AR - 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. CDT

Exhibit closing: "commanding the screen: the american presidency in film and television".

This exhibit delves into the cinematic portrayal of fictional and non-fictional presidents as symbols of the nation's spirit, values, and historical destiny using original costumes, props, and other memorabilia.

All events listed in the calendar are free unless noted.

NIH Research Festival

September 11, 2019

• General Schedule of Events

9/11 Anniversary Observance and Moment of Silence Masur Auditorium, NIH Building 10

Research Festival Welcome and Introductions Masur Auditorium, NIH Building 10

Plenary Session I. Celebrating NIH IRP Contributions to Curing Metabolic Diseases Moderator: John Gallin, M.D., NIH Clinical Center Scientific Director Masur Auditorium, NIH Building 10 (four 20-minute talks)

Ferid Murad, M.D., Ph.D. George Washington University Discovery of Nitric Oxide and Cyclic GMP in Cell Signaling and Drug Development

Marston Linehan, M.D. Chief, NCI Urologic Oncology Branch Targeting the Genetic and Metabolic Basis of Kidney Cancer

Josephine Egan, M.D. NIA Clinical Director Chief, NIA Diabetes Section From Insulin to Incretins

Kevin Hall, Ph.D. Chief, NIDDK Integrative Physiology Section What’s Most Important for Weight Control: Diet Carbs, Calories, or Quality?

Data Blitz: Lightning Round Masur Auditorium, NIH Building 10 (~20 three-minute talks)

The 2019 NIH Research Festival Poster Session FAES Terrace, NIH Building 10

NIH Green Labs Fair South Lobby, NIH Building 10

Come join your colleagues for the NIH Green Labs Fair in the Building 10 South Lobby. That’s the lobby down from the NIH Library, on the older side of Building 10. The Green Labs Fair features a variety of information on green products, green practices and environmental initiatives that you can use to make your lab green.

Special Exhibits on Intramural Resources Central Corridor & NIH Library*, NIH Building 10

* In addition, the NIH Library will host numerous demonstrations, including virtural reality, from noon to 4:00 p.m. in the Library itself. Be sure to visit.

There will be an army of food trucks in Parking Lot 10H near the South Lobby. We will have some outside seating, as well.

Plenary Session II. Celebrating NIH Efforts to Combat Physical and Emotional Pain Moderator: Amy Newman, Ph.D., NIDA Acting Scientific Director Masur Auditorium, NIH Building 10 (four 12-minute talks)

Carlos Zarate Jr., M.D. Chief, NIMH Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch Antidepressant Drug Discovery: Taking the Road Less Traveled

Lauren Atlas, Ph.D. Investigator, NCCIH Section on Affective Neuroscience and Pain How Psychological Factors Influence Responses to Pain and Opioid Analgesics

George Koob, Ph.D. NIAAA Director Chief, NIDA Neurobiology of Addiction Section Opioid Addiction: “The Gain in the Brain Is in the Pain”

Andrew Mannes, M.D. Chief, Clinical Center Department of Perioperative Medicine Non-opioid Therapy for Treating Severe, Refractory Cancer Pain

Plenary Session III. Celebrating Cutting Edge Technologies at the IRP Moderator: Bruce Tromberg, Ph.D., NIBIB Director Masur Auditorium, NIH Building 10 (four 12-minute talks)

Adam Phillippy, Ph.D. Head, NHGRI Genome Informatics Section Can Nanopore Sequencing Finally Finish the Human Genome?

Elizabeth Kang, M.D. Head, Hematotherapeutics Unit, Genetic Immunotherapy Section, LCIM, NIAID Genetically Modified Cells for Chronic Granulomatous Disease: Moving Forward the Clinical Benefit

Hari Shroff, Ph.D. Senior Investigator, NIBIB Section on High Resolution Optical Imaging Faster, Sharper, Deeper, Longer: New Optical and Computational Techniques for Use in Biomedical Imaging

Hannah Valantine, M.D. Senior Investigator, NHLBI Laboratory of Transplantation Genomics The Liquid Biopsy: Cell-Free DNA for Early Detection of Organ Rejection

Award Ceremony & Reception South Lobby, NIH Building 10 4:00 p.m. – 5:00 p.m. (or until the band gets blisters)

Please join us for an informal award ceremony and reception featuring food (including microbial fermentations) and music. We will salute all FARE awardees, not all of whom presented at the 2019 Research Festival, as well as the winner of the Scientific Director’s cooking/baking competition. Then the NIH Director’s band, aka “ARRA” (Affordable Rock’n’ Roll Act) takes over under the canopy of the South Lobby. All are welcome.

Wait, there’s more…

Please visit the Technical Sales Association (TSA) Research Festival Exhibit Tent Show on September 12 and 13 in the morning and early afternoon. This is in Parking Lot 10H. You, uh, can’t miss it. A large group of exhibitors will display state-of-the-art equipment supplies and services by leading regional and national biomedical research suppliers. Visit early to get all the best goodies.

This page was last updated on Monday, March 15, 2021

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• Places - European, Western and Northern Russia

YEKATERINBURG: FACTORIES, URAL SIGHTS, YELTSIN AND THE WHERE NICHOLAS II WAS KILLED

Sverdlovsk oblast.

Sverdlovsk Oblast is the largest region in the Urals; it lies in the foothills of mountains and contains a monument indicating the border between Europe and Asia. The region covers 194,800 square kilometers (75,200 square miles), is home to about 4.3 million people and has a population density of 22 people per square kilometer. About 83 percent of the population live in urban areas. Yekaterinburg is the capital and largest city, with 1.5 million people. For Russians, the Ural Mountains are closely associated with Pavel Bazhov's tales and known for folk crafts such as Kasli iron sculpture, Tagil painting, and copper embossing. Yekaterinburg is the birthplace of Russia’s iron and steel industry, taking advantage of the large iron deposits in the Ural mountains. The popular Silver Ring of the Urals tourist route starts here.

In the summer you can follow in the tracks of Yermak, climb relatively low Ural mountain peaks and look for boulders seemingly with human faces on them. You can head to the Gemstone Belt of the Ural mountains, which used to house emerald, amethyst and topaz mines. In the winter you can go ice fishing, ski and cross-country ski.

Sverdlovsk Oblast and Yekaterinburg are located near the center of Russia, at the crossroads between Europe and Asia and also the southern and northern parts of Russia. Winters are longer and colder than in western section of European Russia. Snowfalls can be heavy. Winter temperatures occasionally drop as low as - 40 degrees C (-40 degrees F) and the first snow usually falls in October. A heavy winter coat, long underwear and good boots are essential. Snow and ice make the sidewalks very slippery, so footwear with a good grip is important. Since the climate is very dry during the winter months, skin moisturizer plus lip balm are recommended. Be alert for mud on street surfaces when snow cover is melting (April-May). Patches of mud create slippery road conditions.

Yekaterinburg

Yekaterinburg (kilometer 1818 on the Trans-Siberian Railway) is the fourth largest city in Russia, with of 1.5 million and growth rate of about 12 percent, high for Russia. Located in the southern Ural mountains, it was founded by Peter the Great and named after his wife Catherine, it was used by the tsars as a summer retreat and is where tsar Nicholas II and his family were executed and President Boris Yeltsin lived most of his life and began his political career. The city is near the border between Europe and Asia.

Yekaterinburg (also spelled Ekaterinburg) is located on the eastern slope of the Ural Mountains in the headwaters of the Iset and Pyshma Rivers. The Iset runs through the city center. Three ponds — Verkh-Isetsky, Gorodskoy and Nizhne-Isetsky — were created on it. Yekaterinburg has traditionally been a city of mining and was once the center of the mining industry of the Urals and Siberia. Yekaterinburg remains a major center of the Russian armaments industry and is sometimes called the "Pittsburgh of Russia.". A few ornate, pastel mansions and wide boulevards are reminders of the tsarist era. The city is large enough that it has its own Metro system but is characterized mostly by blocky Soviet-era apartment buildings. The city has advanced under President Vladimir Putin and is now one of the fastest growing places in Russia, a country otherwise characterized by population declines

Yekaterinburg is technically an Asian city as it lies 32 kilometers east of the continental divide between Europe and Asia. The unofficial capital of the Urals, a key region in the Russian heartland, it is second only to Moscow in terms of industrial production and capital of Sverdlovsk oblast. Among the important industries are ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, machine building and metalworking, chemical and petrochemicals, construction materials and medical, light and food industries. On top of being home of numerous heavy industries and mining concerns, Yekaterinburg is also a major center for industrial research and development and power engineering as well as home to numerous institutes of higher education, technical training, and scientific research. In addition, Yekaterinburg is the largest railway junction in Russia: the Trans-Siberian Railway passes through it, the southern, northern, western and eastern routes merge in the city.

Accommodation: There are two good and affordable hotels — the 3-star Emerald and Parus hotels — located close to the city's most popular landmarks and main transport interchanges in the center of Yekaterinburg. Room prices start at RUB 1,800 per night.

History of Yekaterinburg

Yekaterinburg was founded in 1723 by Peter the Great and named after his wife Catherine I. It was used by the tsars as a summer retreat but was mainly developed as metalworking and manufacturing center to take advantage of the large deposits of iron and other minerals in the Ural mountains. It is best known to Americans as the place where the last Tsar and his family were murdered by the Bolsheviks in 1918 and near where American U-2 spy plane, piloted by Gary Powers, was shot down in 1960.

Peter the Great recognized the importance of the iron and copper-rich Urals region for Imperial Russia's industrial and military development. In November 1723, he ordered the construction of a fortress factory and an ironworks in the Iset River Valley, which required a dam for its operation. In its early years Yekaterinburg grew rich from gold and other minerals and later coal. The Yekaterinburg gold rush of 1745 created such a huge amount of wealth that one rich baron of that time hosted a wedding party that lasted a year. By the mid-18th century, metallurgical plants had sprung up across the Urals to cast cannons, swords, guns and other weapons to arm Russia’s expansionist ambitions. The Yekaterinburg mint produced most of Russia's coins. Explorations of the Trans-Baikal and Altai regions began here in the 18th century.

Iron, cast iron and copper were the main products. Even though Iron from the region went into the Eiffel Tower, the main plant in Yekaterinburg itself was shut down in 1808. The city still kept going through a mountain factory control system of the Urals. The first railway in the Urals was built here: in 1878, the Yekaterinburg-Perm railway branch connected the province's capital with the factories of the Middle Urals.

In the Soviet era the city was called Sverdlovsk (named after Yakov Sverdlov, the man who organized Nicholas II's execution). During the first five-year plans the city became industrial — old plants were reconstructed, new ones were built. The center of Yekaterinburg was formed to conform to the historical general plan of 1829 but was the layout was adjusted around plants and factories. In the Stalin era the city was a major gulag transhipment center. In World War II, many defense-related industries were moved here. It and the surrounding area were a center of the Soviet Union's military industrial complex. Soviet tanks, missiles and aircraft engines were made in the Urals. During the Cold War era, Yekaterinburg was a center of weapons-grade uranium enrichment and processing, warhead assembly and dismantlement. In 1979, 64 people died when anthrax leaked from a biological weapons facility. Yekaterinburg was a “Closed City” for 40 years during the Cold Soviet era and was not open to foreigners until 1991

In the early post-Soviet era, much like Pittsburgh in the 1970s, Yekaterinburg had a hard struggle d to cope with dramatic economic changes that have made its heavy industries uncompetitive on the world market. Huge defense plants struggled to survive and the city was notorious as an organized crime center in the 1990s, when its hometown boy Boris Yeltsin was President of Russia. By the 2000s, Yekaterinburg’s retail and service was taking off, the defense industry was reviving and it was attracting tech industries and investments related to the Urals’ natural resources. By the 2010s it was vying to host a world exhibition in 2020 (it lost, Dubai won) and it had McDonald’s, Subway, sushi restaurants, and Gucci, Chanel and Armani. There were Bentley and Ferrari dealerships but they closed down

Transportation in Yekaterinburg

Getting There: By Plane: Yekaterinburg is a three-hour flight from Moscow with prices starting at RUB 8,000, or a 3-hour flight from Saint Petersburg starting from RUB 9,422 (direct round-trip flight tickets for one adult passenger). There are also flights from Frankfurt, Istanbul, China and major cities in the former Soviet Union.

By Train: Yekaterinburg is a major stop on the Trans-Siberian Railway. Daily train service is available to Moscow and many other Russian cities.Yekaterinburg is a 32-hour train ride from Moscow (tickets RUB 8,380 and above) or a 36-hour train ride from Saint Petersburg (RUB 10,300 and above). The ticket prices are round trip for a berth in a sleeper compartment for one adult passenger). By Car: a car trip from Moscow to Yekateringburg is 1,787 kilometers long and takes about 18 hours. The road from Saint Petersburg is 2,294 kilometers and takes about 28 hours.

Regional Transport: The region's public transport includes buses and suburban electric trains. Regional trains provide transport to larger cities in the Ural region. Buses depart from Yekaterinburg’s two bus stations: the Southern Bus Station and the Northern Bus Station.

Regional Transport: According the to Association for Safe International Road Travel (ASIRT): “Public transportation is well developed. Overcrowding is common. Fares are low. Service is efficient. Buses are the main form of public transport. Tram network is extensive. Fares are reasonable; service is regular. Trams are heavily used by residents, overcrowding is common. Purchase ticket after boarding. Metro runs from city center to Uralmash, an industrial area south of the city. Metro ends near the main railway station. Fares are inexpensive.

“Traffic is congested in city center. Getting around by car can be difficult. Route taxis (minivans) provide the fastest transport. They generally run on specific routes, but do not have specific stops. Drivers stop where passengers request. Route taxis can be hailed. Travel by bus or trolleybuses may be slow in rush hour. Trams are less affected by traffic jams. Trolley buses (electric buses) cannot run when temperatures drop below freezing.”

Entertainment, Sports and Recreation in Yekaterinburg

The performing arts in Yekaterinburg are first rate. The city has an excellent symphony orchestra, opera and ballet theater, and many other performing arts venues. Tickets are inexpensive. The Yekaterinburg Opera and Ballet Theater is lavishly designed and richly decorated building in the city center of Yekaterinburg. The theater was established in 1912 and building was designed by architect Vladimir Semyonov and inspired by the Vienna Opera House and the Theater of Opera and Ballet in Odessa.

Vaynera Street is a pedestrian only shopping street in city center with restaurants, cafes and some bars. But otherwise Yekaterinburg's nightlife options are limited. There are a handful of expensive Western-style restaurants and bars, none of them that great. Nightclubs serve the city's nouveau riche clientele. Its casinos have closed down. Some of them had links with organized crime. New dance clubs have sprung up that are popular with Yekaterinburg's more affluent youth.

Yekaterinburg's most popular spectator sports are hockey, basketball, and soccer. There are stadiums and arenas that host all three that have fairly cheap tickets. There is an indoor water park and lots of parks and green spaces. The Urals have many lakes, forests and mountains are great for hiking, boating, berry and mushroom hunting, swimming and fishing. Winter sports include cross-country skiing and ice skating. Winter lasts about six months and there’s usually plenty of snow. The nearby Ural Mountains however are not very high and the downhill skiing opportunities are limited..

Sights in Yekaterinburg

Sights in Yekaterinburg include the Museum of City Architecture and Ural Industry, with an old water tower and mineral collection with emeralds. malachite, tourmaline, jasper and other precious stone; Geological Alley, a small park with labeled samples of minerals found in the Urals region; the Ural Geology Museum, which houses an extensive collection of stones, gold and gems from the Urals; a monument marking the border between Europe and Asia; a memorial for gulag victims; and a graveyard with outlandish memorials for slain mafia members.

The Military History Museum houses the remains of the U-2 spy plane shot down in 1960 and locally made tanks and rocket launchers. The fine arts museum contains paintings by some of Russia's 19th-century masters. Also worth a look are the History an Local Studies Museum; the Political History and Youth Museum; and the University and Arboretum. Old wooden houses can be seen around Zatoutstovsya ulitsa and ulitsa Belinskogo. Around the city are wooded parks, lakes and quarries used to harvest a variety of minerals. Weiner Street is the main street of Yekaterinburg. Along it are lovely sculptures and 19th century architecture. Take a walk around the unique Literary Quarter

Plotinka is a local meeting spot, where you will often find street musicians performing. Plotinka can be described as the center of the city's center. This is where Yekaterinburg holds its biggest events: festivals, seasonal fairs, regional holiday celebrations, carnivals and musical fountain shows. There are many museums and open-air exhibitions on Plotinka. Plotinka is named after an actual dam of the city pond located nearby (“plotinka” means “a small dam” in Russian).In November 1723, Peter the Great ordered the construction of an ironworks in the Iset River Valley, which required a dam for its operation. “Iset” can be translated from Finnish as “abundant with fish”. This name was given to the river by the Mansi — the Finno-Ugric people dwelling on the eastern slope of the Northern Urals.

Vysotsky and Iset are skyscrapers that are 188.3 meters and 209 meters high, respectively. Fifty-story-high Iset has been described by locals as the world’s northernmost skyscraper. Before the construction of Iset, Vysotsky was the tallest building of Yekaterinburg and Russia (excluding Moscow). A popular vote has decided to name the skyscraper after the famous Soviet songwriter, singer and actor Vladimir Vysotsky. and the building was opened on November 25, 2011. There is a lookout at the top of the building, and the Vysotsky museum on its second floor. The annual “Vysotsky climb” (1137 steps) is held there, with a prize of RUB 100,000. While Vysotsky serves as an office building, Iset, owned by the Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company, houses 225 premium residential apartments ranging from 80 to 490 square meters in size.

Boris Yeltsin Presidential Center

The Boris Yeltsin Presidential Center (in the city center: ul. Yeltsina, 3) is a non-governmental organization named after the first president of the Russian Federation. The Museum of the First President of Russia as well as his archives are located in the Center. There is also a library, educational and children's centers, and exposition halls. Yeltsin lived most of his life and began his political career in Yekaterinburg. He was born in Butka about 200 kilometers east of Yekaterinburg.

The core of the Center is the Museum. Modern multimedia technologies help animate the documents, photos from the archives, and artifacts. The Yeltsin Museum holds collections of: propaganda posters, leaflets, and photos of the first years of the Soviet regime; portraits and portrait sculptures of members of Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of various years; U.S.S.R. government bonds and other items of the Soviet era; a copy of “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” by Alexander Solzhenitsyn, published in the “Novy Mir” magazine (#11, 1962); perestroika-era editions of books by Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Vasily Grossman, and other authors; theater, concert, and cinema posters, programs, and tickets — in short, all of the artifacts of the perestroika era.

The Yeltsin Center opened in 2012. Inside you will also find an art gallery, a bookstore, a gift shop, a food court, concert stages and a theater. There are regular screenings of unique films that you will not find anywhere else. Also operating inside the center, is a scientific exploritorium for children. The center was designed by Boris Bernaskoni. Almost from the its very opening, the Yeltsin Center has been accused by members of different political entities of various ideological crimes. The museum is open Tuesday to Sunday, from 10:00am to 9:00pm.

Where Nicholas II was Executed

On July, 17, 1918, during this reign of terror of the Russian Civil War, former-tsar Nicholas II, his wife, five children (the 13-year-old Alexis, 22-year-old Olga, 19-year-old Maria and 17-year-old Anastasia)the family physician, the cook, maid, and valet were shot to death by a Red Army firing squad in the cellar of the house they were staying at in Yekaterinburg.

Ipatiev House (near Church on the Blood, Ulitsa Libknekhta) was a merchant's house where Nicholas II and his family were executed. The house was demolished in 1977, on the orders of an up and coming communist politician named Boris Yeltsin. Yeltsin later said that the destruction of the house was an "act of barbarism" and he had no choice because he had been ordered to do it by the Politburo,

The site is marked with s cross with the photos of the family members and cross bearing their names. A small wooden church was built at the site. It contains paintings of the family. For a while there were seven traditional wooden churches. Mass is given ay noon everyday in an open-air museum. The Church on the Blood — constructed to honor Nicholas II and his family — was built on the part of the site in 1991 and is now a major place of pilgrimage.

Nicholas and his family where killed during the Russian civil war. It is thought the Bolsheviks figured that Nicholas and his family gave the Whites figureheads to rally around and they were better of dead. Even though the death orders were signed Yakov Sverdlov, the assassination was personally ordered by Lenin, who wanted to get them out of sight and out of mind. Trotsky suggested a trial. Lenin nixed the idea, deciding something had to be done about the Romanovs before White troops approached Yekaterinburg. Trotsky later wrote: "The decision was not only expedient but necessary. The severity of he punishment showed everyone that we would continue to fight on mercilessly, stopping at nothing."

Ian Frazier wrote in The New Yorker: “Having read a lot about the end of Tsar Nicholas II and his family and servants, I wanted to see the place in Yekaterinburg where that event occurred. The gloomy quality of this quest depressed Sergei’s spirits, but he drove all over Yekaterinburg searching for the site nonetheless. Whenever he stopped and asked a pedestrian how to get to the house where Nicholas II was murdered, the reaction was a wince. Several people simply walked away. But eventually, after a lot of asking, Sergei found the location. It was on a low ridge near the edge of town, above railroad tracks and the Iset River. The house, known as the Ipatiev House, was no longer standing, and the basement where the actual killings happened had been filled in. I found the blankness of the place sinister and dizzying. It reminded me of an erasure done so determinedly that it had worn a hole through the page. [Source: Ian Frazier, The New Yorker, August 3, 2009, Frazier is author of “Travels in Siberia” (2010)]

“The street next to the site is called Karl Liebknecht Street. A building near where the house used to be had a large green advertisement that said, in English, “LG—Digitally Yours.” On an adjoining lot, a small chapel kept the memory of the Tsar and his family; beneath a pedestal holding an Orthodox cross, peonies and pansies grew. The inscription on the pedestal read, “We go down on our knees, Russia, at the foot of the tsarist cross.”

Books: The Romanovs: The Final Chapter by Robert K. Massie (Random House, 1995); The Fall of the Romanovs by Mark D. Steinberg and Vladimir Khrustalëv (Yale, 1995);

See Separate Article END OF NICHOLAS II factsanddetails.com

Execution of Nicholas II

According to Robert Massie K. Massie, author of Nicholas and Alexandra, Nicholas II and his family were awakened from their bedrooms around midnight and taken to the basement. They were told they were to going to take some photographs of them and were told to stand behind a row of chairs.

Suddenly, a group of 11 Russians and Latvians, each with a revolver, burst into the room with orders to kill a specific person. Yakob Yurovsky, a member of the Soviet executive committee, reportedly shouted "your relatives are continuing to attack the Soviet Union.” After firing, bullets bouncing off gemstones hidden in the corsets of Alexandra and her daughters ricocheted around the room like "a shower of hail," the soldiers said. Those that were still breathing were killed with point black shots to the head.

The three sisters and the maid survived the first round thanks to their gems. They were pressed up against a wall and killed with a second round of bullets. The maid was the only one that survived. She was pursued by the executioners who stabbed her more than 30 times with their bayonets. The still writhing body of Alexis was made still by a kick to the head and two bullets in the ear delivered by Yurovsky himself.

Yurovsky wrote: "When the party entered I told the Romanovs that in view of the fact their relatives continued their offensive against Soviet Russia, the Executive Committee of the Urals Soviet had decided to shoot them. Nicholas turned his back to the detachment and faced his family. Then, as if collecting himself, he turned around, asking, 'What? What?'"

"[I] ordered the detachment to prepare. Its members had been previously instructed whom to shoot and to am directly at the heart to avoid much blood and to end more quickly. Nicholas said no more. he turned again to his family. The others shouted some incoherent exclamations. All this lasted a few seconds. Then commenced the shooting, which went on for two or three minutes. [I] killed Nicholas on the spot."

Nicholas II’s Initial Burial Site in Yekaterinburg

Ganina Yama Monastery (near the village of Koptyaki, 15 kilometers northwest of Yekaterinburg) stands near the three-meter-deep pit where some the remains of Nicholas II and his family were initially buried. The second burial site — where most of the remains were — is in a field known as Porosyonkov (56.9113628°N 60.4954326°E), seven kilometers from Ganina Yama.

On visiting Ganina Yama Monastery, one person posted in Trip Advisor: “We visited this set of churches in a pretty park with Konstantin from Ekaterinburg Guide Centre. He really brought it to life with his extensive knowledge of the history of the events surrounding their terrible end. The story is so moving so unless you speak Russian, it is best to come here with a guide or else you will have no idea of what is what.”

In 1991, the acid-burned remains of Nicholas II and his family were exhumed from a shallow roadside mass grave in a swampy area 12 miles northwest of Yekaterinburg. The remains had been found in 1979 by geologist and amateur archeologist Alexander Avdonin, who kept the location secret out of fear that they would be destroyed by Soviet authorities. The location was disclosed to a magazine by one his fellow discovers.

The original plan was to throw the Romanovs down a mine shaft and disposes of their remains with acid. They were thrown in a mine with some grenades but the mine didn't collapse. They were then carried by horse cart. The vats of acid fell off and broke. When the carriage carrying the bodies broke down it was decided the bury the bodies then and there. The remaining acid was poured on the bones, but most of it was soaked up the ground and the bones largely survived.

After this their pulses were then checked, their faces were crushed to make them unrecognizable and the bodies were wrapped in bed sheets loaded onto a truck. The "whole procedure," Yurovsky said took 20 minutes. One soldiers later bragged than he could "die in peace because he had squeezed the Empress's -------."

The bodies were taken to a forest and stripped, burned with acid and gasoline, and thrown into abandoned mine shafts and buried under railroad ties near a country road near the village of Koptyaki. "The bodies were put in the hole," Yurovsky wrote, "and the faces and all the bodies, generally doused with sulfuric acid, both so they couldn't be recognized and prevent a stink from them rotting...We scattered it with branches and lime, put boards on top and drove over it several times—no traces of the hole remained.

Shortly afterwards, the government in Moscow announced that Nicholas II had been shot because of "a counterrevolutionary conspiracy." There was no immediate word on the other members of the family which gave rise to rumors that other members of the family had escaped. Yekaterinburg was renamed Sverdlov in honor of the man who signed the death orders.

For seven years the remains of Nicholas II, Alexandra, three of their daughters and four servants were stored in polyethylene bags on shelves in the old criminal morgue in Yekaterunburg. On July 17, 1998, Nicholas II and his family and servants who were murdered with him were buried Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg along with the other Romanov tsars, who have been buried there starting with Peter the Great. Nicholas II had a side chapel built for himself at the fortress in 1913 but was buried in a new crypt.

Near Yekaterinburg

Factory-Museum of Iron and Steel Metallurgy (in Niznhy Tagil 80 kilometers north of Yekaterinburg) a museum with old mining equipment made at the site of huge abandoned iron and steel factory. Officially known as the Factory-Museum of the History of the Development of Iron and Steel Metallurgy, it covers an area of 30 hectares and contains a factory founded by the Demidov family in 1725 that specialized mainly in the production of high-quality cast iron and steel. Later, the foundry was renamed after Valerian Kuybyshev, a prominent figure of the Communist Party.

The first Russian factory museum, the unusual museum demonstrates all stages of metallurgy and metal working. There is even a blast furnace and an open-hearth furnace. The display of factory equipment includes bridge crane from 1892) and rolling stock equipment from the 19th-20th centuries. In Niznhy Tagil contains some huge blocks of malachite and

Nizhnyaya Sinyachikha (180 kilometers east-northeast of Yekaterinburg) has an open air architecture museum with log buildings, a stone church and other pre-revolutionary architecture. The village is the creation of Ivan Samoilov, a local activist who loved his village so much he dedicated 40 years of his life to recreating it as the open-air museum of wooden architecture.

The stone Savior Church, a good example of Siberian baroque architecture. The interior and exterior of the church are exhibition spaces of design. The houses are very colorful. In tsarist times, rich villagers hired serfs to paint the walls of their wooden izbas (houses) bright colors. Old neglected buildings from the 17th to 19th centuries have been brought to Nizhnyaya Sinyachikha from all over the Urals. You will see the interior design of the houses and hear stories about traditions and customs of the Ural farmers.

Verkhoturye (330 kilometers road from Yekaterinburg) is the home a 400-year-old monastery that served as 16th century capital of the Urals. Verkhoturye is a small town on the Tura River knows as the Jerusalem of the Urals for its many holy places, churches and monasteries. The town's main landmark is its Kremlin — the smallest in Russia. Pilgrims visit the St. Nicholas Monastery to see the remains of St. Simeon of Verkhoturye, the patron saint of fishermen.

Ural Mountains

Ural Mountains are the traditional dividing line between Europe and Asia and have been a crossroads of Russian history. Stretching from Kazakhstan to the fringes of the Arctic Kara Sea, the Urals lie almost exactly along the 60 degree meridian of longitude and extend for about 2,000 kilometers (1,300 miles) from north to south and varies in width from about 50 kilometers (30 miles) in the north and 160 kilometers (100 miles) the south. At kilometers 1777 on the Trans-Siberian Railway there is white obelisk with "Europe" carved in Russian on one side and "Asia" carved on the other.

The eastern side of the Urals contains a lot of granite and igneous rock. The western side is primarily sandstone and limestones. A number of precious stones can be found in the southern part of the Urals, including emeralds. malachite, tourmaline, jasper and aquamarines. The highest peaks are in the north. Mount Narodnaya is the highest of all but is only 1884 meters (6,184 feet) high. The northern Urals are covered in thick forests and home to relatively few people.

Like the Appalachian Mountains in the eastern United States, the Urals are very old mountains — with rocks and sediments that are hundreds of millions years old — that were one much taller than they are now and have been steadily eroded down over millions of years by weather and other natural processes to their current size. According to Encyclopedia Britannica: “The rock composition helps shape the topography: the high ranges and low, broad-topped ridges consist of quartzites, schists, and gabbro, all weather-resistant. Buttes are frequent, and there are north–south troughs of limestone, nearly all containing river valleys. Karst topography is highly developed on the western slopes of the Urals, with many caves, basins, and underground streams. The eastern slopes, on the other hand, have fewer karst formations; instead, rocky outliers rise above the flattened surfaces. Broad foothills, reduced to peneplain, adjoin the Central and Southern Urals on the east.

“The Urals date from the structural upheavals of the Hercynian orogeny (about 250 million years ago). About 280 million years ago there arose a high mountainous region, which was eroded to a peneplain. Alpine folding resulted in new mountains, the most marked upheaval being that of the Nether-Polar Urals...The western slope of the Urals is composed of middle Paleozoic sedimentary rocks (sandstones and limestones) that are about 350 million years old. In many places it descends in terraces to the Cis-Ural depression (west of the Urals), to which much of the eroded matter was carried during the late Paleozoic (about 300 million years ago). Found there are widespread karst (a starkly eroded limestone region) and gypsum, with large caverns and subterranean streams. On the eastern slope, volcanic layers alternate with sedimentary strata, all dating from middle Paleozoic times.”

Southern Urals

The southern Urals are characterized by grassy slopes and fertile valleys. The middle Urals are a rolling platform that barely rises above 300 meters (1,000 feet). This region is rich in minerals and has been heavily industrialized. This is where you can find Yekaterinburg (formally Sverdlovsk), the largest city in the Urals.

Most of the Southern Urals are is covered with forests, with 50 percent of that pine-woods, 44 percent birch woods, and the rest are deciduous aspen and alder forests. In the north, typical taiga forests are the norm. There are patches of herbal-poaceous steppes, northem sphagnous marshes and bushy steppes, light birch forests and shady riparian forests, tall-grass mountainous meadows, lowland ling marshes and stony placers with lichen stains. In some places there are no large areas of homogeneous forests, rather they are forests with numerous glades and meadows of different size.

In the Ilmensky Mountains Reserve in the Southern Urals, scientists counted 927 vascular plants (50 relicts, 23 endemic species), about 140 moss species, 483 algae species and 566 mushroom species. Among the species included into the Red Book of Russia are feather grass, downy-leaved feather grass, Zalessky feather grass, moccasin flower, ladies'-slipper, neottianthe cucullata, Baltic orchis, fen orchis, helmeted orchis, dark-winged orchis, Gelma sandwart, Krasheninnikov sandwart, Clare astragalus.

The fauna of the vertebrate animals in the Reserve includes 19 fish, 5 amphibian and 5 reptile. Among the 48 mammal species are elks, roe deer, boars, foxes, wolves, lynxes, badgers, common weasels, least weasels, forest ferrets, Siberian striped weasel, common marten, American mink. Squirrels, beavers, muskrats, hares, dibblers, moles, hedgehogs, voles are quite common, as well as chiropterans: pond bat, water bat, Brandt's bat, whiskered bat, northern bat, long-eared bat, parti-coloured bat, Nathusius' pipistrelle. The 174 bird bird species include white-tailed eagles, honey hawks, boreal owls, gnome owls, hawk owls, tawny owls, common scoters, cuckoos, wookcocks, common grouses, wood grouses, hazel grouses, common partridges, shrikes, goldenmountain thrushes, black- throated loons and others.

Activities and Places in the Ural Mountains

The Urals possess beautiful natural scenery that can be accessed from Yekaterinburg with a rent-a-car, hired taxi and tour. Travel agencies arrange rafting, kayaking and hiking trips. Hikes are available in the taiga forest and the Urals. Trips often include walks through the taiga to small lakes and hikes into the mountains and excursions to collect mushrooms and berries and climb in underground caves. Mellow rafting is offered in a relatively calm six kilometer section of the River Serga. In the winter visitor can enjoy cross-mountains skiing, downhill skiing, ice fishing, dog sledding, snow-shoeing and winter hiking through the forest to a cave covered with ice crystals.

Lake Shartash (10 kilometers from Yekaterinburg) is where the first Ural gold was found, setting in motion the Yekaterinburg gold rush of 1745, which created so much wealth one rich baron of that time hosted a wedding party that lasted a year. The area around Shartash Lake is a favorite picnic and barbecue spot of the locals. Getting There: by bus route No. 50, 054 or 54, with a transfer to suburban commuter bus route No. 112, 120 or 121 (the whole trip takes about an hour), or by car (10 kilometers drive from the city center, 40 minutes).

Revun Rapids (90 kilometers road from Yekaterinburg near Beklenishcheva village) is a popular white water rafting places On the nearby cliffs you can see the remains of a mysterious petroglyph from the Paleolithic period. Along the steep banks, you may notice the dark entrance of Smolinskaya Cave. There are legends of a sorceress who lived in there. The rocks at the riverside are suited for competitive rock climbers and beginners. Climbing hooks and rings are hammered into rocks. The most fun rafting is generally in May and June.

Olenii Ruchii National Park (100 kilometers west of Yekaterinburg) is the most popular nature park in Sverdlovsk Oblast and popular weekend getaway for Yekaterinburg residents. Visitors are attracted by the beautiful forests, the crystal clear Serga River and picturesque rocks caves. There are some easy hiking routes: the six-kilometer Lesser Ring and the 15-kilometer Greater Ring. Another route extends for 18 km and passes by the Mitkinsky Mine, which operated in the 18th-19th centuries. It's a kind of an open-air museum — you can still view mining an enrichment equipment here. There is also a genuine beaver dam nearby.

Among the other attractions at Olenii Ruchii are Druzhba (Friendship) Cave, with passages that extend for about 500 meters; Dyrovaty Kamen (Holed Stone), created over time by water of Serga River eroding rock; and Utoplennik (Drowned Man), where you can see “The Angel of Sole Hope”., created by the Swedish artist Lehna Edwall, who has placed seven angels figures in different parts of the world to “embrace the planet, protecting it from fear, despair, and disasters.”

Image Sources: Wikimedia Commons

Text Sources: Federal Agency for Tourism of the Russian Federation (official Russia tourism website russiatourism.ru ), Russian government websites, UNESCO, Wikipedia, Lonely Planet guides, New York Times, Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, National Geographic, The New Yorker, Bloomberg, Reuters, Associated Press, AFP, Yomiuri Shimbun and various books and other publications.

Updated in September 2020

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Yekaterinburg

Yekaterinburg [lower-alpha 1] is a city and the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast and the Ural Federal District , Russia. The city is located on the Iset River between the Volga-Ural region and Siberia , with a population of roughly 1.5   million residents, [14] up to 2.2   million residents in the urban agglomeration. Yekaterinburg is the fourth-largest city in Russia, the largest city in the Ural Federal District, and one of Russia's main cultural and industrial centres. Yekaterinburg has been dubbed the "Third capital of Russia", as it is ranked third by the size of its economy, culture, transportation and tourism. [15] [16] [17] [18]

Imperial era

Contemporary era, demographics, administrative districts, administration, living costs and the labor market, finance and business, retail and services, transportation, public transit, media and telecommunications, life and culture, architecture, international relations, bric summit, twin towns – sister cities, notable people, bibliography, external links.

Yekaterinburg was founded on 18 November 1723 and named after the Orthodox name of Catherine I (born Marta Helena Skowrońska), the Polish wife of Russian Emperor Peter the Great . The city served as the mining capital of the Russian Empire as well as a strategic connection between Europe and Asia. In 1781, Catherine the Great gave Yekaterinburg the status of a district town of Perm Province , and built the historical Siberian Route through the city. [3] Yekaterinburg became a key city to Siberia, which had rich resources. In the late 19th century, Yekaterinburg became one of the centres of revolutionary movements in the Urals. In 1924, after the Russian SFSR founded the Soviet Union , the city was renamed Sverdlovsk after the Bolshevik leader Yakov Sverdlov . During the Soviet era, Sverdlovsk was turned into an industrial and administrative powerhouse. On 23 September 1991 the city returned to its historical name.

Yekaterinburg is one of Russia's most important economic centres and was one of the host cities of the 2018 FIFA World Cup . The city is currently experiencing an economic and population boom, which resulted in some of the tallest skyscrapers of Russia being located in the city. Yekaterinburg is home to the headquarters of the Central Military District of the Russian Armed Forces , as well as the presidium of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences .

Yekaterinburg is famous for its constructivist architecture [19] [20] [21] and is also considered the "Russian capital of street art ". [22] [23] [24]

The area was settled in prehistory. The earliest settlements date to 8000–7000   BC, in the Mesolithic period . The Isetskoe Pravoberezhnoye I archaeological site contains a Neolithic settlement dated to 6000–5000   BC. It includes stone processing workshops with artefacts such as grinding plates, anvils, clumps of rock, tools, and finished products. Over 50 different types of rock and minerals were used in tool making, indicating extensive knowledge of the region's natural resources. The Gamayun peninsula (left bank of the Verkh-Isetsky Pond) has archaeological findings from the Chalcolithic Period : workshops for producing stone tools (upper area) and two dwellings of the Ayat culture (lower area). There are also traces of the Koptyak culture from 2000   BC: dishes decorated with bird images and evidence of metallurgical production. The Tent I site contains the only Koptyak culture burials discovered in the Ural Mountains . In the Bronze Age , the people of Gamayun culture lived in the area. They left fragments of ceramics, weapons, and ornaments. [25] [26] [27]

Archaeological artifacts in the vicinity of Yekaterinburg were first discovered during railway construction, at the end of the 19th century. Excavation and research began in the 20th century. Artifacts are held at the Sverdlovsk Regional Museum of Local Lore , at the Hermitage , at the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences, and at other museums. [26]

The first Russian settlements within the boundaries of modern Yekaterinburg appeared in the second half of the 17th century — in 1672, an Old Believers village arose in the area of Shartash lake [28] (this fact is disputed by historians, since no evidence of the founding of the village at that time was found in the sources), [29] and in 1680 – 1682, the villages of Nizhny and Verkhny Uktus appeared on the banks of Uktus River (now the territory of the Chkalovsky district of the city). [30] In 1702, by the initiative of the head of Sibirskiy prikaz Andrew Vinius , the Uktus state ironwork plant was founded near Nizhny Uktus — the first ironworks within the boundaries of modern Yekaterinburg. [31] In 1704, the Shuvakish ironworks was built (now the territory of the Zheleznodorozhny district of the city). [28] With the beginning of active construction of factories in the Urals in the 18th century, relations with their southern neighbors, the Bashkirs , became strained. As a result of the Bashkir raid in 1709, the village of Verkhny Uktus was devastated, all buildings, including the wooden church and chapel, were burned, the residents fled to the protection of the Uktus plant fortifications. [30] On the night of 5 April 1718, a fire destroyed all the factory buildings of the Uktus plant, except for the dam, and the plant was restored only by 1720 under the supervision of Timofey Burtsev. [32] However, the plant did not receive further development due to the lack of water in Uktus river.

In 1720, by decree of Peter I , a delegation led by mining specialist Johann Blüher and statesman Vasily Tatishchev was sent to the Urals . [33] They were entrusted with managing the mining industry, identifying the causes of the collapse and reduction of production at state-owned factories. [33] On 29 December 1720, [33] Tatishchev and Blüher arrive at the Uktus plant, which became their main residence in the Urals. As a result of familiarizing himself with the state of nearby state-owned factories, Tatishchev came to the conclusion that on the basis of these factories, even if they were reconstructed and expanded, it would not be possible to quickly increase the production of iron, and it would be more profitable to build a new large plant. After inspecting the immediate area, together with the commissary of the Uktus plant, Timofey Burtsev, a place rich in ore and forest was chosen on the banks of the more full-flowing Iset River , 7 versts from Uktus. [33] On 6 February 1721, Tatishchev sent a message to the Collegium of Mining , in which he asked permission to begin construction of the plant, with detailed explanations and justification for this project. [33] On 1 March 1721, without waiting for a response from the Collegium, Tatishchev began construction of the new plant, [28] but he failed to convince Collegium, and by the Collegium decree of 10 December 1721, he was removed from the leadership of mining affairs in the Urals. [28] In 1722, by decree of Peter the Great, a mining engineer, Major General Georg Wilhelm de Gennin , was sent to the Urals in place of Tatishchev. Having studied all the circumstances, de Gennin fully supported Tatishchev’s project, and on 12 March 1723, construction of the plant on Iset resumed. [28]

Russian historian Vasily Tatishchev and Russian engineer Georg Wilhelm de Gennin founded Yekaterinburg with the construction of a massive iron-making plant under the decree of Russian emperor Peter the Great in 1723. [34] They named the city after the emperor's wife, Yekaterina, who later became empress regnant Catherine   I . [2] Officially, the city's founding date is 18 November 1723, when the shops carried out a test run of the bloomery for trip hammers. [2] The plant was commissioned 6 days later, on 24 November. [35] 1723 also saw the establishment of Yekaterinburg fortress , which would encompass many of the settlement's earliest buildings. Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak very vividly described the beginning of the construction of a mining plant and a fortress: "Imagine completely deserted banks of the Iset river, covered with forest. In the spring of 1723, soldiers from Tobolsk, peasants of the assigned settlements, hired craftsmen appeared, and everything around came to life, as if by the dictates of a fairy tale. They dropped the forest, prepared a place for the dam, laid blast furnaces, raised the rampart, set up barracks and houses for the authorities... ". [36]

In 1722–1726 the Verkhne-Uktussky mining plant was built, [37] which was officially called the plant of the princess Elizabeth (the future village of Elizabeth, or Elizavetinskoe) and became a part of modern Yekaterinburg in 1934. [38] In 1726, Wilhelm de Gennin founded an auxiliary Verkh-Isetsky plant with a working settlement 2 versts from Yekaterinburg upstream ('verkh' in Russian) the Iset River. [39] The plant's dam formed the Verkh-Isetsky pond. Colloquially called by the Russian acronym VIZ, it was a satellite town until in 1926, with a population of over 20,000 people by this time, it was incorporated into Yekaterinburg as the core of the Verkh-Isetsky district. [39]

Yekaterinburg was one of the industrial cities of Russia prompted at the beginning of the 18th century by decrees of Tsar Peter the Great which demanded the development of the metalworking industry. With extensive use of iron, the city was built to a regular square plan with ironworks and residential buildings at the centre. These were surrounded by fortified walls so that Yekaterinburg was at the same time both a manufacturing centre and a fortress at the frontier between Europe and Asia. It, therefore, found itself at the heart of Russia's strategy for further development of the entire Ural region. The so-called Siberian Route became operational in 1763 and placed the city on an increasingly important transit route, which led to its development as a focus of trade and commerce between east and west, and gave rise to the description of the city as the "window to Asia". With the growth in trade and the city's administrative importance, the ironworks became less critical, and the more important buildings were increasingly built using expensive stone. Small manufacturing and trading businesses proliferated. In 1781 Russia's empress, Catherine the Great, granted Yekaterinburg town status and nominated it as the administrative centre for the wider region within Perm Governorate . [3] In 1807, the role of the capital of the mining and smelting region was confirmed by assigning it the status of the only "mountain city" in Russia. Until 1863, Yekaterinburg remained subordinate to the head of the mining plants of the Ural ridge , the minister of finance and personally to the emperor, and enjoyed considerable freedom from the governor's power. Since the 1830s, mountainous Yekaterinburg has become the center of mechanical engineering. [36]

In 1820–1845, 45% of the world's gold was mined in Yekaterinburg. This is the first ever "Gold Rush". [40] Until 1876, 80% of the coins in circulation in the Russian Empire were produced at the Yekaterinburg mint. [41]

Following the October Revolution , the family of deposed Tsar Nicholas II was sent to internal exile in Yekaterinburg where they were imprisoned in the Ipatiev House in the city. In July 1918, the Czechoslovak Legions were closing on Yekaterinburg. In the early hours of the morning of 17 July, the deposed Tsar, his wife Alexandra , and their children Grand Duchesses Olga , Tatiana , Maria , Anastasia , and Tsarevich Alexei were murdered by the Bolsheviks at the Ipatiev House. Other members of the Romanov family were killed at Alapayevsk later the same day. The Legions arrived less than a week later and captured the city. [42] [43] The city remained under the control of the White movement in which a provisional government was established. The Red Army took back the city and restored Soviet authority on 14 July 1919. [44] [45]

In the years following the Russian Revolution and the Russian Civil War , political authority of the Urals was transferred from Perm to Yekaterinburg. On 19 October 1920, Yekaterinburg established its first university, the Ural State University , as well as polytechnic, pedagogical, and medical institutions under the decree of Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin . Enterprises in the city ravaged by the war were nationalised, including: the Metalist (formerly Yates) Plant, the Verkh-Isetsky (formerly Yakovleva) Plant, and the Lenin flax-spinning factory (formerly Makarov). In 1924, the city of Yekaterinburg was renamed Sverdlovsk after the Bolshevik leader Yakov Sverdlov . [46] [28] [44]

By the 1934, following a series of administrative reforms carried by the early Soviet government, the earliest Russian settlements which predated Yekaterinburg and laid the basis of its founding, were incorporated into the city proper. [38] [47]

During the reign of Stalin, Sverdlovsk was one of several places developed by the Soviet government as a centre of heavy industry. Old factories were reconstructed and new large factories were built, especially those specialised in machine-building and metalworking. These plants included Magnitogorsk and the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant in Chelyabinsk oblast , and Uralmash in Sverdlovsk. During this time, the population of Sverdlovsk tripled in size, and it became one of the fastest-growing cities of the Soviet Union. At that time, very large powers were given to the regional authorities. By the end of the 1930s, there were 140 industrial enterprises, 25 research institutes, and 12 higher education institutions in Sverdlovsk. [48] [49]

During World War II, the city became the headquarters of the Ural Military District on the basis of which more than 500 different military units and formations were formed, including the 22nd Army and the Ural Volunteer Tank Corps. Uralmash became the main production site for armoured vehicles. Many state technical institutions and whole factories were relocated to Sverdlovsk away from cities affected by war (mostly Moscow), with many of them staying in Sverdlovsk after the victory. The Hermitage Museum collections were also partly evacuated from Leningrad to Sverdlovsk in July 1941 and remained there until October 1945. [50] In the postwar years, new industrial and agricultural enterprises were put into operation and massive housing construction began. [51] [44] The lookalike five-story apartment blocks that remain today in Kirovsky, Chkalovsky, and other residential areas of Sverdlovsk sprang up in the 1960s, under the direction of Nikita Khrushchev 's government. [52] In 1977, Ipatiev House was demolished by order of Boris Yeltsin in accordance to a resolution from the Politburo in order to prevent it from being used as a rallying location for monarchists . Yeltsin later became the first President of Russia and represented the people at the funeral of the former Tsar in 1998. [53] There was an anthrax outbreak in Sverdlovsk in April and May 1979, which was attributed to a release from the Sverdlovsk-19 military facility . [54]

During the 1991 coup d'état attempt , Sverdlovsk, the home city of President Boris Yeltsin, was selected by him as a temporary reserve capital for the Russian Federation, in case Moscow became too dangerous for the Russian government. A reserve cabinet headed by Oleg Lobov was sent to the city, where Yeltsin enjoyed strong popular support at that time. [55] Shortly after the failure of the coup and subsequent dissolution of the Soviet Union, the city regained its historical name of Yekaterinburg on 23 September 1991. However, Sverdlovsk Oblast, of which Yekaterinburg is the administrative centre, kept its name. [56] [57]

In the 2000s, an intensive growth of trade, business, and tourism began in Yekaterinburg. In 2003, Russian President Vladimir Putin and German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder negotiated in Yekaterinburg. On 15–17 June 2009, the SCO and BRIC summits were held in Yekaterinburg, which greatly improved the economic, cultural, and tourist situation in the city. On 13–16 July 2010, a meeting between Russian President Dmitry Medvedev and German Chancellor Angela Merkel took place in the city. [58]

In 2018, Yekaterinburg hosted four matches of the 2018 FIFA World Cup and hosted the inaugural University International Sports Festival in 2023. [59]

Geographically, Yekaterinburg is in North Asia, close to the Ural Mountains (which divide Europe from Asia), 1,667   km (1,036   mi) east of the nation's capital Moscow.

The city has a total area of 1,111   km 2 (429   sq   mi) .

Yekaterinburg is on the eastern side of the Urals. The city is surrounded by wooded hills, partially cultivated for agricultural purposes. Yekaterinburg is located on a natural watershed, so there would be many bodies of water close and in the city. The city is bisected by the Iset River , which flows from the Urals into the Tobol River . There are two lakes in the city, Lake Shuvakish and Lake Shartash. The city borders Verkh-Isetskiy Pond, through which the Iset River flows. Lake Isetskoye and Lake Baltym are both near the city, with Lake Isetskoye located near Sredneuralsk , and Lake Baltym located near the towns of Sanatornyy and Baltym.

Yekaterinburg uses the Yekaterinburg Time, which is five hours ahead of UTC (UTC+5), and two hours ahead of Moscow Time . [60]

The city possesses a humid continental climate ( Dfb ) under the Köppen climate classification . [61] It is characterised by sharp variability in weather conditions, with well-marked seasons. The Ural Mountains, despite their insignificant height, block air from the west, from the European part of Russia. As a result, the Central Urals are open to the invasion of cold arctic air and continental air from the West Siberian Plain. Equally, warm air masses from the Caspian Sea and the deserts of Central Asia can freely penetrate from the south. Therefore, the weather in Yekaterinburg is characterised by sharp temperature fluctuations and weather anomalies: in winter, from frost at −40   °C to thaw and rain; in summer, from frosts to temperatures above 35   °C (95   °F) . [61]

The distribution of precipitation is determined by the circulation of air masses, relief, and air temperatures. The main part of the precipitation is brought by cyclones with a western air mass transfer, that is, from the European part of Russia, while their average annual amount is 601   mm. The maximum falls on a warm season, during which about 60–70% of the annual amount falls. For the winter period is characterized by snow cover with an average capacity of 40–50   cm. The coefficient of moistening(the ratio of yearly precipitation and potential evaporation ) – 1. [61]

• The average temperature in January is −12.6   °C (9.3   °F) . The record minimum temperature is −44.6   °C (−48.3   °F) (6 January 1915);
• The average July temperature is 18.9   °C (66.0   °F) . The record maximum temperature is 40.0   °C (104.0   °F) (11 July 2023);
• The average annual temperature is 2.1   °C (35.8   °F) ;
• The average annual wind speed is 2.9   m/s (10   km/h; 6.5   mph) ;
• The average annual humidity is 75%;
• The average annual precipitation is 534   mm (21.0   in) ;

According to the results of the 2021 Census , the population of Yekaterinburg was 1,544,376 ; [64] up from 1,349,772 recorded in the 2010 Census . [7]

As of 2021, the ethnic composition of Yekaterinburg was: [65]

Christianity is the predominant religion in the city, of which most are adherents to the Russian Orthodox Church. The Yekaterinburg and Verkhotursky diocese is located in the Holy Trinity Cathedral in the city. Other religions practised in Yekaterinburg include Islam , Old Believers , Catholicism , Protestantism , and Judaism .

Yekaterinburg has a significant Muslim community, but it suffers from a lack of worship space: there are only two small mosques . Another mosque was built in the nearby city of Verkhnyaya Pyshma . On 24 November 2007, the first stone was laid in the construction of a large Cathedral Mosque with four minarets , and space for 2,500 parishioners in the immediate vicinity of the cathedral and a synagogue , thus forming the "area of the three religions". [66] The mosque was planned to be built for the SCO summit, but due to funding problems, construction did not move from zero and is now frozen.

Construction of a Methodist church started in 1992, and with the help of American donations, finished in 2001. [67] A synagogue was opened in 2005, on the same place a 19th-century synagogue was demolished in 1962.

Most of the city's religious buildings were destroyed during the Soviet era, in addition to the synagogue, the three largest Orthodox churches in Yekaterinburg were demolished – the Epiphany Cathedral, the Ekaterininsky Cathedral, and the Great Zlatoust Church . Other Christian churches such as the Lutheran Church of Yekaterinburg and the Roman Catholic Church of St. Anne (a new Catholic St. Anne's Church was built in 2000) were demolished as well. Other churches were used as warehouses and industrial sites. The only religious building in Yekaterinburg in the Soviet era was the Cathedral of St. John the Baptist. Recently, some churches are being rebuilt. Since 2006, according to the surviving drawings, the Great Zlatoust Church was restored in 2012. On 17 April 2010, the city was visited by Patriarch Kirill . [68]

Yekaterinburg is the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast . [1] Within the framework of the administrative divisions , it is, together with twenty-nine rural localities , incorporated as the City of Yekaterinburg, [9] an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . [1] As a municipal division, the City of Yekaterinburg is incorporated as Yekaterinburg Urban Okrug. [10]

Each district is not a municipal formation, and the historical centre of the city is divided into five inner-city districts (except Chkalovsky and Ordzhonikidzevsky).

A district named Akademicheskiy was formed from the parts of Leninsky and Verkh-Isetsky districts on 3 January 2020. [70] On 1 October 2021, more settlements were transferred from Verkh-Isetsky to Akademicheskiy district. [71]

The Charter of Yekaterinburg establishes a four-link system for the organisation of local authorities, which includes: the Head of Yekaterinburg, who serves as the chairman of the Yekaterinburg City Duma, the Yekaterinburg City Duma, the Administration of the City of Yekaterinburg, and the Chamber of Accounts. [74]

According to the charter of Yekaterinburg, the highest official of the municipal formation is the mayor of Yekaterinburg. The mayor is elected by universal suffrage, but since 3 April 2018, the procedure for direct elections of the mayor of the City of Yekaterinburg was abolished. The mayor of the city is endowed with representative powers and powers to organize activities and guide the activities of the City Duma. In addition, the mayor of the city exercises other powers such as concluding a contract with the head of the city administration and ensuring compliance with the Russian Constitution, Russian legislation, the city charter, and other normative acts. [75] [76]

In the event of a temporary absence of the mayor of Yekaterinburg, his authority under his written order is exercised by the deputy mayor of Yekaterinburg. [77]

The representative body of the municipal formation is the Yekaterinburg City Duma, which represents the city's entire population. The membership of the Duma is 36 deputies (18 deputies were elected in single-mandate constituencies and 18 in a single electoral district). Residents of the city elect deputies on the basis of universal suffrage for a period of 5 years. [74]

The executive and administrative body of the municipal formation is the Administration of the City of Yekaterinburg, led by the head of the Administration, currently held by Aleksandr Yacob. The administration is endowed with its own powers to resolve issues of local importance, but it is under the control and accountable to the Yekaterinburg City Duma. The building of the Administration of Yekaterinburg is located on 1905 Square . [76]

The Chamber of Accounts is a permanently operating body of external municipal financial control. The Chamber is formed by the apparatus of the City Duma and is accountable to it. The Chamber consists of the chairman, deputy chairman, auditors and staff. The structure and number of staff of the chamber, including the number of auditors, is determined by the decision of the City Duma. The term of office of the Chamber staff is 5 years. The Chamber of Accounts is a legal entity. [77]

In accordance with the regional charter, Yekaterinburg is the administrative centre of the Sverdlovsk Oblast. [1] The executive power is exercised by the governor of Sverdlovsk Oblast, the legislative power by the legislative assembly of Sverdlovsk Oblast, and the judicial power by the Sverdlovsk Regional Court, located in the building of the Palace of Justice. [78] The building serving the regional government is the White House and the building serving the legislative assembly is located next to it on October Square. The ministries of the Sverdlovsk Region are located in the building of the regional government, as well as in other separate buildings of the city. [79]

Yekaterinburg serves as the centre of the Ural Federal District. As a result, it serves as the residence of the presidential envoy , the highest official of the district and part of the administration of the President of Russia. The residence is located the building of the regional government on October Square near the Iset River embankment.

In addition, Yekaterinburg serves as the centre of the Central Military District and more than 30 territorial branches of the federal executive bodies, whose jurisdiction extends not only to Sverdlovsk Oblast, but also to other regions in the Ural Mountains, Siberia, and the Volga Region.

According to the results of the September 2013 elections, the mayor of the city was Yevgeny Roizman , nominated by the Civil Platform party. Out of the 36 seats in the City Duma, 21 belong to United Russia , 7 to A Just Russia , 3 to the Civil Platform, 2 to the Communist Party and 1 seat to the LDPR . The turnout in the mayoral elections was 33.57%. [80]

It was the last popular vote in Yekaterinburg. Since 2018, there have been no elections, but a vote in the Municipal Duma. On 25 September 2018 the majority of the representatives in the Duma voted in favour of the Vice-Governor of Sverdlovsk oblast, Alexander Vysokinskiy.

Yekaterinburg is one of the largest economic centres in Russia. It is included in the City-600 list (it unites the 600 largest cities in the world that produce 60% of global GDP), compiled by the McKinsey Global Institute, a research organisation. In 2010, the consulting company estimated the gross product of Yekaterinburg to be about $19   billion (according to the calculations of the company, it should grow to $40   billion by 2025). [82] [83]

By volume of the economy, Yekaterinburg ranks third in the country, after Moscow and St. Petersburg. According to a research of the Institute for Urban Economics, in the ranking of the largest cities and regional capital cities according to economic standards for 2015, Yekaterinburg ranked third. The city's gross urban product (GVP) was 898   billion rubles. Per capita GDP was 621.0 thousand rubles (18th place). [84] In 2015, the gross urban product of the Yekaterinburg metropolitan area amounted to 50.7   billion international dollars (the fourth place in the country) or 25.4 thousand international dollars in terms of per inhabitant of the metropolitan area. [85]

In the Soviet era, Yekaterinburg (as Sverdlovsk) was a purely industrial city, with a share of industry in the economy of 90% (of which 90% were in defense production). With Chelyabinsk and Perm, the three cities formed what to be the Urals industrial hub. [86]

The former head of Yekaterinburg, Arkady Chernetsky, has set the goal of diversifying the city's economy, which has resulted in the development of sectors such as warehousing, transportation, logistics, telecommunications, financial sector, wholesale and retail trade, etc. in Yekaterinburg. [86] Economist-geographer Natalia Zubarevich points out that at the present stage, Yekaterinburg has practically lost its industrial specialisation. [87]

The standard of living in Yekaterinburg exceeds the average standard across Russia. According to the Department of Sociology of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, it is among the top ten cities with the highest standard of living. Compared to other Russian cities with a population of around or over one million, in 2015, Yekaterinburg held a leading position in terms of average monthly wages and retail turnover, in terms of the total volume of investments in fourth place of fixed assets, and second place in housing placement. [88] [89]

The average monthly wage in Yekaterinburg following the results of 2019 was 54,976 rubles. This is the first place among the millionth municipalities of the Russian Federation. [90] There are on average 440,300 people employed by large and middle-sized organisations and companies. The unemployment rate at the end of 2015 was 0.83% of the total economically active population. Locals labelled the main problems of the city such the current state of the healthcare system, housing system, and transportation system. [89] [91]

The budget of Yekaterinburg in 2015 was executed on income in the amount of 32,063.6   million rubles, for expenses in the amount of 32,745.8   million rubles. Among the budget expenditures: 17 billion rubles were spent on education, over 1 billion rubles on culture, and about 900 million rubles on health. The main part of the revenue of the city treasury was its own tax and non-tax revenues (more than 18 billion rubles). The revenues from the regional and federal budgets were at the lowest level in 10 years. Specialists noted a decrease in tax revenues and an increase in tax debt (exceeded 2 billion rubles). [89] [92]

The main budget expenditures are the development of the economy (which accounts for 19% of expenditures) and the social security of the townspeople (11% of expenditures go). Cities such as Perm, Kazan and Ufa, spend for these purposes in a smaller percentage of costs (from 2 to 6%). Also, a fairly strict budgetary discipline is noted—the budget deficit is kept at the level of 2% of its volume. [93]

Yekaterinburg is one of the largest financial and business centres in Russia, with offices of multinational corporations, representative offices of foreign companies, and a large number of federal and regional financial and credit organisations. The financial market of Yekaterinburg is characterised by stability and independence, based both on the broad presence of large foreign and Moscow credit organisations and on the availability of large and stable local financial holdings. [94]

The financial sector of Yekaterinburg has more than 100 banks, including 11 foreign banks. The list of the largest Russian banks for assets for 2016 included 10 banks registered in Yekaterinburg, including but not all: Ural Bank for Reconstruction and Development, SKB-Bank, Uraltransbank, and UM Bank. [95] [96]

IT "SKB Kontur" from Yekaterinburg – the largest software manufacturer in Russia – first place according to the RAEX rating [97]

Also in Yekaterinburg is the Ural headquarters of the Central Bank of Russia. Since 7 August 2017, by order of the Bank of Russia, the branches of the Siberian, Far Eastern and part of the Prevolzhsky Federal Districts have been transferred to the control of the Ural Megaregal Directorate. Thus, this is one of the three main departments of the Mega-regulator in the territory of Russia. [98]

A major role in the formation of Yekaterinburg as a business centre has its infrastructural potential, which is growing at a high rate: transport accessibility for Russian and foreign economic entities, the availability of hotels, advanced communication services, business related services (consulting, exhibition activities, etc.). [94] Yekaterinburg has its own central business district, Yekaterinburg City. [99]

Yekaterinburg has been a major industrial centre since its foundation. In the 18th century, the main branches were smelting and processing of metal. Since the beginning of the 19th century, machine building appeared, and in the second half of the 19th century, light and food (especially milling) industry was widely spread. A new stage in the development of production occurred during the period of industrialisation – at this time in the city, factories were built, which determined the industry specialisation of heavy engineering. During World War II, Yekaterinburg (as Sverdlovsk) hosted about sixty enterprises evacuated from Central Russia and Ukraine. As a result, there was a sharp increase in the production capacity of existing plants and the emergence of new branches of the Urals industry.

At present, more than 220 large and medium-sized enterprises are registered in Yekaterinburg, 197 of them in manufacturing industries. [94] In 2015, they shipped 323,288 million rubles worth of own-produced goods. Production by industry was divided accordingly: metallurgical production and metalworking 20.9%, food production 13.3%, production of electrical equipment, electronic and optical equipment 9.2%, production of vehicles 8.4%, production of machinery and equipment 6.4%, chemical production 5.5%, production of other nonmetallic mineral products 3.7%, production of rubber and plastic products 2.8%, pulp and paper production, publishing and printing 0.5%, and other 29.3%. [100]

Several headquarters of large Russian industrial companies are located in the city: IDGC of Urals, Enel Russia, Steel-Industrial Company, Russian Copper Company, Kalina, NLMK-Sort, VIZ-Stal, Sinara Group, Uralelectrotyazhmash, Automation Association named after academician NA Semikhatov, Ural Heavy Machinery Plant (Uralmash), Fat Plant, Fores, confectionery association Sladko, Machine Building Plant named after M.I. Kalinin, Ural Turbine Plant, Uralkhimmash and others. [101]

Yekaterinburg ranks first in retail trade of the Russian Federation per capita, ahead of Moscow. [102] The consumer market contributes significantly to Yekaterinburg's economy. Revenue of retail stores in 2015 amounted to 725.9   billion rubles, and the number of retailers totaled 4,290. [103] As of 1 January 2016, 36 shopping centers operate in the city, taking up a total area of which was 1,502,700   m 2 (16,175,000   sq   ft) . The availability of shopping centres per 1,000 inhabitants increased to 597.2   m 2 (6,428   sq   ft) . [104]

Retail areas amounted to 2,019,000   m 2 (21,730,000   sq   ft) , with the availability of retail space reached 1,366.3   m 2 (14,707   sq   ft) per 1,000 inhabitants. According to these statistics, Yekaterinburg holds leading positions among other major cities of Russia. In the consumer market of Yekaterinburg, 1041 network operators are represented. The number of wholesale enterprises totalled 1,435. Among the Federal construction stores represented in the city, you can select: Leroy Merlin, [105] Castorama, [106] Domostroy, [107] Maxidom, [108] OBI, [109] Sdvor. [110] Yekaterinburg has an agricultural market named Shartashsky. [104] [111]

The revenue of catering in 2015 totalled 38.6   billion rubles. The network of catering enterprises in Yekaterinburg is presented as follows: 153 restaurants, 210 bars, 445 cafes, 100 coffee houses, 582 dining rooms, 189 eateries, 173 fast-food establishments, 10 tea shops, 319 other types of institutions (buffets, cafeterias, catering companies). 82.6% of catering enterprises provide additional services to consumers. [112]

The revenue of the services industry in 2015 totalled 74.9   billion rubles. The fastest pace in the city is developing hairdressing services, sewing and knitting atelier services, pawnshop services, fitness centre services. The network of public service enterprises in Yekaterinburg includes 5,185 facilities. In 2015, the provision of service areas for service enterprises totaled 382.1   m 2 (4,113   sq   ft) per 1,000 citizens. The highest concentration of household services is observed in the Verkh-Isetsky, Oktyabrsky and Leninsky districts. [113]

Greenwich Shopping Center, as of 2021, is the largest shopping center in Europe. [114]

The largest store in the world by area is Sima-Land. [115]

Yekaterinburg is a major centre for the Russian tourist industry. In 2015, the city was one of the top five most visited Russian cities (others being Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk , and Vladivostok ) according to the Global Destinations Cities Index, which represents the payment system Mastercard . [116] In recent years, a lot of work has been done to create a positive image of Yekaterinburg as a centre for international tourism, including holding of summits for the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) in 2008 and 2009 and the international exhibition Innoprom in 2009 and 2010. [117] In 2014, Yekaterinburg ranked third among Russian cities in popularity among foreign tourists after Moscow and St. Petersburg. [118]

In 2015, the total flow of inbound tourism grew by 10% compared to the previous year and amounted to 2.1   million people. [119] In recent years, there has been a tendency to reduce the role of business tourism in the overall flow: if in 2013 about 80% of trips were business, in 2015 their number was already 67%. Most tourists go to "bow to the memory of the last and his family." In addition, new tourist ideas are developing such as the Bazhov theme, the geological and mineralogical theme, industrial tourism, and the event calendar. [120]

Yekaterinburg is the third largest transport hub of Russia, behind Moscow and St. Petersburg. The city has 6 federal highways, 7 main railway lines, and an international airport. The location of Yekaterinburg in the central part of the region allows for 7 to 10 hours to get from it to any large city of the Urals. [121] The formation of Yekaterinburg as an important transportation hub is largely due to the city's favourable geographical location on a low stretch of the Ural Mountains, through which it was convenient to lay the main roads connecting the European and Eastern parts of Russia. [122]

Yekaterinburg is one of the ten Russian megacities with the largest car fleet (0.437 megacars were registered in the city in 2014), which has been intensively increasing in recent years (by 6–14% annually). [123] [124] The level of car ownership in 2015 has reached 410 cars per 1,000 people. [125] Its pace in the past few years has seriously exceeded the pace of development and the capacity of the road infrastructure. For the first time, transport problems started to appear in Yekaterinburg in the 1980s and though it did not seem threatening at first, the situation gets worse every year. Studies have shown that as early as 2005, the capacity limit for the road network was reached, which has now led to permanent congestion. [126] To increase the capacity of the street-road network, stage-by-stage reconstruction of streets is being carried out, as well as multi-level interchanges being built. In order to reduce the transit traffic, the Sverdlovsk Oblast administration announced two road projects in 2014: the Yekaterinburg Ring Road (EKAD) and an overpass road on Sovetskaya Street. The Yekaterinburg Ring Road would surround the largest municipalities of Yekaterinburg. Its purpose would be to help the city's economy and reduce traffic on the Middle Ring Road of the city, making it easier for civilians to commute around the city than going through the city's traffic congestion. Eventually, the Ring Road would connect to other federal roads in order for easier access between other Russian cities. Construction of the road started in the same year. The projects were assigned to the Ministry of Transport and Communications since the projects were crucial to the city's economy. Officials hope the road projects will build environments more conducive to improving local quality of life and outside investments. Completing these major inter-regional roads will increase productive traffic by 50% to 100%, improving the local economy with its ease of access to industries. [127]

Since 2014, the project for the introduction of paid parking in the central part of Yekaterinburg is being implemented. The project is implemented in parallel with the increase in the number of intercepting parking lots and the construction of parking lots. At the end of 2015, in the central part of the city there were 2,307 paid parking places. [125]

The total length of the road network in Yekaterinburg is 1,311.5   km (814.9   mi) , of which 929.8   km (577.8   mi) is cobbled carriageways, 880   km (550   mi) is with upgraded coverage, 632   km (393   mi) is backbone networks, of which 155   km (96   mi) are on the citywide backbone network movement. 20 interchanges have been constructed at different levels within the city limits, including 11 on the EKAD and 9 on the middle ring. 74 transport facilities (27 bridges across the Iset River, Patrushikha, Mostovka, Istok Rivers, 13 dams on the Iset, Patrushikha, Istok, Olkhovka, Warm, Shilovka Rivers, 23 road overpasses , and 18 out-of-the-way pedestrian crossings) were built as well. [128]

Yekaterinburg is served by the following highways: [129]

Yekaterinburg uses almost all types of public transport. The largest transportation services—the Municipal Association of Bus Enterprises, the Tram-Trolleybus Office, and the Yekaterinburg Metro —transported 207.4   million people in 2015. [130] The total volume of passenger transportation by all land transport modes decreases annually. If the annual passenger traffic of municipal transport was 647.1   million people in 2002, and according to this index the city occupied the third place in the country with a wide margin, then in 2008 this figure would be 412 million people (the fourth place in Russia). [131] [132]

Since 1991, the city operates the sixth metro in Russia and the thirteenth in the CIS . At the moment there is one line with 9 stations. In 2015 49.9   million passengers were transported; according to this metric the Yekaterinburg Metro is the fourth in Russia, behind the Moscow Metro, Saint Petersburg Metro, and Novosibirsk Metro . [133] Although the metro is the second most popular type of public transport, in recent years significant problems have appeared in its work: loss-making, obsolete rolling stock, and a shortage of funds for modernisation. [134] The tram network was established in 1929 and currently [ when? ] plays a leading role in the urban transport system. The volume of passengers carried for 2013 is 127.8   million, [135] but this declines every year (245   million people in 2013 [136] ). In 2016 there were 30 routes operating 459 cars. The total length of the tracks is 185.5   km. As of 2016 [ update ] , the construction of a tram line "Ekaterinburg-Verkhnyaya Pyshma" was planned. [137]

There are 93 bus routes operating in Yekaterinburg, including 30 municipal ones (EMUP "MOAP"). [138] In 2007, 114.5   million passengers were transported by municipal intercity buses (124.6   million in 2006). [139] The decrease in volume is due to the increasing role of the fixed-route taxis in the urban transport system of Yekaterinburg, as well as the high cost of travel. However, the city bus transport network provides significant employment for the people of Ekaterinburg, including the formidable babushkas who collect passenger fares. In the park of EMPU, there are 537 buses. [140] In 2013, there are 19 routes, which employ 250 trolleybuses. The total length of trolleybus lines is 168.4   km. The number of passengers transported by trolleybus in 2007 amounted to 78.4   million (84.3   million in 2006). [139]

In addition, the city operates an electric train route linking the north-western and the southern parts of Yekaterinburg, from Sem' Klyuchey to Elizavet.

Yekaterinburg is a major railway junction. In the Yekaterinburg node, 7 main lines converge (to Perm , Tyumen , Kazan , Nizhny Tagil , Chelyabinsk , Kurgan , and Tavda ). The Sverdlovsk Railway Administration is located in the city, which serves trains on the territory of the Sverdlovsk and Tyumen Regions, the Perm Territory, the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts, as well as parts of the Omsk Region, and there is a single road traffic control centre. The Perm–Yekaterinburg–Tyumen section is now part of the main route of the Trans-Siberian Railway .

Yekaterinburg is served by two primary airports: Koltsovo International Airport (SVX) and the smaller Yekaterinburg Aramil Airport . Koltsovo Airport is one of the largest airports in the country, serving 5.404   million passengers (including 3.485   million serviced by domestic airlines, 1.919   million at international flights) in 2017, making it the sixth busiest airport in Russia . [141]

Yekaterinburg has an extensive network of municipal, regional and federal health facilities. There are 54 hospitals, designed at a capacity of 18,200 beds, [142] 272 ambulatory polyclinics, and 156 dental clinics and offices. [143] Some health facilities are based on medical research institutes such as the Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, [144] the Research Institute of Dermatology and Immunopathology, [145] and the Ural State Medical University, as well as others.

In clean areas of the city, there is the Yekaterinburg Medical Centre, which includes the Sverdlovsk Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 (also includes a polyclinic and a boarding house), Central City Hospital No. 40 (polyclinic, therapeutic building, surgical building, infectious body, neuro-surgical building, maternity hospital), Regional Cardiology Centre, Centre for Prevention and Control of AIDS, and MNTK Eye Microsurgery. [146]

Other large medical centres are the Uralmash Health Centre (Hospital No. 14), the Hospital of veterans of the Great Patriotic War, the district hospital of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the district military hospital, the Oncology Centre, the Sverdlovsk Oblast Psychiatric Hospital, the Disaster Medicine Centre, the Sanguis Blood Transfusion Centre, children's versatile hospital No. 9, and the regional rehabilitation centre on Chusovsky lake. There are about 300 pharmacies in the city. [143] The number of doctors in public medical institutions is 11,339 people (83.9 per 10,000 people) and the number of nurses is 16,795 (124 per 10,000 people).

Private medical institutions also operate in the city. [147]

Yekaterinburg's education system includes institutions of all grades and conditions: preschool, general, special (correctional), and vocational (secondary and higher education), as well as others. Today, the city is one of the largest educational centres of Russia, with Yekaterinburg considered to be the leading educational and scientific centre of the Urals . [148]

There are 164 educational institutions in Yekaterinburg: 160 of them operate in the morning and the other 4 in the evening. In 2015, 133,800 people were enrolled in general education institutions, which holds a capacity of 173,161 people. [149] Yekaterinburg's education system also includes state pre-school educational institutions, non-state pre-school institutions, out-of-town health camps, and municipal city health facilities with a one-day stay. [150] Five educational institutions of the city: SUNC UrFU, Gymnasium No. 2, Gymnasium No. 9, Gymnasium No. 35, and Lyceum No. 135, were included in the rating of the five hundred best schools in the country by the Moscow Center for Continuous Mathematical Education and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation . [151]

On 16 July 1914, the Ural Mining Institute of Emperor Nicholas II (now the Ural State Mining University ) was established as Yekaterinburg's first educational institution. [152] In 1930, the Sverdlovsk Power Engineering College (now the Ural Technical Institute of Communications and Informatics) was opened to train specialists in the field of communications. The Alexei Maximovich Gorky Ural State University (now the Ural Federal University ) became the first university in Yekaterinburg by decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR , signed by Vladimir Lenin on 19 October 1920. The Sverdlovsk Engineering and Pedagogical Institute (today the Russian State Vocational and Pedagogical University) became the first university of the USSR for the training of engineering and pedagogical personnel when it was opened in 1979.

In terms of the level of qualification of the graduates, Yekaterinburg's universities are among the leading in Russia, in particular in terms of the number of graduates representing the current managing elite of the country, Yekaterinburg universities are second only to the educational institutions of Moscow and Saint Petersburg. [153] [154] Currently, there are 20 state universities in the city, which currently holds a total of 140,000 students. [155] In addition, there are 14 non-state institutions of higher education in the city, such as the Yekaterinburg Academy of Contemporary Art and the Yekaterinburg Theological Seminary. The prestigious architecture school, the Ural State Academy of Architecture and Arts , is also located within the city limits. Other institutions of higher education Ural State Pedagogical University, Ural State University of Forestry, Ural State University of Railway Transport, Ural State University of Economics, Military Institute of Artillery, Ural State Conservatory , Ural State Agricultural Academy, Ural State Law Academy , Ural State Medical University, Ural State Academy of Performing Arts, Ural Academy of Public Service, and Institute of International Relations .

In May 2011, the Ural State University and Ural State Technical University merged to form the Boris N. Yeltsin Ural Federal University , making it the largest university in the Urals and the largest university in Russia. As of 1 January 2016, the university had 35,300 students and 2,950 teachers. The university's budget in 2015 totalled 9,1   billion rubles and the volume of research and development work totalled 1,6   billion rubles. [156] As of 2021, UrFU is the largest university in Russia in terms of the number of students, being on the 351st place in the QS World University Rankings. [157] [158] The number of publications of the university in the Web of Science database is about a thousand per year. [159]

There are many branches of non-resident universities in the city, including the Ural branch of the Siberian State University of Telecommunications and Informatics, the Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Private Law, the Yekaterinburg branch of the Plekhanov Russian Economic Academy, the Yekaterinburg branch of the University of the Russian Academy of Education, the Yekaterinburg branch of the Moscow State University, and Sholokhov Humanitarian University, as well as others.

In Yekaterinburg, a large number of print publications are published: about 200 newspapers, the most read being the Ural Worker , Vecherny Yekaterinburg , Oblastnaya Gazeta , and For Change! , and 70 magazines, with most read being Red Burda and I'm Buying . [160] [161]

A television studio was built in Yekaterinburg (as Sverdlovsk) in 1955 and on 6 November of the same year, the first telecast appeared. Coloured television later appeared in 1976. [162] Now the television is broadcast by 19 companies, including but not all: STRC Ural, Channel Four, 41 Home, Channel 10, OTV, Union (Orthodox), and UFO 24. Broadcasting is carried out from the TV tower on Lunacharsky street (television studio GTRK Ural), the TV tower on the Moskovskiy Hill, and from the TV tower (radio relay tower) on Blyukher Street. In 1981, construction of a new television tower was started, which was to become the second tallest in Russia after the Ostankino Tower and cover the territory of most of the Sverdlovsk region, but economic difficulties postponed construction. As a result, the television tower was the tallest uncompleted structure in the world. On 24 March 2018, the television tower was demolished by detonation for the city's beautification in preparation of the 2018 FIFA World Cup . [163] The Shartash radio mast, which broadcasts, is the tallest structure in the city, with a height of 263 meters. [164] In addition, several dozens of national and local news agencies are broadcast in Yekaterinburg, with the most watched being ITAR-TASS Ural, RUIA-Ural, and Interfax-Ural.

At the moment [ when? ] , there are 26 internet providers and 6 cellular operators in the city. [165] According to Yekaterinburg News , the city has signed a cooperative agreement with the Russian mobile operator Vimpelcom , working under the Beeline brand. The partnership will involve cooperation on investment projects and social programmes focused on increasing access to mobile services in the city. Beeline has launched an initiative to provide Wi-Fi services in 500 public trams and trolley buses in Yekaterinburg. [166]

Yekaterinburg is a multipurpose cultural centre of the Urals Federal District. [148] There are about fifty libraries in the city. The largest library organisations are the Sverdlovsk Oblast Universal Scientific Library, the V.G. Belinsky Scientific Library, which is the largest public library in Sverdlovsk Oblast, and the Municipal Library Association, which is composed of 41 libraries throughout the city, including the AI Herzen Central City Library. [167]

There are about 50 different museums in the city. [168] Yekaterinburg has unique museum collections, such as the collections of Russian paintings in the Yekaterinburg Museum of Fine Arts and the Nevyansk icons in the Nevyansk Icon Museum , with more than 300 icons representing the eighteenth through the twentieth centuries on display. There is also a unique exhibit, the Kaslinsky cast iron pavilion, which received main awards at the 1900 World Exhibition in Paris. The Kasli Pavilion was registered by UNESCO as the only cast-iron architectural structure in the world, which is in the museum collection. [169] Museums of the city also have collections of jewellery and stone ornaments. The United Museum of Writers of the Urals presents exhibitions in memory of writers such as Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak and Pavel Bazhov . It also is the home of the Shigirskaya Kladovaya ( Шигирская кладовая ), or Shigir Collection, which includes the oldest known wooden sculpture in the world. The sculpture was found near Nevyansk and originally estimated to have been made approximately 9,500 years ago, but now is estimated to have been made 11,500 years ago. [170] Yekaterinburg museums annually participate in the international event Long Night of Museums .

Yekaterinburg has the third most theatres in Russia. [171] The influence of theatrical life of the city was made by the Moscow Art Academic Theater and the Central Theater of the Soviet Army when they evacuated to Yekaterinburg (as Sverdlovsk) during World War II, and they had their own theater in the city. [172] Notable theatres that operate in the city are Academic Theater of Musical Comedy, Drama Theater, Kolyada-Theater , the youth theatre, and the puppet theatre, as well as others. The Yekaterinburg Opera and Ballet Theater received four awards at the Golden Mask 2020 Festival in Moscow, including the main Golden Mask for the Best Opera Performance [173]

In 2014, the city showcased its education, literary, art, and theatre culture through the Russian Year of Culture Programme. [174]

The city has a well-developed film industry. Opened back in 1909, Laurage was the first cinema in Yekaterinburg. In 1943, the Sverdlovsk Film Studio was opened and produced its first feature film Silva a year later. After the Second World War, the studio produced up to ten feature films a year. There are more than 20 cinemas in Yekaterinburg, the oldest of which is the Salyut, while the most capacious is the Cosmos spacecraft. [175] [176] There are also chains of movie theatres such as Premier-Zal, Kinomaks, and Kinoplex, which usually open in shopping and entertainment centres.

A number of popular Russian rock bands, such as Urfin Dzhyus, Chaif , Chicherina , Nautilus Pompilius , Nastya, Trek, Agata Kristi , Slaughter to Prevail and Smyslovye Gallyutsinatsii , were originally formed in Yekaterinburg ( Ural Rock is often considered as a particular variety of rock music. Yekaterinburg and St. Petersburg are actually considered to be the main centres of the genre in Russia). Also, opera singers like Boris Shtokolov , Yuri Gulyayev , Vera Bayeva graduated from the Urals State Conservatory. The Ural Philharmonic Orchestra (currently conducted by Dmitry Liss ), founded by Mark Paverman and located in Yekaterinburg, is also very popular in Russia and in Europe, as well as the Ural Academic Popular Chorus, a folk-singing and dance ensemble. [ citation needed ]

Yekaterinburg V. I. Filatov State Circus is located in the centre of the city, on the western bank of the Iset River. In 2012, the Yekaterinburg Circus was nominated "Best Circus of the Year" for the circus show Sharivari by the Rosgoscirk and the Ministry of Culture . [177]

The Presidential Center named after Boris Yeltsin was built in Yekaterinburg in 2015. It is considered to be a public, cultural and educational center. Center has its art gallery, library, museum equipped with the newest multimedia technologies that help to present the documents, video materials and archive photos. In 2017, the Yeltsin Center was recognized as the best museum in Europe by the Council of Europe, the first of the museums in Russia. [178]

The Urals Society of Natural Science Lovers pushed Yekaterinburg to have a zoo. Currently, the zoo has more than 1,000 animals that belong to more than 350 species. The zoo covers an area of 2.7 hectares.

On 18 June 2011, Yekaterinburg launched Red Line as a pedestrian tourist route for self-guided tours by residents and visitors to go to 34 landmarks in the historical section of the city. [179]

Many buildings of Yekaterinburg are ranged from a different number of architectural styles. The city had a regular layout, based on the fortresses of the Renaissance and by the principles of French town planning during the 17th century. By the 18th century, the Baroque movement was not that influential in Yekaterinburg, with the style being seen in churches which later declined [180]

In the first half of the 19th century, neoclassicism grew influential in the Yekaterinburg's architecture. The estates were built in the neoclassic style, including the main house, wings, services, and often an English-style park. This style's influence in Yekaterinburg is mostly due to the contributions of architect Michael Malakhov, who worked in the city from 1815 to 1842. He designed the assemblies of the Verkhne-Isetsky factory as well as the Novo-Tikhvinsky Monastery. [180]

At the beginning of the 20th century, eclecticism became a dominant influence in Yekaterinburg's architecture. Buildings such as the Opera House and Yekaterinburg railway station were built in this style. During the 1920s and the 1930s, constructivism took effect, influencing residential complexes, industrial buildings, stadiums, etc. Architects Moses Ginzburg, Jacob Kornfeld, the Vesnina brothers, Daniel Friedman, and Sigismund Dombrovsky contributed greatly to the constructivism in the city. More than 140 structures in Yekaterinburg are designed through the constructivist style. [181]

During the 1930s to 1950s, there was a turn back to neoclassicism, with much attention paid to public buildings and monuments. Notable examples include the buildings of the Ural Industrial Institute on Lenin Avenue, the City Party Committee and the City Council Executive Committee building (now the City Administrative building), the District Officers' House, and the House of Defense complex. Cultural buildings are built in the squares in orderly composition. In these years, architects Golubev, K. T. Babykin, Valenkov worked fruitfully in Yekaterinburg with this style. In the 1960s, changes in the approach to construction led to widespread distribution of apartment blocks common in the Khrushchev era . Buildings built by individuals were rare, among them being: KKT "Kosmos", the Palace of Youth, and DK UZTM. [182]

From the 1960s to the 1980s, as industrial development grew in Yekaterinburg, so did rationalism . The situation changed in the 1990s when Russia transferred into a market economy. At that time, older buildings were restored, giving the urban area a new environment such as: the Cosmos Concert Hall, the Puppet Theater, the children's ballet theatre The Nutcracker, the Palace of Justice, the Cathedral of the Blood, and the Church of the Transfiguration . At the same time, the construction of new buildings was accompanied by the demolition of historical buildings, leading to the development of the "facade" phenomenon, where the facades of historic buildings are preserved while adjacent modern buildings are built. [183]

The centre of Yekaterinburg became the centre of new construction, where banks, business centres, hotels, luxury residential complexes, and sports and shopping centres were built. High-tech architecture grew influential, with buildings such as the Center for Railway Transportation Management, the Summit business centre, the Aquamarine residential complex, and the retail strip at Vaynera Street being notable examples. Along with this, postmodernism revived interest in the older architectural styles of Yekaterinburg, growing more emphasis on historicalism and contextualism. In the late 1990s, architects grew interested in regionalism . [183]

At the beginning of the 21st century, Yekaterinburg architects turned back to the Soviet-based avant-garde, and influence future city buildings with the neoconstructivist style. The practice of attracting large foreign investors to projects has become popular. In 2007, the construction of the Central business district started, being headed by the French architect Jean Pistre. [183] In 2010, Yekaterinburg became one of the largest centers for the construction of High-rise buildings. In the city, 1,189 high-rise buildings were built, including 20 skyscrapers, the tallest of which is the Iset Tower , with a height of 209 meters. [184]

Yekaterinburg is also a leading sports centre in Russia. A large number of well-known athletes, both world and Olympics champions, are associated with the city. Since 1952, Yekaterinburg athletes have won 137 medals at the Olympic Games (46 gold, 60 silver and 31 bronze). In the 2008 Summer Olympics , 8 residents of Yekaterinburg returned with medals (1 gold, 3 silver and 4 bronze). [185]

In 1965, Yekaterinburg (as Sverdlovsk), along with a number of Russian cities, hosted the Bandy World Championship . In 2018, Yekaterinburg was one of the 11 Russian cities that hosted the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The matches were played on the upgraded Yekaterinburg Arena (called Central Stadium before the World Cup). [186]

Yekaterinburg has a total of 1728 sports facilities, including 16 stadiums with stands, 440 indoor gyms and 45 swimming pools. There are 38 sports children's and youth schools for reserves for the Olympic Games, in which more than 30,000 people are participating. [187]

Sport clubs

Yekaterinburg has many professional sports clubs in sports such as volleyball, basketball, futsal , bandy , and ice hockey for both women and men. Bandy club SKA-Sverdlovsk , women's volleyball club VC Uralochka-NTMK , women's basketball club UMMC Yekaterinburg , and futsal club MFK Sinara Yekaterinburg were among the best teams in Russia and Europe.

2018 FIFA World Cup

Yekaterinburg hosted four matches of the 2018 FIFA World Cup [59] Yekaterinburg is one of the 11 Russian cities that hosted the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The matches were played on the upgraded Yekaterinburg Arena . [186]

For the World Cup 2018, from 7 October 2015 to 29 December 2017, the Central Stadium was upgraded to bring it into compliance with FIFA requirements for the World Cup and was renamed Yekaterinburg Arena. The architectural concept of the new stadium is built on a combination of historical walls and the built-in core of the modern arena. During the reconstruction of the sports facility, which is a monument of history and culture, the facades are carefully preserved, and the arena itself is equipped with the latest technical achievements of the sports industry. Temporary stands extending outside the stadium's original perimeter were erected to comply with the FIFA requirement of seating for 35,000 spectators. They can hold a total of 12,000 spectators, but the seating will be removed after the World Cup, decreasing the seating capacity back to 23,000. [188] [189]

The FIFA Fan Fest in Yekaterinburg is located in the Mayakovsky Central Park of Entertainment and Culture. Located just outside the city centre in a popular and well-known amusement park, it will have a capacity to hold 17,000 people. [190]

Koltsovo Airport was also reconstructed and had a second runway built. In addition, work was done to prepare another passenger terminal, modernize the technical infrastructure, and launch the business aviation hangar. The airport's capacity in preparation for the World Cup has increased to two thousand people per hour. The street and road network was also upgraded. [191]

The United States, [192] United Kingdom, [193] Germany, [194] France, [195] China [196] and several other countries have consulates in Yekaterinburg.

The BRIC countries met for their first official summit on 16 June 2009, in Yekaterinburg, [197] with Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva , Dmitry Medvedev , Manmohan Singh , and Hu Jintao , the respective leaders of Brazil, Russia, India and China, all attending.

The foreign ministers of the BRIC countries had also met in Yekaterinburg previously on 16 May 2008.

In June 2013, at the 153rd General Assembly of the Bureau of International Expositions held in Paris, representatives from Yekaterinburg presented the city's bid to host the 2020 World Expo . Yekaterinburg's concept for the upcoming exhibition relates to the impact of globalisation on the modern world.

Russian President Vladimir Putin confirmed during a televised statement in English to earmark the required funds to build an exhibition complex large enough to receive the estimated 30 million visitors from more than 150 countries. [198]

Yekaterinburg later bid for the Expo 2025 . Yekaterinburg's concept for the bid exhibition relates to the technologies to make people happy by changing the world with innovation and quality of life. The host was announced on 23 November 2018 and Yekaterinburg lost out to Osaka, Japan.

Yekaterinburg hosted the Global Summit on Manufacturing and Industrialization (GMIS — 2019) GMIS under the auspices of the United Nations. [199] The annual INNOPROM exhibition is among the five largest industrial exhibitions in the world. [200]

Yekaterinburg is twinned with: [201]

• Anton Bakov , Leader of the Monarchist Party
• Irina Antonenko , Miss Russia 2010
• Aleksei Balabanov , film director, screenwriter, producer
• Vera Bazarova , pairs figure skater
• Pavel Bazhov , folklorist and children's author
• Old Man Bukashkin , artist and poet
• Pavel Datsyuk , ice hockey player
• Nikolay Durakov , bandy legend
• Chiang Fang-liang , former first lady of Taiwan
• Aleksey Fedorchenko , film director, producer
• Denis Galimzyanov , sprinter cyclist
• Anna Gavrilenko , Group rhythmic gymnast Olympic Gold medalist
• Nikolay Karpol , national women volleyball team coach
• Nikolai Khabibulin , ice hockey player
• Alexei Yashin , ice hockey player
• Alexei Khvostenko , avant-garde poet, singer-songwriter, artist, and sculptor
• Nikolay Kolyada , actor, director, writer, playwright, and playwriting teacher
• Ilya Kormiltsev , poet, translator, publisher
• Olga Kotlyarova , Olympic runner
• Maxim Kovtun , figure skater
• Vladislav Krapivin , children's author
• Valeria Savinykh , WTA Professional player
• Nikolay Krasovsky , mathematician
• Yulia Lipnitskaya , figure skater
• Iskander Makhmudov , businessman
• Vladimir Malakhov , ice hockey player
• Gennady Mesyats , vice-president of the Russian Academy of Sciences
• Maxim Miroshkin , pairs figure skater
• Vladimir Mulyavin (1941 – 2003), Belarusian musician and the founder of the folk-rock band Pesniary [202]
• Alfia Nazmutdinova , rhythmic gymnast
• Ernst Neizvestny , sculptor
• Oleg Platonov , writer, historian, and economist
• Daria Pridannikova , rhythmic gymnast
• Eduard Rossel , ex-governor of Sverdlovsk Oblast
• Boris Ryzhy , poet
• Mikhail Shchennikov , race walker
• Vera Sessina , rhythmic gymnast
• Georgy Shishkin , painter
• Vassily Sigarev , playwright, screenwriter, film director
• Anastasiia Tatareva , Group rhythmic gymnast Olympic Gold medalist
• Sergei Tchepikov , Olympic biathlon competitor
• Vladimir Tretyakov , ex-rector of the Ural State University
• Lev Vainshtein , Olympic shooter
• Sergei Vonsovsky , physicist
• Alexander Dudoladov , writer
• Alexander Malinin , singer
• Petr Yan , Former UFC Bantamweight Champion
• A ballistic missile submarine of the Project 667BDRM Delfin class ( NATO reporting name: Delta IV ) is named Ekaterinburg (K-84/"807") in honour of the city.
• The asteroid 27736 Ekaterinburg was named in the city's honour on 1 June 2007.

Related Research Articles

Sverdlovsk Oblast is a federal subject of Russia located in the Ural Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Yekaterinburg, formerly known as Sverdlovsk. Its population is 4,268,998.

Irbit is a town in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located 203 kilometers (126 mi) from Yekaterinburg by train or 250 kilometers (160 mi) by car, on the right bank of the Nitsa. Population: 37,009 (2021 Census) ; 38,357 (2010 Russian census) ; 43,318 (2002 Census) ; 51,708 (1989 Soviet census) .

Koltsovo International Airport is the international airport serving Yekaterinburg, Russia, located 16 km (10 mi) southeast of the city. Being the largest airport in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Koltsovo also serves nearby towns such as Aramil, Sysert, and Polevskoy. In general, the airport is responsible for serving approximately 4,290,000 people yearly. The airport is a hub for Ural Airlines, RusLine and Aviacon Zitotrans. Due to its location in the center of Russia, Yekaterinburg's airport is included in the "Priority Airports" list of Russia's Federal Air Transport Agency (Rosaviatsia).

Serov is a mining and commercial town in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the eastern foothills of the Ural Mountains, on the left bank of the Kakva River, about 350 kilometers (220 mi) north of Yekaterinburg. Population: 99,373 (2010 Russian census) ; 99,804 (2002 Census) ; 104,158 (1989 Soviet census) .

Pervouralsk is a city in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Chusovaya River 39 kilometers (24 mi) west of Yekaterinburg, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 124,528 (2010 Russian census) ; 132,277 (2002 Census) ; 142,193 (1989 Soviet census) ; 122,000 (1974); 90,000 (1959); 44,000 (1939).

Sredneuralsk is a town under the administrative jurisdiction of the Town of Verkhnyaya Pyshma in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the shore of Iset Lake, at the head of the Iset River, 25 kilometers (16 mi) north of Yekaterinburg. Population: 20,449 (2010 Russian census) ; 19,555 ; 18,786 (1989 Soviet census) .

Anton Alekseyevich Bakov is a Russian businessman, monarchist politician, traveler, writer and human rights activist. He is the chairman of the Russian Monarchist Party, was a member of the 4th convocation of the State Duma of Russia from 2003 to 2007 and was a candidate at 2018 Russian presidential election. Due to being known for a long series of unusual political projects such as Ural franc, the writer Alexei Ivanov coined him a "political Leonardo".

Alexander Sergeevich Misharin is the former governor of Sverdlovsk Oblast, a region in Russia. He was appointed in 2009 after resignation of the previous governor, Eduard Rossel and resigned on May 14, 2012. Prior to his governorship, he made a career in the railway industry, rising to Russia's Deputy Railway Minister. He was appointed first vice-president of Russian Railways and head of Skorostniye Magistrali, the Russian high-speed rail developer and operator on November 28, 2012.

Isetsky District is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-two in Tyumen Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Isetsky Municipal District . It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,751 square kilometers (1,062 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality of Isetskoye. Population: 26,061 ; 26,565 (2002 Census) ; 25,862 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of Isetskoye accounts for 28.7% of the district's total population.

Gostiny Dvor – is a shopping (merchant) center in the historical center of Kamensk-Uralsky, Sverdlovsk oblast.

The Men's College building is a mansion in the historical center of Kamensk-Uralsky, Sverdlovsk oblast.

Zyryanov manor house is located in the historical center of Kamensk-Uralsky, Sverdlovsk oblast.

Church of the Intercession of the Most Holy Mother of God - is an Orthodox church in Kamensk-Uralsky, Sverdlovsk oblast.

Ural Aluminum Smelter Proletarian's Group of Houses is a complex of residential buildings in Kamensk-Uralsky, Sverdlovsk oblast.

The Rail Bridge over the Iset River - is an experimental bridge over the Iset River is a unique engineering structure made according to the advanced technology of the late 1930s in Kamensk-Uralsky, Sverdlovsk oblast.

Boris Yeltsin Street is a street in Yekaterinburg, Russia.

The coat of arms of Yekaterinburg is the official municipal coat of arms of Yekaterinburg, Russia. The current symbol was adopted on 23 May 2008 and consists of a French shield divided horizontally into two fields, with a white mine shaft and a white furnace within the top field, which is green, and a blue wavy bend within the bottom field, which is gold. A gold bear and gold sable are located to the left and right of the shield, respectively. A gold crown with a gold laurel wreath is located above the shield and a gold ribbon is located below the shield. A grey druse is located at the bottom center of the shield.

Yevgeny Vladmirovich Kuyvashev is a Russian politician serving as Governor of Sverdlovsk Oblast since 29 May 2012. He served as the acting governor from 14 May 2012 to 29 May 2012, and again from 17 April 2017 to 18 September 2017.

Alexander Leonidovich Burkov is a Russian politician who served as governor of Omsk Oblast from 2017 to 2023. He is a member of the Central Council of A Just Russia — For Truth party.

The 2022 Sverdlovsk Oblast gubernatorial election took place on 11 September 2022, on common election day. Governor Yevgeny Kuyvashev was re-elected for a third term.

• 1 2 3 4 5 6 Law #30-OZ
• 1 2 3 Haywood, A. J. (2010). Siberia: A Cultural History , Oxford University Press, p.   32
• ↑ Charter of Yekaterinburg, Article   24.1
• ↑ Official website of Yekaterinburg. Alexander Edmundovich Yakob, Head of Administration of the City of Yekaterinburg Archived 12 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
• ↑ "Проект о внесении изменений в Генеральный план развития городского округа – муниципального образования «город Екатеринбург» на период до 2025 года" (in Russian). p.   168. [ permanent dead link ]
• 1 2 Federal State Statistics Service (21 May 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов   – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3   тысячи и более человек [ Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000 ] (XLS) . Всероссийская перепись населения 2002   года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
• ↑ "Federal State Statistic Service" . Government of Russia. 1 January 2024 . Retrieved 6 June 2024 .
• 1 2 Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации.   №ОК 019-95   1 января 1997 г. « Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код   65 401 », в ред. изменения №278/2015 от   1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification.   # OK 019-95   January   1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code   65 401 , as amended by the Amendment   # 278/2015 of   January   1, 2016. ).
• 1 2 3 Law #85-OZ
• ↑ "Об исчислении времени" . Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011 . Retrieved 19 January 2019 .
• 1 2 "Срок регистрации домена закончился" . www.ekaterinburg.com . Archived from the original on 21 January 2013 . Retrieved 26 February 2022 .
• ↑ Upton, Clive ; Kretzschmar, William A. Jr. (2017). The Routledge Dictionary of Pronunciation for Current English (2nd   ed.). Routledge. p.   1552. ISBN   978-1-138-12566-7 .
• ↑ "RUSSIA: Ural'skij Federal'nyj Okrug: Ural Federal District" . City Population.de . 4 August 2020 . Retrieved 2 October 2020 .
• ↑ "Рейтинг столичных городов России от Фонда "Институт экономики города" " . Urbaneconomics.ru .
• ↑ Kolossov, Vladimir; Eckert, Denis (1 January 2007). "Russian regional capitals as new international actors: the case of Yekaterinburg and Rostov" . Belgeo (1): 115–132. doi : 10.4000/belgeo.11686 .
• ↑ "Central Asian Chapter by Eurasian Respiratory and Allergy Consortium" . Era-cac.org . Archived from the original on 12 June 2018 . Retrieved 1 June 2018 .
• ↑ "Yekaterinburg - Entertainment - Russia.com" . Russia.com .
• ↑ "Конструктивизм. Жемчужина архитектуры Екатеринбурга" . www.e1.ru (in Russian). 16 January 2018 . Retrieved 21 December 2021 .
• ↑ "Как Екатеринбург за 10 лет стал столицей конструктивизма" . Strelka Mag (in Russian). Archived from the original on 5 March 2021 . Retrieved 21 December 2021 .
• ↑ Урал, Наш (19 May 2016). "Советская утопия: эпоха конструктивизма в Екатеринбурге" . Наш Урал (in Russian) . Retrieved 21 December 2021 .
• ↑ "Все кругом храпят, а Екатеринбург — пробужденный Когда уральский город объявил себя российской столицей стрит-арта, многие смеялись. А потом он стал ею" . Meduza (in Russian) . Retrieved 21 December 2021 .
• ↑ "Как Екатеринбург становится столицей стрит-арта" . Российская газета (in Russian). 16 April 2019 . Retrieved 21 December 2021 .
• ↑ "Екатеринбург – столица стрит-арта. Часть первая" . www.uralweb.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 3 March 2021 . Retrieved 21 December 2021 .
• ↑ "Памятникик археологии" . 1723.ru . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• 1 2 "1.2. Палкинские каменные палатки. Проект 1. | "Образование Урала" " . uraledu.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 5 April 2012 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ ГАМАЮНСКАЯ КУЛЬТУРА – Уральская Историческая Энциклопедия . ural.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 22 July 2014 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Екатеринбург" . Геральдика Свердловской области . Официальный сайт областной думы законодательного собрания. Archived from the original on 8 March 2013 . Retrieved 6 December 2009 .
• ↑ Юрий, Коновалов (26 March 2004). "Первые русские поселения на реке Уктус" . www.okorneva.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 7 June 2024 .
• 1 2 Кулешов, Николай (2001). "Горных заводов щит" . Домострой (4).
• ↑ Архипова, Нина (2001). "Тайны "превысочайшего Камня" ". Родина (11).
• ↑ Корепанов Н. С. Уктус — исток Екатеринбурга — Екатеринбург: Грачёв и партнёры, 2012. — 40 экз. — ISBN 978-5-91256-129-0
• 1 2 3 4 5 Юхт, Александр (1985). Государственная деятельность В. Н. Татищева в 20-е — начале 30-х годов XVIII века (in Russian). Moscow: Наука .
• ↑ "Библиотека истории: Ремесло историка в России – Бердинских В.А." history-library.com . Archived from the original on 1 April 2019 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ Завод-крепость – История основания Екатеринбурга – Информационный портал Екатеринбурга . ekburg.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• 1 2 "Основание Екатеринбурга" . Histrf.ru . Retrieved 20 February 2022 .
• ↑ Металлургические заводы Урала XVII—XX вв.: Энциклопедия / глав. ред. В. В. Алексеев. — Екатеринбург   : Издательство «Академкнига», 2001.
• 1 2 ipravo.info. "О ликвидации Баженовского и Сысертского районов Уральской области и о расширении городской черты и пригородной зоны города Свердловска – Российский Правовой Портал" (in Russian). ipravo.info. Archived from the original on 19 June 2018 . Retrieved 19 June 2018 .
• 1 2 "History of the Verkh-Isetsky district" . Administration of Verkh-Isetsky district . Archived from the original on 16 December 2021 . Retrieved 7 June 2024 .
• ↑ "Золотой век Екатеринбурга" . Уралнаш. Интересно о Екатеринбурге . 9 October 2019. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021 . Retrieved 15 August 2021 .
• ↑ "50 интересных фактов об Екатеринбурге — Общенет" . obshe.net . Retrieved 15 August 2021 .
• ↑ Massie, Robert K. (22 February 2012). The Romanovs: The Final Chapter . Random House Publishing Group. ISBN   9780307873866 .
• ↑ "FSU News" . fsu.edu . Retrieved 15 May 2018 .
• 1 2 3 История Екатеринбурга – Информационный портал Екатеринбурга . ekburg.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Временное Областное Правительство Урала – Энциклопедия Екатеринбурга – Энциклопедии & Словари" . enc-dic.com . Archived from the original on 20 May 2018 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ Главная: НОВОСТИ . familii.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Справочник по административно-территориальному делению Свердловской области" (PDF) . ГАСО (State Archive of the Sverdlovsk oblast). p.   37. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 February 2017 . Retrieved 2 February 2013 .
• ↑ Rappaport, Helen (1999). Joseph Stalin: A Biographical Companion . ABC-CLIO. ISBN   978-1-57607-084-0 .
• ↑ Беркович Артём. "Пермь и Екатеринбург: история соперничества" . Муниципальный музей истории Екатеринбурга. Archived from the original on 25 May 2013 . Retrieved 16 December 2009 .
• ↑ In the name of Victory. Sverdlovsk-Yekaterinburg during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945 . 2005 – via Ekaterinburg: Institute of History and Archeology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
• ↑ "Свердловск – 1983 год" . 1723.ru . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Интервью – АПИ-Урал" . apiural.ru . Retrieved 15 May 2018 .
• ↑ "President Yeltsin speaks about Tsar Murder" . BBC News . 17 July 1998 . Retrieved 4 April 2012 .
• ↑ Matthew S. Meselson, et al., "The Sverdlovsk Anthrax Outbreak of 1979", Science 266:5188 (18 November 1994): 1202–1208.
• ↑ Martin McCauley, "Who's who in Russia since 1900", Routledge , 1997: p.133.
• ↑ Ровно 18 лет назад Свердловск снова стал Екатеринбургом . Официальный портал Екатеринбурга (in Russian). Archived from the original on 16 April 2013 . Retrieved 15 May 2018 .
• ↑ "О возвращении городу Свердловску его исторического названия Екатеринбург, Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 23 сентября 1991 года №1674-1" . docs.cntd.ru . Retrieved 15 May 2018 .
• ↑ (www.dw.com), Deutsche Welle. "First BRIC summit concludes | DW | 16 June 2009" . DW.COM . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• 1 2 FIFA.com. "2018 FIFA World Cup Russia" . fifa.com . Archived from the original on 12 April 2014 . Retrieved 23 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Russia moves to year-round winter time" . BBC News . 22 July 2014 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• 1 2 3 Грязнов Олег Николаевич; Гуляев Александр Николаевич; Рубан Наталья Валентиновна (2015). "Факторы инженерно-геологических условий города Екатеринбурга" . Izvestiia Uralʹskogo Gorno-Geologicheskoĭ Akademii (журнал) (3) (Известия Уральского государственного горного университета   ed.). Екатеринбург: Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Уральский государственный горный университет": 5–21. ISSN   2307-2091 .
• ↑ Погода и Климат – Климат Екатеринбург [ Weather and Climate – The Climate of Yekaterinburg ] (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат) . Retrieved 8 November 2021 .
• ↑ "WMO Climate Normals for Sverdlovsk 1961–1990" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . Retrieved 29 October 2021 .
• ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [ 2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1 ] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service .
• ↑ "Национальный состав населения" (PDF) . Территориальный орган Федеральной службы государственной статистики по Свердловской области и Курганской области . Retrieved 7 June 2023 .
• ↑ "В Екатеринбурге заложили первый камень в основание соборной мечети – Уральская палата недвижимости" . upn.ru . Archived from the original on 10 October 2012 . Retrieved 5 October 2017 .
• ↑ "Четвертый канал" . channel4.ru . Archived from the original on 20 December 2010 . Retrieved 5 October 2017 .
• ↑ "Встреча Святейшего Патриарха Кирилла с общественностью Уральского федерального округа / Видеоматериалы / Патриархия.ru" . Патриархия.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 18 October 2017 .
• ↑ "Устав Свердловской области (с изменениями на 7 декабря 2017 года), Устав Свердловской области от 23 декабря 2010 года №105-ОЗ, Закон Свердловской области от 23 декабря 2010 года №105-ОЗ" . docs.cntd.ru . Retrieved 2 May 2018 .
• 1 2 "Закон Свердловской области Губернатора Свердловской области № 141-ОЗ" . www.pravo.gov66.ru . Retrieved 12 March 2022 .
• 1 2 "Закон Свердловской области от 18.02.2021 № 9-ОЗ ∙ Официальное опубликование правовых актов ∙ Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации" . publication.pravo.gov.ru . Archived from the original on 12 March 2022 . Retrieved 12 March 2022 .
• 1 2 The population of the Russian Federation for municipalities as of 1 January 2019 Archived 16 October 2019 at the Wayback Machine (2 May 2019)
• ↑ "К 2023 году население Академического района вырастет до 120 тысяч человек" . Новый День (in Russian). 27 March 2019 . Retrieved 12 March 2022 .
• 1 2 "Chapter IV. Bodies and officials of local self-government of the municipality "city of Yekaterinburg" " . екатеринбург.рф . 25 July 2017. Archived from the original on 26 June 2016 . Retrieved 19 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации" . publication.pravo.gov.ru .
• 1 2 "Вы точно человек?" . КиберЛенинка . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• 1 2 "О внесении изменений в Устав муниципального образования "город Екатеринбург", Решение Екатеринбургской городской Думы Свердловской области от 12 октября 2010 года №62/29" . docs.cntd.ru .
• ↑ Article 42 of the Charter of Sverdlovsk Oblast
• ↑ "О ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИИ И РЕОРГАНИЗАЦИИ АДМИНИСТРАЦИИ СВЕРДЛОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ (с изменениями на: 06.02.1997), Постановление Правительства Свердловской области от 27 сентября 1995 года №13-П" . docs.cntd.ru .
• ↑ "Сведения о проводящихся выборах и референдумах" . sverdlovsk.vybory.izbirkom.ru . Archived from the original on 22 September 2013 . Retrieved 21 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Voting results for the Federal Electoral District – Election of Deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the Seventh Convocation – September 18, 2016" . CEC. Archived from the original on 28 December 2016 . Retrieved 21 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Российские города отстают в развитии" . НИУ ВШЭ . 28 August 2014. Archived from the original on 5 February 2017 . Retrieved 7 July 2016 .
• ↑ "Urban world: Mapping the economic power of cities" . McKinsey Global Institute . March 2011. Archived from the original on 2 April 2024 . Retrieved 7 July 2016 .
• ↑ "Рейтинг столичных городов России от Фонда "Институт экономики города" | Институт экономики города" . urbaneconomics.ru . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ Economics of Russian cities and urban agglomeration , Institute for Urban Economics
• 1 2 Алексей Белоусов, Орнат Валентина. (13 October 2015). "Екатеринбург – глобальный город" . Мегаполис. Archived from the original on 27 August 2016 . Retrieved 7 July 2016 .
• ↑ Зубаревич Н.В. (2013). "Крупные города России: лидеры и аутсайдеры" (PDF) . Demoskop Weekly (журнал) (551–552) (Демоскоп Weekly   ed.). М.: НИУ ВШЭ: 1–17. ISSN   1726-2887 .
• ↑ "Екатеринбург вошел в топ-10 городов с самым высоким уровнем жизни" . JustMedia . 17 December 2014 . Retrieved 14 May 2018 .
• 1 2 3 "Results of social and economic development of the municipal formation "city of Yekaterinburg" in 2015" . 2016. p.   202 – via Ekaterinburg: Department of Economics of the Administration of the City of Yekaterinburg.
• ↑ "Итоги социально-экономического развития Екатеринбурга" . Archived from the original on 2 December 2020 . Retrieved 19 October 2022 .
• ↑ Дарья Воронина. (19 June 2013). "Главными проблемами Екатеринбурга назвали медицину, ЖКХ и дороги" . Российская газета . Retrieved 7 July 2016 .
• ↑ Юлия Позднякова. (22 April 2016). "Расходы бюджета Екатеринбурга за 2015 год составили почти 33 млрд рублей" . Коммерсантъ . Retrieved 7 July 2016 .
• ↑ Полина Путякова. (30 August 2016). "Меряемся бюджетами: Откуда города берут деньги и на что тратят" . zvzda.ru. Archived from the original on 2 September 2016 . Retrieved 7 July 2016 .
• 1 2 3 Kachanova E.A. Strategic Priorities for the formation of finance for municipalities in the context of reforming the budgetary system Archived 15 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine , – Moscow: Russian Academy of National Economy and State Service under the President of the Russian Federation, 2013. – 354 p.
• ↑ Vyacheslav, Kostyuk (12 December 2014). "His alien" . The Ural Worker . Archived from the original on 10 April 2018 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Крупнейшие банки России по капиталу" . Журнал "Коммерсантъ Деньги" . 25 July 2016. p.   60 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Крупнейшие производители ПО" .
• ↑ "О распределении обязанностей по контролю и надзору за соблюдением законодательства Российской Федерации организациями, осуществляющими профессиональную деятельность на рынке ценных бумаг, деятельность центрального депозитария, деятельность по проведению организованных торгов, клиринговую деятельность и деятельность центрального контрагента, репозитарную деятельность, а также деятельность саморегулируемых организаций в сфере финансового рынка, объединяющих профессиональных участников рынка ценных бумаг, и об отмене отдельных распорядительных актов Банка России, Приказ Банка России от 07 августа 2017 года №ОД-2228" . docs.cntd.ru .
• ↑ "Падающие пиксели и огромный шар: как может выглядеть "Екатеринбург-Сити" " . РБК Недвижимость . 13 September 2016 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ Development results, 2016 , pg 76
• ↑ "ТОП-100 крупнейших предприятий Свердловской области Екатеринбург" . Деловой квартал. 11 October 2011 . Retrieved 14 June 2016 .
• ↑ "ИТОГИ социально-экономического развития муниципального образования «город Екатеринбург» в 2019 году" . Archived from the original on 29 November 2020 . Retrieved 19 October 2022 .
• ↑ Development results, 2016 , p. 127–128
• 1 2 Development results, 2016 , p. 129
• ↑ "Леруа Мерлен" . Archived from the original on 18 October 2021 . Retrieved 27 April 2020 .
• ↑ "Castorama – строительный гипермаркет: купить товары для дома, дачи и ремонта" . Castorama.ru . Retrieved 20 February 2022 .
• ↑ "Домострой" . Archived from the original on 30 July 2019 . Retrieved 27 April 2020 .
• ↑ "Максидом - интернет-магазин товаров для дома" . www.maxidom.ru . Retrieved 20 February 2022 .
• ↑ "ОБИ строительный гипермаркет: товары для дачи, сада, дома и ремонта: каталог ОБИ" . Obi.ru . Retrieved 20 February 2022 .
• ↑ "Строительный Двор – интернет-магазин стройматериалов, купить с доставкой строительные материалы в магазинах сети" . Sdvor.com . Archived from the original on 13 May 2020 . Retrieved 20 February 2022 .
• ↑ Development results, 2016 , pg 130
• ↑ Development results, 2016 , pg 131–132
• ↑ Development results, 2016 , pg 133–135
• ↑ "Топ-20 самых больших торговых центров РФ" . marketmedia.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 11 December 2021 .
• ↑ "Сима-Ленд" . 20 October 2016.
• ↑ Вячеславовна, Логунцова Ирина (2015). "Специфика и перспективы Российской индустрии туризма на современном этапе" . Государственное управление. Электронный вестник (52): 259–278.
• ↑ Геннадьевич, Шеломенцев Андрей; Сергеевна, Головина Анна (2011). "Индустрия туризма региона в контексте принципов саморегулирования региональных социально-экономических систем" . Экономика региона (1): 166–170. ISSN   2072-6414 .
• ↑ Екатеринбург поднялся на третье место в топе российских городов по популярности среди иностранных туристов . URBC.RU – новости экономики (in Russian) . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Число посетивших Екатеринбург туристов выросло в 2015 году на 10%" . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Туристический мастер-класс" . expert.ru . Archived from the original on 13 September 2016 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ Маренков Г.В. (2012). "Транспортная инфраструктура Свердловской области – связующее звено между Европой и Азией" (PDF) . Инфраструктура России (Том 1   ed.). М.: Центр стратегического партнёрства. pp.   254–260. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2018 . Retrieved 8 October 2017 .
• ↑ Мальцева Ю.; Волкова М.В. (2015). "Изучение возможности постройки современного экологического жилья в Свердловской области" (PDF) (сборник трудов IX заочной международной научно-практической конференции (Екатеринбург, 30–31 мая 2015 г.)) (Система управления экологической безопасностью   ed.). Екатеринбург: УрФУ. pp.   138–141.
• ↑ Ведомости (10 March 2015). "Автопарк России увеличился в 2014 году на 1 млн легковых машин" . Retrieved 8 October 2017 .
• ↑ "Вы точно человек?" . КиберЛенинка . Retrieved 8 October 2017 .
• 1 2 "ИТОГИ социально-экономического развития муниципального образования в 2015 году" . 2016. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021 . Retrieved 7 July 2022 .
• ↑ Цариков А.А.; Обухова Н.А.; Оглы Мирзоев Н.З. (2015). "Эволюция системы заторов на улично-дорожной сети города Екатеринбурга" (PDF) (журнал) (Эксплуатация автомобильного транспорта   ed.). Екатеринбург: Общероссийская общественная организация "Российская академия транспорта". pp.   74–86. ISSN   2311-164X . Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2016 . Retrieved 8 October 2017 .
• ↑ Reports, Yekaterinburg News. "Sverdlovsk focusing on two road projects" . Archived from the original on 6 October 2017 . Retrieved 14 June 2017 .
• ↑ Крицкий В.П. (2009). "Дорожное хозяйство Екатеринбурга" (PDF) . Дороги России-2009. Информационно-аналитический каталог (Издание второе, подготовлено к IХ Международной выставке-форуму "Дороги России XXI века" и Дню работников дорожного хозяйства 3000 экз   ed.). Екатеринбург: Информационно-издательский холдинг "Реал-Медиа". pp.   204–205, 302. ISBN   978-5-98266-061-9 . Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2018 . Retrieved 8 October 2017 .
• ↑ "Google Maps" . Google Maps . Retrieved 1 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Скандальный бывший МУП Мирошника лидер сферы общественного транспорта Екатеринбурга? По данным мэрии, именно трамваи перевезли больше всего горожан за 2015 год" . Ведомости-Урал. 18 March 2016. Archived from the original on 15 September 2016 . Retrieved 14 June 2016 .
• ↑ "БГД" . gks.ru . Archived from the original on 20 May 2016 . Retrieved 17 October 2017 .
• ↑ "Города Свердловской области" . gks.ru . Archived from the original on 10 July 2009 . Retrieved 8 October 2017 .
• ↑ "Основные технико-эксплуатационные характеристики метрополитенов за 2015 год" (PDF) . asmetro.ru. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2016 . Retrieved 14 June 2016 .
• ↑ Дмитрий Ольшванг. (18 March 2016). "Проблемы екатеринбургского метро: убытки, снижение пассажиропотока! Общественник Беззуб: "Если учитывать стоимость строительства станций, то цена билета на метро должна быть 144 рубля"..." Ведомости-Урал. Archived from the original on 15 September 2016 . Retrieved 14 June 2016 .
• ↑ "Шины для трамваев, бензин для поездов. Документы: на что транспортные МУПы Екатеринбурга тратят деньги" . uralpolit.ru . Retrieved 13 March 2014 .
• ↑ "Города Свердловской области" . gks.ru . Archived from the original on 30 June 2013 . Retrieved 18 October 2017 .
• ↑ "Строительство трамвайной линии Екатеринбург – Верхняя Пышма начнут в 2016 году" . Портал 66.ru. 22 July 2015 . Retrieved 22 July 2015 .
• ↑ "Официальный портал Екатеринбурга" . Официальный портал Екатеринбурга . Retrieved 18 October 2017 .
• 1 2 "Города Свердловской области" . gks.ru . Archived from the original on 10 July 2009 . Retrieved 18 October 2017 .
• ↑ Автобусный парк Екатеринбурга утепляют к зиме . УралИнформБюро (in Russian) . Retrieved 18 October 2017 .
• ↑ "Более 5,4 миллионов пассажиров обслужил аэропорт Кольцово в 2017 году   (АвиаПорт)" . АвиаПорт.Ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 1 May 2018 .
• ↑ "БГД" . gks.ru . Archived from the original on 15 June 2009 . Retrieved 25 May 2018 .
• 1 2 According to the city directory Dubl.
• ↑ Уральский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии – филиал ФГБУ "НМИЦ ФПИ" Минздрава России . urniif.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 25 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Официальный сайт ГБУ СО "Уральский научно-исследовательский институт дерматовенерологии и иммунопатологии" " . urniidvi.ru . Retrieved 25 May 2018 .
• ↑ Екатеринбургский центр МНТК "Микрохирургия глаза" . eyeclinic.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 25 May 2018 .
• ↑ Открытие второго центра МРТ-диагностики в городе Екатеринбурге! . ekaterinburg.ldc.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 25 May 2018 .
• 1 2 М.м, Рогалёва (2014). "Екатеринбург как современный мегаполис" . Человек в мире культуры (4): 14–17. ISSN   2227-9857 .
• ↑ Report of the head of the Yekaterinburg administration, 2016 Archived 5 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine , p. 14.
• ↑ Report of the head of the Yekaterinburg administration, 2016 Archived 5 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine , p. 13, 15.
• ↑ Лучшие школы России-2015 . РИА Новости (in Russian). 12 October 2015 . Retrieved 22 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Общие сведения об университете – ФГБОУ ВО "Уральский государственный горный университет" " . about.ursmu.ru . Archived from the original on 7 July 2016 . Retrieved 22 May 2018 .
• ↑ The second business rating of higher education Archived 29 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine – Federal Portal Russian Education, 22 May 2018
• ↑ Formation of the state elite 2008 Archived 5 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine – Federal Portal Russian Education, 22 May 2018
• ↑ "Российская академия наук намерена готовить кадры самостоятельно | Новости образования | Обучение Екатеринбург" . uchim66.ru . Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 . Retrieved 22 May 2018 .
• ↑ "УрФУ перестраивается в школы" . Коммерсантъ (Екатеринбург) . 22 April 2016 . Retrieved 22 May 2018 .
• ↑ "По количеству бюджетных мест мы уже обошли МГУ" . 7 April 2021.
• ↑ "Ural Federal University – UrFU" .
• ↑ Case study: Ural Federal University as a basic university of industry in the region Archived 1 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine . – Ekaterinburg: Ural Federal University, 2016. – p. 2, 9–10.
• ↑ "Гильдия издателей периодической печати" . 18 September 2011. Archived from the original on 18 September 2011 . Retrieved 26 February 2022 .
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• ↑ Официальный сайт "Вести Урал" – Официальный сайт "Вести Урал" . Официальный сайт "Вести Урал" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 16 July 2012 . Retrieved 22 May 2018 .
• ↑ Вальханская, Наталья (24 March 2018). Взрыв и обрушение: снос телебашни в Екатеринбурге на видео очевидцев . Телеканал "Звезда" (in Russian) . Retrieved 22 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Тёмная башня" . 1723.ru . Retrieved 22 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Uralnets" . uralnets.ru . Retrieved 26 February 2022 .
• ↑ Fletcher, Martin. "Yekaterinburg signs cooperative agreement with Vimpelcom under Beeline brand" Archived 22 July 2013 at archive.today , Yekateringburg News , 19 July 2013. (Retrieved 22 July 2013).
• ↑ "WiseCms – troubles..." culture.ekburg.ru . Archived from the original on 11 July 2012 . Retrieved 24 May 2018 .
• ↑ "WiseCms – troubles..." Culture.ekburg.ru . Archived from the original on 19 January 2011 . Retrieved 24 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Триумф России на Всемирной выставке в Париже 1900 года – Новости РуАН" . новости-россии.ru-an.info . Retrieved 20 February 2022 .
• ↑ Lykova TR   Cultural and historical centres of the Sverdlovsk region Archived 11 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine   // method. instructions for studying the course "Cultural and Historical Centres of the Urals" for full-time or part-time students, direction 100400 – Tourism. – Ekaterinburg: UGLTU, 2014. – P. 15-16 .
• ↑ "Главная страница - АПИ-Урал" . www.apiural.ru . Retrieved 26 February 2022 .
• ↑ "Архитектура и планировка социалистического Свердловска. Часть 2" . 1723.ru . Retrieved 24 May 2018 .
• ↑ Вейн, Инна (10 November 2020). "Уральские актеры и режиссеры привезли домой сразу четыре "Золотые маски" " . Ekb.dk.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 15 August 2021 .
• ↑ Fletcher, Martin. "Yekaterinburg to showcase city’s cultural achievements during Year of Culture" Archived 13 February 2014 at archive.today . Yekaterinburg News . 13 February 2014. (Retrieved 13 Feb 2014).
• ↑ Pozdnyakova, Julia (27 May 2016). "Sverdlovsk Oblast was in the picture" . Kommersant . Retrieved 24 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Интервью - АПИ-Урал" . www.apiural.ru . Retrieved 26 February 2022 .
• ↑ "Премией "Шаривари" отметили лучших деятелей циркового искусства – В МИРЕ ЦИРКА И ЭСТРАДЫ" . ruscircus.ru . Retrieved 25 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Ельцин Центр признали «лучшим европейским музеем 2017 года»" . The Village (in Russian) . Retrieved 15 August 2021 .
• ↑ Самые популярные достопримечательности Екатеринбурга соединит красная линия на тротуаре . Interfax-Russia.ru (in Russian). 17 June 2011 . Retrieved 25 May 2018 .
• 1 2 Yekaterinburg Encyclopedia (PDF) . Yekaterinburg: "Akademkniga". 2002. p.   30. ISBN   5-93472-068-6 – via PDF.
• ↑ Yekaterinburg Encyclopedia (PDF) . Yekaterinburg: "Akademkniga". 2002. pp.   30–31. ISBN   5-93472-068-6 – via PDF.
• ↑ Yekaterinburg Encyclopedia (PDF) . Yekaterinburg: "Akademkniga". 2002. p.   31. ISBN   5-93472-068-6 – via PDF.
• 1 2 3 Shvets, A. V. (2016). "Domestic architecture of the late XX – early XXI century" (PDF) . New Ideas of the New Century: Scientific. Compilation . 2 . Khabarovsk: Pacific State University: 355–362. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2016 . Retrieved 8 June 2018 – via PDF.
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• 1 2 "The announcement ceremony of the host cities of the 2018 World Cup united the whole of Russia" . ru.fifa.com . Archived from the original on 3 September 2014 . Retrieved 23 May 2018 .
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• ↑ FIFA.com. "2018 FIFA World Cup Russia - News - FIFA Fan Fest venues announced for 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia" . fifa.com . Retrieved 23 May 2018 .
• ↑ Azmukhanov, Alexander (3 May 2018). "The three most expensive projects of the region for the World Cup" . Oblastnaya Gazeta . Retrieved 22 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Official website of the U.S. Consulate General in Yekaterinburg" . Archived from the original on 8 April 2012 . Retrieved 19 April 2012 .
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• ↑ "Chinese Consulate General in Yekaterinburg" . Retrieved 7 September 2013 .
• ↑ "First summit for emerging giants" . BBC News . 16 June 2009 . Retrieved 16 June 2009 .
• ↑ Hamilton, Louis (18 June 2013). "Yekaterinburg presents city's bid for 2020 World Expo" . Yekaterinburg News. Archived from the original on 27 November 2013 . Retrieved 20 June 2013 .
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• ↑ КИРЯГИН, Кирилл (22 July 2015). "ИННОПРОМ – в пятёрке крупнейших промышленных выставок мира" . ural.aif.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 12 December 2021 .
• ↑ "Побратимы и тезки Екатеринбурга" . ekb-room.ru (in Russian). The Ekb Room. 20 October 2014. Archived from the original on 18 November 2018 . Retrieved 22 December 2020 .
• ↑ "Museum Vladimir Mulyavin in Belarusian State Philharmonic" . Retrieved 22 April 2022 .
• Екатеринбургская городская Дума.   Решение   №8/1   от   30 июня 2005 г. «О принятии Устава муниципального образования "Город Екатеринбург"», в ред. Решения №1/27 от   27 января 2015 г.   «О внесении изменений в Устав муниципального образования "Город Екатеринбург"». Вступил в силу   со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Вестник Екатеринбургской городской Думы", №95, 15 июля 2005 г. (Yekaterinburg City Duma.   Decision   # 8/1   of   June   30, 2005 On the Adoption of the Charter of the Municipal Formation of the "City of Yekaterinburg" , as amended by the Decision   # 1/27 of   January   27, 2015 On Amending the Charter of the Municipal Formation of the "City of Yekaterinburg" . Effective as of   the day of the official publication.).
• Областная Дума Законодательного Собрания Свердловской области.   Областной закон   №30-ОЗ   от   20 мая 1997 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Свердловской области», в ред. Закона №32-ОЗ от   25 апреля 2012 г.   «О внесении изменений в Областной закон "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Свердловской области"». Вступил в силу   со дня официального опубликования за исключением отдельных положений, вступающих в силу в иные сроки. Опубликован: "Областная газета", №81, 3 июня 1997 г. (Oblast Duma of the Legislative Assembly of Sverdlovsk Oblast.   Oblast Law   # 30-OZ   of   May   20, 1997 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Sverdlovsk Oblast , as amended by the Law   # 32-OZ of   April   25, 2012 On Amending the Oblast Law "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Sverdlovsk Oblast" . Effective as of   the day of the official publication with the exception of several clauses which take effect on a different date.).
• Областная Дума Законодательного Собрания Свердловской области.   Закон   №85-ОЗ   от   12 июля 2007 г. «О границах муниципальных образований, расположенных на территории Свердловской области», в ред. Закона №107-ОЗ от   29 октября 2013 г.   «Об упразднении отдельных населённых пунктов, расположенных на территории города Ивделя, и о внесении изменений в Приложение   39 к Закону Свердловской области "О границах муниципальных образований, расположенных на территории Свердловской области"». Вступил в силу   через 10   дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Областная газета", №232–249, 17 июля 2007 г. (Oblast Duma of the Legislative Assembly of Sverdlovsk Oblast.   Law   # 85-OZ   of   July   12, 2007 On the Borders of the Municipal Formations on the Territory of Sverdlovsk Oblast , as amended by the Law   # 107-OZ of   October   29, 2013 On Abolishing Several Inhabited Localities on the Territory of the Town of Ivdul and on Amending the Law of Sverdlovsk Oblast "On the Borders of the Municipal Formations on the Territory of Sverdlovsk Oblast" . Effective as of   the day which is 10   days after the official publication.).
• Official website of Yekaterinburg (in Russian)