essay on kashmir issue css

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KASHMIR ISSUE

•     [email protected]
•   Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan

XXIII. The Kashmir Issue

The Kashmir issue alludes to the continuous struggle among India and Pakistan over the locale of Jammu and Kashmir. The contention started in 1947, when India and Pakistan acquired autonomy from English rule and the previous regal territory of Jammu and Kashmir was apportioned between the two nations. From that point forward, the two nations have asserted the area completely and have battled a few conflicts and participated in various encounters over the issue.

The Unified Countries has passed a few goals requiring a plebiscite in the locale to permit individuals of Kashmir to conclude their own future, however the plebiscite has not yet occurred. India keeps up with that Kashmir is an essential piece of its region, while Pakistan contends that individuals of Kashmir ought to reserve the privilege to self-assurance.

The contention devastatingly affects the district, with large number of individuals being killed and harmed in the brutality. There have additionally been charges of denials of basic liberties by both Indian and Pakistani security powers in the area.

Endeavors to determine the Kashmir issue have included conciliatory discussions and certainty building measures, yet an enduring arrangement still can’t seem to be found. The issue stays a significant wellspring of strain among India and Pakistan and a possible flashpoint for struggle in the district.

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• Foreign Policy: Kashmir Issue and the Dynamics of International Relations By Sheraz Zaka

Imran Khan has urged Pakistanis to come out of their homes, offices and workplaces every week for half an hour to show solidarity with the Kashmiri people fighting Indian occupation. One expected him to tell the nation about his government’s latest initiatives on the diplomatic and political fronts to mobilise international support for the Kashmiri struggle for the right of self-determination. More importantly, what are the options for Pakistan to deal with the worsening crisis? We cannot move the international community into action by raising the spectre of a possible nuclear conflagration. Undoubtedly there has been unprecedented coverage in the western media of Indian brutalities and human rights violations that exposes Modi’s claim of normality returning to the occupied territory. But that is not sufficient to compel other countries to stand with the Kashmiri people. The international community’s silence over the lockdown of more than eight million people and the suppression of their fundamental democratic rights may be driven by geopolitical and economic considerations, but it also reflects our diplomatic failure. Even Pakistan’s closest allies in the Muslim world are not willing to express any sympathy for the plight of the Kashmiri people, leave aside condemning Modi’s annexation of a disputed territory. It is not surprising that the UAE has honoured the Indian prime minister with its highest national award. Interestingly, Iran is one of the few Muslim countries to have spoken out for the Kashmiri people. Surely India’s growing economic power has helped it expand its influence in the Gulf region, but our own diplomatic shortcomings have also been a factor in us losing our clout in what was once considered Pakistan’s staunchest support base. The only solace for us is a statement issued by the OIC contact group expressing concern over the situation in Kashmir. We must be very careful not to exaggerate the US role in resolving the Kashmir problem. Barring a few official comments expressing concern over recent developments in Kashmir, there has not been any condemnation of the Indian action It was indeed a diplomatic success for Pakistan when the UN Security Council held a meeting on the Kashmir issue for the first time in over 50 years. The statement by the UN Secretary General on Kashmir is also significant. But there is still no sign of international pressure on the Indian government to stop human rights violations in the disputed territory. For that there was a need for a more aggressive diplomatic initiative. It is a right decision by the government to raise the issue at the UN’s Human Rights Committee in Geneva. The committee has previously released two reports on the human rights situation in Kashmir. The censure of the Indian action by the UN committee would certainly be a moral victory for the Kashmiri people, but for that a lot of lobbying and diplomatic work is needed. However, the option of taking the Kashmir issue to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) as indicated by the prime minister, should be reconsidered. Firstly, there is the question about the court’s jurisdiction over the dispute. Secondly, any such move would need the consent of both parties in the conflict. The public announcement by the Pakistani leadership to go to the ICJ without even examining the ramifications of such a move is typical of the government’s impulsiveness on crucial policy decisions. We must be very careful not to exaggerate the US role in resolving the Kashmir problem. Barring a few official comments expressing concern over recent developments in Kashmir, there has not been any condemnation of the Indian action. It is a similar situation with the other Western countries. China is one of the few countries that have come out with a categorical statement criticising the Indian action. With limited options Pakistan needs to up its diplomatic efforts. There is also a need to forge a national consensus on our Kashmir policy. Political instability at home would not help to meet serious diplomatic challenges. While Pakistan’s diplomatic and political support is crucial, it will be the struggle of the Kashmiri people that could ultimately push the international community to act. It is evident that even the use of massive force by India has failed to put down the Kashmiri resistance. It has been three weeks since a lockdown was imposed on the disputed territory. There have been few examples in recent times of such a protracted freedom struggle. Modi’s virulent nationalism has widened the political and social fault lines in India. For Pakistan it is important not to see Kashmir as a territorial dispute, but a struggle for the right of self- determination. The fact is that a coherent policy is needed to tackle this issue and raise it at the international level. The unfortunate truth is that we have not succeeded on the international front to convince the world to take action against Indian barbarity in Kashmir. India has even managed to deflect international criticism despite the fact that its human rights abuses in IHK have been highlighted in the international media. Though this is partly due to Pakistan’s inability to project the Kashmir cause positively in the international arena, it is also due to India’s economic prowess. Sadly, in a world governed by realpolitik, might is right and the cries of the weak are often smothered by the strong. Previous governments have been equally ineffective in projecting the Kashmir cause. But if the prime minister wants to change the status quo, there must be a robust and cohesive policy to counter India’s belligerent attitude in IHK and convince the international community that violence against Kashmiris is unacceptable. Holding rallies in the country will not be enough; our best diplomatic hands need to be mobilised to brief global capitals of the situation in IHK, so that the world – specifically those states who claim to be champions of human rights – can convince India to back off in the held region. The voice of Kashmiris needs to echo around the world, and their fundamental rights must be defended. The writer is a constitutional lawyer, teacher and a human rights activist Source: https://dailytimes.com.pk/456828/foreign-policy-kashmir-issue-and-the-dynamics-of-international-relations/

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The essay on kashmir issue and dispute discusses the recognition of this world problem by uno and the three parties to it, kashmir issue: an outline:.

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Essay on Kashmir Issue with Outline and Quotations

This post contains an Essay on Kashmir Issue with Outline and Quotations for the students of Class 10, Class 12, FSc, B.A, BSc, Graduation, and others. The same essay could be written under the title Essay on Kashmir Issue or Few Lines about Kashmir. There are many other important essays for different Classes are available here as well. Click here for more Essays. Kashmir Conflict is between India and Pakistan. Now, this issue is a current affair nowadays and this Essay on Kashmir Problem is very important for exams. Here are 2 essay examples the first one is with outline and quotes and the second one is simple and easy.

Kashmir Issue Essay with Outline and Quotes for Students

• A bone of contention.
• The right of self-determination.
• The inexpressible miseries of the Kashmiris.
• India is projecting the struggle as “Muslim Fundamentalism.”
• UNO should play an active role.

“Liberty will not descend to a people; It is a blessing that must be earned Before it can be enjoyed.”

Kashmir is a bone of contention between Pakistan and India. The Kashmir issue is the biggest hindrance in the normalization of relations between Pakistan and India. The two countries have fought two full-fledged wars over this issue. In view of its geopolitical significance, India desired to acquire Kashmir when the partition of the sub-continent became inevitable circumstances when the Kashmiri Muslims revolted against the evil designs of India.

“True independence and freedom can only exist in doing what’s right.” (Brigham Young)

Pakistan is of the view that only the people of Kashmir have a right to determine the future of Kashmir. The UN resolutions of August 13, 1948, and January 5, 1949, which were accepted both by India and Pakistan provided for the holding a plebiscite under the UN auspices to settle the Kashmir issue.

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The people of Kashmir have been suffering from inexpressible miseries since 1948. The unending curfew, rape cases, torture cells and crushing of their resources are only the slight expression of their miseries. A new hell can be witnessed in this old heaven. India is projecting the struggle in Kashmir as “Muslim Fundamentalism”. India cannot throw the dust into the eyes of the World Community by labeling the Kashmir Liberation Movement as “Religious fanaticism”. In fact, the Kashmiri people along with their Islamic aspirations are fighting for the protection of their political, religious, cultural and economic rights. It is the expression of the entire community. The Indian authorities have failed to understand the core issue and are trying to deal with it as that of law and order. They link it to terrorism sponsored by Pakistan.

“Be an independent thinker at all times, and ignore anyone who attempts to define you in a limiting way.”   ( Sherry Argov)

The time has come when UNO should play an active role as it has played an Iraq-Kuwait case. The resolutions on Kashmir are yet to be fully implemented. The UNO has lost its repute as peacekeeping and peacemaking body. The unending struggle of the freedom fighters has proved that the will of people cannot be suppressed. It is the moral obligation of the International Community to rescue the innocent Kashmiris from the brutalities, cruelties and atrocities of the occupation army of India. The Muslim Ummah should also come out of its slumber and prove it to the world that Islam is a force which cannot be suppressed.

Essay on Importance of Education is also available here.

02.  Essay on Kashmir Issue and its Solution

Kashmir Dispute / Problem / Issue and Its solution

Kashmir was once said to be a heaven on the earth. But at present, the situation is totally different and the circumstances are worst. In Occupied Kashmir, raping of the Muslim girls and women by the armed forces of Hindustan has become common. The Muslim men and women, and boys and girls are being persecuted to death into the torture cells by the Indian army soldiers.

The innocent Kashmiri Muslims are being killed mercilessly on a large scale. In fact, the Valley of Occupied Kashmir has become a slaughter-house of the Kashmiri Muslims. At present, occupied Kashmir is presenting a terrible spectacle.

The U.N.O. passed two resolutions in 1948 and 1949, which were accepted both by Pakistan and Hindustan, for the holding of a plebiscite under the supervision of U.N.O. to settle the Kashmir issue forever. These two resolutions are still hanging fire.

The Western countries are playing the most condemnable role regarding the Kashmir issue. The politicians of these countries seem to be worried about the pollution, caused by smoke and noise, but it is a matter of great regret that they are not paying any attention to the pollution caused by the blood of the innocent Muslims of occupied Kashmir.

The Hindustan Government has so far used all the possible tools to crush the freedom movement of the Kashmiri Muslims in their own homeland. The rulers of Hindustan have so far failed to understand the real problem. They are trying to deal with the freedom-movement of the Kashmir’s as terrorism against Hindustan.

In fact, the freedom-movement of the Kashmiri’s is the expression of the entire community of Kashmir. The students, the traders, the house-wives, the farmers and the politicians are all one in this freedom-movement. The daily killing of innocent Kashmiris has not demoralized them. It has rather given them a new courage, a new zeal, and new confidence to fight for their rights of self-determination.

The Law enforcing Agencies of Hindustan has crippled countless Muslims in the occupied Kashmir. It appears as if Hindustan will never be prepared to recognize the right of self-determination of the Kashmiris as the rulers of Hindustan are not ready to negotiate and solve the Kashmir Issue under Simla Agreement and U.N.O resolutions.

To conclude, the international community must pressurize Hindustan to accept the justified demand of the Kashmiris. It must impose economic restrictions on Hindustan. It must also use force under U.N.O. The time has now come when U.N.O must play an effective role to solve the Kashmir issue as it has played in Iraq-Kuwait case, otherwise, it can lose its vitality as peace-keeping and peace-making organization in the world.

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Enumerate The Measures Adopted By Pakistan To Spotlight On The Plight Of Kashmiri People In The Indian-Occupied Jammu and Kashmir After 5th August 2019.

• July 31, 2022
• CSS , CSS Past Papers , CSS Solved Pakistan Affairs
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CSS solved Pakistan Affairs Past Pap ers | Enumerate The Measures Adopted By Pakistan To Spotlight On The Plight Of Kashmiri People In The Indian-Occupied Jammu and Kashmir After 5th August 2019.

The following article is written by Irum Arif , a student of Sir Syed Kazim Ali . Moreover, the article is written on the same pattern, taught by Sir to his students, scoring the highest marks in compulsory subjects for years. Sir Kazim has uploaded his students’ solved past paper questions so other thousands of aspirants can understand how to crack a topic or question, how to write relevantly, what coherence is, and how to include and connect ideas, opinions, and suggestions to score the maximum.

Question Breakdown

In this question, the examiner has asked about Pakistan’s steps to internationalize the cause of the Kashmiri people. First, you need to give a brief overview of the ongoing crisis in Kashmir. After that, tell why it is the need of the hour to tell the whole world about the plight of Kashmiris. Then, enumerate the measures Pakistan has taken to internationalize it. End with the critical analysis of the steps and a conclusion.

Introduction

• Pakistan has struggled to resolve the Kashmir issue’s perplexity since birth by following various strategies.
• However, erratic moves taken by the Indian government have led to uncertainty regarding the future of Kashmiris.
• For instance, the abrogation of Article 370 of the Indian Constitution by the Indian government has proved to be the last nail in the coffin.
• As a result, Pakistan has courageously raised its voice for the rights of Kashmiris by highlighting the issue in the international community.

Overview of the Kashmir Crisis:

• Article 370 and 35A of the Indian Constitution as a challenge to the Indian government
• Abrogation as an unprecedented situation for Pakistan
• Communication blackout and lengthiest curfew in Kashmir

Deadly impacts faced by Kashmiris

• Significant human rights violation
• Prohibition on the freedom of the press
• Restrictions to necessities of life
• Ignorance of education and children’s right

Pakistan took steps towards the internationalization of the Kashmir issue

• Sensitising the issue in the international community -Stuttgart Kashmir conference held in Germany -Hosting of International Conference in Turkey -Pakistan Ambassador to Riyadh, Raja Ali Ejaz, recently briefed prominent editors and journalists regarding the deteriorating human rights situation and atrocities by occupation forces in Jammu and Kashmir.
• Briefing at the platform of the UNO -Turkey sees standing by Pakistan on the issue of Kashmir as its duty, the Turkish parliament speaker said on Oct. 1 in the third legislative session of 2019 -Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad’s Statement at UNGA
• Arranging of Foreign Minister Conference of the OIC
• Using Social media in Pakistan

Critical analysis

Introduction:

The Kashmir conflict has been an apple of discord between India and Pakistan. It has remained an unending agenda of the United Nations (UN) since 1947, disturbing the peace of South Asia brutally. Although the issue is based on the rights of self-determination of the Kashmiris, it has been complicated by India for her vested interests. Ostensibly, the recent illegal step, i.e., the revocation of Article 370 taken by the Indian government, has wreaked havoc in Kashmir with human rights violations, such as arbitrary detention and torture, media blackout, impeding access to the necessities of life, and blockade of religious freedom, etc. According to Mehbooba Mufti, a former chief minister of Kashmir, “The Fifth of August is the blackest day of Indian democracy when its Parliament, like thieves, snatched away everything from the people of Jammu and Kashmir.” As a consequence, Pakistan has stepped forward and taken drastic measures for the resolution of the issue to give the Kashmiris their due rights. However, when Pakistan raised the issue in the international community, only a few nations appeared on the horizon to support Pakistan’s stance. As a matter of fact, the conflict remained unresolved, leaving the Kashmiris at the fate of the Indians. Despite such unusual behaviour of the international community, Pakistan worked sagaciously to take the Kashmiris out of such a nightmare situation by continually sensitizing the issue internationally, briefing at the platform of the UNO, arranging of Foreign Minister Conference of the OIC, and appealing to Indians for dialogues.

Article 370 and 35A allowed the state of Jammu and Kashmir a certain amount of autonomy with its constitution, a separate flag, freedom to make laws regarding fundamental rights, permanent residence, and property ownership, allowing the Kashmiris to breathe freely in their territory. However, Article 370 posed a challenge to Indian nationhood and Jammu and Kashmir’s (J&K) integration with the rest of the country. Moreover, Prime Minister Narendra Modi was assured that Pakistan would use J&K’s unique status as a weapon for her interest. No sooner did Indians realize that they were skating on thin ice than they abrogated Article 370, seizing the special status given to Kashmir. Arguably, with the revocation of Article 370, Pakistan appeared to be caught off guard and in a conundrum on how to deal with such a destructive situation. Nevertheless, Pakistan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs strengthened its stance on the issue by narrating that Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) is an internationally recognized disputed territory between India and Pakistan; therefore, the unilateral decision by India was unlawful. Thus, such a drastic move by the Indian government has caused the Kashmiris to suffer politically, socially, economically, educationally, and religiously.

Deadly impacts faced by Kashmiris:

In the light of the above-mentioned facts, Indians, satirically, have created a deadlock situation for the Kashmiris to suppress their innocent voice for their rights. First , the Indian army started human right violation in the region by harassing, raping, and detaining the masses. To induce fear, they started systematically torturing to stamp out protests by terrorizing the local population. Second, the liberty of the press was prohibited and infringed to keep the issue aloof from the international community. Third, the access to necessities of life was significantly dwindling with each passing day, causing millions to lose their life miserably. Last but not least, education and children’s rights were severely disregarded, keeping the future of millions at stake. Taking everything together, Indians attempted every possible tactic to cause the people of Kashmir not to speak a word. Nevertheless, the courageous Kashmiri people did not lose hope and kept struggling for independence. Moreover, Pakistan also raised the curtain from the catastrophic acts of the Indian government and the deployed army humiliating the innocent Kashmiris.

“For the past months, the Jammu and Kashmir has been cut off from the rest of the world even from India. There is a complete lockdown, media gag, and blockade of internet and telephone and all communication system is blocked. There are shortages of food and medicines and people have no access to hospitals.” Riffat Wani (After 3 months Curfew in Kashmir)

Knowing the calamity the Kashmiris were going through, Pakistan appeared to save the innocent Kashmiris from the cruelty of the Indian government and army. Even though, except for China, Turkey, Malaysia, and somehow the US, no country supported Pakistan’s stance on the Kashmir conflict, Pakistan did not lose hope. It kept on struggling to get Kashmiris rid of such a cataclysm. However, the country has clarified that it will not initiate any military conflict to resolve the issue. The following paragraphs deal with the steps taken by Pakistan for the internationalization of the Kashmir issue:

• Sensitising the issue at the International Community

Primarily, Pakistan has kept sensitizing the issue in front of the international community to make them stand against India’s unlawful acts. For this purpose, the Stuttgart Kashmir conference was held in Germany. The conference was titled “The Alarming Humanitarian Crisis in Kashmir” on the occasion of UN International Day for Tolerance in Stuttgart. Addressing the conference, the Kashmiri and German human rights activists called upon the world not to ignore the abuses committed by the Indian armed forces in Occupied Kashmir.

It is surprising what I heard about the situation in J&K and German Media doesn’t not cover Kashmir as much as it should” Karl Christian Housman of UPF

Moreover, the hosting of the International Conference in Turkey, co-hosted by Turkey’s Institute of Strategic Thinking and Pakistan’s Lahore Center for Peace Research, was another step by Pakistan to explain to the world the crisis going on in Kashmir. Sherry Rehman, a senator from Pakistan, said :

“India is trying to redefine the global order. It is doing it by use of power, not soft power. It is the slap on the face of international community and United Nations”.

Additionally, Pakistan Ambassador to Riyadh , Raja Ali Ejaz, recently briefed prominent editors and journalists regarding the deteriorating human rights situation and atrocities by occupation forces in Jammu and Kashmir. The Ambassador talked about the genesis of the Kashmir dispute and highlighted United Nations Security Council resolutions that promised the right of self-determination to the people of Jammu and Kashmir. He emphasized that even the former Indian Prime Minister Nehru had made a commitment to decide the fate of the state as per the will of the people of Jammu and Kashmir, but Kashmiris were betrayed. And the Indian decision to repeal article 370 is primarily meant to change the demography of Kashmir. Thus, all these steps at the International level reiterate Pakistan’s will to continue its political, diplomatic and moral support of its Kashmiri brethren.

• Briefing at the platform of the UNO

To internationalize the plight of Kashmiris, the unequivocal support of Prime Minister Imran Khan in the United Nations General Assembly represents another strategy of the country. Pakistan’s Prime Minister, Imran Khan , was the man on the mission at the United Nations, imploring members to persuade India to lift its siege of Kashmir, a longtime flashpoint between the two nations having nuclear weapons. He highlighted the risks to regional peace and security that arose from India’s actions, underscoring the responsibility of the UN and international community to take urgent steps to save lives and help resolve the long-standing Kashmir dispute. Moreover, continuing to highlight the dire situation in Indian-held Kashmir, the Foreign Minister of that time, Shah Mehmood Qureshi, had written six letters to the president of the United Nations Security Council and the UN secretary-general. He conveyed Pakistan’s rejection of the “bifurcation” of occupied Kashmir, highlighted the continued violation of human rights by Indian forces, underlined India’s belligerent rhetoric and actions vis-à-vis Pakistan and reiterated the call for strengthening of UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) in those letters.

“Changing the status quo in IOJ&K unilaterally is in complete violation of the Security Council Resolutions, including Resolutions 47 (1948), 51 (1948), 80 (1950), 91 (1951), 122 (1957) and 123 (1957). These Indian actions are, therefore, null and void in terms of international law, and do not, in any way, prejudice the right to self-determination of the people of IOJ&K,” Shah Mahmood Qureshi

Keeping in view the efforts of Pakistan at the international level, countries such as Malaysia and Turkey supported the cause of the Kashmiri people. For instance, the Turkish parliament speaker said on Oct. 1 in the third legislative session of 2019 that |Turkey sees standing by Pakistan on the issue of Kashmir as its duty”. Similarly, Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad’s Statement at 74th UNGA states: “Now, despite the UN resolution on Jammu and Kashmir, the country has been invaded and occupied.” Thus, Pakistan’s efforts at the UN have helped inform the world about the critical situation in Kashmir.

After being elected as the chairman of the 48th session of the OIC, Foreign Minister of Pakistan, Shah Mahmood Qureshi, addressed the session and raised the Kashmir issue and alleged that Indian actions violated the resolutions of the UN Security Council and increased the threat of a conflict between India and Pakistan. Moreover, Pakistan’s Ex-Prime Minister, Imran Khan, also raked up the Kashmir issue at the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) foreign ministers’ meeting, saying the 57-member body has not been able to make any impact at all as it’s a “divided house”. Referring to India’s move to abrogate Article 370 in August 2019, Khan said “nothing happened because they (India) felt no pressure.” Furthermore, he said that he was not saying that Muslim countries alter their foreign policies but unless “we have a united front (on core issues) these abuses will keep on happening”. These actions of Pakistan also sought to garner the Muslim countries’ support to minimize the plight of Kashmiris.

• Pakistan’s use of social media

Pakistan’s use of social media, smart diplomatic initiatives and protest gatherings from government and civil society to highlight the Kashmir conflict amid recent events of Indian aggression has launched a successful quest to negate Indian propaganda on the issue. After the misadventure of the Indian Government in revoking the constitutional provisions, social media users from Pakistan, especially government officials including the previous Prime minister, Imran Khan, took to Twitter to condemn Indian atrocities and to show immense support to Kashmiris. Prime Minister has not stopped talking about the issue on his personal Twitter account and calling various world leaders, including the Iranian President and Indonesian Prime Minister, to seek their support on the dispute. Director General ISPR has also been updating the world about the military’s stance on the disputed territory through an official Twitter account. The solidarity movement with Kashmir was augmented with an effective social media campaign on hashtags such as #KashmirBanegaPakistan and #15AugustBlackDay. Various other hashtags like #RedForKashmir, #BleedForKashmir, #StandWithKashmir and #ModiKillingKashmiris #KashmirUnderThreat have also been trending on top on different social media sites. Therefore, to highlight the plight of the Kashmiri people, the use of social media has also been employed in Pakistan.

In a critical diagnosis, Pakistan’s effort at the International level has borne mixed results. On the positive side, few countries have supported its stance at the national and international level, including Turkey, China and Malaysia. Moreover, people worldwide have demonstrated solidarity with the Kashmiri people in their countries. However, on the negative side, Pakistan’s efforts have not been successful at large. Many countries under the economic clout of India have refrained from taking any action or giving any statement against India. Adding fuel to the fire, not even most Muslim countries have taken any strict stance. OIC, the mouthpiece of Muslims, failed to take any solid action against India due to the bilateral relations of many of its members with India. Thus, it can be said that the actions of Pakistan to highlight the Kashmiri people’s plight would only be successful when Pakistan’s social, political and economic standing improves globally as the world of today runs on national interests rather than moral values and emotions.

In a nutshell, the Kashmir conflict – an unsolved agenda – needs the dire attention of the international community. The unjustifiable behaviour of India towards the Kashmiris is growing worst with each passing day. In addition, India is trying to occupy the state forcibly by suppressing the voices of innocents. The problem is not as complicated as India has manoeuvred it on physical and military occupation strength. Consequently, Pakistan is trying its best to internationalize the cause of the Kashmiri people and garner the support of the world. Thus, until the international community accedes to helping the Kashmiris by facilitating either the talks or the implementation of the UN resolution, no resolution of the crisis is possible.

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