Approach the oral presentation task just as you would any other assignment. Review the available topics and then do some background reading and research to ensure you can talk about the topic for the appropriate length of time and in an informed manner. Break the question down into manageable parts .
Creating a presentation differs from writing an essay in that the information in the speech must align with the visual aid. Therefore, with each idea, concept, or new information that you write, you need to think about how this might be visually displayed through minimal text and the occasional use of images. Proceed to write your ideas in full, but consider that not all information will end up on a PowerPoint slide. Many guides, such as Marsen (2020), will suggest no more than five points per slide, with each bullet point have no more than six words (for a maximum of 30 words per slide). After all, it is you who are doing the presenting , not the PowerPoint. Your presentation skills are being evaluated, but this evaluation may include only a small percentage for the actual visual aid: check your assessment guidelines.
To keep your audience engaged and help them to remember what you have to say, you may want to use visual aids, such as slides.
When designing slides for your presentation, make sure:
When choosing images, it’s important to find images that:
The specific requirements for your papers may differ. Again, ensure that you read through any assignment requirements carefully and ask your lecturer or tutor if you’re unsure how to meet them.
Too often, students make an impressive PowerPoint though do not understand how to use it effectively to enhance their presentation.
It is clear by the name that nonverbal communication includes the ways that we communicate without speaking. You use nonverbal communication everyday–often without thinking about it. Consider meeting a friend on the street: you may say “hello”, but you may also smile, wave, offer your hand to shake, and the like. Here are a few tips that relate specifically to oral presentations.
Being confident and looking confident are two different things. Even if you may be nervous (which is natural), the following will help you look confident and professional:
Below is a video of some great tips about public speaking from Amy Wolff at TEDx Portland [1]
Two or more people tied by marriage, blood, adoption, or choice; living together or apart by choice or circumstance; having interaction within family roles; creating and maintaining a common culture; being characterized by economic cooperation; deciding to have or not to have children, either own or adopted; having boundaries; and claiming mutual affection.
Chapter 3: Oral Presentations Copyright © 2023 by Patricia Williamson is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.
Flipped learning module.
Each Flipped Learning Module (FLM) is a set of short videos and online activities that can be used (in whole or in part) to free up class time from content delivery for greater student interaction. At the end of the module, students are asked to fill out a brief survey, in which we adopt the minute paper strategy . In this approach, students are asked to submit their response to two brief questions regarding their knowledge of the module.
In this FLM, students are asked to complete a fill-in-the-blank outline which accompanies all three videos, covering the topics of oral presentation skill areas, preparation, and delivery. The completed outline will enhance the students’ note-taking skills and will serve as a summary of the FLM that they may refer to in the future.
oral/written communication, elocution, extemporaneous speech, oral retrieval, metacognition, visual aids, pacing, intonation, body language
Module Overview Oral Presentation Skill Areas Types of oral presentations you may encounter in your classes Key skill areas necessary for effective presentations Oral vs. written communication Oral Presentation Preparation Preparing on your own Working together with a group Creating slides and/or handouts for presentations Summarizing and Tips Pacing Intonation Body Language Download Video Transcripts
Download Outline
Oral presentation online activity 1.
What skills did you need in order to do this effectively? List at least three skills and explain why they were important.
What challenges did you run into? Describe at least one.
Was the speech or oral performance part of a larger writing or research project? How did the speaking inform the writing and research? And conversely, how did writing contribute to your oral expression?
What did you gain from the experience? List at least two things you learned from preparing and/or delivering the presentation, or two things you might do differently in the future based on your experience.
Submit your response to your instructor.
Oral presentation online activity 2.
How do you imagine the speaker prepared for this talk?
Oral presentation survey.
TED Talk title:
What does the speaker do effectively, and why? 1.
3. What, in your opinion, could the speaker do more effectively, and why? 1.
Download Worksheet 1
Download Digital Implementation of the Activity
“ Designing Effective PowerPoint Presentations .” The Purdue OWL , Purdue U Writing Lab.
“ How to Convert your Paper into a Presentation .” Duke University Thompson Writing Program .
Pollard, Catriona. “ The Top 5 TED Talks on How to Give a Great TED Talk .” From Unknown to Expert .
“ Posters & Presentations .” Georgia Tech Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program .
See all Writing Program Flipped Learning Modules
Whether you are at your job or in your academic career, you have to give a presentation. So, you must know the types of presentations so that you can prepare yourself for the best. There are four types of oral presentation. Each type is used in different forms of communication.
In a manuscript, the speech or presentation is in the written form that the speaker reads word for word. We can say that manuscript involves speaking from the text. The manuscript is useful when the presentation you are going to deliver is complex, critical, some official statement, or has technical information. In any of these cases, there is no space for a single error. It must be accurate and exact. The manuscript also helps you to prevent grammatical, technical, or pronunciation mistakes.
But the drawback of this type of presentation is that the concentration of the speaker remains on the paper and text and he can’t make eye contact with the audience. So, as a result, he is unable to capture the attention of his audience.
This type is suitable for those presenters who are beginners or fear to come on stage and face the audience. They get nervous and forget what they want to present. So, they memorize what they are going to present. But you should be careful while delivering it. It must look natural and spontaneous. The flow of your words and ideas should not be mechanical and speedy. One of the pros of this type is that you can maintain eye contact with the public. The drawback is that during the presentation if you forget what you memorized, you will feel embarrassed in front of the audience.
Impromptu is the spur-of-the-moment that you have to present without any preparation. It often happens when at the end, you are asked to give your remarks by sharing your opinion or thoughts with the audience. At this moment, the best way is to focus on the main point, share your opinion concisely, and wind it up with the best conclusion. Your conclusion must be connected to the main idea or your opening remarks. For the best impromptu, you must have vast knowledge, a lot of practice, long experience, and presentations. An ordinary or new speaker can’t perform impromptu excellently.
Unlike impromptu, extemporaneous allows great flexibility to the speaker. Extemporaneous is considered one of the best methods of presentation. In this type, the presentation is not written out completely. Rather the speaker prepares his presentation in the form of an outline or notes and practices it many times. During the presentation, he has a glance at the outline or notes to read the key points and elaborate them in front of the audience. He speaks in a conversational tone and natural manner. In Extemporaneous, he can maintain eye contact with his audience and grab their attention as well. For a good Extemporaneous, you must command the key points so that you can explain them appropriately. The speaker can include references to the surroundings, news, or previous speeches.
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Building an academic reputation is one of the most important functions of an academic faculty member, and one of the best ways to build a reputation is by giving scholarly presentations, particularly those that are oral presentations. Earning the reputation of someone who can give an excellent talk often results in invitations to give keynote addresses at regional and national conferences, which increases a faculty member’s visibility along with their area of research. Given the importance of oral presentations, it is surprising that few graduate or medical programs provide courses on how to give a talk. This is unfortunate because there are skills that can be learned and strategies that can be used to improve the ability to give an interesting, well-received oral presentation. To that end, the aim of this chapter is to provide faculty with best practices and tips on preparing and giving an academic oral presentation.
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Pashler H, McDaniel M, Rohrer D, Bjork R. Learning styles: concepts and evidence. Psychol Sci Public Interest. 2009;9:105–19.
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Krantz WB. Presenting an effective and dynamic technical paper: a guidebook for novice and experienced speakers in a multicultural world. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2017.
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Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
Cheryl Gore-Felton
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Laura Weiss Roberts
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© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Gore-Felton, C. (2020). How to Prepare and Give a Scholarly Oral Presentation. In: Roberts, L. (eds) Roberts Academic Medicine Handbook. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31957-1_42
DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31957-1_42
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You have four choices to deliver your oral speech termed as methods of oral delivery. These four methods of oral delivery of presentations are: extemporaneous, reading, memorization, and impromptu delivery.
This is one of the four methods of oral delivery in which you deliver speech with the help of already prepared notes, handouts, or outline. This is the most preferred way by audiences and speakers. Your outline may include quotations, comments, and facts and figures to reinforce, support, and strengthen your speech. This is the most preferred and most recommended way of delivery because it allows more eye contact with the audience and helps you establish direct contact with them. Frequent presentation will enable you to use fewer notes and feel more confident than a beginner does.
Reading is the second of the four methods of oral delivery. In case of long speeches, it may be necessary to read some parts of your speech text. There are occasions when you have to convey some critical and complex or technical information, or some official statement. In that case, you do not want to make mistakes or look absurd by ad-libbing. There you must read it verbatim—word for word. The good thing with reading method is that there are minimum chances of any mistake—technical, grammatical, or that of pronunciation. But this method oral delivery is that there is very little eye contact, which results in the loss of your audience’s attention.
This is the third of the methods of oral delivery works best for those who are novices or beginners in this skill. They feel stage fright, and feel embarrassed when presenting their ideas before audience. They memorize the speech before they deliver it. This gives them a sense of command, and courage to face the audience. But care should be taken that you make your memorized speech look spontaneous and natural. The flow your ideas should not be speedy and mechanical.
Very few speakers memorize their speech today. And they are right in not memorizing it. often the first few words of a statement or speech can be memorized, but memorizing the whole speech is neither recommended nor advised. The positive side of this style of speech is the eye contact. You are able to maintain maximum eye contact with the audience, which means you will be able to maintain maximum eye contact. But the risk of memorization is forgetting your text. In this way of delivery there are maximum chances of forgetting your exact wording. In that case you will grope for words while you are on the stage in front of the audience.
All this creates embarrassment, and decreases your credibility as a speaker.
This the fourth of the four methods of oral delivery.
You may be called upon at the last moment to share your opinion or offer your comments. When you speak “off the cuff”—without preparation—without a prior information that your will speak, you are speaking impromptu. Most of the times, you have to express your opinions before the audience on the spur of the moment. You are asked to address the gathering without preparation, rehearsal, or thought in advance. Impromptu way of oral delivery calls for vast knowledge, experience, and practice. After a lot of practice, and long presentations you are able to speak impromptu. That means an ordinary speaker is not able to perform excellently if they are asked to make an impromptu speech.
If you are interested in reading about Speaking Skills , please see my other articles regarding the subject.
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Informative presentations, persuasive presentations.
There are two basic types of presentations (or oral reports) that you will likely be called upon to deliver during your educational career and beyond — informative presentations and persuasive presentations.
The second type of presentation is a persuasive presentation. The goal of a persuasive presentation is to influence a change in the belief, attitude, or behavior of another person when that person has some degree of free choice. Expanding upon the example provided above, a persuasive presentation would not only inform the audience members about the South American rain forest and its endangered species, but would also try to get them to take specific and appropriate actions to save these species.
Both types of presentations can be used to start a discussion by providing information on a given topic followed by time for questions, answers, and discussion.
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15 presentation tips for captivating your audience and commanding the room.
Person speaking in front of audience
Public speaking can be a daunting task, especially when addressing a large audience. Whether you're giving a presentation in the boardroom or delivering a keynote speech at a conference, holding your audience's attention and maintaining command of the room is paramount. The ability to captivate your audience and leave a lasting impression not only enhances your message's impact but also builds your reputation as a confident and effective speaker.
Here, Forbes Coaches Council members share invaluable tips and strategies to help you conquer your fear of public speaking and ensure that your next presentation or speech is a resounding success.
1. Be Confident
Be grounded and confident to be yourself and then tell great stories. Use your voice and the stage to bring the stories alive. Your audience will connect to the emotion of the story but make sure that it is relevant for your audience and related to the topic. - Cath Daley , Cath Daley Ltd
2. Find A Way To Actively Engage The Audience
Be prepared with ways to get your audience engaged and keep their focus. Whether that's relating to your audience, telling a joke or asking questions, actively driving engagement will make for a more effective presentation or speech. - Luke Feldmeier , Online Leadership Training - Career and Leadership Accelerator for Engineers
3. Create An Emotional Connection
Creating an emotional connection with the audience and involving them in your session fosters active participation, and ensures your audience stays engaged throughout. This also serves to enhance your presence and to create memories that stay with them long after your presentation ends. - Kristin Andree , Andree Group
4. Put Your Unique Take Front And Center
Do you have something unexpected to say about your topic? Something that goes against the mainstream opinion in your industry or is maybe even slightly provocative? If so, putting your unique take front and center in the title and the beginning of your talk and explaining or resolving it later keeps your audience engaged and interested. - Micha Goebig , Go Big Coaching & Communications, LLC
5. Remember That The Audience Doesn't Know Your Planned Speech
No one wants to see you fail as a speaker. Remember that the focus shouldn't be on whether or not you can recall verbatim every word of your planned speech. The focus should be on how to connect to your audience with a few key points using a combination of storytelling and facts. - Sheri Nasim , Center for Executive Excellence
6. Adapt Your Language To The Audience
Talk about something they are interested in or include elements that will keep them interested. Start by asking why your topic matters to each and every one of them. Use language adapted to the audience. Keep the key messages to two or three maximum. Show them what you think and why you care about the topic. - Isabelle Claus Teixeira , Business and Human Development Consulting Pte Ltd
7. Try To Incorporate An Element Of Surprise
Engagement is the key to keeping the audience's attention. Invite participation, tell stories, walk around, have visuals, include humor, raise your voice and ask questions. Think of a comedian who points at someone in the audience: "Hey, you with the red shirt?" Everyone pays attention. What element of surprise can you present? - Susan Jordan, MBA, MSODL, PCC , Sphereshift Coaching and Consulting
8. Know Your Audience
Doing research ahead of time to ensure you're providing the subject matter in a personalized manner will keep their attention. The topic will dictate the necessary vibe. Based on that, providing opportunities for the group to engage, such as shouting out a word, raising a hand, etc., will also help maintain their interest. - Lindsay Miller , Reverie Organizational Development Specialists
9. Use The Problem-Agitation-Solution Approach
Don't just give a presentation — share a story. It must be a story-audience fit though. Use the P.A.S. — problem-agitation-solution — approach. Start with introducing a problem, follow by agitating the problem via telling a relevant anecdote and conclude by offering a solution by giving an audience a clear, direct way to avoid the pain and learn the lesson. - Alla Adam , Alla Adam Coaching
10. Tell The Audience What They Need To Hear
Instead of trying to figure out what to say, figure out what the audience wants and needs to hear. This shift in perspective allows you to tailor your speech in a way that keeps audiences actively engaged because it's good content that they want to hear. - Robin Pou , The Confident Leader
11. Go All In
To command your audience's attention you have to get into the spirit of what you're teaching and go all in without second-guessing yourself. People want to be led, but they'll be unwilling to follow someone who isn't confident in what they are communicating. - Arash Vossoughi , Voss Coaching Co.
12. Use A Compelling Opening
Start your speech/presentation with a compelling opening that grabs the audience's attention. This could be a surprising fact, a relevant story or a thought-provoking question. This initial engagement can help you establish a strong connection with the audience and set the stage for a captivating presentation. - Moza-Bella Tram , Moza-Bella LLC
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13. Be Authentic
Connect deeply with your essence and purpose. Radiate authenticity. When you're centered in genuine passion and truth others feel it, creating an unspoken bond. It's not about performing; it's about being present and real and offering value from the heart. That's magnetic. - Anna Yusim, MD , Yusim Psychiatry, Consulting & Executive Coaching
14. Let Your Audience Talk
There is nothing worse than stealing everyone's craving for autonomy and speaking the whole time. The person who does the talking does the learning. So, give some autonomy to the audience. Let them talk. Even if it's thinking time and talking to themselves, or to their neighbor or table group. This gains trust and they will lean into what you have to say even more. - Alex Draper , DX Learning Solutions
15. Leverage Non-Verbal Cues
My top tip is to engage your audience through storytelling. A compelling narrative captures attention, evokes emotion and makes complex ideas more relatable. Additionally, use body language and eye contact effectively. These non-verbal cues can significantly enhance your connection with the audience. - Peter Boolkah , The Transition Guy
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Summarizing the key points, the four main types of presentations are informative, instructional, persuasive, and entertaining. To elaborate, presentations can be categorized into four primary types. Informative presentations aim to provide the audience with data and facts about a specific topic. Instructional presentations are designed to teach the audience how to perform a particular task or process. Persuasive presentations seek to convince the audience to adopt a certain viewpoint or take a specific action. Lastly, entertaining presentations are intended to amuse and engage the audience, often through storytelling or humor.
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13.1 Oral versus Written Language. 13.2 Using Language Effectively. ... 15.2 Types of Presentation Aids. 15.3 Media to Use for Presentation Aids. 15.4 Tips for Preparing Presentation Aids. ... Impromptu speaking is the presentation of a short message without advance preparation. Impromptu speeches often occur when someone is asked to "say a ...
They are all one of the types of oral presentations. Oral presentations involve the use of verbal and non-verbal elements to deliver a speech to a particular or general audience. All the types we discussed fall into these 4 broad categories: 1. Extemporaneous presentations. This type of presentation involves making short pointers or key phrases ...
CREATE THIS PRESENTATION. 2. Persuasive presentation. If you've ever been swayed by a passionate speaker armed with compelling arguments, you've experienced a persuasive presentation . This type of presentation is like a verbal tug-of-war, aiming to convince the audience to see things from a specific perspective.
An oral presentation differs from a speech in that it usually has visual aids and may involve audience interaction; ideas are both shown and explained. A speech, on the other hand, is a formal verbal discourse addressing an audience, without visual aids and audience participation. Types of Oral Presentations Individual Presentation
Manuscript. The manuscript method is a form of speech delivery that involves speaking from text. With this method, a speaker will write out her speech word for word and practice how she will deliver the speech. A disadvantage of this method is a person may sound too practiced or stiff. To avoid sounding rehearsed, use eye contact, facial ...
Oral Presentations. Or. l Presen. ations1. PlanningOral presentations are one of the most common assignments i. college courses. Scholars, professionals, and students in all fields desire to disseminate the new knowledge they produce, and this is often accomplished by delivering oral presentations in class, at conferences, in public lectures, or i.
Manuscript Delivery. Watch the local or national 6 p.m., 11 p.m. and 6 a.m. newscasts on the same T.V. station. Make notes on which news items repeat and how closely, or exactly, the phrasing is, even if different personalities are presenting the same item.
Delivery. It is important to dress appropriately, stand up straight, and project your voice towards the back of the room. Practise using a microphone, or any other presentation aids, in advance. If you don't have your own presenting style, think of the style of inspirational scientific speakers you have seen and imitate it.
An oral presentation differs from a speech in that it usually has visual aids and may involve audience interaction; ideas are both shown and explained. A speech, on the other hand, is a formal verbal discourse addressing an audience, without visual aids and audience participation. Tips for Types of Oral Presentations Individual Presentation.
Key Terms. oral/written communication, elocution, extemporaneous speech, oral retrieval, metacognition, visual aids, pacing, intonation, body language. Module Overview. Oral Presentation Skill Areas. Types of oral presentations you may encounter in your classes. Key skill areas necessary for effective presentations. Oral vs. written communication.
There are four types of oral presentation. Each type is used in different forms of communication. In a manuscript, the speech or presentation is in the written form that the speaker reads word for word. We can say that manuscript involves speaking from the text. The manuscript is useful when the presentation you are going to deliver is complex ...
The oral presentation is a critically important skill for medical providers in communicating patient care wither other providers. It differs from a patient write-up in that it is shorter and more focused, providing what the listeners need to know rather than providing a comprehensive history that the write-up provides.
Activities. Read the materials about making oral presentations, and complete the activities as you prepare and practice your presentation. Types of Presentations. Preparing a Presentation. Being a Credible Speaker. Using Humor Effectively and Controlling Your Nervousness. Delivering the Presentation. Activity 1: Oral Presentations Review Quiz.
The four types of speech delivery this lesson will cover are: ... Public speaking involves a formal presentation that is given in front of an audience. ... Oral Narrative Activities ...
Define your topic. Arrange your material in a way that makes sense for your objectives. Compose your presentation. Create visual aids. Practice your presentation (don't forget to time it!) Make necessary adjustments. Analyze the room where you'll be giving your presentation (set-up, sight lines, equipment, etc.). Practice again.
To assist the audience, a speaker could start by saying, "Today, I am going to cover three main points.". Then, state what each point is by using transitional words such as "First," "Second," and "Finally.". For research focused presentations, the structure following the overview is similar to an academic paper.
Rule 4: Make the Take-Home Message Persistent. A good rule of thumb would seem to be that if you ask a member of the audience a week later about your presentation, they should be able to remember three points. If these are the key points you were trying to get across, you have done a good job. If they can remember any three points, but not the ...
These four methods of oral delivery of presentations are: extemporaneous, reading, memorization, and impromptu delivery. 1. Extemporaneous. This is one of the four methods of oral delivery in which you deliver speech with the help of already prepared notes, handouts, or outline. This is the most preferred way by audiences and speakers.
The 4 major presentation delivery styles are memorized, manuscript, impromptu, and extemporaneous. Here are the advantages and disadvantages of each. ... Tends toward written rather than oral style; Can be easy to lose your place; Impromptu. Impromptu delivery is speaking with little to no preparation. It is "winging it" or speaking "off ...
Types of Presentations. There are two basic types of presentations (or oral reports) that you will likely be called upon to deliver during your educational career and beyond — informative presentations and persuasive presentations. Informative Presentations. The purpose of informative presentations is to promote understanding of an idea or to ...
Tip #4: Use non-verbal clues strategically. "Make sure you use your body for inflections and gestures and think about how to move your body in space," Bailey says. "Think about standing tall, lengthening your spine and stretching your tailbone and you will be perceived by your audience as more energized.".
Public speaking is an art form of sorts, and just like any other type of art, this is one that requires practice. Improving your presentation skills will help reduce miscommunications, enhance your time management capabilities, and boost your leadership skills. The following offers a few tips to help you improve these skills: Work on self ...
2. Find A Way To Actively Engage The Audience. Be prepared with ways to get your audience engaged and keep their focus. Whether that's relating to your audience, telling a joke or asking questions ...
There are four types of oral presentations: • impromptu • extemporaneous • scripted • memorized Chapter 21. Making Oral Presentations © 2010 by Bedford/St. Martin's 1 You will deliver presentations to four types of audiences: • clients and customers • colleagues in your organization • fellow professionals at technical conferences • the public Chapter 21.
Summarizing the key points, the four main types of presentations are informative, instructional, persuasive, and entertaining. To elaborate, presentations can be categorized into four primary types. Informative presentations aim to provide the audience with data and facts about a specific topic. Instructional presentations are designed to teach ...