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Linguistics Theses and Dissertations

Theses/dissertations from 2022 2022.

Temporal Fluency in L2 Self-Assessments: A Cross-Linguistic Study of Spanish, Portuguese, and French , Mandy Case

Biblical Hebrew as a Negative Concord Language , J. Bradley Dukes

Revitalizing the Russian of a Heritage Speaker , Aaron Jordan

Analyzing Patterns of Complexity in Pre-University L2 English Writing , Zachary M. Lambert

Prosodic Modeling for Hymn Translation , Michael Abraham Peck

Interpretive Language and Museum Artwork: How Patrons Respond to Depictions of Native American and White Settler Encounters--A Thematic Analysis , Holli D. Rogerson

Theses/Dissertations from 2021 2021

Trademarks and Genericide: A Corpus and Experimental Approach to Understanding the Semantic Status of Trademarks , Richard B. Bevan

First and Second Language Use of Case, Aspect, and Tense in Finnish and English , Torin Kelley

Lexical Aspect in-sha Verb Chains in Pastaza Kichwa , Azya Dawn Ladd

Text-to-Speech Systems: Learner Perceptions of its Use as a Tool in the Language Classroom , Joseph Chi Man Mak

The Effects of Dynamic Written Corrective Feedback on the Accuracy and Complexity of Writing Produced by L2 Graduate Students , Lisa Rohm

Mental Contrasting with Implementation Intentions as Applied to Motivation in L2 Vocabulary Acquisition , Lindsay Michelle Stephenson

Linguistics of Russian Media During the 2016 US Election: A Corpus-Based Study , Devon K. Terry

Theses/Dissertations from 2020 2020

Portuguese and Chinese ESL Reading Behaviors Compared: An Eye-Tracking Study , Logan Kyle Blackwell

Mental Contrasting with Implementation Intentions to Lower Test Anxiety , Asena Cakmakci

The Categorization of Ideophone-Gesture Composites in Quichua Narratives , Maria Graciela Cano

Ranking Aspect-Based Features in Restaurant Reviews , Jacob Ling Hang Chan

Praise in Written Feedback: How L2 Writers Perceive and Value Praise , Karla Coca

Evidence for a Typology of Christ in the Book of Esther , L. Clayton Fausett

Gender Vs. Sex: Defining Meaning in a Modern World through use of Corpora and Semantic Surveys , Mary Elizabeth Garceau

The attributive suffix in Pastaza Kichwa , Barrett Wilson Hamp

An Examination of Motivation Types and Their Influence on English Proficiency for Current High School Students in South Korean , Euiyong Jung

Experienced ESL Teachers' Attitudes Towards Using Phonetic Symbols in Teaching English Pronunciation to Adult ESL Students , Oxana Kodirova

Evidentiality, Epistemic Modality and Mirativity: The Case of Cantonese Utterance Particles Ge3, Laak3, and Lo1 , Ka Fai Law

Application of a Self-Regulation Framework in an ESL Classroom: Effects on IEP International Students , Claudia Mencarelli

Parsing an American Sign Language Corpus with Combinatory Categorial Grammar , Michael Albert Nix

An Exploration of Mental Contrasting and Social Networks of English Language Learners , Adam T. Pinkston

A Corpus-Based Study of the Gender Assignment of Nominal Anglicisms in Brazilian Portuguese , Taryn Marie Skahill

Developing Listening Comprehension in ESL Students at the Intermediate Level by Reading Transcripts While Listening: A Cognitive Load Perspective , Sydney Sohler

The Effect of Language Learning Experience on Motivation and Anxiety of Foreign Language Learning Students , Josie Eileen Thacker

Identifying Language Needs in Community-Based Adult ELLs: Findings from an Ethnography of Four Salvadoran Immigrants in the Western United States , Kathryn Anne Watkins

Theses/Dissertations from 2019 2019

Using Eye Tracking to Examine Working Memory and Verbal Feature Processing in Spanish , Erik William Arnold

Self-Regulation in Transition: A Case Study of Three English Language Learners at an IEP , Allison Wallace Baker

"General Conference talk": Style Variation and the Styling of Identity in Latter-day Saint General Conference Oratory , Stephen Thomas Betts

Implementing Mental Contrasting to Improve English Language Learner Social Networks , Hannah Trimble Brown

Comparing Academic Vocabulary List (AVL) Frequency Bands to Leveled Biology and History Texts , Lynne Crandall

A Comparison of Mobile and Computer Receptive Language ESL Tests , Aislin Pickett Davis

Yea, Yea, Nay, Nay: Uses of the Archaic, Biblical Yea in the Book of Mormon , Michael Edward De Martini

L1 and L2 Reading Behaviors by Proficiency Level: An English-Portuguese Eye-Tracking Study , Larissa Grahl

Immediate Repeated Reading has Positive Effects on Reading Fluency for English Language Learners: An Eye-tracking Study , Jennifer Hemmert Hansen

Perceptions of Malaysian English Teachers Regarding the Importation of Expatriate Native and Nonnative English-speaking Teachers , Syringa Joanah Judd

Sociocultural Identification with the United States and English Pronunciation Comprehensibility and Accent Among International ESL Students , Christinah Paige Mulder

The Effects of Repeated Reading on the Fluency of Intermediate-Level English-as-a-Second-Language Learners: An Eye-Tracking Study , Krista Carlene Rich

Verb Usage in Egyptian Movies, Serials, and Blogs: A Case for Register Variation , Michael G. White

Theses/Dissertations from 2018 2018

Factors Influencing ESL Students' Selection of Intensive English Programs in the Western United States , Katie Briana Blanco

Pun Strategies Across Joke Schemata: A Corpus-Based Study , Robert Nishan Crapo

ESL Students' Reading Behaviors on Multiple-Choice Items at Differing Proficiency Levels: An Eye-Tracking Study , Juan M. Escalante Talavera

Backward Transfer of Apology Strategies from Japanese to English: Do English L1 Speakers Use Japanese-Style Apologies When Speaking English? , Candice April Flowers

Cultural Differences in Russian and English Magazine Advertising: A Pragmatic Approach , Emily Kay Furner

An Analysis of Rehearsed Speech Characteristics on the Oral Proficiency Interview—Computer (OPIc) , Gwyneth Elaine Gates

Predicting Speaking, Listening, and Reading Proficiency Gains During Study Abroad Using Social Network Metrics , Timothy James Hall

Navigating a New Culture: Analyzing Variables that Influence Intensive English Program Students' Cultural Adjustment Process , Sherie Lyn Kwok

Second Language Semantic Retrieval in the Bilingual Mind: The Case of Korean-English Expert Bilinguals , Janice Si-Man Lam

Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Korean Heritage-Speaking Interpreter , Yoonjoo Lee

Reading Idioms: A Comparative Eye-Tracking Study of Native English Speakers and Native Korean Speakers , Sarah Lynne Miner

Applying the Developmental Path of English Negation to the Automated Scoring of Learner Essays , Allen Travis Moore

Performance Self-Appraisal Calibration of ESL Students on a Proficiency Reading Test , Jodi Mikolajcik Petersen

Switch-Reference in Pastaza Kichwa , Alexander Harrison Rice

The Effects of Metacognitive Listening Strategy Instruction on ESL Learners' Listening Motivation , Corbin Kalanikiakahi Rivera

The Effects of Teacher Background on How Teachers Assess Native-Like and Nonnative-Like Grammar Errors: An Eye-Tracking Study , Wesley Makoto Schramm

Rubric Rating with MFRM vs. Randomly Distributed Comparative Judgment: A Comparison of Two Approaches to Second-Language Writing Assessment , Maureen Estelle Sims

Investigating the Perception of Identity Shift in Trilingual Speakers: A Case Study , Elena Vasilachi

Theses/Dissertations from 2017 2017

Preparing Non-Native English Speakers for the Mathematical Vocabulary in the GRE and GMAT , Irina Mikhailovna Baskova

Eye Behavior While Reading Words of Sanskrit and Urdu Origin in Hindi , Tahira Carroll

An Acoustical Analysis of the American English /l, r/ Contrast as Produced by Adult Japanese Learners of English Incorporating Word Position and Task Type , Braden Paul Chase

The Rhetoric Revision Log: A Second Study on a Feedback Tool for ESL Student Writing , Natalie Marie Cole

Quizlet Flashcards for the First 500 Words of the Academic Vocabulary List , Emily R. Crandell

The Impact of Changing TOEFL Cut-Scores on University Admissions , Laura Michelle Decker

A Latent Class Analysis of American English Dialects , Stephanie Nicole Hedges

Comparing the AWL and AVL in Textbooks from an Intensive English Program , Michelle Morgan Hernandez

Faculty and EAL Student Perceptions of Writing Purposes and Challenges in the Business Major , Amy Mae Johnson

Multilingual Trends in Five London Boroughs: A Linguistic Landscape Approach , Shayla Ann Johnson

Nature or Nurture in English Academic Writing: Korean and American Rhetorical Patterns , Sunok Kim

Differences in the Motivations of Chinese Learners of English in Different (Foreign or Second Language) Contexts , Rui Li

Managing Dynamic Written Corrective Feedback: Perceptions of Experienced Teachers , Rachel A. Messenger

Spanish Heritage Bilingual Perception of English-Specific Vowel Contrasts , John B. Nielsen

Taking the "Foreign" Out of the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale , Jared Benjamin Sell

Creole Genesis and Universality: Case, Word Order, and Agreement , Gerald Taylor Snow

Idioms or Open Choice? A Corpus Based Analysis , Kaitlyn Alayne VanWagoner

Applying Corpus-Assisted Critical Discourse Analysis to an Unrestricted Corpus: A Case Study in Indonesian and Malay Newspapers , Sara LuAnne White

Investigating the effects of Rater's Second Language Learning Background and Familiarity with Test-Taker's First Language on Speaking Test Scores , Ksenia Zhao

Theses/Dissertations from 2016 2016

The Influence of Online English Language Instruction on ESL Learners' Fluency Development , Rebecca Aaron

The Effect of Prompt Accent on Elicited Imitation Assessments in English as a Second Language , Jacob Garlin Barrows

A Framework for Evaluating Recommender Systems , Michael Gabriel Bean

Program and Classroom Factors Affecting Attendance Patterns For Hispanic Participants In Adult ESL Education , Steven J. Carter

A Longitudinal Analysis of Adult ESL Speakers' Oral Fluency Gains , Kostiantyn Fesenko

Rethinking Vocabulary Size Tests: Frequency Versus Item Difficulty , Brett James Hashimoto

The Onomatopoeic Ideophone-Gesture Relationship in Pastaza Quichua , Sarah Ann Hatton

A Hybrid Approach to Cross-Linguistic Tokenization: Morphology with Statistics , Logan R. Kearsley

Getting All the Ducks in a Row: Towards a Method for the Consolidation of English Idioms , Ethan Michael Lynn

Expecting Excellence: Student and Teacher Attitudes Towards Choosing to Speak English in an IEP , Alhyaba Encinas Moore

Lexical Trends in Young Adult Literature: A Corpus-Based Approach , Kyra McKinzie Nelson

A Corpus-Based Comparison of the Academic Word List and the Academic Vocabulary List , Jacob Andrew Newman

A Self-Regulated Learning Inventory Based on a Six-Dimensional Model of SRL , Christopher Nuttall

The Effectiveness of Using Written Feedback to Improve Adult ESL Learners' Spontaneous Pronunciation of English Suprasegmentals , Chirstin Stephens

Pragmatic Quotation Use in Online Yelp Reviews and its Connection to Author Sentiment , Mary Elisabeth Wright

Theses/Dissertations from 2015 2015

Conditional Sentences in Egyptian Colloquial and Modern Standard Arabic: A Corpus Study , Randell S. Bentley

A Corpus-Based Analysis of Russian Word Order Patterns , Stephanie Kay Billings

English to ASL Gloss Machine Translation , Mary Elizabeth Bonham

The Development of an ESP Vocabulary Study Guidefor the Utah State Driver Handbook , Kirsten M. Brown

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Linguistics and English Language PhD thesis collection

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This is a selection of some of the more recent theses from the department of Linguistics and English Language.

The material in this collection must be cited in line with the usual academic conventions. These theses are protected under full copyright law. You may download it for your own personal use only.

Recent Submissions

From cognition to word order universals: an artificial language learning approach , cognitive biases in competition: innovation and the evolution of language structure , learning to lose: the role of input variability in the loss of v2 , semantics of nominal and clausal embedding: how (not) to embed a clause and why , information structure of complex sentences: an empirical investigation into at-issueness , 'ane end of an auld song': macro and micro perspectives on written scots in correspondence during the union of the parliaments debates , intervention, participation, perception: case studies of language activism in catalonia, norway & scotland , aspects of cross-variety dinka tonal phonology , attitudes and perceptions of saudi students towards their non-native emi instructors , explanatory mixed methods approach to the effects of integrating apology strategies: evidence from saudi arabic , multilingualism in later life: natural history & effects of language learning , first language attrition in late bilingualism: lexical, syntactic and prosodic changes in english-italian bilinguals , syntactic change during the anglicisation of scots: insights from the parsed corpus of scottish correspondence , causation is non-eventive , developmental trajectory of grammatical gender: evidence from arabic , copular clauses in malay: synchronic, diachronic, and typological perspectives , sentence processing in first language attrition: the interplay of language, experience and cognitive load , choosing to presuppose: strategic uses of presupposition triggers , mechanisms underlying pre-school children’s syntactic, morphophonological and referential processing during language production , development and processing of non-canonical word orders in mandarin-speaking children .

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Linguistics theses and dissertations.

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Recent Submissions

• Automatic Analysis of Epistemic Stance-Taking in Academic English Writing: A Systemic Functional Approach  Eguchi, Masaki ( University of Oregon , 2024-01-10 ) Existing linguistic textual measures that investigate features of academic writing often focus on lexis, syntax, and cohesion, despite writing skills being considered more complex and multifaceted (e.g., Sparks et al., ...
• Empirical Foundations of Socio-Indexical Structure: Inquiries in Corpus Sociophonetics and Perceptual Learning  Gunter, Kaylynn ( University of Oregon , 2024-01-09 ) Speech is highly variable and systematic, governed by the internal linguistic system and socio-indexical factors. The systematic relationship of socio-indexical factors and variable phonetic forms, referred to here as ...
• Information Management in Isaan Storytelling  Raksachat, Milntra ( University of Oregon , 2024-01-09 ) This study is an investigation of information packaging or information structure properties associated with selected productive morphosyntactic constructions in Isaan narrative texts. The description and analysis of ...
• Case and Gender Loss in Germanic, Romance, and Balkan Sprachbund Languages  Alhazmi, Mofareh ( University of Oregon , 2023-03-24 ) My dissertation investigates the loss of morphological case and grammatical gender in the Germanic, Romance, and Balkan Sprachbund languages. Crucial language-internal and language-external motivations are considered. To ...
• Influences on Expert Intelligibility Judgments of School-age Children's Speech  Potratz, Jill ( University of Oregon , 2023-03-24 ) Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) make impressionistic intelligibility judgments as part of an evaluation of children for speech sound disorders. Despite the lack of formalization, it is an important measure of choice ...
• Factors that affect generalization of adaptation  Lee, Dae-yong ( University of Oregon , 2023-03-24 ) As there is a growing population of non-native speakers worldwide, facilitating communication involving native and non-native speakers has become increasingly important. While one way to help communication involving native ...
• The Chepang language: Phonology, Nominal and Verbal morphology - synchrony and diachrony of the varieties of the Lothar and Manahari Rivers  Pons, Marie-Caroline ( University of Oregon , 2022-10-26 ) N/A
• L2 Motivation in Language Revitalization Practice  Taylor-Adams, Allison ( University of Oregon , 2022-10-26 ) This dissertation investigates the initial and ongoing motivations of language revitalization practitioners. This study extends our understandings of language revitalization from the programmatic and sociological levels ...
• Indigenous Methodologies in Linguistics: A Case Study of Nuu-wee-ya' Language Revitalization  Hall, Jaeci ( University of Oregon , 2021-11-23 ) Doing linguistic research for the purpose of language revitalization, academic inclusion, and social justice fundamentally changes the perspective, questions, and goals of the work. Framing this research in a traditional ...
• Factors affecting the incidental formation of novel suprasegmental categories  Wright, Jonathan ( University of Oregon , 2021-11-23 ) Humans constantly use their senses to categorize stimuli in their environment. They develop categories for stimuli when they are young and constantly add to existing categories and learn novel categories throughout their ...
• Production and Perception of Native and Non-native Speech Enhancements  Kato, Misaki ( University of Oregon , 2020-12-08 ) One important factor that contributes to successful speech communication is an individual’s ability to speak more clearly when their listeners do not understand their speech. Though native talkers are able to implement ...
• Contingency, Contiguity, and Capacity: On the Meaning of the Instrumental Case Marking in Copular Predicative Constructions in Russian  Tretiak, Valeriia ( University of Oregon , 2020-12-08 ) This study investigates the use of the Instrumental case marking in copular predicative constructions in Russian. The study endeavors to explain why the case marking whose prototypical meaning cross-linguistically is that ...
• Towards Modelling Pausing Patterns in Adult Narrative Speech  Kallay, Jeffrey ( University of Oregon , 2020-12-08 ) The study that is the focus of this dissertation had 2 primary goals: 1) quantify systematic physiological, linguistic and cognitive effects on pausing in narrative speech; 2) formalize a preliminary model of pausing ...
• Teaching Papa to Cha-Cha: How Change Magnitude, Temporal Contiguity, and Task Affect Alternation Learning  Smolek, Amy ( University of Oregon , 2020-02-27 ) In this dissertation, we investigate how speakers produce wordforms they may not have heard before. Paradigm Uniformity (PU) is the cross-linguistic bias against stem changes, particularly large changes. We propose the ...
• Verbal Morphology of Amdo Tibetan  Tribur, Zoe ( University of Oregon , 2020-02-27 ) This dissertation describes the functional and structural properties of the Amdo Tibetan verb system. Amdo Tibetan (Tibetic, Trans-Himalayan) is a verb-final language, characterized by an elaborate system of post-verbal ...
• Investigating differential case marking in Sümi, a language of Nagaland, using language documentation and experimental methods  Teo, Amos ( University of Oregon , 2020-02-27 ) One goal in linguistics is to model how speakers use natural language to convey different kinds of information. In theories of grammar, two kinds of information: “who is doing what (and to whom)”, the technical term for ...
• Nominalization and Predication in Ut-Ma'in  Paterson, Rebecca ( University of Oregon , 2020-02-27 ) U̠t-Ma'in is a Kainji, East Benue-Congo language, spoken in northwestern Nigeria (ISO 639-3 code [gel]). This study contributes to our understanding of Benue-Congo languages by offering the first indepth look at nominalization ...
• Prosodic Prominence Perception, Regional Background, Ethnicity and Experience: Naive Perception of African American English and European American English  McLarty, Jason ( University of Oregon , 2020-02-27 ) Although much work has investigated various aspects of African American English (AAE), prosodic features of AAE have remained relatively underexamined (e.g. McLarty 2018; Thomas 2015). Studies have, however, identified ...
• A Historical Reconstruction of the Koman Language Family  Otero, Manuel ( University of Oregon , 2020-02-27 ) This dissertation is a historical-comparative reconstruction of the Koman family, a small group of languages spoken in what now constitutes the borderlands of Ethiopia, Sudan and South Sudan. Koman is comprised five living ...
• Accessibility, Language Production, and Language Change  Harmon, Zara ( University of Oregon , 2019-09-18 ) This dissertation explores the effects of frequency on the learning and use of linguistic constructions. The work examines the influence of frequency on form choice in production and meaning inference in comprehension and ...

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Home > School, College, or Department > CLAS > Applied Linguistics > Dissertations and Theses

Applied Linguistics Dissertations and Theses

Theses/dissertations from 2024 2024.

Prosodic Analysis of Wh -indeterminate Questions in L2 Korean , Jung In Lee

Theses/Dissertations from 2023 2023

Critical Analysis of Anti-Asian Hate in the News , Benardo Douglas Relampagos

A Multimodal Discourse Analysis of NASA's Instagram Account , Danica Lynn Tomber

Theses/Dissertations from 2020 2020

A Computer Science Academic Vocabulary List , David Roesler

Variation in Female and Male Dialogue in Buffy the Vampire Slayer : A Multi-dimensional Analysis , Amber Morgan Sanchez

Theses/Dissertations from 2019 2019

Differences in Syntactic Complexity in the Writing of EL1 and ELL Civil Engineering Students , Santiago Gustin

A Mixed Methods Analysis of Corpus Data from Reddit Discussions of "Gay Voice" , Sara Elizabeth Mulliner

Relationship Between Empathy and Language Proficiency in Adult Language Learners , Mika Sakai

Theses/Dissertations from 2018 2018

College Student Rankings of Multiple Speakers in a Public Speaking Context: a Language Attitudes Study on Japanese-accented English with a World Englishes Perspective , John James Ahlbrecht

Grammatical Errors by Arabic ESL Students: an Investigation of L1 Transfer through Error Analysis , Aisha Saud Alasfour

Foreign Language Anxiety, Sexuality, and Gender: Lived Experiences of Four LGBTQ+ Students , James Donald Mitchell

Verb Stem Alternation in Vaiphei , Jesse Prichard

Theses/Dissertations from 2017 2017

Teacher and Student Perceptions of World Englishes (WE) Pronunciations in two US Settings , Marie Arrieta

Escalating Language at Traffic Stops: Two Case Studies , Jamalieh Haley

Lexical Bundles in Applied Linguistics and Literature Writing: a Comparison of Intermediate English Learners and Professionals , Kathryn Marie Johnston

Multilingualism and Multiculturalism: Opinions from Spanish-Speaking English Learners from Mexico, Central America, and South America , Cailey Catherine Moe

An Analytical System for Determining Disciplinary Vocabulary for Data-Driven Learning: an Example from Civil Engineering , Philippa Jean Otto

Loanwords in Context: Lexical Borrowing from English to Japanese and its Effects on Second-Language Vocabulary Acquisition , Andrew Michael Sowers

Theses/Dissertations from 2016 2016

The Effect of Extended Instruction on Passive Voice, Reduced Relative Clauses, and Modal Would in the Academic Writing of Advanced English Language Learners , Audrey Bailey

Identity Construction and Language Use by Immigrant Women in a Microenterprise Development Program , Linda Eve Bonder

"That's the test?" Washback Effects of an Alternative Assessment in a Culturally Heterogeneous EAP University Class , Abigail Bennett Carrigan

Wiki-based Collaborative Creative Writing in the ESL Classroom , Rima Elabdali

A Study of the Intelligibility, Comprehensibility and Interpretability of Standard Marine Communication Phrases as Perceived by Chinese Mariners , Lillian Christine Holland

Theses/Dissertations from 2015 2015

Empowering All Who Teach: A Portrait of Two Non-Native English Speaking Teachers in a Globalized 21st Century , Rosa Dene David

A Corpus Based Analysis of Noun Modification in Empirical Research Articles in Applied Linguistics , Jo-Anne Hutter

Sound Effects: Age, Gender, and Sound Symbolism in American English , Timothy Allen Krause

Perspectives on the College Readiness and Outcome Achievement of Former Intensive English Language Program (IELP) Students , Meghan Oswalt

The Cognitive Development of Expertise in an ESL Teacher: A Case Study , Lyndsey Roos

Identity and Investment in the Community ESL Classroom , Jennifer Marie Sacklin

Theses/Dissertations from 2014 2014

Code Switching Between Tamazight and Arabic in the First Libyan Berber News Broadcast: An Application of Myers-Scotton's MLF and 4M Models , Ashour S. Abdulaziz

Self-Efficacy in Low-Level English Language Learners , Laura F. Blumenthal

The Impact of Wiki-based Collaborative Writing on English L2 Learners' Individual Writing Development , Gina Christina Caruso

Latino Men Managing HIV: An Appraisal Analysis of Intersubjective Relations in the Discourse of Five Research Interviews , Will Caston

Opportunities for Incidental Acquisition of Academic Vocabulary from Teacher Speech in an English for Academic Purposes Classroom , Eric Dean Dodson

Emerging Lexical Organization from Intentional Vocabulary Learning , Adam Jones

Effects of the First Language on Japanese ESL Learners' Answers to Negative Questions , Kosuke Kanda

"Had sh'er haute gamme, high technology": An Application of the MLF and 4-M Models to French-Arabic Codeswitching in Algerian Hip Hop , Samuel Nickilaus McLain-Jespersen

Is Self-Sufficiency Really Sufficient? A Critical Analysis of Federal Refugee Resettlement Policy and Local Attendant English Language Training in Portland, Oregon , Domminick McParland

Explorations into the Psycholinguistic Validity of Extended Collocations , J. Arianna Morgan

A Comparison of Linguistic Features in the Academic Writing of Advanced English Language Learner and English First Language University Students , Margo K. Russell

Theses/Dissertations from 2013 2013

The First Year: Development of Preservice Teacher Beliefs About Teaching and Learning During Year One of an MA TESOL Program , Emily Spady Addiego

L1 Influence on L2 Intonation in Russian Speakers of English , Christiane Fleur Crosby

English Loan Words in Japanese: Exploring Comprehension and Register , Naoko Horikawa

The Role of Expectations on Nonnative English Speaking Students' Wrtiting , Sara Marie Van Dan Acker

Hypothetical Would-Clauses in Korean EFL Textbooks: An Analysis Based on a Corpus Study and Focus on Form Approach , Soyung Yoo

Theses/Dissertations from 2012 2012

Negative Transfer in the Writing of Proficient Students of Russian: A Comparison of Heritage Language Learners and Second Language Learners , Daria Aleeva

Informal Learning Choices of Japanese ESL Students in the United States , Brent Harrison Amburgey

Iktomi: A Character Traits Analysis of a Dakota Culture Myth , Marianne Sue Kastner

Theses/Dissertations from 2011 2011

Motivation in Late Learners of Japanese: Self-Determination Theory, Attitudes and Pronunciation , Shannon Guinn-Collins

Foreign Language Students' Beliefs about Homestays , Sara Racheal Juveland

Teaching Intonation Patterns through Reading Aloud , Micah William Park

Disordered Thought, Disordered Language: A corpus-based description of the speech of individuals undergoing treatment for schizophrenia , Lucas Carl Steuber

Emotion Language and Emotion Narratives of Turkish-English Late Bilinguals , Melike Yücel Koç

Theses/Dissertations from 2010 2010

A Library and its Community: Exploring Perceptions of Collaboration , Phoebe Vincenza Daurio

A Structural and Functional Analysis of Codeswitching in Mi Vida Gitana 'My Gypsy Life,' a Bilingual Play , Gustavo Javier Fernandez

Writing Chinuk Wawa: A Materials Development Case Study , Sarah A. Braun Hamilton

Teacher Evaluation of Item Formats for an English Language Proficiency Assessment , Jose Luis Perea-Hernandez

Theses/Dissertations from 2009 2009

Building Community and Bridging Cultures: the Role of Volunteer Tutors in Oregon’s Latino Serving Community-Based Organizations , Troy Vaughn Hickman

Theses/Dissertations from 2007 2007

Beyond the Classroom Walls: a Study of Out-Of-Class English Use by Adult Community College ESL Students , Tracey Louise Knight

Theses/Dissertations from 2004 2004

A Dialect Study of Oregon NORMs , Lisa Wittenberg Hillyard

Theses/Dissertations from 2003 2003

The Acquisition of a Stage Dialect , Nathaniel George Halloran

Self-perceptions of non-native English speaking teachers of English as a second language , Kathryn Ann Long

The Development of Language Choice in a German Immersion School , Miranda Kussmaul Novash

Theses/Dissertations from 2002 2002

Writing in the Contact Zone: Three Portraits of Reflexivity and Transformation , Laurene L. Christensen

A Linguistic Evaluation of the Somali Women's Self Sufficiency Project , Ann Marie Kasper

Theses/Dissertations from 2001 2001

Attitudes at the Bank : A Survey of Reactions to Different Varieties of English , Sean Wilcox

Theses/Dissertations from 2000 2000

A Comparison of the Child Directed Speech of Traditional Dads With That of Stay-At-Home Dads , Judith Nancarrow Barr

Error Correction Preferences of Latino ESL Students , John Burrell

The Relationship Between Chinese Character Recognition Strategies and the Success of Character Memorization for Students of Mandarin Chinese , Hui-yen Emmy Chen

Portland dialect study: the story of /æ/ in Portland , Jeffrey C. Conn

On Communicative Competence : Its Nature and Origin , Mary Lou Emerson

The Influence of Cultural Backgrounds on the Interpretations of Literature Texts Used in the ESL Classroom , Barbara Jostrom Gates

Chinese Numeratives and the Mass/Count Distinction , David Goodman

Learning, Motivation, and Self : A Diary Study of an ESL Teacher’s Year in a Japanese Language Classroom , Laura Ruth Hawks

Portland Dialect Study - High Rising Terminal Contours (HRTs) in Portland Speech , Rebecca A. Wolff

Theses/Dissertations from 1998 1998

The Bolinger Principle and Teaching the Gerunds and Infinitives , Anna Maria Baratta-Zborowski

Training for Volunteer Teachers in Church-Affiliated English Language Mission Programs , Janet Noreen Blackwood

Šawaš ılıˀ--šawaš wawa: A Participant Observation Case Study of Language Planning by the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon , Gregry Michael Davis

Phonological Processing of Japanese Kanji Characters , Randy L. Evans

Academic ESL Reading : Semantic Mapping and Lexical Acquisition , Jeffrey Darin Maggard

The Representation of Gender in Current ESL Reading Materials , Kyunghee Ma

Perception of English Passives by Japanese ESL Learners : Do Adversity Passives in L1 Transfer? , Koichi Sawasaki

Theses/Dissertations from 1997 1997

Non-Literate Students in Adult Beginning English as a Second Language Classrooms - A Case Study , Sandra Lynn Banke

A Case Study of Twelve Japanese ESL Students' Use of Interaction Modifications , Darin Dooley

The Home-School Connection: Parental Influences on a Child's ESL Acquisition , Catharine Jauhiainen

A Comparison of Two Second Language Acquisition Models for Culturally and Linguistically Different Students , Karen Dorothy Kuhn

ESL CD-ROM Principles and their Application: A Software Evaluation , Stephanie Burgi LaMonica

Developing a Language in Education Policy for Post-apartheid South Africa: A Case Study , Nancy Murray

Video Self-Monitoring as an Alternative to Traditional Methods of Pronunciation Instruction , P. C. Noble

Analysis of Rhetorical Organization and Style Patterns in Korean and American Business Fax Letters of Complaint in English , Mi Young Park

The Importance of Time for Processing in Second Language Comprehension and Acquisition , Jennifer Lee Watson

Theses/Dissertations from 1996 1996

The Constraints of a Typological Implicational Universal for Interrogatives on Second Language Acquisition , Dee Anne Bess

An Assessment of the Needs of International Students for Student Services at Southern Oregon State College , Molly K. Emmons

The relationship between a pre-departure training program and its participants' intercultural communication competence , Daniel Timothy Ferguson

An Exploratory Evaluation of Language and Culture Contact by Japanese Sojourners in a Short-term US Academic Program , Elizabeth Anna Hartley

Correction of Classroom Oral Errors: Preferences among University Students of English in Japan , Akemi Katayama

An Analysis of Japanese Learners' Comprehension of Intonation in English , Misako Okubo

An Evaluation of English Spoken Fluency of Thai Graduate Students in the United States , Sugunya Ruangjaroon

A Cross-cultural Study of the Speech Act of Refusing in English and German , Charla Margaret Teufel

Theses/Dissertations from 1995 1995

An Examination of the English Vocabulary Knowledge of Adult English-for-Academic-Purposes Students: Correlation with English Second-Language Proficiency and the Validity of Yes/No Vocabulary Tests , Robert Scott Fetter

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Recent projects, theses, and dissertations

The following are recently completed PhD dissertations and MA Linguistics/MA Applied Linguistics theses, as well as MILR projects and theses. You can access any of these  UVic's Research and Learning repository (UVicSpace) .

PhD Dissertations

Yu, Chen. 2023.  The perception and production of Mandarin citation tones by prelingually deaf adults.

Khatri, Raj. 2022.  Supporting B.C.’s expanding international education: The efficacy of academic reading strategy instruction among adult English-as-an-additional-language students.

Deng, Jie. 2022.  L2, L3 and Heritage Acquisition of Chinese T3 Sandhi: Comprehensibility and Accentedness

Friesen, Dianne. 2022.  A Grammar of Relationship: How Mi’kmaw verbs indicate the relationship between participants in a sentence.

Yousefi, Marziyeh. 2020.  Investigating the Effect of Corrective Feedback on Second Language Pragmatics: Face-to Face vs. Technology-Mediated Communication.

Anisman, Adar. 2019.  When 'if' is 'when' and 'when' is 'then': The particle nı̨dè in Tłı̨chǫ.

Hart-Blundon, Patricia. 2019.   Learning Standard English in addition to a Local English Variety.

Ceong, Hailey Hyekyeong. 2019.   The morphosyntax of clause typing: single, double periphrastic, and multifunctional complementizers in Korean.

Liu, Jianxun. 2019.  The syntax of V-V resultatives in Mandarin Chinese .

Leonard, Janet. 2019.  The Phonological Representation and Distribution of Vowels in SENĆOŦEN (Saanich).

Alkutbi, Douaa. 2018.  Bridging the Gap: A Study of Academic Language-Learning Needs of Saudi International Students.

Onosson, D. Sky. 2018.  An Acoustic Study of Canadian Raising in Three Dialects of North American English.

Lucarevschi, Claudio Rezende. 2018.  The Role of Storytelling in the Development of Pronunciation of Brazilian Learners of English as a Foreign Language.

Qian, Xiaojuan. 2017. Novice, Paraprofessional, and Professional Translators' Strategy Use in Chinese-English Translation Processes: Retrospective Reflections, Concurrent Screen-capturing, and Key-stroke Logging.

Travers, Nicholas. 2017. English-as-an-Additional-Language Job Interviews: Pragmatics Training for Candidates and Analyzing Performance on Both Sides of the Table.

Nogita, Akitsugu. 2016. L2 Letter-Sound Correspondence: Mapping Between English Vowel Graphemes and Phonomes by Japanese EAL Learners.

Luo, Shan. 2015. Gestural overlap across word boundaries: Evidence from English and Mandarin speakers.

Li, Ya. 2015. Timing and Melody: An Acoustic Study of Rhythmic Patterns of Chinese Dialects .

Karim, Khaled. 2013. The Effects of Direct and Indirect Corrective Feedback (CF) on English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) Students' Revision Accuracy and Writing Skills.

Nicolson, Marianne. 2013. Yexa Uḱwine’, yexa Gukw, dłuwida Awinagwis” The Body, the House, and the Land: The Conceptualization of Space in Kwakwaka’wakw Language and Culture   [INTD: Linguistics and Anthropology]

Moisik, Scott. 2013. The Epilarynx in Speech .

Lee, Sunghwa. 2013. Multiple Exponence in Non-inflectional Morphology.

Robertson, David Douglas. 2012. Kamloops Chinuk Wawa, Chinuk pipa, and the vitality of pidgins .

Tian, Jun. 2012. The Effects of peer editing versus co-writing on writing in Chinese-as-a-foreign language .

Pytlyk, Carolyn. 2012. Expanding the scope of orthographic effects: evidence from phoneme counting in first, second, and unfamiliar languages .

MA Linguistics Theses

Farr, Chloë. 2024.  Unmasking ChatGPT: The Challenges of Using Artificial Intelligence for Learning Vocabulary in English as an Additional Language.

Li, Mitchell, 2024.  Statistical Power for Small Effect Sizes: An investigation of backward priming in Mandarin-English bilinguals.

Campbell, Jessalyn. 2023.  Serial Verb Constructions in SENĆOŦEN.

Loughlin, Aiden. 2022.  Who is they? Pronoun use across time and social structure.

Allen, Caroline. 2022.  GET over time: a longitudinal variationist analysis of passive voice in contemporary English.

Moser, Christiana. 2021.  Heterogeneity in the structure of Icelandic -st figure reflexives.

Buaillon, Emmanuelle. 2021.  À Paris/sur Paris: A Variationist Account of Prepositional Alternation Before City Names in Hexagonal French.

Fortier, Kyra. 2019.  An Acoustic Investigation of Vowel Variation in Gitksan .

Comeau, Emily. 2018.  Literacy and Language Revitalization: Leaving a Visible Trace.

Dworak, Catherine. 2018.  Limxhl Hlgu Wo'omhlxw Song of the Newborn: Knowledge and Stories Surrounding Pregnancy, Childbirth, and the Newborn. A Collaborative Language Project.

Richards, Matthew. 2018.  Prosodic Structure of the Foxtrot.

Hilderman, Dustin. 2018.  Codeswitching in the Multilingual Mind.

Nolan, Tess. 2017. A Phonetic Investigation of Vowel Variation in Lekwungen.

Enriquez Garcia, Ildara. 2017.  Variation and Clitic Placement among Galician Neofalantes.

Jenni, Barbara. 2017. Self-Narrative Following Acquired Brain Injury: An Exploration of Linguistic, Subjective, and Other Associated Factors.

Hildebrand-Edgar, Nicole. 2016. Creaky Voice: An Interactional Resource for Indexing Authority.

Huijsmans, Marianne. 2015. Linearization and Prosodic Phrasing: The Case of SENĆOŦEN Second-Position Clitics.

Saunders, Susan Jane. 2015. A Language Survey of Northern Metis Languages: A Community-Based Language Revitalization Project.

Litvin, Natalia. 2014.  An Ultrasound Investigation of Secondary Velarization in Russian.

Xing, Nan. 2014. English /l/s as Produced by Native English and Mandarin Chinese Speakers.

McKishnie, Andrew. 2013.  Depictives and Wh-Movement of Depictives in East Slavic.

McCreery, Dale. 2013. Challenges and Solutions in Adult Acquisition of Cree as a Second Language .

Liu, Jianxun. 2012. An applicative approach to “oblique object” constructions and DOCs in Chinese.

Ceong, Hailey Hyekyeong. 2012. The Syntax of Korean polar alternative questions: A-not-A.

MA Applied Linguistics Theses

Mao, Siyu (Rain). 2024.  Chinese-as-a-First-Language (CL1) and English-as-a-First-Language (EL1)Undergraduate Students' Business Writing in Canadian Universities:A Corpus-Based Contrastive Study of Linguistic Features.

Somerville, Matthew. 2023.  Nihonjin Kyoushi Dake?: The Perceptions and Beliefs of a Non-Native Speaking Teacher in a High-intermediate Japanese Language Class.

O'Toole, Erin. 2023.  A critical examination of Core French curriculum, teaching methods, and learning motivational factors in British Columbia.

Aleassa, Lana. 2023.  Apology Strategies in High vs. Low Context Cultures.

Cervantes, Eloisa. 2023.  Heritage Language Anxiety in Canadian Post-Secondary Learners of Spanish.

Serpas, Gill. 2023.  Mainly English, Some Japanese: Exploring the Opinions of EFL Students and EFL Teachers on Using Translanguaging in EFL Classrooms in Japan.

Shirani, Reza. 2020.  Explicit versus Implicit Corrective Feedback During Videoconferencing: Effects on the Accuracy and Fluency of L2 Speech.

Blackstone, Pam. 2019.   An investigation of pedagogical approaches and methods used in a French university French-as-a-foreign-language program: teacher and student perspectives.

Bagherbeigi, Vahid. 2019.  The Impact of Computer-mediated Communication on EFL Learners' Oral Performance.

Kim, Keun. 2019. The efficacy of lexical stress diacritics in the English comprehensibility and accentedness of Korean speakers.

Zhang, Yiran. 2018.  A Comparative Study of the Language Content of Employment-Related Units in Government-Funded Language Programs for Newcomers in Canada and Australia.

Suessenbach, Lisa. 2018.  A Phonetic and Phonological Investigation of North American English (NAE) Segments in the Interlanguage Grammar of a Native Speaker of German (SHG).

Romig, Silas. 2017. The Production and Perception of English Vowels by Native Speakers of Brazilian Portuguese Living in Victoria, Canada.

Thompson Wagner, Christiani Pinheiro. Preliminary Study of the Role of Eye Contact, Gestures, and Smiles Produced by Chinese-as-a-First-Language Test-Takers on Ratings Assigned by English-as-a-First-Language Examiners During IELTS Speaking Tests.

Hill, Carrie. 2015. Exploring Mandarin-speaking English-as-an-Additional-Language graduate students' academic reading strategies in three reading modes: paper, e-reading without hypertext, and e-reading with embedded hypertext.

Zariski, Ross. 2014. World of Warcraft as a medium for Intermediate-Level English Language Acquisition: Leveling up Accuracy, Fluency, and Lexical Complexity.

Cai, Mengyue. 2014. Undergraduate EAL (English-as-an-Additional-Language) Students' Reported Use of Vocabulary Learning Strategies and its Relationship vis-a-vis Language Proficency, Vocabulary Size, and Gender.

Kim, Jongmin. 2014. Incidental Focus-on-Form and Learner Extraversion.

Parker, Aliana Violet. 2013. Learning the language of the land .

Malec, Alesia. 2013. Examining emotional responses to written feedback and the role emotions play on second language writing performance .

Chen, Sibo. 2013. Genre Features of Personal Statements by Chinese English-as-an-Additional-Language Writers: A Corpus-Driven Study .

Hannigan, Patricia. 2013. Promoting awareness and regulation of social and affective behaviours during L2 speaking tasks through written reflection .

Park, Seon-Young. 2012 . Korean parents', kindergarten teachers', and kindergarten students' perceptions of early English-language education .

Yu, Zhaoru. 2012. The production and the perception of English vowels by Mandarin speakers .

Fu, Tingfen. 2012. Corrective feedback and learner uptake in a Chinese as a foreign language class: do perceptions and the reality match?

Guo, Xiaoqian. 2012. L1 and L2 writing strategies: a study of Chinese graduate writers using concurrent think-aloud.

Kaneko, Kyoko. 2012. A comparative study of the use of request strategies by learners and native speakers of Japanese.

Fan, Yanan. 2012. Articulatory timing of English consonant clusters in the coda positions: a study of Chinese-English interlanguage.

MA Applied Linguistics Non-Thesis

Aalam, Niloofar. 2019. The role of playing collabortive online games in mediating vocabulary learning.

Cathers, Bryan. 2019.  A Survey of Michif Language Use and Attitudes of Métis in Victoria .

Sinha, Tara-Shankar. 2017. ESL Learners' Perception and the Efficacy of Written Corrective Feedback.

MILR Projects and Theses

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PhD projects

They are currently writing their PhD thesis at the Centre for English Corpus Linguistics under the supervision of CECL team members:

Laura Aguiar de Souza Penha Marion

PhD project : Directionality in empirical translation studies: Triangulating product and process data Supervisors : Gaëtanelle Gilquin (UCLouvain) and Marie-Aude Lefer (UCLouvain)

Romane Bodart

PhD project : Assessing quality in student post-editing and translation Supervisor : Marie-Aude Lefer (UCLouvain)

Tanguy Dubois

PhD project : Alternation phenomena in EFL learners: Probabilistic Grammar meets Usage-based approaches to Second Language Acquisition Supervisors : Magali Paquot (UCLouvain) and Benedikt Szmrecsanyi (KUL)

Alice Heylens

PhD project: Translating from Sign Language of French-Speaking Belgium (LSFB) into French: Analysis of Errors and Translation Solutions in Student and Expert Translation Supervisors: Laurence Meurant (UNamur) and Marie-Aude Lefer (UCLouvain)

Lingmin Huang

PhD project:  Lexical bundle use across EFL and ESL varieties Supervisors: Sylviane Granger and Sylvie De Cock (UCLouvain)

HSU, Hung-Hsin (Romain)

PhD project: Corpus-based contrastive study of questions in French and Mandarin Supervisor: Marie-Aude Lefer (UCLouvain)

Pauline Jadoulle

PhD project : Investigating novice academic writing: A crosslinguistic approach to authorial stance Supervisor : Magali Paquot (UCLouvain)

Tim Marchand

PhD project : An investigation into expert and learner corpora of computer-mediated communication Supervisor : Sylviane Granger (UCLouvain)

Gervaise Picron

PhD project : Analyse linguistique des stades évolutifs de la compétence rédactionnelle à l'université Supervisors : Anne-Catherine Simon (VALIBEL, UCLouvain) and Magali Paquot (UCLouvain)

Thomas Prinzie

PhD project : Source and target influences on translator choices: The roles of salience and expertise Supervisors : Marie-Aude Lefer (UCLouvain) 

Laurie Radar

PhD project : Dyslexia in L2 writing: a product- and process-based approach Supervisors : Gaëtanelle Gilquin (UCLouvain) 

Rachel Rubin

PhD project : Lexicogrammatical complexity – A missing construct in L2 research Supervisors : Alex Housen (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) and Magali Paquot (UCLouvain)  

PhD project : A corpus-driven approach to the valency patterns of TAKE and GIVE in New Englishes and Learner Englishes Supervisors : Gaëtanelle Gilquin (UCLouvain)  

They completed their PhD thesis at the Centre for English Corpus Linguistics under the supervision of CECL team members:

Nate Vandeweerd

PhD project : Lexicogrammatical complexity in French as a Foreign Language: The impact of mode, 2022 Supervisors : Alex Housen and Magali Paquot

Amélie Bulon

PhD project : The acquisition of phraseological units by French-speaking learners of English and Dutch in CLIL and NON-CLIL settings: exposure effects on range and accuracy, 2019 Supervisor : Fanny Meunier

Basma Bouziri

PhD projec t: A corpus-assisted genre analysis of the Tunisian Lecture Corpus: focus on metadiscourse, 2019 Supervisor : Fanny Meunier

Isa Hendrikx

PhD project : The acquisition of intensifying constructions in Dutch and English by French-speaking CLIL and non-CLIL students. Cross-linguistic influence and exposure effects, 2019 Supervisors : Kristel Van Goethem and Fanny Meunier

Samantha Laporte

PhD project : The patterning of the high-frequency verb make in varieties of English: A Construction Grammar approach, 2019 Superviso r: Gaëtanelle Gilquin

Maïté Dupont

PhD project: Conjunctive Markers of Contrast in English and French: From Syntax to Lexis and Discourse, 2019 Supervisors: Sylviane Granger and Liesbeth Degand

Amandine Dumont

PhD project : Fluency and disfluency: A corpus study of nonnative and native speaker (dis)fluency profiles, 2018 Supervisors : Gaëtanelle Gilquin and Sylviane Granger

Natassia Schutz

PhD project : Verbs in English for Academic Purposes: A cross-disciplinary corpus-driven study, 2017 Supervisor : Sylviane Granger

Ludivine Crible

PhD project : Discourse markers and (dis)fluency across registers: A contrastive usage-based study in English and French, 2017 Supervisor : Liesbeth Degand and Gaëtanelle Gilquin

Verena Möller

PhD project : The impact of Educational Setting:  A Study of the English Passive in German EFL and CLIL, 2016 Supervisors : Sylviane Granger and Ulrich Heid

Eric Nicaise

PhD project : Highlighting linguistic features of native-English teacher talk as a reference framework for French-speaking EFL teachers: a corpus study, 2015 Supervisor : Fanny Meunier

Damien Littré

PhD project : A cognitive, longitudinal study of the use of the English present progressive by intermediate and advanced French-speaking learners, 2014 Supervisor : Fanny Meunier

Diane Goossens

PhD project : Quantity approximation in business language. A contrastive, corpus-driven approach (Dutch, English, French), 2014 Supervisor : Sylvie De Cock and Philippe Hiligsmann

Arnaud Vincent

PhD project : A corpus linguistics approach to the rhetorical god gap in U.S. presidential campaigns, 2014 Supervisor : Fanny Meunier

Jennifer Thewissen

PhD project : A learner-corpus-based study of error developmental patterns: The impact of proficiency level, 2012 Supervisor : Sylviane Granger

Thana Hmidani

PhD project : Didactic modeling: teaching English tenses to First-Year university Arabic-speaking learners of English, 2010 Supervisor : Fanny Meunier

Marie-Aude Lefer

PhD project : Exploring lexical morphology across languages: A corpus-based study of prefixation in English and French writing, 2009 Supervisor : Sylviane Granger

Nora Condon

PhD project : Investigating a cognitive linguistic approach to the learning of English phrasal verbs, 2008 Supervisors : Sylviane Granger and Peter Kelly

Christelle Cosme

PhD project : Clause Linking across Languages A corpus-based study of coordination and subordination in English, French and Dutch, 2007 Supervisor : Sylviane Granger

PhD project : Design and Evaluation of a Computer Assisted Vocabulary Learning Program for Chinese Learners of English: A User-Centred Approach, 2007 Supervisors : Sylviane Granger and Peter Kelly

Magali Paquot

PhD project : EAP vocabulary in native and learner writing: From extraction to analysis. A phraseology-oriented approach, 2007 Supervisor : Sylviane Granger

Gaëtanelle Gilquin

PhD project : Corpus-based cognitive study of the main English causative verbs. A syntactic, semantic, lexical and stylistic approach, 2004 Supervisor : Sylviane Granger

Sylvie De Cock

PhD project : Recurrent Sequences of Words in Native Speaker and Advanced Learner Spoken and Written English: A Corpus-Driven Approach, 2003 Supervisor : Sylviane Granger

Jamal Koubali

PhD project : News and editorials in the British Press: A comparative discourse analysis study, 2000 Supervisor : Sylviane Granger

Fanny Meunier

PhD project : A computer corpus linguistics approach to interlanguage grammar: Noun phrase complexity in advanced learner writing, 2000 Supervisor : Sylviane Granger

Isabelle Knott

PhD project : The Function and Implications of Metaphor in British “Quality” and “Popular” Dailies, 1996 Supervisor : Sylviane Granger

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PhD studentship in Corpus Linguistics/ Applied Linguistics

The research project 'People, products, pests and pets: the discursive representation of animals ' (Leverhulme) will run at King's College London and The University of Birmingham from September 2013-2016. 

Learn more: People, products, pests and pets: the discursive representation of animals

Working on this project with  Dr Alison Sealey  and Dr Mel Evans, will be the recipient of a three-year PhD studentship.

The PhD student will use corpus analytic techniques to investigate ways in which animals have been represented in English discourse in the previous two centuries. This research will entail the collection and analysis of a diachronic corpus of texts, working in liaison with the project team and under the supervision of Dr Alison Sealey and Dr Mel Evans. Potential topics include: the language used in wildlife broadcasts from the earliest examples to 2000; newspaper reports featuring stories about wild / domestic / farmed animals 1800 – 2000; archival texts from organisations represented in the main project, such as the RSPCA, from its inception in 1824 to 2000.

Informal enquiries are welcome and can be made to Dr Alison Sealey [email protected] , project Co-Investigator. Applicants should apply directly to Dr Alison Sealey via email. The successful candidate will be asked to apply formally to the University’s Graduate School after selection. Qualifications: you will have very good undergraduate and Master’s degrees in relevant disciplines, e.g. English Language, Applied Linguistics, Corpus Linguistics. Only applicants who are not already reading for a PhD are eligible for this studentship. Application: Send hard and electronic copies of the documents listed below to Dr Alison Sealey, Department of English, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT by 27th September 2013 1. CV including your undergraduate and MA/M.Phil educational history with degree and exam results, and any awards; special skills or experience (e.g. language proficiency, other relevant expertise); and publications (if any). 2. Covering letter one A4 side only, describing your preparation and qualification for, and interest in, this studentship. 3. A sample of your post-graduate academic writing (up to 3000 words), or a short academic publication. 4. A proposal of not more than 2000 words, outlining the PhD research you would undertake within the parameters of the Birmingham studentship for this project as described in the summary. In addition, you need to supply two letters of reference, one of which should be from a tutor on your post-graduate course, preferably your dissertation supervisor. Ask your referees to send their letters directly by email to [email protected]  27th September 2013. Interviews will be conducted as soon as possible after the closing date, in Edgbaston, Birmingham.

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Alibaba, Ayten (2022) “There are new faces here today.” negotiations of membership in modern diasporas. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Abdallah, Wagdi Gabreldar Mahil (2021) The stories of four Sudanese English as additional language children : an ethnographic home-based study. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Anderson, Jason (2021) Eight expert Indian teachers of English : a participatory comparative case study of teacher expertise in the Global South. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Al Rawahi, Abdullah Khalfan (2020) Building the bridge of affordances : exploring teacher research support in a university language centre. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Abdul Fatah, Farhana Binti (2019) Discourses of the non-veiled: exploring discursive identity constructions among Malaysian Muslim women who do not veil. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Alansari, Suha (2019) Localizing global English language textbooks: a critical multimodal discourse analysis of identity construction in global, regional and local editions. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Abdulhaleem, Ebtesam Abdulaleem (2018) How well does a preparatory year programme in a Saudi university prepare students for the writing demands of medical healthcare colleges?: A gap analysis approach to needs analysis using the CEFR scales. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Alyasin, Abulqader (2015) Teachers' perspectives on ELT : a research journey from challenging to conflict circumstances in Syria. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Ajjan, Mais (2012) Teaching and learning in large tertiary Syrian classes : an investigation into students' and tutors' perspectives. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Asghar, Jabreel (2010) Critical investigation into a textbook for actual and potential uses in Pakistani higher secondary education. Other thesis, University of Warwick.

Bustos-Moraga, Claudia Andrea (2022) Design and implementation of a course for mentors of teacher-research in Chile, Peru, and Mexico : an action research approach. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Bartali, Valentina (2022) A cross-cultural and intercultural investigation of request realisation strategies in Italian and British-English and the issue of how culturally-bound understandings of politeness can affect intercultural interactions. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Bilgin, Sezen S. (2015) Code switching in ELT teaching practice in Turkey : teacher practices, beliefs and identity. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Bilgen, Fatos Eren (2013) Negotiating professional identities in higher education during redundancy and uncertainty : narratives of TEFL teachers in Northern Cyprus. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Banegas, Dario Luis (2013) Teachers developing language-driven CLIL through collaborative action research in Argentina. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Beaven, Ana Maria G. (2012) An exploration of cross-cultural adaptation in the context of European student mobility. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Cheng, Jielei (2022) An exploration of self-taught bachelor’s degree learners’ agency in managing the interplays amongst l2 motivations, imagination, autonomous learning behaviours and the micro- and macro-level contextual influences. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Consoli, Sal (2020) The motivational journeys of Chinese postgraduate students in a UK university : an ecological perspective for practitioners and academics. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Clayton, Daniel (2019) “You live together, you train together, you play together, you drink together” : an investigation of transition in British university sport. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Chimbwete-Phiri, Rachel (2018) The reproduction and negotiation of knowledge in HIV/AIDS consultations in Malawi. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Cajas, Diego (2017) Characterising the challenges and responses of Ecuadorian universities to recent EFL language policy changes : a mixed methods study. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Cai, Xiaozhe (2017) Managing difference : postgraduate students' experience and perspectives of multicultural group work in an internationalising university. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Chulim, Floricely Dzay (2015) Pre-service teachers reflecting on their teaching practice : an action research study in a Mexican context. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Drissat, Abir (2022) Teaching more than English : exploring possibilities for critical intercultural pedagogy in Algerian EFL contexts. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Doukmak, Reem (2019) Understanding the Syrian refugee educational experience : engaging with a drama intervention by Syrian refugees in Turkey. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Debray, Carolin (2018) Troubles talk as a relational strategy in intercultural teamwork. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Dixon, David (Researcher in Applied linguistics) (2011) Measuring language learner autonomy in tertiary-level learners of English. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Efthymiadou, Christina (2018) ‘It’s all about trust after all’: doing trust in cross-border collaboration. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Gamero Mujica, Maricarmen Balbina (2022) Understanding the challenges of synchronous video-mediated teaching through the eyes of remote ELT practitioners. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Gakonga, Joanne (2022) Better together : reciprocal professional development in a mentor training programme. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Ghounaim, Samiah Hesham (2021) “It takes time to build the habit”: a data-led approach to developing reflective practices for in-service EFL teachers. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Greenaway, Thomas (2018) Fostering global graduates: researching student actions in teamwork projects, and the ways through which students develop intercultural competencies. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Geng, Yifan (2015) Appraisal in discussion sections of doctoral theses in the discipline of ELT/Applied Linguistics at Warwick University : a corpus-based analysis. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Ghobain, Elham Abdullah (2014) A case study of ESP for medical workplaces in Saudi Arabia from a needs analysis perspective. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Hsieh, I-Chen (2022) Policy, position, and practice : a linguistic ethnography study of Taiwanese English language teacher identity and agency in multilingual and multimodal times. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Humonen, Kristina (2019) ‘I am in no position to express myself.’ An ethnographic case study of multilingualism at a Finnish food corporation. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Herrera, Eduardo Chávez (2019) Semioticians' glassy essence : the discursive construction of semiotics through the eyes of its practitioners. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Haghi, Saeede (2018) An investigation into the characteristics and efficacy of in-sessional academic English language provision at UK higher education institutions. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Hah, Sixian (2018) “That’s what’s moved me to tears!” – The world of academic researchers and their struggles from a discursive perspective. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Huang, Lan-Ting (2016) Interaction around corrective feedback in elementary English classes in Taiwan. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Hyacinth, Timi B. (2013) Reflection for specific purposes : the use of reflection by Nigerian English language teachers. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Heo, Jaeyeon (2013) A case study of team teaching and team teachers in Korean primary schools. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Huang, Shu-er (2011) Ideal and reality of textbook selection : an interview- and questionnaire- based investigation in the Taiwanese tertiary context. Other thesis, University of Warwick.

Howard, Amanda Jane (2010) Teacher appraisal : the impact of observation on teachers’ classroom behaviour. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Hunter, Duncan (2009) Communicative language teaching and the ELT Journal : a corpus-based approach to the history of a discourse. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Ikeda, Chika (2012) Explorations in the feasibility of introducing phonological awareness and early reading instruction into Japanese elementary school English education. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Iguchi, Mikio (2011) Integration, identity and beyond : a narrative case study of two Japanese women living in Britain. Other thesis, University of Warwick.

Idris, Ahmad Yusuf (2011) Investigating the effects of the supervisor's feedback on international Masters students' dissertation writing outcomes in the UK. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Jordans, Eveline Hendrika (2022) Transforming cultural norms : the role of women and youth. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Jeidani, Mahmoud (2012) Increasing phonological awareness : a discourse intonation approach. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Jong, Young Ok (2009) An investigation into the benefits of collaborative writing for the development of EFL children’s communication skills : a reflective report of a teacher researcher. Other thesis, University of Warwick.

Kakalic, Yesim (2021) “Why is integration still associated with us?” : a sociolinguistic perspective on social integration of German-Turkish descendants in Germany. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Kedveš, Ana (2019) Representation of a same-sex marriage debate in national and international online media reports : the case of “In the Name of the Family” in Croatia. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

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Khamkhien, Attapol (2018) A corpus-based investigation of macro and micro structures in applied linguistics research articles in the TCI database : descriptive and pedagogic dimensions. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Külekçi, Erkan (2015) ‘Authenticity’ in English language teaching and learning : a case study of four high school classrooms in Turkey. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Khánh, Trẩn Thị Minh (2014) A study of relating between Vietnamese and native English-speaking teachers in team-teaching EFL students at tertiary level in Vietnam. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Kuchah, Kuchah (2013) Context-appropriate ELT pedagogy : an investigation in Cameroonian Primary schools. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Kiai, Alice Wanjira (2012) Biography of an English language textbook in Kenya : a journey from conceptualization to the classroom. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

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Lewis, Rachel F (2017) Constructing and contesting the good British citizen: an investigation of the contemporary citizenship regime as discursive practice. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Lee, Wan-Lun (2010) Integrating literature and cooperative learning with non-English majors : a Taiwanese study. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Li, Ting (2010) A study of metadiscourse in English academic essays : similarities and differences among Chinese undergraduates, 2+2 Chinese undergraduates and English native undergraduates. Other thesis, University of Warwick.

Leon-Hernandez, Jose Luis (2010) Reflective extensive reading in a Mexican university : documenting the effects of a pedagogic intervention. Other thesis, University of Warwick.

Mesinioti, Polina (2021) ‘GET the oxygen get an airway’ : doing leadership in medical emergencies. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Mohd Omar, Nor Azikin (2018) Exploring distributed leadership in decision-making processes. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Manasreh, Mohammad (2018) Improving ELT teacher training practices through planning, design and implementation of an ICT-supported INSET programme : An action research study in Qatar. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Morgan, Neil L. (2012) Home truths from abroad? : a TESOL blueprint for the mediation of L1/L2 language awareness. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Nakayama, Asami (2023) Motivation and identity development through short-term study abroad : a positioning theory analysis. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Ness, Simon (2020) 'We live in constant chaos' : exploring the dynamicity of teaching motivation from a complexity perspective. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Nhung, Nguyen Thi Hong (2019) Teachers’ identity construction: A case study of Vietnamese teachers in communicative English classroom. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Nkateng, Unity (2013) An investigation into written genres used by professional social workers and taught to social work students in Botswana. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Nattheeraphong, Anyarat (2013) Teachers' beliefs about appropriate methodology in Thai Secondary level English education. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Omar, Suhaida (2011) Exploring teachers' cognitions and practices of teaching L2 reading in Malaysia. Other thesis, University of Warwick.

Park, Heeyang (2020) Exploring learning progress and challenges in English decoding skills development in the Korean EYL context : from the perspectives of the children. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Pinner, Richard S. (2017) Social authentication and the synergies between teacher and student motivation : a narrative of teaching at a Japanese university. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Pigott, Julian (2015) English learning as a means of self-fulfilment : a grounded theory of language learning behaviour. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Pino James, Nicolás (2015) Student engagement in modern foreign languages : a pedagogical model. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Payukmag, Wuttiya (2014) The perceived effectiveness of the implementation of task-based language teaching and mediation procedures for the teaching of business presentations at a Thai university. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Puangsuk, Oranuch (2013) Professional development : experiences of English teachers at Primary level in Thailand. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Papaioannou, Vasiliki I. (2008) Teachers’ experiences in a UK international school : the challenges of adaptation. Other thesis, University of Warwick.

Rodríguez Escobar, Claudia (2023) Reflective practice as a dialogical space to understand Chilean novice EFL teachers’ identity construction journey. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Rixon, Shelagh (2011) Beyond ABC : investigating current rationales and systems for the teaching of early reading to young learners of English. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Ramoroka, Boitumelo Tiny (2011) A text and interview based study of interactional metadiscourse in the EAP preparatory course and two undergraduate courses at the University of Botswana. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Sidaway, Kathryn (2023) ‘Maybe I can tell to you my story…’ : language learning motivation, identity and the needs of adult ESOL students in England. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

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Silva-Banks, Sarah (2022) Career focused reflection and personal development in higher education : a longitudinal investigation into internship blog writing. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Schwab, Veit (2017) Discursive borders in EUrope. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

Skuse, George E. (2017) The Talk Skills project : improving dialogic interaction in the Korean adult foreign language classroom. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

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Tsai, Yi-Jen (2011) Success with IELTS : an in-depth investigation of Taiwanese learners' perceptions and strategies in relation to the IELTS test. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.

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Linguistics (by thesis and coursework)

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Corpus linguistic and experimental studies on the meaning-preserving hypothesis in Indonesian voice alternations

One essential feature of voice alternation is that active and passive clauses centred around a given verb express the same meaning: the “meaning-preserving” hypothesis. One effect of the alternation is the different linking of grammatical relations and semantic roles, which affects the identity of the subject. This paper investigates the meaning-preserving hypothesis in voice alternation in Indonesian from a quantitative usage-based perspective by combining corpus-based data with sentence-production experiment data. It analysed Indonesian caused forward/backward motion verbs and the distribution of their (non-)metaphoric senses in active and passive. The findings demonstrate the frequency effects and sense-sensitivity of voice alternation, such that a given voice type of a verb is strongly associated with certain senses. This finding provides initial support for a previous study on voice alternation in an Austronesian language, predicting that the verb’s semantic properties may condition the statistical bias of the verb towards a particular voice. Some convergence between experimental and corpus findings indicates that participants demonstrate some representation of the strong association between a given voice form of the verb and the sense predominantly expressed in that form, highlighting the notion of item-specific representations of linguistic knowledge as found in construction grammar.

1 Introduction

One of the essential features of active (AV) and passive (PASS) voice alternation is that AV and PASS clauses centred around a given verb express the same meaning or sense: see (1) and (2). [1] This is referred to as the “meaning-preserving” hypothesis ( Kroeger 2005 : 271). The effects of voice alternation include the re-alignment of grammatical relations and semantic roles, which affects the identity of the subject, and the demotion of the AV agent in the PASS into an oblique or unexpressed argument ( Kroeger 2004 : 54).

The examples in (1) and (2) describe the causation of an event earlier than scheduled. In (1), the Actor ( Dindik Surabaya ) is the subject (SUBJ) of meN- prefixed AV memajukan while the Undergoer ( jadwal ) is the direct object (OBJ). In (2), the Undergoer is the SUBJ of di- prefixed PASS dimajukan (with an unexpressed Actor).

This paper investigates the meaning-preserving hypothesis in voice alternation from a quantitative usage-based perspective in the context of two strands of research. The first follows research traditions on voice alternation in Austronesian (AN) languages, including Indonesian, from the perspective of quantitative discourse ( Sections 2 and 3 ). Second, the growing interest within usage-based construction grammar (CxG; Goldberg 2006 ) in the association between (non-)metaphoric senses and grammatical constructions ( Sullivan 2013 ), such as word class, inflection, syntactic patterning ( Deignan 2006 ), and aspectual prefixation ( Sokolova 2013 ). We investigate Indonesian caused forward/backward motion verbs and the distribution of their (non-)metaphoric senses in AV and PASS ( Sections 3 and 4 ). Section 4 elucidates our approach to combining corpus and experimental data as a methodological paradigm in cognitive linguistics and CxG ( Gries 2013 ). After presenting the quantitative analyses in Section 5 , Section 6 discusses the implications for (a) the frequency effect and sense-sensitivity of the meaning-preserving hypothesis in voice alternation ( Section 6.1 ); and (b) the item-specific representation of linguistic knowledge in usage-based CxG ( Section 6.2 ).

2 Overview of research on voice in Austronesian languages

Typological research on AN languages has demonstrated that AN possess a richer voice opposition than simply AV versus PASS as in English ( Arka and Ross 2005 ; Himmelmann 2005 ). Besides the morphological voice alternation seen in (1) and (2), Indonesian exhibits so-called Undergoer voice (UV), exemplified in (3), where the verb is unmarked morphologically.

UV is like PASS, in that the Undergoer ( perayaan ‘celebration’) is the SUBJ, but, unlike in PASS, the Actor ( kita ‘inclusive we’) is still a core argument. UV is syntactically transitive and is an example of a symmetrical voice system ( Arka 2003 ; Foley 1998 ; Himmelmann 2005 ; Riesberg 2014 ). Given the very low frequency of UV in our corpus compared to AV meN- and PASS di- , we excluded UV from analysis, but acknowledge its significance in AN voice systems. Note that the unmarked verb can also occur in AV (with the Actor as SUBJ), as seen in (4), especially in “spoken colloquial Indonesian” ( Riesberg 2014 : 12).

Another central issue is AN’s typological alignments (e.g. ergative or nominative), which have been subject to corpus-based studies within Hopper and Thompson’s (1980) framework. For Indonesian, Wouk (1996) analysed 88 clauses from a narrative corpus of Spoken Jakarta Indonesian to investigate voice selections (i.e. Patient-trigger and Actor-trigger) and test the discourse-ergative status of Spoken Jakarta Indonesian. Wouk (1996) shows that Patient-trigger is significantly associated with higher transitivity than Active-trigger, and also with greater individuation of OBJ.

This paper takes a different spin on Wouk’s (1996) finding that AV and PASS have different distributions in discourse. We investigate the association between (non-)metaphoric senses of verbs and their expression in voice morphology. This aim relates to McDonnell’s (2016) collostructional analysis ( Gries and Stefanowitsch 2004 ) of the AN language Besemah, [2] where a verbal root demonstrates a statistical preference for a particular voice (see Gries and Stefanowitsch [2004] for similar findings in English). McDonnell (2016 : 250) hypothesizes that the semantic properties of the root may condition voice selection. Given the meaning-preserving hypothesis, the null hypothesis would be that all potential senses of a verbal base should be equal in terms of the frequency with which they are expressed in AV and PASS. The alternative hypothesis could build on McDonnell’s assumption that a given sense (i.e. semantic property) of a verb would be (dis)preferred in a certain voice. Categorically, the meaning-preserving hypothesis would predict that all senses of a verb can alternate, but it would not predict the preference and entrenchment of a particular sense in a given voice, which is central to the usage-based model of language ( Diessel and Hilpert 2016 ; Langacker 1988 ).

4 Data and methodology

This study combined corpus data with sentence-production experimental data ( Dąbrowska 2009 ; Newman and Sorenson Duncan 2019 ). The corpus (53,734,159 tokens; see Table 1 ) comes from the Indonesian corpus of the Leipzig Corpora Collection ( Goldhahn et al. 2012 ) and consists of shuffled sentences from online news.

The names and sizes of the files that make up the corpus.

We studied transitive caused forward and backward motion verbs based on the following intransitive bases: aju , [3] maju , undur , and mundur . Aju appears to be a reflex of an old AN form *-atu ‘forward, onward; towards the hearer’ ( Blust and Trussel 2010 ) [4] and retains its derivation as maju in present-day Indonesian [5] with the reflex of the archaic AN middle/stative prefix *m(a)-. [6] The base undur ‘to move backward’ is listed as an intransitive verb in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (2016; KBBI). It relates to mundur , which retains the AN middle prefix *m(a)- and the semantics of the old AN form *undur ‘retreat, fall back’ ( Blust and Trussel 2010 ). [7] Undur can occur in transitive constructions with or without the causative suffix - kan , while the other bases need - kan to appear in order to evoke meanings related to caused motion. These suffixed bases can take meN- for AV, di- for PASS, or remain unprefixed for UV constructions ( Table 2 ).

Number of occurrences of the bases in their specific voice morphologies in the corpus.

Table 2 reveals that a given base occurs more frequently in certain morphological patterns than others. We analysed a random sample of 100 concordances for each combination of base and prefix or no prefix, giving a maximum of 300 examples for each base. Wouk (1996 : 371) excluded the unprefixed bases since their AV and PASS statuses are difficult to determine morphologically. Our study also found unclear cases of unprefixed bases, but their UV versus AV occurrences can be inferred from word order when the Actor and Undergoer are overt: UV is identifiable when the Undergoer precedes the Actor, which in turn precedes the unprefixed verb, as seen in (3).

The experimental data was gathered using an online questionnaire distributed to 231 undergraduate students in the English departments at Udayana University and Mahasaraswati University in Indonesia, in exchange for course credit. All participants speak Indonesian. The participants were prompted to produce a sentence using the target verbs interspersed randomly within other filler words (total 34 words, including the target verbs); we asked participants for sentences containing the base (e.g. majukan ), AV (e.g. memajukan ), and PASS (e.g. dimajukan ) forms. Participants did not know our target verbs nor the aim of the questionnaire beyond the need to produce sentences. Each word had its own page, and participants pressed “Next” to move to the next word. The questionnaire was closed on the third day after being distributed. We received responses from 118 participants (74.58% female and 24.58% male; one provided no gender), allowing us to retrieve at least 100 random samples for each target verb before discarding irrelevant responses (e.g. if participants responded with a different verb).

To analyse the (non-)metaphoric senses of the verbs, we adopted insights from Conceptual Metaphor Theory ( Lakoff and Johnson 1980 ), viewing metaphor as understanding an abstract domain in terms of a concrete domain. For instance, an abstract domain pleasure can be construed as a deceiver as in tergiur oleh kesenangan ‘ lured by pleasure’ and kesenangan yang menipu ‘ deceiving pleasure’ ( Rajeg 2019 : 189–191). We coded usages of the verbs as non-metaphoric if their truth condition referred to the physical motion of a concrete entity; otherwise, they were coded as metaphoric ( Stefanowitsch and Goschler 2009 : 170–171).

Sentence (5) describes a car’s actual change of location; the car must have moved from its origin so that (5) can be true. Sentence (6), however, describes a non-actual motion: advancing the state of the OBJ pendidikan . For (6) to be true, the OBJ does not have to change location. Thus, (5) was literal while (6) was metaphoric: sentence (6) is metaphoric since pendidikan ‘education’ cannot undergo physical motion, given the basic sense of memajukan , whereas (5) indicates a physical change in the car’s location. These examples illustrate that (non-)metaphoric verb usage can be inferred from its argument’s referent, but by no means do they indicate that metaphoric meaning is always clear-cut.

We then compared and tested the frequencies of (non-)metaphoric senses in AV and PASS ( Levshina 2015 : Ch. 9) for statistical significance using a chi-square test, or Fisher’s exact test when the distributional assumptions for a chi-square test were not met ( Levshina 2015 : 213–214). For the data and R scripts for the quantitative analyses, see the supplementary materials in Rajeg et al. (2021) .

5.1 Analysis for majukan , memajukan , and dimajukan

In the corpus data, there are 48 tokens of unprefixed majukan (after removing nine duplicates and typos): 8.33% ( N  = 4) occur in UV, and the rest are the unprefixed AV, which we excluded following Wouk (1996) .

Figure 1 shows that UV is the least frequent voice in which majukan is found, compared to AV and PASS. No literal sense was found in the sample for AV memajukan , however one token was identified in the sample for PASS dimajukan ; for this reason, we excluded the literal sense in the corpus analysis. Figure 2 visualizes the distribution of senses for memajukan and dimajukan .

Distribution of majukan across voice (corpus data).

Senses of majukan across voice (corpus data).

Figure 2 demonstrates a highly significant distribution and robust effect size (see the Cramér’s V values [8] ). The ‘advancing’ sense, as seen in (6), occurs more frequently in AV than PASS. The temporal ‘cause to happen earlier’ sense, exemplified in (2) and (1), is more predominant in PASS than AV. The ‘proposing’ sense, shown in (7), is also higher in PASS.

The association plot ( Figure 3 ) shows these asymmetries more intuitively. The bluish bars rising above the line indicate a positive deviation from chance distribution, while the reddish bars falling below the line indicate a negative deviation. The luminosity signals association strength: the darker, the stronger ( Levshina 2015 : 220). Thus, ‘advancing’ strongly prefers AV; ‘cause to happen earlier’ and ‘proposing’ strongly prefer PASS.

Association plot for majukan (corpus data).

Figure 4 displays the sentence-production data and reveals converging results, especially for ‘advancing’ and temporal senses. Participants did not produce sentences expressing ‘proposing’, parallel to (7). As in the corpus study, we compared the prefixed AV and PASS verbs, but included production data with literal senses. ‘Advancing’ and temporal senses are strongly associated with AV and PASS respectively, as in the corpus data: ‘advancing’ occurs significantly more often in AV but is dispreferred in PASS over ‘cause to happen earlier’. The literal sense of ‘caused forward motion’ is more frequent in PASS. The magnitude of these effects is strong (Cramér’s V =  0.872).

Senses of majukan across voice (sentence-production data).

Figure 5 accentuates this correlation, mirroring the corpus results for ‘advancing’ and temporal senses ( Figure 3 ). Participants appear to store detailed semantic preferences for majukan in AV and PASS.

Association plot for majukan (sentence-production data).

5.2 Analysis for mundurkan , memundurkan , and dimundurkan

In the corpus data, the unprefixed mundurkan ‘cause to move something backward’ occurs in seven tokens (excluding duplicates) with only one in UV and the remaining in AV; they are excluded from the analysis. Figure 6 visualizes the distribution of senses for AV memundurkan and PASS dimundurkan .

Senses of mundurkan across voice (corpus data).

The ‘postpone’ sense, as seen in (8), has nearly equal distribution in AV (64.7%; N  = 33) and PASS (66.7%; N  = 22). The literal sense ( N  = 16), exemplified in (5), appears more frequently in AV, while the sense ‘withdraw someone from a (structural) position; cause someone to step down’ ( N  = 10), shown in (9), is lower in AV (7.84%; N  = 4) than in PASS (18.2%; N  = 6). An additional sense that was attested relates to ‘retreat/change one’s mind’; see example (10).

The distributional asymmetry of these senses across voice is small and not statistically significant. This is depicted visually in Figure 7 via the grey shading, and highlights the meaning-preserving trait of mundurkan across voice types.

Association plot for mundurkan (corpus data).

By way of contrast, the sentence-production data ( Figure 8 ) shows a highly significant distribution with only a moderate effect. What stands out from Figure 8 is that the literal sense is more frequent in AV than in PASS, whereas ‘postpone’ is more frequent in PASS than in AV. These asymmetries represent strong deviations from the expected frequencies ( Figure 9 ). This suggests that participants more strongly represent the literal sense in AV and ‘postpone’ in PASS, while the genre of the corpus data may have augmented the prominence of ‘postpone’ over the literal sense in AV ( Figure 6 ). The sentence-production data reveals another sense that is absent in the corpus, namely ‘deteriorate’ (e.g. memundurkan kualitas/kesejahteraan/perekonomian ‘ move back / deteriorate the quality/prosperity/economy’). So far, the results for mundurkan (this section) and majukan ( Section 5.1 ) suggest the sense-sensitivity of voice alternation, where each sense is associated with a different voice (see Bernolet and Colleman [2016] for similar evidence in Dutch dative alternation).

Senses of mundurkan across voice (sentence-production data).

Association plot for mundurkan (sentence-production data).

5.3 Analysis for ajukan , mengajukan , and diajukan

All nine tokens for the root aju found in the corpus data function as modifiers meaning ‘advanced’ (e.g. tim aju ‘ advanced team’). The AV mengaju is also attested, but we are treating those examples as mistakes, as the appropriate words in the examples where it is used would be mengaku ‘to admit something’ and mengacu ‘to refer to’. The PASS diaju is absent in the corpus. These AV and PASS forms are also absent from the KBBI entry.

The verbal form for aju is conventionally suffixed with - kan, and this base ajukan is attested in 763 tokens in the corpus; the number of UV tokens is significantly lower than the number of tokens of AV meN- and PASS di- ( Figure 10 ).

Distribution of ajukan across voice (corpus data).

The most frequent use of ajukan in KBBI is metaphoric, ‘to propose/put forward an idea/argument/refutation/candidate’, while the second sense is physical, ‘to bring to the front’. All tokens for ajukan in AV and PASS in the corpus convey ‘proposing’, as seen in (4) ( X 2 goodness-of-fit  = 0.005; df  = 1; p two-tailed  = 0.943). The same is true for the sentence-production data ( X 2 goodness-of-fit  = 0.0497; df  = 1; p two-tailed  = 0.824). This indicates that ajukan is meaning preserving across voice types.

5.4 Analysis for undur , undurkan , mengundurkan , and diundurkan

Figure 11 shows the distributional asymmetry of the bases undur and undurkan across voice types. The AV mengundurkan is much more frequent than the AV mengundur . In contrast, the PASS diundur is much more frequent than the PASS diundurkan . The UV form, only attested with undur , is significantly lower than expected compared to AV and PASS with undur ( X 2 goodness-of-fit  = 121.29; df  = 2; p two-tailed  < 0.001).

Distribution of undur and undurkan across voice (corpus data).

5.4.1 Undur

The AV mengundur ( N  = 24) and PASS diundur ( N  = 99) both express a meaning of ‘postpone’. Undur in AV and PASS is thus categorically meaning preserving, though the ‘postpone’ sense is significantly higher in PASS than AV ( X 2 goodness-of-fit  = 45.73; df  = 1; p two-tailed  < 0.001) due to a higher token count for PASS than AV ( Figure 11 ). Similarly, all transitive tokens of AV mengundur ( N  = 74) and PASS diundur ( N  = 91) in the sentence-production data convey ‘postpone’ without significant differences in voice type ( X 2 goodness-of-fit  = 1.75; df  = 1; p two-tailed  = 0.186) and hence are meaning preserving.

5.4.2 Undurkan

Unlike undur , the suffixed form undurkan predominantly expresses ‘cause to step down/resign’ (88.29%; N  = 98) rather than ‘postpone’ (11.71%; N  = 13). No literal sense is attested in the corpus. Figure 12 shows the distributional asymmetry of these senses across voice types.

Senses of undurkan across voice (corpus data).

The strong effects include the preference for ‘postpone’ in PASS and its dissociation with AV, and the dispreference for ‘step down’ in PASS ( Figure 13 ). The high frequency of ‘step down’ in AV is due to the fixed verb phrase mengundurkan diri ‘to cause oneself to step back; resign’; its PASS equivalent is unattested.

Association plot for undurkan (corpus data).

The uneven distribution of senses across voice in the sentence-elicitation data ( Figure 14 ) is also significant. The association plot ( Figure 15 ) demonstrates that ‘postpone’ is strongly preferred in PASS while ‘cause to step down/resign’ is preferred in AV (again due to the fixed phrase mengundurkan diri ). As in the corpus sample, no literal, physical meaning is produced by the participants for undurkan .

Senses of undurkan across voice (sentence-production data).

Association plot for undurkan (sentence-production data).

The analyses of majukan , mundurkan , and undur ( kan ) in AV and PASS reveal some parallelism in their senses. The opposing temporal senses (i.e. ‘happen earlier’ vs. ‘postpone’) demonstrate an affinity to PASS voice types in nearly all verbs studied ( Table 3 ).

Parallelism across words for the interconnection of PASS and temporal meanings. “PASS > AV” indicates that the observed frequency of that sense is greater than expected in PASS compared to AV.

6 Discussion

6.1 meaning-preserving hypothesis and voice alternation.

This study highlights the dynamics of the meaning-preserving hypothesis for voice alternation in Indonesian. Quantitative analyses revealed a statistical tendency for a given sense to be associated with a particular voice morphology. This tendency indicates that a verb’s propensity to convey a particular sense involves distinct (morphological) constructions ( Deignan 2006 ; Sokolova 2013 ), and is not only due to the semantics of its nominal collocates.

We have demonstrated that certain senses exhibit strong associations with certain voice forms, both in the corpus data and in the sentence-production data (e.g. a relatively strong correlation between temporal meanings and PASS di- compared to AV meN- ; see Table 3 ). These findings provide initial support for McDonnell’s (2016) proposal ( Section 3 ) that the statistical verb bias for a voice type could be driven by the verb’s semantic property. Our findings further support previous studies that have shown how syntactic alternations, such as the Dutch dative alternation and the Russian locative alternation, are sensitive to both verb senses ( Bernolet and Colleman 2016 ), and the interaction between metaphor and constructions ( Sokolova 2013 ). We have revealed that sense-sensitivity exists in Indonesian morphological voice alternation and argued that such alternations should be relativized to verb senses. Our results converge with recent work on the Indonesian hitting verb kena ‘be hit’; one of the senses of this verb is directly constructed in PASS without corpus evidence for the same sense in AV ( Rajeg et al. 2020 ). This result corroborates the idea that PASS can have distinct semantic constraints from AV ( Hilpert 2014 : 41). More broadly, our study offers a new perspective into voice alternation in AN.

6.2 Usage-based construction grammar: implication and explanation

Our findings contribute to, and can be naturally explained within, the tenets of usage-based CxG ( Diessel 2015 ; Goldberg 2006 ; Hilpert 2014 ). The first tenet is that frequency effects may impact the cognitive representation of linguistic knowledge ( Diessel 2016 ; Diessel and Hilpert 2016 ; Hilpert and Diessel 2016 ). Frequent co-occurrence of a particular form with a particular meaning drives the automatization and conventionalization of that form-meaning pairing in production and processing ( Diessel and Hilpert 2016 ). Some converging findings between our experimental and corpus data indicate that participants demonstrate some representation of the strong association between a given voice form of the verbs and the sense predominantly expressed in that form (e.g. frequent co-occurrences of PASS dimundurkan ‘cause to move back’ with time/event nouns to express ‘postpone’). This reflects the view that participants’ knowledge of the semantic preference of these verbs in a given voice is grounded in their frequent exposure to concrete usages of these verbs ( Dąbrowska 2009 ). Such high token co-occurrence frequencies of the verbs in certain contexts lead to their “automatization” ( Diessel 2016 : 226), building associative links between the verbs’ voice form and the sense expressed. Statistical tendencies, as employed in this paper, provides one measure for the strength of the associative links ( Diessel 2016 : 226–229).

The second tenet of usage-based CxG is the idea that grammar consists of “a unified repository of form-meaning pairings”, that is, constructions ( Hilpert and Diessel 2016 : 58). These encompass not only abstract grammatical constructions but also concrete tokens of linguistic units (e.g. specific collocations, partially schematic multi-word expressions), including their frequencies ( Goldberg 2006 : 45). Constructions form hierarchical networks and are connected through different links (e.g. inheritance, polysemy, and subpart links; Hilpert and Diessel 2016 ). In usage-based CxG, we can investigate usage patterns of specific verbs and not just abstract grammatical constructions ( Goldberg 2006 : 45).

Converging evidence from our corpus and experimental data suggests that participants retain item-specific knowledge of the verbs ( Goldberg 2006 : 49, 56; Hilpert 2014 : 66), particularly the semantic bias of a verb in one voice construction over the other, given that AV and PASS are available for the senses. A previous study on English eat and drink verbs ( Newman and Rice 2006 ) showed that even different inflections of these verbs have different co-occurrence behaviours. Evidence for such item-specific knowledge also comes from studies on child language acquisition ( Tomasello 2000 , 2003 ). The conventionality of the expression of a certain sense in a certain voice could not be predicted by the meaning-preserving hypothesis, since the hypothesis implicitly assumes an equal status for the senses to be expressed in all voice types, while specific usage patterns of the verbs reveal distributional asymmetries. The conventional usage of specific verbs must be accounted for as part of speakers’ linguistic repertoire and not only the abstract patterns ( Goldberg 2006 : 56).

The hierarchical network model of linguistic knowledge ( Hilpert 2014 : 57–67) and the role of frequency effects in usage-based CxG, including construction morphology (CxM; Booij 2010 ), can handle the fact that voice alternation is more than simply a re-alignment of syntactic function and semantic role. In CxM, morphologically complex words are viewed as morphological constructions ( Booij 2010 : 17), having holistic morphosyntactic, morphosemantic, and usage properties ( Hilpert 2014 : 80). Specific AV and PASS prefixed forms (e.g. memajukan and dimundurkan ) are still connected to their constructional schemas, namely meN -x- kan and di -x- kan (where “x” is the base). These schemas emerge as generalizations over concrete tokens of complex words with the same patterns (e.g. memundurkan , dimundurkan , mengajukan , diajukan ; Booij 2010 ). The predictable properties inherited from these schemas by the specific words are the schematic meaning of the voice prefixes meN- and di- and the suffix -kan . The network model in CxG and CxM allows specific words to have their idiosyncrasy (e.g. semantic preference and frequency) that may not be fully predicted by, but is still connected to, the schema ( Hilpert 2014 : 80).

The -kan suffix, when unified with an intransitive base maju ‘move forward’, contributes its causative meaning, Actor/Causer role, and transitive argument-structure to majukan ‘to cause to move forward’; the intransitive SUBJ fuses with the OBJ role of - kan ( Arka 1993 ). The unification of the prefix meN- with transitive majukan accentuates that its SUBJ is the Causer/Actor irrespective of the words specifying this slot, while di- specifies that the SUBJ is the Undergoer ( Arka and Manning 2008 ; Gil 2002 ). The strong association between the complex AV verb memajukan and ‘advancing’ or between PASS dimajukan and temporal meaning, for instance, is not predicted by only knowing the semantics of those morphological formatives, but also via recurrent collocational patterns of these verbs with certain types of OBJ. The specific verbs also inherit a prominence effect depending on the AV SUBJ and PASS SUBJ. Given the temporal and ‘advancing’ senses of majukan , for instance, it could be that in the former it is the event or time argument that is considered to be more profiled ( Maldonado 2007 : 833), rather than the Actor advancing the schedule; hence its SUBJ status and the preference for PASS . For the ‘advancing’ sense, the active nature of such an event may need to be highlighted, hence its preference for AV. Despite such analyses, general semantic or grammatical rules cannot predict the co-occurrence patterns of (non-)metaphoric senses and the voice construction of verbs ( Diessel 2016 : 213). Why is the temporal sense not preferred in AV memajukan over PASS dimajukan , or vice versa for ‘advancing’, given that the time/event and abstract/institution arguments have the same opportunity to be more prominent? Sentence-production data suggests that speakers may have encountered the temporal sense more frequently in PASS than AV, and such frequency effects are attested in the corpus sample (cf. Diessel 2016 : 213).

–  (Non-)metaphoric senses of some verbs interact with the voice construction in which the verb occurs (e.g. temporal is strongly associated with PASS). This demonstrates that the meaning-preserving hypothesis is more nuanced and should be probabilistically relativized to verbs senses.

–  Corpus findings on voice-sense interactions converge to a large extent with the experimental data, suggesting the strong representation of such item-specific, form-meaning pairings as part of speakers’ linguistic knowledge.

More generally, this study touches on a central question in linguistics regarding the relation between form (e.g. voice morphologies of a verb) and meaning (e.g. the senses associated with those forms; Janda 2016 ).

Acknowledgements

We sincerely thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive feedback that significantly improved the paper. We are grateful to the English Department students (classes of 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020) at Udayana University and Mahasaraswati University for participating in the sentence-production experiment. For discussion and comments, we thank Alice Gaby, Poppy Siahaan, Karlina Denistia, Prihantoro, and participants at the UCREL Corpus Research Seminar series. We also thank John Newman for introducing the sentence-production experiment to us, and Charbel El-Khaissi for proofreading the paper. Finally, we are truly grateful for the waiver scheme granted by De Gruyter to publish the paper open access.

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