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International Baccalaureate (IB)

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IB students around the globe fear writing the Extended Essay, but it doesn't have to be a source of stress! In this article, I'll get you excited about writing your Extended Essay and provide you with the resources you need to get an A on it.

If you're reading this article, I'm going to assume you're an IB student getting ready to write your Extended Essay. If you're looking at this as a potential future IB student, I recommend reading our introductory IB articles first, including our guide to what the IB program is and our full coverage of the IB curriculum .

IB Extended Essay: Why Should You Trust My Advice?

I myself am a recipient of an IB Diploma, and I happened to receive an A on my IB Extended Essay. Don't believe me? The proof is in the IBO pudding:

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If you're confused by what this report means, EE is short for Extended Essay , and English A1 is the subject that my Extended Essay topic coordinated with. In layman's terms, my IB Diploma was graded in May 2010, I wrote my Extended Essay in the English A1 category, and I received an A grade on it.

What Is the Extended Essay in the IB Diploma Programme?

The IB Extended Essay, or EE , is a mini-thesis you write under the supervision of an IB advisor (an IB teacher at your school), which counts toward your IB Diploma (learn more about the major IB Diploma requirements in our guide) . I will explain exactly how the EE affects your Diploma later in this article.

For the Extended Essay, you will choose a research question as a topic, conduct the research independently, then write an essay on your findings . The essay itself is a long one—although there's a cap of 4,000 words, most successful essays get very close to this limit.

Keep in mind that the IB requires this essay to be a "formal piece of academic writing," meaning you'll have to do outside research and cite additional sources.

The IB Extended Essay must include the following:

  • A title page
  • Contents page
  • Introduction
  • Body of the essay
  • References and bibliography

Additionally, your research topic must fall into one of the six approved DP categories , or IB subject groups, which are as follows:

  • Group 1: Studies in Language and Literature
  • Group 2: Language Acquisition
  • Group 3: Individuals and Societies
  • Group 4: Sciences
  • Group 5: Mathematics
  • Group 6: The Arts

Once you figure out your category and have identified a potential research topic, it's time to pick your advisor, who is normally an IB teacher at your school (though you can also find one online ). This person will help direct your research, and they'll conduct the reflection sessions you'll have to do as part of your Extended Essay.

As of 2018, the IB requires a "reflection process" as part of your EE supervision process. To fulfill this requirement, you have to meet at least three times with your supervisor in what the IB calls "reflection sessions." These meetings are not only mandatory but are also part of the formal assessment of the EE and your research methods.

According to the IB, the purpose of these meetings is to "provide an opportunity for students to reflect on their engagement with the research process." Basically, these meetings give your supervisor the opportunity to offer feedback, push you to think differently, and encourage you to evaluate your research process.

The final reflection session is called the viva voce, and it's a short 10- to 15-minute interview between you and your advisor. This happens at the very end of the EE process, and it's designed to help your advisor write their report, which factors into your EE grade.

Here are the topics covered in your viva voce :

  • A check on plagiarism and malpractice
  • Your reflection on your project's successes and difficulties
  • Your reflection on what you've learned during the EE process

Your completed Extended Essay, along with your supervisor's report, will then be sent to the IB to be graded. We'll cover the assessment criteria in just a moment.

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We'll help you learn how to have those "lightbulb" moments...even on test day!  

What Should You Write About in Your IB Extended Essay?

You can technically write about anything, so long as it falls within one of the approved categories listed above.

It's best to choose a topic that matches one of the IB courses , (such as Theatre, Film, Spanish, French, Math, Biology, etc.), which shouldn't be difficult because there are so many class subjects.

Here is a range of sample topics with the attached extended essay:

  • Biology: The Effect of Age and Gender on the Photoreceptor Cells in the Human Retina
  • Chemistry: How Does Reflux Time Affect the Yield and Purity of Ethyl Aminobenzoate (Benzocaine), and How Effective is Recrystallisation as a Purification Technique for This Compound?
  • English: An Exploration of Jane Austen's Use of the Outdoors in Emma
  • Geography: The Effect of Location on the Educational Attainment of Indigenous Secondary Students in Queensland, Australia
  • Math: Alhazen's Billiard Problem
  • Visual Arts: Can Luc Tuymans Be Classified as a Political Painter?

You can see from how varied the topics are that you have a lot of freedom when it comes to picking a topic . So how do you pick when the options are limitless?

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How to Write a Stellar IB Extended Essay: 6 Essential Tips

Below are six key tips to keep in mind as you work on your Extended Essay for the IB DP. Follow these and you're sure to get an A!

#1: Write About Something You Enjoy

You can't expect to write a compelling essay if you're not a fan of the topic on which you're writing. For example, I just love British theatre and ended up writing my Extended Essay on a revolution in post-WWII British theatre. (Yes, I'm definitely a #TheatreNerd.)

I really encourage anyone who pursues an IB Diploma to take the Extended Essay seriously. I was fortunate enough to receive a full-tuition merit scholarship to USC's School of Dramatic Arts program. In my interview for the scholarship, I spoke passionately about my Extended Essay; thus, I genuinely think my Extended Essay helped me get my scholarship.

But how do you find a topic you're passionate about? Start by thinking about which classes you enjoy the most and why . Do you like math classes because you like to solve problems? Or do you enjoy English because you like to analyze literary texts?

Keep in mind that there's no right or wrong answer when it comes to choosing your Extended Essay topic. You're not more likely to get high marks because you're writing about science, just like you're not doomed to failure because you've chosen to tackle the social sciences. The quality of what you produce—not the field you choose to research within—will determine your grade.

Once you've figured out your category, you should brainstorm more specific topics by putting pen to paper . What was your favorite chapter you learned in that class? Was it astrophysics or mechanics? What did you like about that specific chapter? Is there something you want to learn more about? I recommend spending a few hours on this type of brainstorming.

One last note: if you're truly stumped on what to research, pick a topic that will help you in your future major or career . That way you can use your Extended Essay as a talking point in your college essays (and it will prepare you for your studies to come too!).

#2: Select a Topic That Is Neither Too Broad nor Too Narrow

There's a fine line between broad and narrow. You need to write about something specific, but not so specific that you can't write 4,000 words on it.

You can't write about WWII because that would be a book's worth of material. You also don't want to write about what type of soup prisoners of war received behind enemy lines, because you probably won’t be able to come up with 4,000 words of material about it. However, you could possibly write about how the conditions in German POW camps—and the rations provided—were directly affected by the Nazis' successes and failures on the front, including the use of captured factories and prison labor in Eastern Europe to increase production. WWII military history might be a little overdone, but you get my point.

If you're really stuck trying to pinpoint a not-too-broad-or-too-narrow topic, I suggest trying to brainstorm a topic that uses a comparison. Once you begin looking through the list of sample essays below, you'll notice that many use comparisons to formulate their main arguments.

I also used a comparison in my EE, contrasting Harold Pinter's Party Time with John Osborne's Look Back in Anger in order to show a transition in British theatre. Topics with comparisons of two to three plays, books, and so on tend to be the sweet spot. You can analyze each item and then compare them with one another after doing some in-depth analysis of each individually. The ways these items compare and contrast will end up forming the thesis of your essay!

When choosing a comparative topic, the key is that the comparison should be significant. I compared two plays to illustrate the transition in British theatre, but you could compare the ways different regional dialects affect people's job prospects or how different temperatures may or may not affect the mating patterns of lightning bugs. The point here is that comparisons not only help you limit your topic, but they also help you build your argument.

Comparisons are not the only way to get a grade-A EE, though. If after brainstorming, you pick a non-comparison-based topic and are still unsure whether your topic is too broad or narrow, spend about 30 minutes doing some basic research and see how much material is out there.

If there are more than 1,000 books, articles, or documentaries out there on that exact topic, it may be too broad. But if there are only two books that have any connection to your topic, it may be too narrow. If you're still unsure, ask your advisor—it's what they're there for! Speaking of advisors...

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Don't get stuck with a narrow topic!

#3: Choose an Advisor Who Is Familiar With Your Topic

If you're not certain of who you would like to be your advisor, create a list of your top three choices. Next, write down the pros and cons of each possibility (I know this sounds tedious, but it really helps!).

For example, Mr. Green is my favorite teacher and we get along really well, but he teaches English. For my EE, I want to conduct an experiment that compares the efficiency of American electric cars with foreign electric cars.

I had Ms. White a year ago. She teaches physics and enjoyed having me in her class. Unlike Mr. Green, Ms. White could help me design my experiment.

Based on my topic and what I need from my advisor, Ms. White would be a better fit for me than would Mr. Green (even though I like him a lot).

The moral of my story is this: do not just ask your favorite teacher to be your advisor . They might be a hindrance to you if they teach another subject. For example, I would not recommend asking your biology teacher to guide you in writing an English literature-based EE.

There can, of course, be exceptions to this rule. If you have a teacher who's passionate and knowledgeable about your topic (as my English teacher was about my theatre topic), you could ask that instructor. Consider all your options before you do this. There was no theatre teacher at my high school, so I couldn't find a theatre-specific advisor, but I chose the next best thing.

Before you approach a teacher to serve as your advisor, check with your high school to see what requirements they have for this process. Some IB high schools require your IB Extended Essay advisor to sign an Agreement Form , for instance.

Make sure that you ask your IB coordinator whether there is any required paperwork to fill out. If your school needs a specific form signed, bring it with you when you ask your teacher to be your EE advisor.

#4: Pick an Advisor Who Will Push You to Be Your Best

Some teachers might just take on students because they have to and aren't very passionate about reading drafts, only giving you minimal feedback. Choose a teacher who will take the time to read several drafts of your essay and give you extensive notes. I would not have gotten my A without being pushed to make my Extended Essay draft better.

Ask a teacher that you have experience with through class or an extracurricular activity. Do not ask a teacher that you have absolutely no connection to. If a teacher already knows you, that means they already know your strengths and weaknesses, so they know what to look for, where you need to improve, and how to encourage your best work.

Also, don't forget that your supervisor's assessment is part of your overall EE score . If you're meeting with someone who pushes you to do better—and you actually take their advice—they'll have more impressive things to say about you than a supervisor who doesn't know you well and isn't heavily involved in your research process.

Be aware that the IB only allows advisors to make suggestions and give constructive criticism. Your teacher cannot actually help you write your EE. The IB recommends that the supervisor spends approximately two to three hours in total with the candidate discussing the EE.

#5: Make Sure Your Essay Has a Clear Structure and Flow

The IB likes structure. Your EE needs a clear introduction (which should be one to two double-spaced pages), research question/focus (i.e., what you're investigating), a body, and a conclusion (about one double-spaced page). An essay with unclear organization will be graded poorly.

The body of your EE should make up the bulk of the essay. It should be about eight to 18 pages long (again, depending on your topic). Your body can be split into multiple parts. For example, if you were doing a comparison, you might have one third of your body as Novel A Analysis, another third as Novel B Analysis, and the final third as your comparison of Novels A and B.

If you're conducting an experiment or analyzing data, such as in this EE , your EE body should have a clear structure that aligns with the scientific method ; you should state the research question, discuss your method, present the data, analyze the data, explain any uncertainties, and draw a conclusion and/or evaluate the success of the experiment.

#6: Start Writing Sooner Rather Than Later!

You will not be able to crank out a 4,000-word essay in just a week and get an A on it. You'll be reading many, many articles (and, depending on your topic, possibly books and plays as well!). As such, it's imperative that you start your research as soon as possible.

Each school has a slightly different deadline for the Extended Essay. Some schools want them as soon as November of your senior year; others will take them as late as February. Your school will tell you what your deadline is. If they haven't mentioned it by February of your junior year, ask your IB coordinator about it.

Some high schools will provide you with a timeline of when you need to come up with a topic, when you need to meet with your advisor, and when certain drafts are due. Not all schools do this. Ask your IB coordinator if you are unsure whether you are on a specific timeline.

Below is my recommended EE timeline. While it's earlier than most schools, it'll save you a ton of heartache (trust me, I remember how hard this process was!):

  • January/February of Junior Year: Come up with your final research topic (or at least your top three options).
  • February of Junior Year: Approach a teacher about being your EE advisor. If they decline, keep asking others until you find one. See my notes above on how to pick an EE advisor.
  • April/May of Junior Year: Submit an outline of your EE and a bibliography of potential research sources (I recommend at least seven to 10) to your EE advisor. Meet with your EE advisor to discuss your outline.
  • Summer Between Junior and Senior Year: Complete your first full draft over the summer between your junior and senior year. I know, I know—no one wants to work during the summer, but trust me—this will save you so much stress come fall when you are busy with college applications and other internal assessments for your IB classes. You will want to have this first full draft done because you will want to complete a couple of draft cycles as you likely won't be able to get everything you want to say into 4,000 articulate words on the first attempt. Try to get this first draft into the best possible shape so you don't have to work on too many revisions during the school year on top of your homework, college applications, and extracurriculars.
  • August/September of Senior Year: Turn in your first draft of your EE to your advisor and receive feedback. Work on incorporating their feedback into your essay. If they have a lot of suggestions for improvement, ask if they will read one more draft before the final draft.
  • September/October of Senior Year: Submit the second draft of your EE to your advisor (if necessary) and look at their feedback. Work on creating the best possible final draft.
  • November-February of Senior Year: Schedule your viva voce. Submit two copies of your final draft to your school to be sent off to the IB. You likely will not get your grade until after you graduate.

Remember that in the middle of these milestones, you'll need to schedule two other reflection sessions with your advisor . (Your teachers will actually take notes on these sessions on a form like this one , which then gets submitted to the IB.)

I recommend doing them when you get feedback on your drafts, but these meetings will ultimately be up to your supervisor. Just don't forget to do them!

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The early bird DOES get the worm!

How Is the IB Extended Essay Graded?

Extended Essays are graded by examiners appointed by the IB on a scale of 0 to 34 . You'll be graded on five criteria, each with its own set of points. You can learn more about how EE scoring works by reading the IB guide to extended essays .

  • Criterion A: Focus and Method (6 points maximum)
  • Criterion B: Knowledge and Understanding (6 points maximum)
  • Criterion C: Critical Thinking (12 points maximum)
  • Criterion D: Presentation (4 points maximum)
  • Criterion E: Engagement (6 points maximum)

How well you do on each of these criteria will determine the final letter grade you get for your EE. You must earn at least a D to be eligible to receive your IB Diploma.

Although each criterion has a point value, the IB explicitly states that graders are not converting point totals into grades; instead, they're using qualitative grade descriptors to determine the final grade of your Extended Essay . Grade descriptors are on pages 102-103 of this document .

Here's a rough estimate of how these different point values translate to letter grades based on previous scoring methods for the EE. This is just an estimate —you should read and understand the grade descriptors so you know exactly what the scorers are looking for.

30-34 Excellent: A
25-29 Good: B
17-24 Satisfactory: C
9-16 Mediocre: D
0-8 Elementary: E

Here is the breakdown of EE scores (from the May 2021 bulletin):

A 10.1%
B 24.4%
C 40.8%
D 22.5%
E 1.4%
N (No Grade Awarded) 0.7%

How Does the Extended Essay Grade Affect Your IB Diploma?

The Extended Essay grade is combined with your TOK (Theory of Knowledge) grade to determine how many points you get toward your IB Diploma.

To learn about Theory of Knowledge or how many points you need to receive an IB Diploma, read our complete guide to the IB program and our guide to the IB Diploma requirements .

This diagram shows how the two scores are combined to determine how many points you receive for your IB diploma (3 being the most, 0 being the least). In order to get your IB Diploma, you have to earn 24 points across both categories (the TOK and EE). The highest score anyone can earn is 45 points.

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Let's say you get an A on your EE and a B on TOK. You will get 3 points toward your Diploma. As of 2014, a student who scores an E on either the extended essay or TOK essay will not be eligible to receive an IB Diploma .

Prior to the class of 2010, a Diploma candidate could receive a failing grade in either the Extended Essay or Theory of Knowledge and still be awarded a Diploma, but this is no longer true.

Figuring out how you're assessed can be a little tricky. Luckily, the IB breaks everything down here in this document . (The assessment information begins on page 219.)

40+ Sample Extended Essays for the IB Diploma Programme

In case you want a little more guidance on how to get an A on your EE, here are over 40 excellent (grade A) sample extended essays for your reading pleasure. Essays are grouped by IB subject.

  • Business Management 1
  • Chemistry 1
  • Chemistry 2
  • Chemistry 3
  • Chemistry 4
  • Chemistry 5
  • Chemistry 6
  • Chemistry 7
  • Computer Science 1
  • Economics 1
  • Design Technology 1
  • Design Technology 2
  • Environmental Systems and Societies 1
  • Geography 1
  • Geography 2
  • Geography 3
  • Geography 4
  • Geography 5
  • Geography 6
  • Literature and Performance 1
  • Mathematics 1
  • Mathematics 2
  • Mathematics 3
  • Mathematics 4
  • Mathematics 5
  • Philosophy 1
  • Philosophy 2
  • Philosophy 3
  • Philosophy 4
  • Philosophy 5
  • Psychology 1
  • Psychology 2
  • Psychology 3
  • Psychology 4
  • Psychology 5
  • Social and Cultural Anthropology 1
  • Social and Cultural Anthropology 2
  • Social and Cultural Anthropology 3
  • Sports, Exercise and Health Science 1
  • Sports, Exercise and Health Science 2
  • Visual Arts 1
  • Visual Arts 2
  • Visual Arts 3
  • Visual Arts 4
  • Visual Arts 5
  • World Religion 1
  • World Religion 2
  • World Religion 3

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100 IB Extended Essay Topic Ideas!

ideas for chemistry extended essay

One of the biggest keys to the Extended Essay is choosing which subject you want to write your work in and developing that crucial research question. Read on to find inspiration for topics across a wide range of subjects.

Extended Essay: The Love/Hate aspect of the IB

One of the biggest keys to the Extended Essay is choosing which subject you want to write your work in and developing that crucial research question. Annoyingly, coming up with that idea and research question can be the toughest part of the entire process. Writing 4,000 words about something you are interested in is a big ask and it often feels impossible to narrow down your thoughts. To make everything super clear, here are 100 Extended Essay Topics for you to draw inspiration from! Use these as a springboard to create your own research question !

Get Support from A Top Tutor Today

At Lanterna we have over 300 tutors who smashed their Extended Essay. They know exactly how to get an A in your EE and can give you tips and tricks on how you can do the same. What are you waiting for? Get your own tutor today !

How to Begin Your IB Extended Essay

To make everything super clear, here are 100 Extended Essay Topics for you to draw inspiration from! Use these as a springboard to  create your own research question !

Get Support from a Top Tutor Today

At Lanterna, we have over 300 tutors who smashed their Extended Essay. They know exactly how to get an A in your EE and can give you tips and tricks on how you can do the same. What are you waiting for? Get your own tutor today!

10 Steps to Writing an Extended Essay

Before we look at specific topics for your essay, let’s recap the 10-steps you’ll need to follow to complete your extended essay.

1. Define the Topic and Draft the Research Question

2. Create a Timeline

3. Identify and gather Sources

4. Set Deadlines

5. Plan the structure according to the total word count

6. Evaluate

7. independent Research

8. Write the extended essay draft

10. Present

By following the steps above, you should be able to produce a logical and coherent rationale to follow when writing the extended essay for your IB diploma programme.

By starting with a solid research question, you’ll be able to put an extended essay of global significance together, from the research and writing process all the way through to your final submission with a favourable extended essay grade.

Below, we’re sharing 10 topics across 10 subjects to inspire your next IB extended essay.

1. How the change of habitat affects an X organism?

2. How does climate affect the growth of X plant?

3. Can photosynthesis take place without sunlight?

4. What is the effect of age and gender on the photoreceptor cells in the human retina?

5. How is climate change impacting the appearance of coral reefs?

6. An evaluation of how  antioxidants  work in our bodies?

7. Does hand sanitizer, hand soap or antibacterial wipes have the greatest ability to inhibit the growth of E. Coli?

8. To what extent do live cultures in yogurts/milk/other dairy products reduce the concentration of lactose present over the course of a 2 hour incubation period at x°C?

9. What is the relationship between  population density  between X and population size of X?

10. What is the relationship between indoleacetic acid, a growth hormone, and the growth of X (a crop)?

11. How does human influence impact an aquatic ecosystem?

12. How can one organize a pollution check along a X canal in X?

13. What is the effect of the increased ecological footprint in the  Amazon ?

14. What are the forest and woodland restoration in Siberia, Russia and which one is most effective?

15. How does human interference cause ecological imbalances in an X city/country/continent?

16. What is the impact of urban development on the  bee population  in X city?

17. What are the differences in the conversation efforts in Yosemite National Park (California, USA) and the Lake District National Park (UK)?

18. To what extent have healthcare policies in X country influenced their human population curve?

19. How have changes in environmental systems influenced the value system of X country?

20. How has X landfill site affected the surrounding terrestrial ecosystem?

21. What is the profitability of  airline companies ?

22. How does unemployment affect the market?

23. Why did X recession occur?

24. How did the financial Policy affect the economy in X?

25. How effective are government policies in reducing overconsumption of alcohol (specifically hard liquor)?

26. To what extent are public buses and subways substitute goods in a country?

27. How did the tax reform in country x affect its growth and development? (many countries to choose from)

28. To what extent was weak government policy responsible for the Latin American financial crisis of 1997?

29. How effective is the  Big Mac Index  in measuring purchasing power parity?

30. To what extent would the UK suffer from leaving the European Customs Union if Brexit happens?

31. Is there an association between viewing violence on television and the display of violent acts?

32. What motivational climate should a coach employ in order to achieve optimal performance in athletes?

33. How does  X hormone affect human behavior ?

34. Compare theories explaining altruism in human behaviour

35. Discuss short-term and long-term consequences of exposure to violence

36. Why do relationships change or end?

37. Discuss how  social variables (poverty, parenting, educational environment) may the affect cognitive environment.

38. To what extent do mirror neurons play a role in empathy? (2014)

39. To what extent does Mindfulness help people cope with General Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

40. To what extent is drug therapy effective in the treatment of bipolar disorder?

41. Does the British Parliamentary reforms act of 1832 deserve its title as the great reform act?

42. To what extent are there similarities in Hitler and Mussolini’s Rise to Power?

43. To what extent did Mao’s tackle the problems which he faced?

44. Was Tsar Alexander II of Russia reforms a success or failure?

45. To what extent was the bombing of Dresden in 1945 justifiable?

46. To what extent can  Sweden be considered neutral during WWII ?

47. The impact of structural economic weakness on the collapse of the Soviet Union.

48. How were women treated differently in 1920s and 1950s Great Britain?

49. Why did Israel win the  Six Day War  of 1967?

50. What role did economics play in the unification of Germany from 1834 to 1871?

English Literature

51. What are the Compare and Contrast Jane Austen Books?

52. How does Joseph Conrad’s portray Racism in A Heart of Darkness?

53. How does Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman critique today’s capitalist society? The American Dream?

54. To what extent does Chris McCandless in Jon Krakauer’s Into the Wild escape familial influence?

55. What are the similarities and differences between J.K. Rowling’s characterization of Severus Snape in Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows?

56. How does Yaa Gyasi use structure in her novel Homegoing to portray the evolution of time?

57. What is the impact of the social context on Holden Caufield and Huckleberry Finn?

58. How does Sylvia Path’s use of Inanimate objects in Bell Jar?

59. How is the empowerment of Feminine portrayed in the Lord of the Rings?

60. Compare the political rhetoric as used in the inaugural addresses of George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump.

61. The design, construction and calibration of an apparatus for measuring lipid concentration in milk.

62. What is the effect of a change in the optimal lift on the horizontal gliding distance of an aircraft?

63. How does the sugar concentration affect the refractive index of water?

64. How does temperature affect the viscosity of X juice/soda?

65. Is the relationship between temperature and conductivity and insulators and conductors?

66. What is the Oberth Effect?

67. What is the temperature dependence of work performed on an AA battery?

68. How can the rotational frequency of a fan driven by a flame measure distance?

69. Do wine bottles of different shapes behave as Helmholtz resonators?

70. How does the diameter of a wheel affect stability in different weather conditions?

71. What factors influence the location of industries in country/city X?

72. An investigation into the significance of preserving the quality of water in a continent/country/city?

73. An investigation into the degree to which City X can be considered a Sustainable City/Community.

74. To what extent is Biodiversity being managed successfully in city X?

75. To what extent does the education and employment of women affect Country x’s fertility rate?

76. To what extent do gender, educational attainment, and working parameters influence obesity risk?

77. To what extent has urban development affected human thermal comfort levels in Country/city x (a country/city that has developed in a rapid rate over the past decades)?

78. To what extent is the Company x corporate waste management program effective, demonstrating environmental sustainability?

79. To what extent is biodiversity being managed successfully at National Park X?

80. What types of urban design encourage high rates of vandalism in X neighbourhoods?

81. The kinetics of Enzymatic Reactions.

82. How do Iron Intake Diets differ in X country?

83. What are the different factors that affect the iodine values in cooking oils?

84. What is the effect of standing time and temperate on the acid content in X juice or soda?

85. Can caffeine in tea or coffee be reduced?

86. What is the effect of temperature on the souring of milk?

87. What are the sources of error in calorimetry?

88. Does brushing your teeth affect the pH in your mouth after eating?

89. How does changing the concentration of the reagents affect the formation and spacing between Liesehang rings in the reaction between X chloride and X when conducted in a test tube?

90. What effect does the coating of aspirin tablets have on the hydrolysis of aspirin?

Social and Cultural Anthropology

91. How clothing relates to the cultural anthropology of X culture.

92. The extent to which social media networks affect different societies.

93. The relationship between ritual, myths and faith in an X society.

94. The history of rituals in X culture.

95. How different marriage rituals inform the cultural anthropology of X culture.

96. Climate change and its impact on the evolution of different creatures on the planet.

97. Understanding the social and cultural anthropology of the supernatural in X culture.

98. An analysis of body modification in relation to social and cultural anthropology.

100. Chaste systems and social ranks in societies.

There are so many class subjects that can form the basis of your extended essay, including these popular six subjects:

– Information technology

– Computer science

– Health science

– World studies

– Visual arts

– Business management

Extended essays are a great way to improve your writing skills in academic writing. Essays of a high standard that demonstrate critical thinking and in depth analysis can be submitted to academic journals. These have the potential to reach the global society.

Start Writing Your Extended Essay Topic

We hope this gave you some great inspiration for the variation of topics available for your Extended Essay . The research question you select is what will carry you through the entire process, so be sure to choose wisely!

Remember, if you are looking for more help with your Extended Essay, make sure to check out our guide which will tell you exactly how to plan, structure, research and write your Extended Essay!

Grab Free Extended Essay Resources!

No matter the subject groups in your diploma program, we’re here to help all of our IB students. Whether you’re writing about social and cultural anthropology, business management, design technology, or scientific methods for your IB diploma, Lanterna has you covered.

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Extended Essay Topics: 50+ Examples for Subject in EE

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by  Antony W

July 30, 2022

ideas for chemistry extended essay

This is the complete list of Extended Essay topics on different EE subject areas. We’ve packed this guide with as many topic ideas as possible.

So if you’re just getting started with the IB extended essay assignment and you’re already stuck on topic selection, this post might help you to get unstuck.

What is an Extended Essay?

Abbreviated as EE, the Extended Essay is a required component of the IB Diploma Program for all students, regardless of the disciplines they are studying.

The objective of the Extended Essay is to offer students the chance to conduct research on a topic of their choice and demonstrate knowledge and reading beyond the classroom curriculum. The essay also provides students with the opportunity to develop abilities necessary for researching and writing in advanced learning institutions.

Students often begin working on their essay during the second term of their first year of the IB Diploma Program. They will require a manager (one of the teachers at their school) with whom they will meet on a regular basis to help them outline their research questions and lead them through the writing process.

The IB diploma program allows you to prepare and submit one draft to the supervisor for input, followed by a second, final draft. As for the length of the extended essay, you want to make sure the assignment doesn’t exceed 4,000 words .

Getting Extended Essay Help

Owing to the very nature of the IB program, searching for an extended essay topic and getting the task completed can be an involving task. If you feel like the whole process would end up rather overwhelming, you can take advantage of our extended essay writing service and we’ll help you get the task done. 

For just $19.09/page, you can get the professional writing help and advice required to score a 34 in your Extended Essay. The pricing is standard regardless of the topic you would like to work on.

Extended Essay Topics

If you’re confident that you can write an extended essay yourself, and you should, you need to start with selecting the right topic for the assignment. Here are some topic ideas to get you started: 

1. English Extended Essay Topics

The following are some of the best examples of topic ideas to consider if you choose to write an Extended Essay in the English subject.

  • How the heroic couplets of the neoclassical period differed from those of the romantic period, and why classical poetry had so many rules.
  • How many different styles of poetry can we observe from the English Renaissance through modernism and postmodernism?
  • Does colonialism have an effect on modern poetry and the manner in which it evolves during the many eras of colonial rule?
  • Why has euphemism been so prominent in the English language for so long and how does this affect the lexicon and structure of the language?
  • Can we argue that, unlike other languages of the globe, English is a language of conventions and traditions with no hard and fast rules?
  • What function does slang play in the English language, and how are slang terms now preserved in official and academic dictionaries?
  • What are the primary causes of the gradual shift in the spelling of English words through time?
  • Impact of globalization on the evolution of the English language as it becomes the universal language.

We encourage you to read more about English Extended Essay for further insights.

2. Biology Extended Essay Topics

  • How do age and gender influence the photoreceptor cells in the human retina?
  • What effects does climate change have on the appearance of coral reefs?
  • An analysis of how antioxidants function in the human body?
  • Which of hand sanitizer, hand soap, or antibacterial wipes inhibits the development of E. coli the most effectively?
  • How does population density between X and X’s population size relate?
  • What is the link between the growth hormone indoleacetic acid and the growth of X?

You can read more about Biology EE here.

3. Business Management Extended Essay Topics

We put together an in-depth guide on IB Business Management EE to give you more insight about the subject.

In addition to teaching you exactly how to write an EE in this subject, the post includes some interesting topic ideas as well as their respective research questions.

Remember to check it out to learn more.

4. Chemistry Extended Essay Topics

  • What effect does acid rain have on the trees, plants, and public gardens in your neighborhood?
  • Analyze the chemical composition of various types of lava and magma rocks from across the world.
  • What kinds of chemical components are responsible for the majority of food allergies?
  • Examine the chemistry of MDMA and other “nightclub” or designer drugs in users of various ages.
  • Examine how chemical experiments and the knowledge gained from them have altered the globe.
  • How has the usage of fluoride in the community’s water supply benefited and harmed the community?
  • What chemical difference does choosing organic foods vs pesticide-treated foods have on our bodies?
  • What impact have big cosmetics manufacturers made on our contemporary understanding of chemistry?
  • What type of chemistry is involved in making generic medications cheaper than brand-name pharmaceuticals?

You can read more about Chemistry Extended Essay in this post.

5. Computer Science Extended Essay Topics

  • In what way are support vector machines more accurate in predicting ATP tennis matches than artificial neural networks?
  • To what extent are Java-generated pseudo-random numbers more predictable than C#-generated numbers?
  • How much more effectively does MP3 encoding reduce quality loss and file size than OGG in terms of algorithmic efficiency and encoded file quality?
  • How well does the binary search algorithm locate specific values among variable-sized data sets?
  • How much more efficient is Depth First Search than Breadth First Search for path finding in artificial intelligence and robot motion planning?
  • To what degree is hashing a more appropriate and efficient method than binary search for locating specific values in different-sized data sets?
  • How do Password Length and Character Variation Influence the Entropy of a Password?
  • How much more space-efficient is the AES symmetric encryption method compared to the Blowfish symmetric encryption technique when encrypting data of varied sizes and types?

6. Economics Extended Essay Topics

  • What is the connection between unemployment and economic contraction?
  • Is Alcohol Consumption Regulation Beneficial to the Stock Market?
  • Trucking Companies and the Effects of Sanctions and Trade Embargoes
  • Analysis of the Effects of Increasing Taxes on Multinational Corporations and Religious Organizations
  • What Negative Effects Will a “Hard” Brexit Have on Scotland and Wales?
  • How Will the Substitution of Fossil Fuels with Solar Power Affect the Economies of Middle Eastern Nations?
  • In Sub-Saharan Africa, deforestation and man-made disasters are the leading causes of poverty.

We’ve written an in-depth guide on Economics Extended Essay, and we encourage you to check it out to learn more about the subject.

7. Environmental Systems and Societies EE Topics

The following are some interesting topics on the Environmental Systems and Societies. The X is a variable, which can be a name of any city or country you’d wish to investigate in your ESS.

  • What forest and woodland restoration strategies exist in Siberia, Russia, and one is the most effective?
  • How can human meddling in X city/country/continent produce ecological imbalances?
  • What effect does urbanization have on the bee population in X city?
  • What are the distinctions between Yosemite National Park (California, USA) and Lake District National Park (United Kingdom) in terms of dialogue efforts?
  • How much have healthcare policies in nation X affected its human population curve?
  • What impact has X’s landfill had on the surrounding terrestrial ecosystem?

You can read our ESS guide to learn more about this subject before you start working on your Extended Essay assignment.

8. Film Extended Essay Topics  

  • Relationship between IMDB ratings and several national and international film honors
  • The current transformation of masculinity as represented in Fight Club
  • Varieties of timeline modification methods in cinematography
  • Sci-fi film portrayals of scientists and the scientific method are grossly inaccurate.
  • Moving camera – inventive approaches (such as those utilized in The Matrix or Guy Ritchie’s film)
  • How can filmic approaches depict the evolution of Disney princesses from 1937 to 2012?
  • How are transgender characters portrayed in two films from distinct periods?

9. Geography Extended Essay Topics

  • What socioeconomic and urban design elements contribute to high vandalism rates in Eindhoven’s neighborhoods?
  • How does the quality of life of Filipina Foreign Domestic Workers in Downtown Singapore compare to that of Filipinas in the Philippines?
  • An inquiry examining whether Singapore qualifies as a sustainable city
  • To what degree do migratory patterns and motivations in the northern area of Thailand correspond to predicted migration movements in an LDC?
  • Comparative analysis of the provision of public services in Warsaw’s districts

Check out our complete guide on Geography EE to learn more about the subject. Make sure you check the assessment criteria part, so you can write the kind of an EE that earns you top grades – if not a 34.

10. Global Politics EE

  • The legitimacy of the 2003 US-led invasion of Iraq; to what extent was the invasion justified? (2021)
  • How media depictions and government information can diverge
  • How the success of a political party in one nation may affect the results in another.
  • Comparing the influence of global political trends on two countries reveals contrasting results.
  • The effect of a single crisis on the political ties between two countries

We’ve put together a more comprehensive guide on Global Politics Extended Essay . So we encourage you to check that out to learn more.

11. History Extended Essay

  • The consequences of dropping nuclear bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
  • You can investigate the economic, ethnic, social, and even environmental consequences of conflict diamonds.
  • The evolution of military technology during the American Civil War
  • The post-apartheid work of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission Southwest Africa
  • The rise and collapse of the Ottoman Empire and its economic influence

You can get more topic ideas on this subject from this post .

12. Math Extended Essay

  • How can mathematics be used to determine the ideal distance from the try line for positioning the ball for a rugby union conversion kick?
  • In the sliding tile problem, what is the graph structure of m x n?
  • How long does it take to travel around the whole Singapore MRT network? (2015)
  • Modeling mathematics – An examination of the Richardson arms race model (2020)
  • Real-world applications of a study of differential equations of the second order
  • A mathematical examination of shock absorbers’ damped harmonic motion

Our IB Math EE guide has more insights worth checking out. So we recommend going through the guide before you start writing an extended essay on this subject.

13. Physics Extended Essay Ideas  

  • How may the design of an airplane’s wings affect its aerodynamic performance?
  • Why is it required for the wing of an aircraft to have an ‘angle of attack’? Is it impossible for the aircraft to behave the same without the angle of attack?
  • If landing gears are a cause of drag during flight, how is a Cessna able to deliver a sufficient amount of force to overcome drag?

14. Psychology EE Ideas  

  • What do we know about the connection between stress and bodily disease, and can we utilize this information to manage stress?
  • To what degree can psychology offer plausible explanations for altruistic behavior?
  • Which strategies are most effective in assisting autistic youngsters in improving their everyday functioning?
  • The difficulty of identifying particular genetic variables that might indicate an autism risk
  • How well biological (or sociocultural) variables explain the origin of homosexuality.
  • To what degree does parental discipline affect the temperament of their children?
  • Are Montessori schools, which utilize a humanistic approach to education, also consistent with cognitive theory?

We’ve put together a complete guide on Physics Extended Essay. So, check that out to learn more about the subject. 

15. Visual Arts

  • What role did national themes have in the creative activity of Russian avant-garde artists associated with the Knave of Diamonds society?
  • How did men and women’s clothes communicate National Socialist ideals?
  • How does Yinka Shonibare’s work represent the evolving importance of African art in a global society?
  • What are the origins of Romanesque architecture in Arles?
  • Are there pop art elements in the design of Pakistani trucks?

Check out this post to learn more about the topic. 

About the author 

Antony W is a professional writer and coach at Help for Assessment. He spends countless hours every day researching and writing great content filled with expert advice on how to write engaging essays, research papers, and assignments.

50+ IB ESS Extended Essay Topic Ideas

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  • Writing Metier

Hey ya, I know that you have been searching for a list of good IB ESS extended essay topics, haven’t you? My team has collected this awesome list of more than 50 completely different options that can be used for inspiration while working on your Environmental Systems and Societies EE for IB.

Today, I will share this list curated by our IB professionals from Writing Metier team.

For your ease, I have created this list of categories that will be used for navigation through the article. I believe it will surely help you find an option or at least inspiration 😉

Categories of IB ESS EE Topics

Climate change.

  • Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity : Examining the effects of climate change on species diversity in a specific ecosystem.
  • Mitigation Strategies for Climate Change : Analyzing the effectiveness of various strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
  • Climate Change and Human Health : Investigating the relationship between climate change and the prevalence of diseases.

Water Resources

  • Water Scarcity and Conservation : Exploring the causes of water scarcity and evaluating conservation methods in a specific region.
  • Water Quality and Pollution : Assessing the impact of pollution on water quality and aquatic life in a freshwater system.
  • Sustainable Water Management : Examining sustainable water management practices in agriculture or urban areas.

Energy Resources

  • Renewable Energy Solutions : Evaluating the potential of renewable energy sources (e.g., solar, wind) in a specific region.
  • Impact of Fossil Fuels on the Environment : Analyzing the environmental consequences of fossil fuel extraction and consumption.
  • Energy Efficiency and Conservation : Investigating strategies for improving energy efficiency in homes or industries.

Biodiversity and Conservation

  • Habitat Loss and Fragmentation : Examining the impact of human activities on habitat loss and its effect on biodiversity.
  • Invasive Species and Ecosystems : Investigating the impact of invasive species on native ecosystems and biodiversity.
  • Conservation Strategies for Endangered Species : Evaluating the effectiveness of conservation strategies for a specific endangered species.

Pollution and Waste Management

  • Plastic Pollution in Marine Environments : Assessing the impact of plastic pollution on marine ecosystems and species.
  • Air Quality and Urban Pollution : Investigating the sources and effects of air pollution in a specific urban area.
  • Sustainable Waste Management Practices : Evaluating the effectiveness of sustainable waste management practices in reducing environmental impact.

Agriculture and Food Systems

  • Sustainable Agriculture Practices : Examining the environmental benefits of sustainable agriculture practices (e.g., organic farming, agroforestry).
  • Impact of Pesticides on the Environment : Analyzing the ecological consequences of pesticide use in agriculture.
  • Food Security and Climate Change : Investigating the relationship between climate change and food security in a specific region.

Human Population and Environment

  • Urbanization and Environmental Impact : Exploring the environmental challenges posed by rapid urbanization in a specific city.
  • Ecological Footprint and Sustainability : Assessing the ecological footprint of a specific community and exploring ways to reduce it.
  • Population Growth and Natural Resources : Investigating the impact of population growth on the availability and sustainability of natural resources.

In the next section, I’m going to stick to these categories.

IB ESS Extended Essay Topic Ideas

ess extended essay topics

No more introductions and no needed words; here are three unique and manageable topics with corresponding research questions for each subcategory in IB Environmental Systems and Societies, designed to meet the IB Extended Essay criteria . Ready? Let’s go!

Welcome to the section on Climate Change, where we examine the impacts of global warming on our planet. This area challenges us to understand the changes happening around us and to consider solutions for a sustainable future.

Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity

  • Research Question: How do increasing sea surface temperatures associated with climate change affect the biodiversity of coral reef ecosystems?
  • Research Question: How has climate change impacted the migratory patterns and habitats of bird species in a specific region?
  • Research Question: How does the melting of glaciers due to climate change influence the biodiversity of alpine ecosystems?

Mitigation Strategies for Climate Change

  • Research Question: How effective are urban green spaces in sequestering carbon dioxide and mitigating urban heat island effects?
  • Research Question: What is the potential of afforestation projects in reducing atmospheric CO2 levels, and what are the challenges involved?
  • Research Question: How has the adoption of renewable energy sources impacted carbon emissions in a specific country or region?

Climate Change and Human Health

  • Research Question: How does climate change influence the prevalence and distribution of vector-borne diseases, such as malaria or dengue fever?
  • Research Question: What are the public health impacts of heatwaves in a specific urban area, and how can cities adapt to protect vulnerable populations?
  • Research Question: How does climate change affect global food security, and what measures can be taken to ensure food availability?

From the atmospheric concerns of climate change, we move to the vital element of life: water. In the Water Resources section, we’ll explore challenges and solutions related to water scarcity, quality, and management.

In this section, we focus on Water Resources, looking at the issues surrounding the availability and quality of water . It’s an opportunity to explore sustainable management practices and ensure access for all.

Water Scarcity and Conservation

  • Research Question: How do agricultural practices contribute to water scarcity in arid regions, and what sustainable solutions can be implemented?
  • Research Question: What are the most effective urban water conservation strategies, and how have they impacted water usage in a specific city?
  • Research Question: How effective is desalination as a solution to water scarcity in coastal regions, and what are its environmental impacts?

Water Quality and Pollution

  • Research Question: How do industrial effluents affect the water quality and aquatic life of a specific river?
  • Research Question: How does agricultural runoff contribute to eutrophication in freshwater lakes, and what measures can mitigate its impact?
  • Research Question: What are the main sources of microplastics in marine ecosystems, and how do they impact marine life and human health?

Sustainable Water Management

  • Research Question: How effective are rainwater harvesting systems in enhancing water sustainability in urban areas?
  • Research Question: How does integrated water resources management (IWRM) improve water sustainability in a specific river basin?
  • Research Question: How do wetlands contribute to water purification and conservation, and what are the challenges in protecting these ecosystems?

Transitioning from water, we turn our attention to Energy Resources. Here, we’ll investigate the balance between meeting our energy needs and minimizing environmental impacts.

The Energy Resources section tackles the complexities of powering our world.

From renewable sources to the consequences of fossil fuels, this area encourages us to think about the future of energy and its role in environmental sustainability.

Renewable Energy Solutions

  • Research Question: How feasible is solar energy as a solution for rural electrification in a specific developing country?
  • Research Question: What is the potential of wind energy in coastal regions, and what challenges need to be addressed for its successful implementation?
  • Research Question: What are the social and environmental impacts of hydropower projects on local communities and ecosystems in a specific region?

Impact of Fossil Fuels on the Environment

  • Research Question: What are the short-term and long-term environmental consequences of oil spills in marine ecosystems?
  • Research Question: How does air pollution from coal power plants affect the health of nearby communities, and what mitigation measures can be implemented?
  • Research Question: What is the ecological footprint of natural gas extraction in a specific region, and how does it impact local ecosystems?

Energy Efficiency and Conservation

  • Research Question: How do energy-efficient buildings contribute to reducing carbon emissions in urban areas?
  • Research Question: How effective are energy conservation programs in reducing energy consumption in schools, and what are the key factors for success?
  • Research Question: What strategies are most effective in promoting energy efficiency in transportation, and how do they compare across different regions?

Next, we explore the Biodiversity and Conservation, where we’ll examine the rich diversity of life on Earth and the efforts to protect it.

Biodiversity and Conservation celebrate the diversity of life and examine the threats it faces. It’s an opportunity to understand the importance of conservation efforts in maintaining ecosystem health.

Habitat Loss and Fragmentation

  • Research Question: How does deforestation affect biodiversity and ecosystem services in the Amazon Rainforest?
  • Research Question: How does urbanization contribute to habitat fragmentation and its effects on wildlife populations in a specific region?
  • Research Question: How effective are protected areas in mitigating habitat loss and conserving biodiversity in a specific region?

Invasive Species and Ecosystems

  • Research Question: What are the ecological impacts of a specific invasive plant species on native vegetation and ecosystem dynamics?
  • Research Question: How do invasive aquatic species affect the biodiversity and functioning of freshwater ecosystems?
  • Research Question: What are the most effective management strategies for controlling invasive species in protected areas, and what are the challenges involved?

Conservation Strategies for Endangered Species

  • Research Question: How effective are captive breeding programs in contributing to the conservation of endangered species?
  • Research Question: How does community-based conservation impact the protection and recovery of endangered species in a specific region?
  • Research Question: How do wildlife corridors contribute to enhancing biodiversity conservation and facilitating species movement in fragmented landscapes?

From the natural world, we move to human impacts in the Pollution and Waste Management section. Here, we’ll look at the challenges of pollution and strategies for effective waste management.

Pollution and Waste Management confront the consequences of our consumption and explore ways to reduce our environmental footprint.

It’s a critical area that requires appropriate management knowledge to ensure a cleaner and healthier planet.

Plastic Pollution in Marine Environments

  • Research Question: What are the main sources of microplastics in coastal waters, and how are they distributed across different marine habitats?
  • Research Question: How does plastic pollution affect marine wildlife and ecosystems, and what are the long-term consequences?
  • Research Question: What are the most effective strategies for reducing plastic pollution in marine environments, and how can they be implemented?

Air Quality and Urban Pollution

  • Research Question: How do vehicle emissions contribute to air pollution in urban areas, and what measures can reduce their impact?
  • Research Question: How does indoor air quality in urban settings affect human health, and what factors contribute to poor air quality?
  • Research Question: How does green infrastructure, such as urban parks and green roofs, contribute to improving air quality in cities?

Sustainable Waste Management Practices

  • Research Question: How effective are zero waste initiatives in reducing the generation of municipal solid waste, and what are the key factors for success?
  • Research Question: What are the challenges and opportunities in managing and recycling e-waste, and how can sustainable practices be promoted?
  • Research Question: How effective is composting as a sustainable waste management practice in urban areas, and what are the factors influencing its adoption?

From waste management, we shift to the source of our sustenance in Agriculture and Food Systems. This section will focus on the environmental aspects of how we produce and consume food.

Agriculture and Food Systems examine the link between farming practices and environmental sustainability.

It’s a chance to explore how we can feed the world while protecting our planet.

Sustainable Agriculture Practices

  • Research Question: How do the environmental impacts of organic farming compare to those of conventional farming practices?
  • Research Question: How does agroforestry contribute to biodiversity conservation and soil health in agricultural landscapes?
  • Research Question: How does the adoption of sustainable agriculture practices impact food security in developing countries?

Impact of Pesticides on the Environment

  • Research Question: How do neonicotinoid pesticides affect the health and populations of pollinators, such as bees and butterflies?
  • Research Question: What are the effects of pesticide runoff on aquatic ecosystems and the organisms that inhabit them?
  • Research Question: What are the most effective alternatives to chemical pesticides in integrated pest management (IPM) strategies?

Food Security and Climate Change

  • Research Question: How does climate change impact crop yields and food production in a specific agricultural region?
  • Research Question: How does climate-smart agriculture contribute to enhancing food security in the face of climate change?
  • Research Question: How does water scarcity affect food security in arid regions, and what strategies can be implemented to address this challenge?

Finally, we’ll consider the broader context of Human Population and Environment, looking at how our growing numbers interact with the natural world.

Human Population and Environment reflect on the relationship between people and the planet. It’s an area that challenges us to think about how we can live in harmony with the environment as our global population continues to grow.

After this read, you can also check our article about anthropology extended essay topics and various research question ideas.

Urbanization and Environmental Impact

  • Research Question: What are the environmental consequences of rapid urbanization in a specific developing country, and how can they be mitigated?
  • Research Question: How does sustainable urban planning contribute to reducing the environmental impact of cities?
  • Research Question: What is the role of green spaces in promoting biodiversity and environmental sustainability in urban environments?

Ecological Footprint and Sustainability

  • Research Question: How do different diets (e.g., vegetarian, vegan, omnivorous) compare in terms of their ecological footprint?
  • Research Question: How does consumer behavior in a specific region affect the ecological footprint, and what strategies can promote more sustainable consumption patterns?
  • Research Question: What measures can be taken to reduce the ecological footprint of tourism in protected areas while preserving their natural and cultural heritage?

Population Growth and Natural Resources

  • Research Question: How does population growth contribute to water resource depletion in a specific region, and what are the implications for sustainable water management?
  • Research Question: How does population growth affect deforestation rates in tropical rainforests, and what are the consequences for biodiversity conservation?
  • Research Question: How can sustainable resource management practices address the challenges posed by population growth in a specific region?

Each of these topics and research questions aims to inspire IB ESS students to explore the complexities of environmental systems and societies and contribute to the understanding of global environmental challenges. 

Whether you are interested in the intricacies of climate change, the sustainability of water resources, or biodiversity conservation, these topics provide a solid foundation for an insightful and impactful Extended Essay in ESS.

You can also check our similar articles:

  • Philosophy extended essay topics
  • Anthropology extended essay topics
  • IB Psychology Extended Essay Topics and Research Questions

Film Extended Essay Topic Ideas for IB Diploma

  • List of 50+ Music Extended Essay Topic Ideas

English B Extended Essay Topic Ideas

  • Global Politics Extended Essay Topics and Research Questions

This walkthrough of the various aspects of environmental systems and societies is not just about understanding the challenges we face; it’s about inspiring action for a sustainable future. Every category offers a unique perspective on the environmental issues that shape our world and invites us to think critically about the solutions.

Select IB ESS EE Topics and RQs Wisely

This is the end of our discussion of IB Environmental Systems and Societies Extended Essay topics; I hope you’re feeling motivated and ready to investigate your chosen area of interest. ESS is not just about uncovering answers; it’s about developing the skill to ask meaningful questions. 

At Writing Metier, we are committed to supporting you as you explore the complexities of your research and writing tasks. Our team of experts is here to offer guidance, provide feedback, and assist you with writing your extended essay or any other IB assignments on any topic. 

As you select your topic and initiate your research, remember that you’re starting an intellectual quest that promises to broaden your perspective and deepen your appreciation for environmental issues. 

With Writing Metier by your side, your exploration into environmental systems and societies is more than an academic requirement; it’s an opportunity to engage meaningfully with critical questions that impact our planet.

Free topic suggestions

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Vasyl Kafidoff is a co-founder and CEO at WritingMetier. He is interested in education and how modern technology makes it more accessible. He wants to bring awareness about new learning possibilities as an educational specialist. When Vasy is not working, he’s found behind a drum kit.

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ideas for chemistry extended essay

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Extended Essay

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ideas for chemistry extended essay

This section is initially for anyone who might be thinking of doing their Extended Essay in chemistry and then specifically for those who go ahead and choose chemistry as their Extended Essay subject. It takes you through the whole process, starting with what an Extended Essay is (and what it is not), how to prepare, research and write your essay and finishes with advice and examples of how to achieve a high grade.

Preparation

This first section on ‘Preparation” aims to give you all the information you need about what is involved in writing your Extended Essay. It explains exactly what an IB Extended Essay is, the aims...

Researching

This section looks at the processes involved in the types of research you will need to undertake. Your supervisor will give you advice on how to go about gathering your research by suggesting resources...

Writing the essay

This section gives you advice and information on how to write your essay. It lists the six formal components your essay must include and gives information on how to reference correctly and write the bibliography....

All Extended Essays are marked by an external examiner. All the external examiner sees is the final copy of your Essay together with the completed Reflections on planning and progress form, EE/RPPF. Based...

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General

CHEMISTRY EXTENDED ESSAY

These subject guidelines should be read in conjunction with the IB extended essay general guidelines.

Introduction

An extended essay in chemistry provides a candidate with an opportunity to investigate personally a particular aspect of the materials of our environment. Such extended essays must be characterized by a particular chemical emphasis within a more general set of scientific criteria.

Choice of Topic

It is important that the extended essay has a clear chemical emphasis and is not more closely related to another subject. Chemistry is the science that deals with the composition, characterization, and transformation of substances. A chemistry extended essay should therefore incorporate chemical principles and theory, and emphasize the essential nature of chemistry, relating to the study of matter and of the changes it undergoes. Although similar criteria apply to all extended essays in the experimental sciences, for an extended essay submitted in chemistry the topic chosen must allow an approach which distinctly involves chemistry. Where a topic might be approached from different viewpoints, the treatment of the material must be approached from a chemical perspective.

An extended essay in an interdisciplinary area such as biochemistry will, if registered as a chemistry extended essay, be judged on its chemical content, not its biological content. The scope of the topic and the research associated with it should enable all the criteria, particularly the subject specific criteria, to be addressed. A good topic is one where the single research question is sharply focused and is susceptible to effective treatment within the word limit. Perhaps the most important factor is the depth of treatment that can be given to the topic by the candidate.

Some topics may be unsuitable for investigation because of safety issues. For example, experiments involving toxic or dangerous chemicals, carcinogenic substances or radioactive materials should be avoided unless adequate safety apparatus and qualified supervision is available.

Other topics may be unsuitable because the outcome is already well known and documented in standard text books and the candidate may not be able to show any personal input. An example might be a study of the reactions of the alkali metals with water as this is already covered by the syllabus. However some care does need to be exercised in deciding whether a topic is suitable or not; for example, a few years ago the study of the allotropes of carbon may have been thought to be trivial but this would not be the case today.

The following examples of titles for chemistry extended essays are intended for guidance only. The pairings illustrate that focused topics (indicated by the first title) should be encouraged rather than broad topics (indicated by the second title).

  • "Spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of lead in drinking water" is better than "Water analysis".
  • "The kinetics of oxidation of iodine ions with hydrogen peroxide in acidic solutions" is better than "Chemical kinetics".
  • "The analysis of the red dyes present in different brands of tomato ketchup by thin layer chromatography" is better than "The use of chromatography to separate materials".
  • "Is it better to use dried animal manure as a fertilizer or as a fuel?" is better than "Combustion and nitrogen analysis".
  • "The effects of sugar-free chewing gum on the pH in the mouth after a meal" is better than "Acid-base chemistry".

Other ideas for topics

Treatment of the Topic

An extended essay in chemistry may be based on literature, theoretical models or experimental data. Whichever category is chosen the candidate should ensure that sufficient data will be available for evaluation and that the topic can be researched accurately using locally available resources.

Candidates who choose to write an extended essay based on literature and/or surveys should ensure that their extended essay clearly shows its chemical basis. Essays written at the level of a newspaper or news magazine article are unlikely to achieve a high mark. Since chemistry is an experimental science, candidates are strongly encouraged to undertake experimental work as part of their research, although this is not compulsory. Any experimental work which does form part of a chemistry extended essay should be described in sufficient detail to allow the work to be repeated by others, and candidates are strongly encouraged to research the literature first. Where possible, they should consult original research using scientific journals, personal communications and, where appropriate, the Internet. Textbooks should never be the only source of information. Data collected from an experiment designed by the candidate is of little value unless it is analysed, using appropriate scientific techniques, evaluated and perhaps compared with appropriate models.

It is possible to produce an extended essay in chemistry in which the candidate has used data collected elsewhere as the primary source. In such cases, the element of personal analysis and evaluation is important.

In any chemistry extended essay candidates should be able to demonstrate that they understand the theory underlying any experimental work and state any assumptions made. They should show an understanding of the results obtained and be able to interpret them with reference to the research question posed. They should be critical of inadequate experimental design, the limitations of the experimental method and any systematic errors. Candidates should be encouraged to consider unresolved questions in their research, and to suggest new questions and areas for further investigation in their conclusion.

Assessment Criteria

Principles and ideas used to describe and explain the properties and behaviour of materials
 
There is no evidence of any principles or ideas relating to chemistry.
Some of the relevant principles or ideas relating to chemistry are mentioned but little use is made of them
Some of the relevant principles or ideas relating to chemistry are evident and used in a routine manner.
Many of the relevant principles and ideas relating to chemistry are evident and good use is made of them.
The relevant principles and ideas relating to chemistry are included and there is good evidence that they are fully understood and applied correctly.
Use of methods and sources appropriate to chemistry
 
The methods or sources used are not relevant or not appropriate to chemistry
The methods or sources used are appropriate to chemistry and relevant to the research question, but show minimal competence or are not carefully chosen.
The methods or sources used are appropriate to chemistry and relevant to the research question, and are carefully chosen, but used in a routine manner.
The methods or sources used are appropriate to chemistry and relevant to the research question, are carefully chosen, and used competently, and there is some evidence of a personal approach to their application.
The methods or sources used are appropriate to chemistry and relevant to the research question, are carefully chosen and used competently, and there is clear evidence of a personal approach to their application.
Reasoning surrounding the research and its limitations
 
There is no awareness of the quality of the experimental design or the quality of sources accessed. There are no explanations, confirmations or refutations
The quality of the experimental design or the quality of sources is briefly mentioned. There is no supporting evidence for explanations, confirmations or refutations.
The quality of the experimental design or the quality of sources is considered, but not analysed. There is little supporting evidence for explanations, confirmations or refutations.
The quality of the experimental design or the quality of sources is considered and subjected to limited analysis. There is some supporting evidence for explanations, confirmations or refutations.
Uncertainties in experimental data are thoroughly analysed and approximations in models are accounted for. Inadequate experimental design or any systematic error is exposed. The quality of sources accessed is verified by secondary sources or by direct calculations. Explanations, confirmations and refutations are supported by this analysis.
 

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Gr. 11-12 Extended Essay

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Chemistry EE Overview

Narrowing your topic in chemistry, acceptable source types for chemistry ees, recommended databases, website sources, ee examples.

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Chemistry EEs need to emphasize the chemical aspects of the subject matter, incorporating chemical principles and theory, and emphasize the study of matter and of the changes it undergoes. (See the IB's  Chemistry: Subject-specific guidance .)

The following is a comparison of Chemistry EE topics to demonstrate the focus and specificity your topic should have.

ideas for chemistry extended essay

(Source: Chemistry: Subject-specific guidance , IB)

Subject Options

a. Experiment-based essay: The focus with experiment-based essays is the primary data produced as a result of the experiment(s) conducted by students. Secondary sources in the form of scientific publications should be used to support a line of argument or indicate where the student has adapted their approach so as to produce different results. A consideration of the quality of the secondary source should also be offered to identify limitations or weaknesses in approach, method and so forth. Note: there are restrictions placed on the use of animals and humans when it comes to experiment-based essays. Check the IB Policy ‘Guidelines for the use of animals in IB World Schools’.

b. Non-experiment-based essay: Non-experiment-based (literature) essays should effectively question the reliability of the secondary source material used, and offer some insight into the strengths and limitations of the methodological approaches taken by the secondary sources.

Source Options

Source: Lekanides, K. (2016).  Extended Essay Course Companion.  Oxford University Press.

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the popular violence of the cultural revolution driven by mao’s need to eliminate opposition, to what extent has the vehicular emissions scheme (ves) been effective in increasing the consumption of light electric vehicles between 2018 and 2020 in singapore, how does the type of solvent (ethanol, propanone) and its solvent to water ratio (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% v/v) in the extraction of polyphenols via ultrasound-assisted extraction (uae), affect the total phenolic content extracted from rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis), quantified by folin-ciocalteu assay, how does altering the curvature of an aircraft wing function to reduce aerodynamic drag and thus aircraft greenhouse emissions, to what extent does varying the duration (0 mins, 5 mins, 10 mins, 15 mins, 20 mins, 25 mins) at which a 25% solution consisting of ethanol-dissolved ayurvedic spices (curcumin and black cumin) is maintained at 60°c affect the antimicrobial activity of these spices against a k12 strain of escherichia 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Chemistry Extended Essay Topics

Chemistry Extended Essay Topics

Luke MacQuoid

Chemistry Extended Essay ( EE) topics are topics that are specific to the study of chemical reactions, properties and structures of matter. These can include topics such as the effectiveness of different catalysts in chemical reactions, the properties of a new synthetic material, the environmental impact of a particular chemical process, or the impact of a chemical substance on human health. The key is that the topic must be related to the study of chemistry.

good checmistry ee topics

There are some interesting topics for the Chemistry Extended essay :

  • Investigating the properties of a new synthetic material
  • The effect of acid rain on plant growth
  • The result of different catalysts on the rate of a chemical reaction
  • The efficiency of different methods of water purification
  • Investigating the properties of a new drug
  • The effect of pollution on the pH of a local waterway
  • The impact of temperature on the rate of a chemical reaction
  • The effect of light on photosynthesis in plants
  • The result of different fertilizers on plant growth
  • Investigating the properties of a new type of battery
  • The effect of different metals on the corrosion rate of steel
  • The effect of different sugars on fermentation
  • The effect of pollution on the health of aquatic organisms
  • The effect of different temperatures on the solubility of a salt
  • Investigating the properties of a new type of solar cell
  • The development of pH on the rate of a chemical reaction
  • The effect of different surfactants on surface tension
  • The impact of different kinds of catalysts on the yield of a chemical reaction
  • The effect of different types of food preservatives on the growth of bacteria
  • Investigating the properties of a new type of superconductor

Please keep in mind that if you opt for Chemistry as your IB extended essay subject, the above topics are suggestions and should be refined to make them researchable, specific, and clear as per the requirement of the Extended Essay .

When applying these Chemistry Extended Essay topics, students can use the following methods:

  • Investigating the properties of a new synthetic material: Students can conduct experiments to test the properties of the new synthetic material, such as its strength, durability, and resistance to heat and chemicals. They can also conduct a literature review to gather information about the current research on the topic and identify any gaps in the research that their study can fill.
  • The result of acid rain on plant growth: Students can conduct experiments to test the effect of acid rain on plant growth by exposing plants to different levels of acidity and measuring their growth and health. They can also conduct a literature review to gather information about the current research on the topic and identify any gaps in the research that their study can fill.
  • The impact of different catalysts on the rate of a chemical reaction: Students can conduct experiments to test the effect of different catalysts on the rate of a chemical reaction by measuring the rate of the reaction with different catalysts and comparing the results.
  • The efficiency of different methods of water purification: Students can conduct experiments to test the efficiency of different methods of water purification by measuring the amount of impurities present in the water before and after treatment.
  • Investigating the properties of a new drug: Students can conduct experiments to test the properties of the new drug, such as its effectiveness, side effects, and potential interactions with other drugs. They can also conduct a literature review to gather information about the current research on the topic and identify any gaps in the research that their study can fill.
  • The effect of pollution on the pH of a local waterway: Students can conduct experiments to measure the pH of a local waterway and compare it to the pH of a clean waterway. They can also conduct a literature review to gather information about the current research on the topic and identify any gaps in the research that their study can fill.
  • The result of temperature on the rate of a chemical reaction: Students can conduct experiments to test the effect of temperature on the rate of a chemical reaction by measuring the rate of the reaction at different temperatures and comparing the results.
  • The effect of light on photosynthesis in plants: Students can conduct experiments to test the effect of light on photosynthesis in plants by exposing plants to different levels of light and measuring their photosynthetic activity.
  • The effect of different fertilizers on plant growth: Students can conduct experiments to test the effect of different fertilizers on plant growth by exposing plants to different types of fertilizers and measuring their growth and health.
  • Investigating the properties of a new type of battery: Students can conduct experiments to test the properties of a new type of battery, such as its capacity, charge time, and discharge rate. They can also conduct a literature review to gather information about the current research on the topic and identify any gaps in the research that their study can fill.
  • The effect of different metals on the corrosion rate of steel: Students can conduct experiments to test the effect of different metals on the corrosion rate of steel by exposing steel samples to different metals and measuring their corrosion rate.
  • The effect of different sugars on fermentation: Students can conduct experiments to test the effect of different sugars on fermentation by measuring the rate of fermentation with different sugars.
  • The effect of pollution on the health of aquatic organisms: Students can conduct experiments to test the effect of pollution on the health of aquatic organisms by measuring the health of aquatic organisms in polluted and non-polluted areas.
  • The effect of different temperature on the solubility of a salt: Students can conduct experiments to test the effect of different temperatures on the solubility of a salt by measuring the solubility of a salt at different temperatures and comparing the results.
  • Investigating the properties of a new type of solar cell: Students can conduct experiments to test the properties of a new type of solar cell, such as its efficiency, power output, and resistance to heat and weather. They can also conduct a literature review to gather information about the current research on the topic and identify any gaps in the research that their study can fill.
  • The effect of pH on the rate of a chemical reaction: Students can conduct experiments to test the effect of pH on the rate of a chemical reaction by measuring the rate of the reaction at different pH levels and comparing the results.
  • The effect of different surfactants on surface tension: Students can conduct experiments to test the effect of different surfactants on surface tension by measuring the surface tension of a liquid with and without surfactants and comparing the results.
  • The effect of different types of catalysts on the yield of a chemical reaction: Students can conduct experiments to test the effect of different types of catalysts on the yield of a chemical reaction by measuring the yield of the reaction with different catalysts and comparing the results.
  • The effect of different types of food preservatives on the growth of bacteria: Students can conduct experiments to test the effect of different types of food preservatives on the growth of bacteria by measuring the growth of bacteria in the presence of different food preservatives and comparing the results.
  • Investigating the properties of a new type of superconductor: Students can conduct experiments to test the properties of a new type of superconductor, such as its conductivity, resistance to heat, and potential applications. They can also conduct a literature review to gather information about the current research on the topic and identify any gaps in the research that their study can fill.

It’s important to note that the above examples are suggestions for how to apply these Chemistry EE topics, and that students can also come up with their own methods as long as they are appropriate, ethical, and follow the guidelines of the Extended Essay.

ideas for chemistry extended essay

Need help with your IB Chemistry EE?

From research and analysis to structuring and editing, our skilled mentors will be by your side, helping you craft an exceptional extended essay that not only meets the stringent IB criteria but also reflects your passion for Chemistry studies.

While writing an Extended Essay can be a challenging task, it’s also an opportunity for students to showcase their research and writing skills while exploring a topic that interests them. However, if you’re feeling overwhelmed and need a little help , don’t hesitate to reach out to writing services for support.

They can assist with research, editing, proofreading, and formatting to help you create an essay that will knock the socks off your IB examiner. Think of it as a fun adventure, where you get to explore a topic you’re passionate about and with the right guidance, you’ll be able to write an essay that you’ll be proud of!

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Luke MacQuoid has extensive experience teaching English as a foreign language in Japan, having worked with students of all ages for over 12 years. Currently, he is teaching at the tertiary level. Luke holds a BA from the University of Sussex and an MA in TESOL from Lancaster University, both located in England. As well to his work as an IB Examiner and Master Tutor, Luke also enjoys sharing his experiences and insights with others through writing articles for various websites, including extendedessaywriters.com blog

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  • Extended Essays
  • 2014 DP Chemistry (Last exam Nov 24)

Along with Theory of Knowledge (TOK) and Creativity, Activity, Service (CAS) the Extended Essay (EE) forms part of the core requirement of the IB. In order to be awarded the Diploma all students must complete an Extended Essay in an IB approved subject of their choice. For most chemistry teachers looking at this page the IB approved subject will be chemistry but remember that your students can also choose to submit a...

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200 Extended Essay Topics, the Essay’s Layout, and Additional Info

Updated 21 May 2024

The International Baccalaureate (IB) is an educational foundation with worldwide outreach founded in 1968 and which offers education programs to students or pupils 3 to 19 years old. In 2017, more than 4,650 schools worldwide taught International Baccalaureate programs – this corresponds to roughly 1.4 million IB students in 152 countries. Out of all schools, 1700 are located in the US alone.

An important International Baccalaureate Program (one of the four tracks available) is the Diploma Program aimed at students between 16 and 19 years old – in 2016, roughly 150,000 students worldwide took an IB Diploma Program exam. One of the mandatory IB Diploma requirements is to write an extended essay, which contributes significantly to the total score. Below, we provide some guiding information and a selection of extended essay topics to help you learn how to write an extended essay .

Definition and Purpose

The IB extended essay is part of the core requirements/curriculum of an IB Diploma Program and involves focused independent research by the IB student on a chosen theme. Resulting papers have a typical length of up to 4000 words long (they should tend to reach this, although writing 3500 words can still be acceptable). A low score (E) for the extended paper and/or Theory of Knowledge essay revokes the right to receive an IB Diploma. By contrast, good marks contribute to the overall score, which could impact a student’s college application success.

While submission deadlines for extended essays are set by the IB, schools are free to set their own internal deadlines. Preparation and work on this assignment spans several academic terms – this includes choosing extended essay topics, submitting proposals, designating supervisors, information gathering (e.g. sources from local libraries), writing a draft (for instance, over a summer break), receiving feedback from supervisors, etc.

Extended Essay Topics

IB Extended Essay Layout

There are six required elements in an extended essay layout:

  • Title page – should include the title, research question (e.g. “How did phenomenon A cause phenomenon B?”), subject it is registered in, category (for language essays), essay theme and subjects used (for world studies), total word count.
  • Contents page – should be at the beginning listing headings and subheadings along with corresponding page numbers these can be found on (all pages should be numbered).
  • Introduction – should describe the focus and scope of this research, used sources, line of argument to be presented.
  • Essay body – this is the main section where research, analysis, discussion, and evaluation is being performed. The structure might vary from subject to subject but it is essential that evidence and argument development is presented clearly and in appropriate order.
  • Conclusion – conclusions state what has been accomplished through this research, but also potential limitations, unsolved issues, open questions.
  • References and bibliography – students should adhere to a chosen academic citation style and use it consistently (different citations styles might be required depending on the discipline).

A methodology section or other sections might also be appropriate. Also, there might be an Appendices section if you have supplementary material to add (this is not included in the total word count). Also note that starting with 2018, no abstract is needed – adding it will unnecessarily steal roughly 300 words from the total word count, which will almost certainly prove detrimental (so it’s wise to skip it).

How to Choose a Good Topic

IB students must take six subjects, one from each subject group (there are 6 in total) with the exception that no subject from the sixth group (Arts) is mandatory and can be substituted with a subject from any of the other five groups. IB extended essay topics are normally chosen so that they are related to subjects picked by the student but they must fall into a course belonging to any of the following six subject groups (categories):

  • Group 1: Studies in language and literature – this includes subjects like student's native language, Language and Literature, Literature and Performance (interdisciplinary).
  • Group 2: Language acquisition – this includes an additional language (either deepening existing knowledge or starting one from zero).
  • Group 3: Individuals and societies – includes humanities and social science courses such as Economics, Geography, History, Business Management, Information Technology in a Global Society (ITGS), Psychology, Philosophy, Social and Cultural Anthropology and Global Politics, Environmental Systems and Societies, World Religions (interdisciplinary).
  • Group 4: Experimental sciences - Biology, Physics, Chemistry, Design Technology, Computer Science, Sport, Exercise and Health Science, Environmental Systems (interdisciplinary), Societies and Nature of Science (interdisciplinary).
  • Group 5: Mathematics. Mathematical Studies, Mathematics, Further Mathematics.
  • Group 6: Arts – Dance, Music, Theatre, Foreign Languages, Visual Arts, and Film.

It is highly recommended you choose a topic that interests and motivates you – after all, you’ll be working on and perfecting your extended paper over several months. Some challenge (e.g. unfamiliar fields) is also fine but risks should be reasonable. Choose issues that are narrow enough to be explored and covered comprehensively in 4000 words – attempting to do this with a very broad theme, would look very unprofessional.

In order to pick an interesting topic, it might be very useful to have brainstorm sessions on your own (this will help you focus on your interests) but also to browse the web or other resources for lists of potential themes (especially if you feel confused or stuck) – it could very well happen that one such topic would inspire you to choose a related one, which would be even better adjusted to your interests and goals.

Choosing a topic is not the only challenge encountered while writing an extended essay – writing up in a clear, organized manner and using correct language is also a must. Even if you proofread your extended paper several times, there might still be errors you can skip (occasional comas, wrong spellings, etc.).

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200 IB Extended Essay Topic Ideas

Below is a list of IB extended essay topic ideas sorted by subject that might help you identify a favorite.

Biology extended essay topics

  • The effects of urban pollution on local flora species diversity.
  • Analyzing the impact of climate change on coral reef ecosystems.
  • Investigating the role of genetics in resistance to antibiotics.
  • The influence of soil pH on plant growth and nutrient uptake.
  • A comparative study of carnivorous plants: Mechanisms and efficiency of prey capture.
  • The impact of invasive species on native biodiversity in a specific region.
  • Examining the symbiotic relationship between fungi and plant roots in nutrient-poor soils.
  • The role of epigenetics in the development of certain human diseases.
  • Investigating the effects of microplastics on marine life fertility rates.
  • The efficiency of different natural pesticides on crop pests.
  • Analyzing the genetic diversity of a local endangered species to aid conservation efforts.
  • The impact of deforestation on the genetic variation of isolated populations.
  • Studying the behavioral patterns of a specific animal species in response to habitat fragmentation.
  • The role of gut microbiota in human health and disease.
  • Investigating the biochemical processes involved in the bioremediation of oil spills.
  • The effects of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.
  • Analyzing the impact of GMO crops on surrounding natural plant populations.
  • The role of plant hormones in root development and growth.
  • Investigating the mechanisms of aging at the cellular level.
  • The impact of ocean acidification on shellfish calcification processes.
Read also: 170 Interesting Biology Research Paper Topics

Psychology extended essay topics

  • The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in treating depression.
  • Investigating the psychological impact of social media on teenagers' self-esteem.
  • The role of personality traits in workplace success.
  • Analyzing the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance.
  • The impact of parental styles on children's emotional development.
  • Investigating the psychological effects of bullying on adolescents.
  • The influence of cultural background on perception and decision-making.
  • Analyzing the role of psychological resilience in coping with chronic illness.
  • The effectiveness of art therapy in reducing anxiety in adults.
  • Investigating the relationship between exercise and mental health.
  • The impact of childhood trauma on adult psychological disorders.
  • Analyzing the psychological factors influencing consumer behavior.
  • The role of implicit bias in social interactions and judgments.
  • Investigating the effects of virtual reality on phobia treatment.
  • The impact of peer pressure on adolescent risk-taking behaviors.
  • Analyzing the psychological aspects of addiction and recovery.
  • The role of emotional intelligence in personal and professional relationships.
  • Investigating the effects of music therapy on stress reduction.
  • The impact of social isolation on elderly mental health.
  • Analyzing the role of genetics and environment in the development of personality.

English extended essay topics

  • The portrayal of women in Victorian literature.
  • Analyzing the use of symbolism in "To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee.
  • The impact of colonialism on literature: A case study of post-colonial African literature.
  • Investigating the theme of identity in "The Catcher in the Rye" by J.D. Salinger.
  • The evolution of the tragic hero in Shakespeare's plays.
  • Analyzing the representation of dystopian societies in modern young adult literature.
  • The role of nature in Romantic poetry.
  • Investigating the use of unreliable narrators in modern American literature.
  • The impact of the First World War on British poetry.
  • Exploring the theme of racial discrimination in "The Bluest Eye" by Toni Morrison.
  • The influence of Greek mythology on modern literature.
  • Analyzing the portrayal of mental illness in "The Bell Jar" by Sylvia Plath.
  • The use of stream of consciousness technique in Virginia Woolf's novels.
  • Investigating the theme of existentialism in "The Stranger" by Albert Camus.
  • The depiction of the American Dream in "The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald.
  • Exploring the concept of feminism in "Jane Eyre" by Charlotte Brontë.
  • The role of the supernatural in Gothic literature.
  • Analyzing the theme of redemption in "A Christmas Carol" by Charles Dickens.
  • The portrayal of childhood in "Lord of the Flies" by William Golding.
  • Investigating the use of satire in "Animal Farm" by George Orwell.

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Literature extended essay topics

  • The exploration of the American Dream in John Steinbeck's "The Grapes of Wrath."
  • The use of magical realism in Gabriel García Márquez's "One Hundred Years of Solitude."
  • The depiction of female empowerment in Charlotte Perkins Gilman's "The Yellow Wallpaper."
  • The theme of isolation in Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein."
  • The impact of societal expectations on individual identity in Jane Austen's "Pride and Prejudice."
  • The exploration of existentialism in Albert Camus's "The Plague."
  • The portrayal of war and its aftermath in Erich Maria Remarque's "All Quiet on the Western Front."
  • The concept of love and sacrifice in Emily Brontë's "Wuthering Heights."
  • The critique of totalitarianism in George Orwell's "1984."
  • The exploration of racial inequality in Toni Morrison's "Beloved."
  • The representation of childhood and coming of age in J.D. Salinger's "The Catcher in the Rye."
  • The use of the journey motif in Homer's "The Odyssey."
  • The depiction of mental illness in Sylvia Plath's "The Bell Jar."
  • The role of nature in the poetry of William Wordsworth.
  • The exploration of gender roles in Virginia Woolf's "Orlando."
  • The impact of colonialism on identity in Chinua Achebe's "Things Fall Apart."
  • The portrayal of the artist in James Joyce's "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man."
  • The theme of revenge in William Shakespeare's "Hamlet."
  • The exploration of social class and morality in Charles Dickens's "Great Expectations."
  • The depiction of dystopian society in Margaret Atwood's "The Handmaid's Tale."
Read also: Literary Analysis Essay Topics for Students

Geography extended essay topics

  • The effects of climate change on coral reef ecosystems in the Caribbean.
  • Urban sprawl and its impact on the environment in a specific metropolitan area.
  • The role of sustainable agriculture in promoting food security in Sub-Saharan Africa.
  • The impact of tourism on natural resources in a national park.
  • The relationship between population density and air quality in major cities.
  • The effects of deforestation on biodiversity in the Amazon rainforest.
  • The impact of renewable energy projects on rural communities.
  • Water scarcity and its effects on agriculture in the Middle East.
  • The role of green spaces in urban environments on mental health.
  • The impact of sea-level rise on coastal communities.
  • The geographical factors influencing the spread of diseases.
  • The effects of industrial pollution on river ecosystems.
  • The role of geographical information systems (GIS) in disaster management.
  • The impact of glacier retreat on water resources in the Himalayas.
  • The relationship between soil erosion and agricultural practices.
  • The effects of urbanization on wildlife habitats.
  • The impact of mining activities on local communities and the environment.
  • The role of ecotourism in conservation efforts.
  • The geographical patterns of renewable energy adoption.
  • The impact of landfills on groundwater quality.

History extended essay topics

  • The impact of the Treaty of Versailles on the Weimar Republic.
  • The role of women in the French Resistance during World War II.
  • The influence of the Silk Road on the cultural exchange between East and West.
  • The causes and consequences of the Cuban Missile Crisis.
  • The impact of the Industrial Revolution on urbanization.
  • The role of propaganda in Nazi Germany.
  • The effects of the Great Depression on American society.
  • The influence of Mahatma Gandhi on the Indian independence movement.
  • The causes and effects of the fall of the Roman Empire.
  • The impact of the Civil Rights Movement on racial equality in the United States.
  • The role of the Catholic Church in medieval Europe.
  • The consequences of the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire.
  • The impact of the Cold War on space exploration.
  • The effects of colonialism on Africa.
  • The role of the samurai in feudal Japan.
  • The causes and outcomes of the Korean War.
  • The impact of the discovery of the New World on European societies.
  • The influence of the Renaissance on art and science.
  • The consequences of the Chernobyl disaster on Soviet society.
  • The role of espionage during the Cold War.

Physics extended essay topics

  • The principles and applications of quantum entanglement.
  • The impact of black holes on theories of space and time.
  • The role of dark matter in the universe.
  • The physics of climate change: Analyzing the greenhouse effect.
  • The principles of superconductivity and its potential applications.
  • The effects of solar flares on Earth's magnetic field.
  • The physics behind renewable energy sources.
  • The principles of aerodynamics in sports.
  • The impact of technological advancements on space exploration.
  • The role of physics in understanding ocean currents and their effects on climate.
  • The principles of sound waves and their applications in medical imaging.
  • The physics of electric vehicles and their impact on the environment.
  • The role of particle accelerators in modern physics research.
  • The principles of nuclear fusion and its potential as an energy source.
  • The physics of earthquakes and seismic waves.
  • The application of thermodynamics in everyday life.
  • The role of optics in modern communication technologies.
  • The principles of electromagnetism in electrical engineering.
  • The physics of sports equipment design.
  • The impact of nanotechnology on future technological developments.

Film extended essay topics

  • The evolution of special effects in cinema and their impact on storytelling.
  • The representation of historical events in films: Accuracy vs. artistic license.
  • The influence of film noir on modern cinematography and narrative styles.
  • The role of music in shaping the emotional landscape of films.
  • The portrayal of gender roles in Hollywood movies from the 1950s to today.
  • The impact of independent films on the global film industry.
  • The cultural significance of foreign films in promoting global awareness.
  • The evolution of the superhero genre in cinema.
  • The depiction of artificial intelligence in science fiction films.
  • The influence of directors' personal styles on the development of film genres.
  • The role of propaganda films in shaping public opinion during wartime.
  • The impact of censorship on film content and its reception by audiences.
  • The representation of mental illness in films and its impact on societal perceptions.
  • The evolution of animation techniques and their impact on storytelling.
  • The portrayal of race and ethnicity in contemporary cinema.
  • The influence of streaming platforms on film production and distribution.
  • The role of documentaries in raising awareness about social and environmental issues.
  • The impact of the French New Wave on contemporary filmmaking techniques.
  • The depiction of futuristic societies in dystopian films.
  • The role of film festivals in promoting independent and international cinema.

Economics extended essay topics

  • The impact of globalization on small businesses in developing countries.
  • The effectiveness of monetary policy in controlling inflation.
  • The role of technology in shaping consumer behavior and market trends.
  • The impact of Brexit on the UK's economic relationship with the EU.
  • The effects of minimum wage laws on employment rates.
  • The role of microfinance in promoting entrepreneurship in developing countries.
  • The impact of trade tariffs on international relations and global markets.
  • The effects of the gig economy on traditional employment models.
  • The role of sustainable development in economic planning.
  • The impact of cryptocurrency on traditional banking and financial markets.
  • The economics of climate change: Costs and benefits of environmental policies.
  • The role of foreign direct investment in economic development.
  • The impact of income inequality on economic growth.
  • The effects of agricultural subsidies on global trade.
  • The role of consumer confidence in economic recovery post-recession.
  • The impact of internet advertising on consumer spending habits.
  • The economics of renewable energy and its impact on fossil fuel industries.
  • The role of government regulation in preventing financial crises.
  • The impact of demographic changes on economic growth strategies.
  • The effects of corporate social responsibility on brand loyalty and profitability.

World religion studies extended essays topics

  • The role of religious rituals in strengthening community bonds.
  • The impact of secularism on religious practices and institutions.
  • The influence of Buddhism on modern mindfulness and meditation practices.
  • The role of women in leadership positions within different religious traditions.
  • The impact of globalization on the spread and adaptation of religions.
  • The ethical implications of religious beliefs on medical decisions.
  • The role of religion in conflict and peacebuilding efforts.
  • The influence of religious education on moral development.
  • The impact of religious tourism on holy sites and local communities.
  • The role of religion in shaping cultural identity.
  • The evolution of Hinduism in the context of contemporary India.
  • The influence of religion on art and architecture throughout history.
  • The role of religious texts in shaping ethical and moral codes.
  • The impact of interfaith dialogue on religious tolerance.
  • The role of animism and indigenous religions in environmental conservation.
  • The influence of the Reformation on the development of modern Christianity.
  • The role of religious leaders in social and political movements.
  • The impact of religious dietary laws on food culture and industry.
  • The role of pilgrimage in different religious traditions.
  • The influence of mysticism and esoteric practices within major world religions.

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Good ideas for an extended essay topic?

Hi r/chemistry I'm a high school student currently enrolled in the IB program. We are going to begin writing our extended essays soon and I would like to write a paper on chemistry as it is something I am genuinely interested in and hope to study in college. This being said, I need help thinking of topics I could write about, keeping in mind that I must also conduct an experiment as well as write the paper. I have access to a well stocked high school lab as well as a trained instructor. Any ideas are welcome, thank you!

321 Interesting Chemistry Topics & Writing Tips

Chemistry studies matter and what it’s made of. It tells us how substances change and what properties they have. Chemistry seeks to answer questions such as: What is the Universe made of? How do elements react with each other?

Read our article to dive deeper into this intricate subject. What is more, we’ve prepared a list of 300 exciting chemistry-related topics. You can choose between organic, nuclear chemistry, biochemistry, and other branches. Our interesting topics in chemistry will make your studies more enjoyable!

Don’t forget that writing is our element. Is your assignment’s deadline closing in? Our custom writing service will take the pressure off you!

🔝 Top 10 Interesting Chemistry Topics

  • ✅ Branches of Chemistry
  • ✍️ Writing Tips

⭐ Top 10 Chemistry Essay Topics

  • 🔬 General Chemistry Topics
  • 🧑🥼 Chemistry Project Topics
  • 🤔 Advanced Chemistry
  • 🦠 Biochemistry
  • 🧬 Organic Chemistry
  • ♻️ Green Chemistry
  • ⚗️ Inorganic Chemistry
  • ⚛️ Nuclear Chemistry
  • 🧮 Analytical Chemistry
  • 🧪 Physical Chemistry

🔍 References

  • Biochemistry in nursing
  • Crystalloids vs. colloids
  • The purpose of dilutions
  • Principles of electrochemistry
  • Why is stoichiometry so difficult?
  • Are there alternative periodic tables?
  • The polarity of bonds classification
  • How is nuclear chemistry used?
  • The importance of Lewis electron dot structure
  • Endothermic reactions vs. exothermic reactions

✅ Main Branches of Chemistry

Chemistry is a broad subject that uses various methods of study. Because of this, scientists divide it into five main branches. These are organic, inorganic, physical, analytical, and biochemistry . Let’s investigate them:

  • Organic chemistry examines life. It seeks to understand the molecular structure and behavior of living beings.
  • Inorganic chemistry focuses on materials rather than living beings. Chemists of this field aim to advance technology.

Chemical elements.

  • Physical chemists examine the atomic level of matter. This branch uses physics to study the processes in chemical systems.
  • Analytical chemists investigate what matter consists of. They look for new analyzing procedures and ways to enhance existing ones.
  • Biochemistry studies the fundamental biological systems. It improves our understanding of essential medical issues.

Now that we’ve sorted out chemistry basics, we can examine how to write about it. Whether you’re in high school or already in college, the following guide will help you compose an excellent chemistry paper!

✍️ Tips on How to Write a Chemistry Paper

Each subject has its own rules when it comes to writing papers. In chemistry, the organization is the key. That’s why the first step is to have your lab notes in order. Keep your notebook neat and tidy, and you will see that writing becomes much more manageable.

On top of that, it’s good to have an idea of what an excellent paper should be like. There are three major points you should keep in mind: objectives, style, and structure.

  • Objectives. Your goal is to identify and convey valuable information. If you want to share it with others, it should be presented as credible scientific work.
  • Introduction. Say what your paper will be about.
  • Methods. Present the methods and materials you use.
  • Results. Describe what you observed during the experiment.
  • Discussion. Analyze the results and summarize the relevance of your study.
  • Style. Grammatically correct writing is a must. Your style should be formal, concise, and clear. Use the right tense: write your methods and results in the past. For general truths, you can switch to the present.

Finally, don’t forget that for any type of writing, the right topic is crucial. For inspiration, check out our excellent chemistry paper topics!

  • The history of neurochemistry
  • Astrochemistry vs. astrophysics
  • Is radiochemistry a dying field?
  • Pros and cons of being a biochemist
  • New concepts of chemical engineering
  • What makes quantum chemistry difficult?
  • The importance of agricultural chemistry
  • The impact of WW2 on computational chemistry
  • Ernest Rutherford’s contribution to nuclear chemistry
  • Computer chemistry vs. computational chemistry

🔬 General Chemistry Topics to Write About

Chemistry surrounds us in our everyday life. Have you ever seen moldy bread or boiling water? That’s chemistry in action. Have a look at these 30 easy topics for an introduction into chemistry:

  • What happens to your body when it lacks vitamins?
  • How does acid rain form?
  • Understanding pheromones: how do they affect humans?
  • Explain what atoms are made of.
  • Ionic and covalent compounds: a comparison.
  • How do you solve stoichiometry problems?
  • Give an overview of the states of matter.
  • A delicate balance: how do chemicals in our brains create moods?
  • Describe the noble gas configuration.
  • Marie Curie and her extraordinary legacy.
  • An introduction into acids and bases.
  • Write about hydrologic cycles.
  • What happens when a substance oxidizes?
  • Explain substitution reactions.
  • Compare the Bohr model with the plum-pudding and the Saturnian models.
  • How does a Geiger counter work?
  • Describe the significance of Rutherford’s gold foil experiment.
  • How Michael Faraday forever changed the scientific landscape.
  • What does Prout’s hypothesis state?
  • The history of european alchemy.
  • What are the periodic trends?
  • Explain how to analyze amino acids using protein hydrolysis.
  • What do catalysts do?
  • Everything about lab safety.
  • The radium craze of the early 20th century.
  • How does substance abuse impact your body?
  • Why is it essential to study chemistry in high school?
  • Reaction rates: how do we define them?
  • Before chemistry: ancient philosophy of things changing. 
  • Examine how radioactive decay occurs.

🧑🥼 Chemistry Projects Topics for Science Fair

Experiments are, without a doubt, the most fun part of chemistry. It’s exciting to watch colorful substances fizzle and bubble. If you need ideas for your next project, look no further. Just make sure to follow safety rules!

  • Discover what determines the color changes when iodine and starch react. 
  • Find out how to make photosynthesis visible.
  • Try to synthesize Aspirin.
  • Develop film and explain how you did it.
  • Fiddle a wire through an ice cube without drilling holes.
  • Assess the quality of water and find out what contaminates it.

Catalysts increase chemical reactions.

  • Extract plant oil and study its properties.
  • Observe what happens if you dye wool with different colors.
  • Learn how to make a solution change color.
  • Determine the amount of caffeine in various sorts of tea.
  • How do you produce biogas or liquid from organic waste?
  • Analyze the contents of your toothpaste. Can you find any health hazards?
  • Make a water filter from scratch.
  • Why does lemon juice stop apples from browning?
  • Make a safe smoke bomb.
  • Document the process of growing crystals.
  • Identify the pollutants in the air around you.
  • What makes a flame change color?
  • Biometric technologies: how do they work? 
  • Study invisible ink. What makes it disappear?
  • Wine: how do its chemical compounds relate to its taste?
  • Emulsions: how to make and break them.
  • Compare the effectiveness of different vegetable oils in biodiesel manufacturing.
  • Assess the residue of pesticides in vegetables from various markets.
  • Measure the density of soft drinks. How does sugar affect it?
  • Conductivity: what types of solutions are the best electrical conduits?
  • Food and science: how much energy do nuts and chips produce when burned?
  • Analyze your hair and check for nutrients.
  • Examine what soap needs to foam properly.
  • Change a penny’s color to gold.

🤔 Advanced Chemistry Topics for an Essay

Once you’ve mastered chemistry’s fundamental concepts, you’re ready for the advanced part. Here, you will explore topics such as kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics. Consult our list for 30 interesting advanced chemistry topics:

  • Polymers: what do we use them for?
  • How do spectroscopes work?
  • What chemical information can we find in meteorites?
  • Spectroscopy and its many applications.
  • Schrödinger’s Cat: what did it reveal about radioactive decay?
  • Examine the properties of imino-disaccharides.
  • The importance of carbohydrate-protein interactions in immunology.
  • CRISPR: how does it work?
  • Compare the types of noncovalent bonding.
  • Investigate how molecular recognition can be produced synthetically.
  • Describe the impact of nanotechnology.
  • How does nanoscience change our lives?
  • What does Le Châtelier’s principle state?
  • CBD: what advantages does it have?
  • What causes a chemical process to result in equilibrium?
  • Compare the types of equilibrium.
  • BPA : how toxic is it?
  • Behavior of ideal vs. non-ideal gases.
  • Magnetism and coordination compounds.
  • The principles of molecular orbital theory.
  • Why do certain compounds not exist?
  • How does water recycling work?
  • Cloud seeding: when is it useful?
  • What causes the weather to change?
  • Why do some plants rely on photosynthesis more than others?
  • Describe the properties of hydrogen.
  • Explain the connection between collision theory and concentration.
  • How do the ab initio methods work?
  • Chemistry and the brain: impact of neurotransmitters. 
  • Examine the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia.

🦠 Biochemistry Topics to Research

Have you ever wondered what chemical processes happen inside living organisms? Here’s an example: when we breathe, we inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. Biochemistry combines biology and chemistry to find out how life works on a molecular level. It’s a life science that deals with the cells, proteins, and lipids that form the core of every being. Clinical research highly benefits from biochemical knowledge.

  • Explain enzyme inhibitors and their mechanisms.
  • What are the benefits of epigenetics?
  • Enzyme activity: how can you regulate it?

Peter Atkins quote.

  • Understanding the role of lipase in pathophysiological processes.
  • The chemical processes behind metabolism.
  • Amino acids: industrial applications.
  • Consequences of a protein deficiency.
  • Dietary supplements: help or hazard?
  • How does the Citric Acid Cycle work?
  • Glycolysis : how does it convert glucose?
  • How do solutes move through biological membranes?
  • Explain the sodium-potassium pump.
  • Describe networks and alliances of the biotechnology industry.
  • How does the body react to chlorine exposure?
  • Cells gone rogue: the origins of cancer. 
  • Investigate the functions of hormones.
  • How can we develop new vaccines?
  • Discuss the ethics of stem cell research.
  • The legacy of Dolly the sheep.
  • SCNT: process and applications.
  • What are the chemical compounds of blood? 
  • How do you treat hemophilia?
  • The development of prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes.
  • Discuss the cloning of a DNA fragment and Southern blotting.
  • How does oxidative phosphorylation synthesize ATP?
  • Compare the three types of crystallography.
  • Copying DNA: the principles of PCR.
  • How does recombination repair work?
  • What causes redoximorphic features in various soils?
  • Obtaining protein structures with x-ray crystallography.

🧬 Organic Chemistry Topics for Papers

Organic chemistry serves as the foundation for biochemistry. It is centered on carbon, which is essential to life. Carbon often bonds with other elements as well as itself. That’s what makes it the basis for all organic structures.

  • Describe the properties of a chiral molecule.
  • Atmospheric chemistry: methods and observations.
  • Write about antioxidant potency of polyphenol-rich beverages.
  • Enantiomers and the Fischer projection practice.
  • Investigate possible relationships between stereoisomers.
  • What are the benefits of chemoenzymatic synthesis?
  • Explore the history of vitalism.
  • The production of chemicals using carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions.
  • Hydrocarbon: types and reactions.
  • Examine the four essential types of organic compounds.
  • How do free-radical reactions work?
  • Pathogens: infection cycle and disinfection methods.
  • Give examples of esters in everyday life.
  • How do you turn alcohols into alkyl halides?
  • Mechanisms of aerosol formation.
  • Recent discoveries in molecular tuning.
  • Chemical warfare: the dark side of organic chemistry.
  • What makes a plant poisonous?
  • What makes aromatic compounds unreactive?
  • Phosgene: what makes it toxic?
  • Explain the mechanism of the Diels-Alder Reaction.
  • Alpha carbon reactions: when do aldol condensations occur?
  • How do you identify organic compounds using infrared spectroscopy?
  • Bonds as springs: the mechanical molecular model.
  • Antibiotic resistance: causes and effects.
  • Identify factors that influence proton chemical shifts.
  • What does the electron dot structure show?
  • The properties and reactions of functional groups.
  • What defines a compound as aromatic?
  • How do you name amines?

♻️ Green Chemistry Topics to Write About

If you’re concerned with sustainability, green chemistry is your area of choice. It finds ways to make chemical products less harmful to the environment. Research is done at every stage, from the product’s design to its disposal.

  • How do you prevent pollution?
  • What do you do with toxic waste?
  • Discuss the twelve principles of green chemistry.
  • Source reduction: what are the most effective ways?
  • Biomimicry: is it the best way to sustainability?
  • Eco-friendly packaging and its issues.
  • Compare the effectiveness of various materials used in solar cells.
  • What are the advantages of molar efficiency?
  • Ionic liquids: are they the future of eco-friendly reagents?
  • The U.S. acid rain program: pros and cons. 
  • How can the toxicity of paint be reduced?
  • Innovative ways to avoid pesticides in agriculture.
  • What are the types of bio-based renewable feedstocks?
  • Are bioplastics beneficial for the environment?
  • How do metathesis reactions help reduce greenhouse gas emissions?
  • Computer chips: how do we make them more sustainable?
  • Alternative energies: making fuel from chicken feathers.
  • Is carbon capture effective?
  • Will cultivated meat become a green alternative to traditional farming?
  • How does the Plantrose process work?
  • Discuss the petroleum products problem in the U.S.
  • What are efficient ways to extract and use critical elements more
  • How efficient is artificial photosynthesis?
  • What are the best ways to remove carbon pollution?
  • Electrocatalysis as a way to generate and consume fuels.
  • Discuss the most pressing issues in green chemistry today.
  • How does LCA work?
  • What are efficient ways to extract and use critical elements more sustainably?
  • Recycling and recovery of plastic. 
  • Describe the advantages of Levulinc Acid use.
  • How can we make nuclear energy more viable?

⚗️ Inorganic Chemistry Topics for a Paper

Metals and minerals are parts of inorganic chemistry. Scientists in this field want to understand the behavior and properties of inorganic compounds. Practical uses include the manufacturing of fertilizers, adhesives, and coatings.

Inorganic Chemistry.

  • What are the types of nucleosynthesis?
  • In which ways are chemicals able to bond?
  • How does molecular symmetry predict the chemical properties of a molecule?
  • Vibrational spectroscopy: what is it used for?
  • Discuss the importance of inorganic compounds in biochemistry.
  • The history of atomic theory: an overview.
  • Hematite: matter and mineral. 
  • The peculiarities of hydrogen bonds and polarity.
  • What are the uses of point groups in inorganic chemistry?
  • Determine the factors that impact Brønsted-Lowry acidity.
  • How does HSAB explain reaction mechanisms?
  • What is lattice energy, and how can you measure it?
  • How do you use coordination compounds as catalysts?
  • Red Ferrosols: soil management issues. 
  • Examine the drawbacks of the crystal field theory.
  • Define the selection rules for vibrational transitions.
  • What is the most effective way to grow synthetic diamonds?
  • How do you use the angular overlap model?
  • Explain ligand effects.
  • The magnetic properties of transition metal oxides.
  • Gold: how does it serve medicine?
  • The use of chemistry in jewelry manufacturing.
  • How does the chemical structure of a gemstone determine its color?
  • Alexandrite: what makes it so unique?
  • How do ligand substitution reactions work?
  • Determine the properties of the light types.
  • What are the fundamental laws of photochemistry?
  • What causes phosphorescence?
  • Alloys: what are their benefits?
  • The history of brass and its usage.

⚛️ Nuclear Chemistry Topics for an Essay

You’ve probably been x-rayed before. It means you’ve been exposed to radiation. Nuclear chemistry seeks to understand radioactivity-related processes. One of atomic science’s most critical problems is the disposal of radioactive waste.

  • How do you calculate an element’s half-life?
  • Compare the three different types of radiation.
  • What are the common uses of radioactive elements?
  • How do we know that a nucleus is stable?
  • Fukushima and Chernobyl disasters: a comparison. 
  • How do elements transmute in the process of nuclear fission?
  • Cold fusion: will it ever be possible?
  • Radiation: how does it harm biological systems?
  • Describe the types of decay.
  • Nuclear waste: reprocessing, disposal, and transportation. 
  • How is nuclear chemistry used in medicine?
  • Ways to destroy toxic organic compounds using irradiation.
  • Interactions between water and radioactive elements.
  • How are chemosensors used in radiation chemistry?
  • What are the biological applications of radiochemistry?
  • The nuclear fuel cycle: managing the disposal of nuclear fuel.
  • Discuss reactive hazards in the chemical industry.
  • Compare the efficiency of different extraction methods.
  • Fission products and surfaces: what happens when 9TcO2 gets in contact with steel?
  • Isotopic chemistry: what distinguishes it from nuclear chemistry?
  • Explore the history of NMR.
  • Henri Becquerel and the discovery of radioactivity.
  • The relevance of hydrogen in nuclear fusion.
  • What causes radioactivity?
  • The adverse effects of ionizing vs. non-ionizing radiation.
  • Why are some people skeptical about the term “nuclear?”
  • The Big Bang: how did it create the Universe as we know it?
  • Discuss the unsuccessful efforts in nuclear arms control. 
  • How does radiocarbon dating work?
  • Mass spectrometry: ionization techniques.

🧮 Analytical Chemistry Topics for Essays

The matter comes in all forms and shapes. It can be a compound or a single element. If you want to know how matter is structured, analytical chemistry has the answer. Scientists of this branch ensure that our food and other products are safe to consume.

  • How does activation analysis work?
  • Why is analytical chemistry important for the environment?
  • How do you find iron in a mixture of metals?
  • What are the ways to measure the amount of a specific substance in a compound?

Radium.

  • Identifying hazardous substances in cheese.
  • A simple way to separate chemical compounds: gas chromatography.
  • Aspirin vs. Ibuprofen: comparing the chemical mechanisms of pain relievers.
  • Genetically modified foods and their impact on human health.
  • Food allergies: where do they come from?
  • The best techniques for quantitative chemical analysis.
  • What are the standard techniques to measure the endpoint of a titration?
  • Mass-based analysis: gravimetric analysis.
  • How do you neutralize WVO?
  • Drug safety approach in administration and nursing. 
  • Describe the three types of electroanalytical methods.
  • How do you measure temperature using a calorimeter?
  • Understanding thermodynamics: the Carnot cycle.
  • The process of analyzing salt.
  • How do you identify the shelf life of a medicine?
  • Ways to find adulterants in drugs.
  • Compare the healthiness of bottled water based on its chemical compounds.
  • How can you test cholesterol in blood samples?
  • Examine how analytical chemistry is used in forensic science.
  • What are the advantages of spectrochemical methods?
  • How do you detect pesticides using immunoassays?
  • Miniaturization: how does it advance analytical chemistry?
  • Capillary Liquid Chromatography: an overview.
  • Immunochemistry: applications in environmental analysis.
  • The development of analytical technology in the past 20 years.
  • Explain how to determine PAH sources in soil.

🧪 Physical Chemistry Topics for Papers

Is chemistry not enough for you? Try combining it with physics! For physical chemists, it is crucial to understand how molecules and atoms act. They use various models to study the structure and behavior of these tiny particles.

  • Explain how to determine an atom’s electron configuration.
  • Describe the structure of an atom.
  • Isotopes: why do they exist?
  • What is the Time-of-Flight principle?
  • How do you calculate the mass of an atom?
  • Define successive ionization energies.
  • What are the gas laws?
  • Equation of state: ideal vs. real gases.
  • Explain why the Earth is considered a closed thermodynamic system.
  • What is the Avogadro constant?
  • The difference between empirical and molecular formulae.
  • Calculating percentage yields: balanced equations.
  • How do intermolecular forces affect the melting point of a substance?
  • What are the four types of crystal structures?
  • Define the types of forces that exist between molecules.
  • Explain how to relate the melting point and conductivity of a substance to their type of structure.
  • What is fire in terms of chemistry and thermodynamics?
  • Reasons why molecules with polar bonds might not have a permanent dipole.
  • How do internal combustion engines work?
  • Endothermic or exothermic? Determining enthalpy change.
  • What are the applications of Hess’s law?
  • Explain the use of mean bond enthalpy.
  • When does a collision not cause a reaction?
  • How does temperature affect the reaction rate?
  • How do catalysts work?
  • Describe what Born-Haber cycles are used for.
  • Explore the history of thermochemistry.
  • Give examples of quasi-static processes.
  • The study of chaos: calculating entropy.
  • When is a reaction reversible?

We hope that you found a topic you like. Now good luck with your essay!

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Playtime: using cheap and cheerful models effectively

Eleanor Clapp

  • No comments

Try these teacher-tested tips and ideas to engage learners when teaching atomic structure and radioactive decay

No one has ever seen inside an atom, so to understand atoms in the classroom, students build models and draw diagrams. Using playdough to build atomic structures is cheap, colourful and tactile, which makes it fun and engaging for learners.

Playdough recipe

  • one cup of flour
  • two teaspoons of cream of tartar
  • half a cup of salt
  • one tablespoon of vegetable oil
  • one cup of water
  • food colouring – gel colours work best

Put everything into a microwaveable bowl and mix well. Microwave on high for 30 seconds, then mix again. Keep repeating this step. Be patient, because after the first couple of minutes you get a lumpy mess. Keep going and eventually it will come together. One last 30 seconds will ensure it is firm and not sticky. Leave the playdough to cool before storing in an airtight tub.

While playdough is generally safe, consider if any students have gluten allergies and provide an alternative modelling material. Two or three quantities of the above mixture are enough for a class of 30 to build model atoms in small groups.

I first used playdough to get pairs of 12 year-olds creating models of atoms. I gave them a small amount of playdough in two different colours and a slip of paper with the details of an element from the periodic table – the first three periods work well as anything bigger than argon gets unwieldy. I wanted to see if the students understood the difference between atomic number and mass number and if they could work out the correct number of neutrons and electrons. I told the pairs to use the same colour for protons and electrons (charged particles) so it was clear which were the neutrons.

Using this approach, you can see what students are thinking as they work and identify any misconceptions or confusion. You can then provide feedback on the spot or identify class-wide ideas you need to revisit. For example, after I had a quick discussion with one group about why electrons aren’t included in the mass number, they changed their model’s electron size.

Building understanding

You can develop this activity by asking learners to guess which element other groups have built by looking at their atomic model. Can they find the correct atom in the periodic table by counting the numbers of subatomic particles and identifying the atomic (not mass) number?

High school students with pens and paper looking at balls of play dough laid out in the shape of an atom

Source: © Eleanor Clapp

Playdough is great for reviewing atomic structure and building on learners’ prior knowledge to identify ions and isotopes

Dig out the playdough when revisiting atomic structure with your 14–16 learners. Get them to draw electron shells with whiteboard pens and populate them with electrons. Can they build ions and identify each other’s models? Can they build isotopes – what changes and what doesn’t?

Playdough modelling lends itself well to demonstrating processes that change. I have used it to model alpha and beta nuclear decay, as learners often find it confusing to work out where the radioactivity is coming from. For example, students used playdough models to move nucleons from one side of a nuclear equation to the other to work out the unknown product of alpha decay.

Students also swapped a neutron from an oxygen atom for a proton and an electron to show that the electron (beta particle) is emitted from the nucleus in beta decay and not the outer shell.

A board with play dough balls showing how a neutron breaks into a proton and a electron

Use mini whiteboards to speed up clearing the models away and understanding of beta minus decay

There are drawbacks to using playdough. Students will be tempted to play with it and it will get stuck in crevices, trodden into the floor, made into other models or just disappear. You can mitigate these potential issues by giving clear instructions and expectations. You will know how best to manage your own practical classes.

Get learners to build on mini whiteboards as this will help to limit how big they build the atoms. You can also move the models to a visualiser and easily wipe down whiteboards if the dough gets sticky.

Having something to play with engages less confident learners and allows them to access the activity until you can work with them one to one. Enjoy modelling!

More modelling ideas 

Explore these additional teaching ideas that use readily-available resources to model chemical concepts.

  • Use plasticine to model ionic bonds in your classroom.
  • Teach students to  model periodicity  with materials they have in their homes.
  • Get students out of their seats and working with their hands to teach polymerisation and fractional distillation .
  • Build understanding of atomic structure at 11–14  to help learners focus on higher-order thinking skills and achieve later on in school.

Eleanor Clapp

Find more modelling activities online: rsc.li/4chedkT

Eleanor Clapp

  • Atomic structure
  • Atoms and bonds
  • Elements and the periodic table
  • Nuclear chemistry and radioactivity

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  24. Model atomic structure with playdough

    You can then provide feedback on the spot or identify class-wide ideas you need to revisit. For example, after I had a quick discussion with one group about why electrons aren't included in the mass number, they changed their model's electron size. ... Ideas A sweet solution to extended questions. 2024-06-12T05:10:00Z By Louise Tomlinson ...

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