alternative sources of energy essay in english

IELTS Essay: Fossil Fuels and Alternative Energy

by Dave | Real Past Tests | 0 Comment

This is my IELTS writing task 2 sample answer essay on the topic of fossil fuels and alternative energy from the real IELTS exam.

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Fossil fuels are the main source of energy around the world today. In some countries, the use of alternative sources of energy is replacing fossil fuels. 

Is this a positive or negative development?

Many nations are now supporting the adoption of various energy alternatives in order to reduce fossil fuel consumption. In my opinion, though there may be short-term economic downsides, this is a decidedly positive development due to the implications on the environment generally.

Those who feel the sudden adoption of alternative energies is a negative point out the financial repercussions. There are economies around the world that are currently dependent on exporting fossil fuels, in particular in The Middle East, South America, and Eastern Europe. Many of these countries are still developing and have few other natural resources or industries that could replace a decline in the energy sector. The economic effects will extend far beyond exporters though. Both developed and developing nations ranging from The United States and Vietnam to China and Russia exploit oil for private vehicles and various industries. Substituting cheap oil for a more expensive alternative might result in economic catastrophe with wide-ranging repercussions.

However, the environmental effect is overwhelmingly more important for the long-term health of the planet. The economic results of less dependence on fossil fuels will cause short-term problems but the issues caused by climate change are also becoming a present reality. For instance, there has been a rise in the number of cataclysmic natural disasters related to rising ocean temperatures and deforestation. Even more troubling are the less noticed problems such as habitats being destroyed in remote areas like Antarctica and the Amazon Rainforest. Beyond the animals becoming endangered and extinct, it is only a number of years before human life is affected. This existential threat is the reason alternative energies are a pressing need.

In conclusion, despite the economic drawbacks of a sudden shift to alternative power sources, this reorientation will have a markedly positive long-term impact on the environment. Governments should therefore implement and bolster alternative energy initiatives.

1. Many nations are now supporting the adoption of various energy alternatives in order to reduce fossil fuel consumption. 2. In my opinion, though there may be short-term economic downsides, this is a decidedly positive development due to the implications on the environment generally.

• Paraphrase the overall essay topic.
• Write a clear opinion. Read more about introductions here .

1. Those who feel the sudden adoption of alternative energies is a negative point out the financial repercussions. 2. There are economies around the world that are currently dependent on exporting fossil fuels, in particular in The Middle East, South America, and Eastern Europe. 3. Many of these countries are still developing and have few other natural resources or industries that could replace a decline in the energy sector. 4. The economic effects will extend far beyond exporters though. Both developed and developing nations ranging from The United States and Vietnam to China and Russia exploit oil for private vehicles and various industries. 5. Substituting cheap oil for a more expensive alternative might result in economic catastrophe with wide-ranging repercussions.

• Write a topic sentence with a clear main idea at the end.
• Explain your main idea.
• Develop it with specific or hypothetical examples.
• Keep developing it fully.

1. However, the environmental effect is overwhelmingly more important for the long-term health of the planet. 2. The economic results of less dependence on fossil fuels will cause short-term problems but the issues caused by climate change are also becoming a present reality. 3. For instance, there has been a rise in the number of cataclysmic natural disasters related to rising ocean temperatures and deforestation. 4. Even more troubling are the less noticed problems such as habitats being destroyed in remote areas like Antarctica and the Amazon Rainforest. 5. Beyond the animals becoming endangered and extinct, it is only a number of years before human life is affected. 6. This existential threat is the reason alternative energies are a pressing need.

• Write a new topic sentence with a new main idea at the end.
• Explain your new main idea.
• Include specific details and examples.
• Add as much information as you can and make sure it links logically.
• Finish the paragraph strong.

1. In conclusion, despite the economic drawbacks of a sudden shift to alternative power sources, this reorientation will have a markedly positive long-term impact on the environment. 2. Governments should therefore implement and bolster alternative energy initiatives.

• Summarise your main ideas.
• Include a final thought. Read more about conclusions here .

What do the words in bold below mean? Make some notes on paper to aid memory and then check below.

Many nations are now supporting the adoption of various energy alternatives in order to reduce fossil fuel consumption . In my opinion, though there may be short-term economic downsides , this is a decidedly positive development due to the implications on the environment generally.

Those who feel the sudden adoption of alternative energies is a negative point out the financial repercussions . There are economies around the world that are currently dependent on exporting fossil fuels , in particular in The Middle East, South America, and Eastern Europe. Many of these countries are still developing and have few other natural resources or industries that could replace a decline in the energy sector . The economic effects will extend far beyond exporters though . Both developed and developing nations ranging from The United States and Vietnam to China and Russia exploit oil for private vehicles and various industries. Substituting cheap oil for a more expensive alternative might result in economic catastrophe with wide-ranging repercussions .

However, the environmental effect is overwhelmingly more important for the long-term health of the planet . The economic results of less dependence on fossil fuels will cause short-term problems but the issues caused by climate change are also becoming a present reality . For instance, there has been a rise in the number of cataclysmic natural disasters related to rising ocean temperatures and deforestation . Even more troubling are the less noticed problems such as habitats being destroyed in remote areas like Antarctica and the Amazon Rainforest. Beyond the animals becoming endangered and extinct , it is only a number of years before human life is affected. This existential threat is the reason alternative energies are a pressing need .

In conclusion, despite the economic drawbacks of a sudden shift to alternative power sources , this reorientation will have a markedly positive long-term impact on the environment. Governments should therefore implement and bolster alternative energy initiatives .

For extra practice, write an antonym (opposite word) on a piece of paper to help you remember the new vocabulary:

supporting helping

adoption of various energy alternatives use cleaner energies

reduce fossil fuel consumption use less fuel/oil

short-term economic downsides right now how it hurts the economy

decidedly positive development due to definitely good change because

implications results, what happens after

Those who feel the sudden adoption of alternative energies is a negative point out people in favor of more alternative energies argue

financial repercussions economic results

economies finances in a country

currently dependent right now reliant on

exporting fossil fuels sending oil abroad

in particular especially

few other natural resources or industries not many other sources of money

replace a decline in the energy sector substitute a drop in energy-related businesses

extend far beyond exporters though go far past the countries sending out oil

ranging from … to … and … including

exploit oil take advantage of fuel, petrol

private vehicles cars, motorbikes, etc.

Substituting … for changing for

economic catastrophe hurts finances a lot

wide-ranging repercussions effects on lots of areas

overwhelmingly very strong

long-term health of the planet the environment in the future

less dependence on fossil fuels not as reliant on oil

cause short-term problems hurt right now

present reality how the situation is now

rise increase

cataclysmic natural disasters related to rising ocean temperatures really bad storms caused by hotter seas

deforestation cutting down forests

Even more troubling are in fact much worse is

less noticed problems not as apparent issues

habitats where animals live

remote areas places far from cities

Beyond past

endangered not many left

extinct all gone

existential threat risk to their existence

pressing need really important now, an emergency

despite the economic drawbacks of a sudden shift to alternative power sources regardless of the financial downsides of a change to cleaner energy

reorientation shift

markedly positive long-term impact on definitely good for the future effect on

implement put in place

bolster support

initiatives efforts

Pronunciation

Practice saying the vocabulary below and use this tip about Google voice search :

səˈpɔːtɪŋ   əˈdɒpʃᵊn ɒv ˈveərɪəs ˈɛnəʤi ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪvz   rɪˈdjuːs ˈfɒsl ˈfjuːəl kənˈsʌmpʃᵊn   ʃɔːt-tɜːm ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk ˈdaʊnˌsaɪdz   dɪˈsaɪdɪdli ˈpɒzətɪv dɪˈvɛləpmənt djuː tuː   ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃᵊnz   ðəʊz huː fiːl ðə ˈsʌdn əˈdɒpʃᵊn ɒv ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv ˈɛnəʤiz ɪz ə ˈnɛɡətɪv pɔɪnt aʊt   faɪˈnænʃəl ˌriːpɜːˈkʌʃᵊnz   iˈkɒnəmiz   ˈkʌrəntli dɪˈpɛndənt   ɛksˈpɔːtɪŋ ˈfɒsl ˈfjuːəlz   ɪn pəˈtɪkjələ   fjuː ˈʌðə ˈnæʧrəl rɪˈsɔːsɪz ɔːr ˈɪndəstriz   rɪˈpleɪs ə dɪˈklaɪn ɪn ði ˈɛnəʤi ˈsɛktə   ɪksˈtɛnd fɑː bɪˈjɒnd ɛksˈpɔːtəz ðəʊ   ˈreɪnʤɪŋ frɒm  …  tuː  …  ænd  … ˈɛksplɔɪt ɔɪl   ˈpraɪvət ˈvɪəkᵊlz   ˈsʌbstɪtjuːtɪŋ  …  fɔː   ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk kəˈtæstrəfi   waɪd-ˈreɪnʤɪŋ ˌriːpɜːˈkʌʃᵊnz   ˌəʊvəˈwɛlmɪŋli   ˈlɒŋtɜːm hɛlθ ɒv ðə ˈplænɪt   lɛs dɪˈpɛndəns ɒn ˈfɒsl ˈfjuːəlz   kɔːz ʃɔːt-tɜːm ˈprɒbləmz   ˈprɛzᵊnt riˈæləti   raɪz   ˌkætəˈklɪzmɪk ˈnæʧrəl dɪˈzɑːstəz rɪˈleɪtɪd tuː ˈraɪzɪŋ ˈəʊʃən ˈtɛmprɪʧəz   dɪˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃᵊn   ˈiːvən mɔː ˈtrʌbᵊlɪŋ ɑː   lɛs ˈnəʊtɪst ˈprɒbləmz   ˈhæbɪtæts   rɪˈməʊt ˈeərɪəz   bɪˈjɒnd   ɪnˈdeɪnʤəd   ɪksˈtɪŋkt   ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃəl θrɛt   ˈprɛsɪŋ niːd . dɪsˈpaɪt ði ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk ˈdrɔːbæks ɒv ə ˈsʌdn ʃɪft tuː ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv ˈpaʊə ˈsɔːsɪz   ˌriːˌɔːriɛnˈteɪʃᵊn   ˈmɑːkɪdli ˈpɒzətɪv ˈlɒŋtɜːm ˈɪmpækt ɒn   ˈɪmplɪmənt   ˈbəʊlstə   ɪˈnɪʃɪətɪvz  

Vocabulary Practice

I recommend getting a pencil and piece of paper because that aids memory. Then write down the missing vocabulary from my sample answer in your notebook:

Many nations are now s___________g the a_____________________________________s in order to r___________________________n . In my opinion, though there may be s________________________s , this is a d _______________________________________ o the i ____________ s on the environment generally.

T _______________________________________________________________________________ t the f_____________________s . There are e_____________s around the world that are c_________________t on e______________________________s , i_______________r in The Middle East, South America, and Eastern Europe. Many of these countries are still developing and have f___________________________________s that could r__________________________________________r . The economic effects will e ________________________________ h . Both developed and developing nations r______________m The United States and Vietnam t___ China a___d Russia e______________l for p___________________s and various industries. S_______________g cheap oil f___r a more expensive alternative might result in e_______________________e with w__________________________s .

However, the environmental effect is o_____________________y more important for the l___________________________________t . The economic results of l_________________s will c_____________________________s but the issues caused by climate change are also becoming a p_________________y . For instance, there has been a r____e in the number of c______________________________________________________s and d ______________ n . E_______________________e the l________________________s such as h___________s being destroyed in r________________s like Antarctica and the Amazon Rainforest. B__________d the animals becoming e_____________d and e________t , it is only a number of years before human life is affected. This e_____________________t is the reason alternative energies are a p________________d .

In conclusion, d_____________________________________________________________________s , this r_____________n will have a m ______________________________ n the environment. Governments should therefore i____________t and b__________r alternative energy i____________s .

Listening Practice

Learn more about this topic by watching from YouTube below and practice with these activities :

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oIU5fFmDeSc&pp=ygUSYWx0ZXJuYXRpdmUgZW5lcmd5

Reading Practice

Read more about this topic and use these ideas to practice :

https://www.nationalgeographic.org/maps/alternative-energy-use/#:~:text=Alternative%20energy%20here%20includes%20hydroelectric,nuclear%20energy%2C%20and%20biomass%20energy.

Speaking Practice

Practice with the following speaking questions from the real IELTS speaking exam :

Environment

• How are environmental problems dealt with in your country?
• What can be done to make people recycle more often?
• What is the most pressing environmental problem?
• Is recycling a common practice in your country?
• Are governments or individuals more responsible?

Writing Practice

Practice with the related IELTS essay topics below:

The best way to solve the world’s environmental problems is to increase the cost of fuel for cars and other private vehicles.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

IELTS Essay: Fuel Costs

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Essay on Renewable Energy

Introduction to Renewable Energy

In the quest for a sustainable and environmentally conscious future, adopting renewable energy has emerged as a pivotal solution to mitigate the challenges posed by traditional fossil fuels. Take, for instance, the remarkable growth of solar power in countries like Germany, where the “Energiewende” policy has catapulted them to the forefront of green energy innovation. This transformative journey showcases the potential of harnessing solar energy as an alternative and a cornerstone for economic prosperity, reduced carbon emissions, and heightened energy security. As we delve into the world of renewable energy, it becomes evident that these innovations are key to shaping a cleaner, more resilient global energy landscape.

Importance of Transitioning to Renewable Sources

A sustainable future and resolving numerous global issues depend heavily on the switch to renewable energy sources. This shift is crucial for several reasons:

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• Environmental Preservation: Fossil fuel combustion contributes significantly to air and water pollution and climate change. Transitioning to renewables reduces greenhouse gas emissions, mitigates environmental degradation, and helps preserve ecosystems.
• Climate Change Mitigation: Renewable energy is a key player in mitigating climate change . Reducing greenhouse gas emissions, including carbon dioxide, is crucial to prevent catastrophic outcomes such as extreme weather events and rising sea levels.
• Energy Security: Wind and solar power, as renewable energy sources, provide a diverse and decentralized energy supply. This reduces dependence on finite and geopolitically sensitive fossil fuel reserves, enhancing energy security and resilience.
• Economic Opportunities: The renewable energy sector fosters job creation and economic growth. Investments in clean energy technologies stimulate innovation, create employment opportunities, and contribute to developing a robust and sustainable economy.
• Public Health Improvement: Transitioning away from fossil fuels decreases the release of harmful pollutants, leading to improved air and water quality. This, in turn, positively impacts public health by reducing respiratory illnesses and other pollution-related diseases.
• Resource Conservation: Unlike finite fossil fuel reserves, renewable sources are inherently sustainable and inexhaustible. By harnessing the power of sunlight, wind, water, and geothermal heat, societies can meet their energy needs without depleting limited natural resources.
• Technological Advancements: The transition to renewables drives innovation and technological advancements. Research and development in clean energy technologies contribute to a cleaner environment and the advancement of scientific knowledge and industrial capabilities.
• Global Cooperation: The shift to renewable energy encourages international collaboration to address shared challenges. Collaborative efforts in research, development, and the adoption of clean energy technologies can foster diplomatic ties and strengthen global cooperation.

Types of Renewable Energy

Sources naturally replenished on a human timescale, making them sustainable and environmentally friendly, derive renewable energy. Listed below are the main types of renewable energy:

• Solar Power: While solar thermal systems use sunshine to heat a fluid that produces steam to power turbines, photovoltaic cells use sunlight to convert light into energy.
• Wind Energy: Wind turbines are machines that use the wind’s kinetic energy to generate electricity through wind energy. When the wind rotates the turbine blades, a generator transforms that rotational energy into electrical energy. Onshore or offshore locations often host wind farms.
• Hydropower: Hydropower produces electricity by harnessing the energy of flowing water. Run-of-river systems divert a portion of a river’s flow, while dam-based hydropower involves the controlled release of stored water through turbines to generate power.
• Biomass Energy: Organic materials like wood, agricultural waste, and agricultural residues produce biomass energy. Biomass can produce heat, electricity, and biofuels through combustion or anaerobic digestion, offering a versatile energy source.
• Geothermal Energy: Geothermal energy taps into the Earth’s internal heat by harnessing steam or hot water beneath the Earth’s surface. Geothermal power plants convert this thermal energy into electricity, providing a consistent and reliable power source.
• Tidal Energy: Tidal energy harnesses the moon’s and sun’s gravitational pull to create electricity as the tides rise and fall. Utilizing underwater turbines allows tidal stream devices to capture the energy of the water’s flow.
• Wave Energy: Wave energy captures the motion of ocean waves to generate electricity. Wave energy converters, including point absorbers and oscillating water columns, convert waves’ up and down motion into usable power.
• Hydrogen Energy: Hydrogen, often considered a carrier of energy, can be produced through electrolysis using renewable electricity. It is a clean fuel for various applications, including transportation and industrial processes, emitting only water vapor when used.

Technological advancements

Technological breakthroughs have shaped the modern world, revolutionizing industries and elevating people’s standard of living. Several key areas highlight the profound impact of technology on society:

• Information Technology (IT): The evolution of IT has transformed communication, information access, and business operations. The development of the Internet, cloud computing , and mobile technologies has facilitated instantaneous global communication, d ata storage , and access to vast amounts of information.
• Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning: AI and ML have ushered in a new era of automation and decision-making capabilities. From autonomous vehicles to predictive analytics in healthcare, these technologies continue to enhance efficiency, accuracy, and problem-solving across various industries.
• Biotechnology: Advances in biotechnology have revolutionized healthcare, agriculture, and environmental conservation. Gene editing tools like CRISPR-Cas9 offer unprecedented possibilities in treating genetic disorders, while biotech applications in agriculture improve crop yield and resilience.
• Renewable Energy Technologies: Clean energy generation is now more economical and efficient thanks to renewable energy technology, including energy storage systems, wind turbines, and solar panels. These innovations are pivotal in addressing environmental challenges and promoting sustainable practices.
• Nanotechnology: Nanotechnology manipulates materials at the atomic or molecular level. Nanotechnology has transformed the fields of materials science, electronics, and medicine. As a result, scientists have created sophisticated materials with unique qualities, developed more compact and potent electrical devices, and improved medication delivery methods.
• 3D Printing: Layer-by-layer construction of three-dimensional items is possible with additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing. This technology utilizes diverse applications, from prototyping and manufacturing to healthcare, producing custom implants and prosthetics.
• Blockchain Technology: The decentralized and secure ledger technology known as blockchain powers cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin . Beyond finance, it finds applications in supply chain management , voting systems, and ensuring the integrity and transparency of various processes.
• Quantum Computing: Using the ideas of quantum mechanics, quantum computing can execute intricate calculations at a pace impossible for conventional computers. This can potentially revolutionize fields such as cryptography, optimization problems, and drug discovery.
• Internet of Things (IoT): The technology known as the Internet of Things (IoT) enables commonplace objects to be linked to the Internet and gather and share data. This interconnectedness enhances efficiency in smart homes, cities, and industries, optimizing resource utilization and overall productivity.
• Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR/VR): AR and VR technologies immerse users in virtual or augmented environments, transforming experiences in fields like gaming, education, healthcare, and training simulations.

Challenges and Solutions

Addressing the challenges posed by technological advancements, societal changes, and global issues requires proactive strategies and innovative solutions. Here are some main challenges and possible solutions:

• Cybersecurity Threats:
• Challenge: Due to the growing interconnectivity of systems and the dependence on digital technology, individuals and organizations are more vulnerable to cyber threats such as ransomware attacks and data breaches.
• Solution: Implementing robust cybersecurity measures, regular updates, and user education can help mitigate cyber risks. Collaboration between governments, industries, and cybersecurity experts is crucial for developing effective strategies.
• Privacy Concerns:
• Challenge: The collection and utilization of personal data by companies and governments raise concerns about privacy infringement.
• Solution: Implemented to safeguard people’s privacy rights, GDPR (the General Data Protection Regulation) and other stricter laws and policies exist. Innovations like privacy-enhancing technologies and decentralized identity solutions offer alternative approaches.
• Job Displacement Due to Automation:
• Challenge: Automation and artificial intelligence technologies can lead to job displacement and economic inequality.
• Solution: Reskilling and upskilling programs and focusing on education in emerging fields can prepare the workforce for the changing job landscape. Social policies like universal basic income (UBI) may provide a safety net during transitions.
• Environmental Degradation:
• Challenge: Industrial activities and resource exploitation contribute to environmental degradation, climate change, and biodiversity loss.
• Solution: Sustainable practices, renewable energy adoption, and circular economy principles can mitigate environmental impact. International cooperation and stringent environmental regulations also play a crucial role.
• Ethical Concerns in AI:
• Challenge: Ethical issues surrounding artificial intelligence include biased algorithms, lack of transparency, and potential misuse.
• Solution: Implementing ethical guidelines and standards for AI development, promoting transparency in algorithms, and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration on AI ethics can help address these concerns.
• Healthcare Access Disparities:
• Challenge: Access to quality healthcare is unique globally, with disparities exacerbated by factors such as geography and socioeconomic status.
• Solution: Telemedicine, mobile health applications, and innovative healthcare delivery models can improve access. International collaborations and investment in healthcare infrastructure can reduce disparities.
• Digital Inequality:
• Challenge: Not everyone has equal access to digital technologies, leading to disparities in education, economic opportunities, and social inclusion.
• Solution: Initiatives focusing on digital literacy, affordable internet access, and technology inclusion programs can bridge the digital divide. Governments and organizations can also invest in infrastructure to expand connectivity.
• Global Public Health Crises:
• Challenge: Events like pandemics can strain healthcare systems, disrupt economies, and create social upheaval.
• Solution: Preparedness plans, early warning systems, and international cooperation in research and resource allocation are crucial. Advances in biotechnology and data analytics can aid in swift responses.
• Ethical Use of Biotechnology:
• Challenge: Biotechnological advancements like gene editing raise ethical concerns about human enhancement and unintended consequences.
• Solution: Robust ethical frameworks, public engagement, and interdisciplinary dialogues involving ethicists, scientists, and policymakers can guide responsible biotechnological development.
• Energy Transition Challenges:
• Challenge: Shifting from traditional to renewable energy sources faces infrastructure, economic viability, and societal acceptance challenges.
• Solution: Government incentives, public awareness campaigns, and investment in research and development can accelerate the transition. Community involvement and stakeholder engagement are critical for successful adoption.

Global Initiatives and Policies

Global initiatives and policies play a pivotal role in shaping the trajectory of technological, economic, and environmental progress. These initiatives often reflect the collective effort of nations to address shared challenges and promote cooperation in various domains. Here are some notable global initiatives and policies:

• Paris Agreement: Global leaders reached a global agreement to keep the rise in temperature to less than 2°C above pre-industrial levels. Nations aim to enhance climate resilience while reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
• United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): The 17 goals address global issues, including poverty, inequality, and environmental sustainability. Goal 7 targets explicitly affordable and clean energy, promoting the transition to renewable sources.
• IRENA(International Renewable Energy Agency): An intergovernmental organization promoting the widespread use of renewable energy. IRENA facilitates cooperation among nations, provides policy advice, and supports capacity building for renewable energy projects.
• Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM): A forum bringing together energy ministers from various nations to promote clean energy policies, share best practices, and collaborate on initiatives to advance the global transition to low-carbon technologies.
• Mission Innovation: A global initiative involving 24 countries and the European Union, committed to doubling public investment in clean energy research and development over five years. It aims to accelerate innovation and make clean energy more affordable.
• European Green Deal: An ambitious EU policy framework aiming for climate neutrality by 2050. It describes plans to lower greenhouse gas emissions, support renewable energy, and completely revamp the European economy.
• Renewable Energy Policies at National Levels: Many countries have established specific policies and targets to promote renewable energy adoption. Examples include Germany’s Energiewende, India’s National Solar Mission, and China’s commitment to peak carbon emissions by 2030.
• Power Africa: An initiative by the U.S. government to increase access to electricity in sub-Saharan Africa. Its main objectives are to encourage investment in the region’s power sector and to facilitate the development of renewable energy projects.
• Global Geothermal Alliance: Launched at COP21, the alliance promotes geothermal energy deployment worldwide. It encourages collaboration between governments, development partners, and the private sector to harness the potential of geothermal resources.
• ESMAP (World Bank’s Energy Sector Management Assistance Program): ESMAP supports developing countries in building sustainable energy systems. It provides technical assistance, policy advice, and financial support for projects promoting renewable energy and energy efficiency.

Case Studies

• Germany’s Energiewende: Germany’s ambitious energy transition, known as Energiewende, aims to shift from conventional energy sources to renewable energy. The country has made significant investments in wind and solar energy, enacted energy-saving measures, and plans to phase out nuclear power. The Energiewende case study exemplifies the integration of renewables into the energy mix and the challenges of maintaining grid balance during this transition.
• China’s Renewable Energy Expansion: China has become a global leader in renewable energy deployment. The country has significantly invested in wind and solar energy projects, increasing capacity. The case study explores China’s policy incentives, market dynamics, and technological advancements that have facilitated its rapid expansion in the renewable energy sector.
• Denmark’s Wind Power Success: Denmark has been a pioneer in wind energy, with wind power contributing significantly to its electricity generation. The case study delves into Denmark’s wind energy policies, including favorable regulatory frameworks, community engagement, and advancements in wind turbine technology. It highlights the economic and environmental benefits of widespread wind power adoption.
• California’s Renewable Energy Leadership: In the US, California has used renewable energy. The state’s case study examines its aggressive renewable portfolio standards, innovative policies promoting solar power, and the role of technology companies in driving clean energy initiatives. California’s experience demonstrates the potential for subnational entities to lead in renewable energy transitions.
• Rural Electrification in India through Solar Power: India’s case study focuses on rural electrification efforts using solar power. Initiatives like the National Solar Mission and off-grid solar projects have brought electricity to remote areas, transforming lives and fostering economic development. The study explores the challenges faced and lessons learned in scaling up solar energy access in a diverse and populous country.
• Costa Rica’s Renewable Energy Achievement: Costa Rica stands out for achieving high levels of renewable energy generation, primarily from hydropower, wind, and geothermal sources. The case study examines the country’s commitment to environmental sustainability, policies promoting clean energy, and the role of hydropower in maintaining a reliable and renewable energy supply.
• South Australia’s Grid Transformation: South Australia’s case study illustrates its transition to a renewable energy-dominant grid. The state has faced challenges related to grid stability and intermittency but has also demonstrated successful integration of wind and solar power. The study delves into the policy measures, technological solutions, and lessons learned in South Australia’s journey toward a low-carbon energy system.
• Morocco’s Concentrated Solar Power Project: Morocco’s case study focuses on the Noor Ouarzazate Solar Complex, one of the world’s most significant concentrated solar power projects. The initiative aims to harness solar energy for electricity generation, reduce dependence on fossil fuels, and contribute to national energy security. The study explores the project’s technological innovations, financing models, and the impact on Morocco’s energy landscape.

Future Prospects

The future of energy holds exciting possibilities as technological advancements and evolving societal priorities shape the landscape. Several key prospects are likely to influence the trajectory of the global energy sector:

• Emerging Technologies: Ongoing research and development in renewable energy technologies will likely yield breakthroughs in efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and energy storage. Innovations such as advanced solar cells, next-generation wind turbines, and novel energy storage solutions will be crucial in shaping the future energy landscape.
• Tidal and Wave Energy: Tidal and wave energy, largely untapped at present, hold significant potential for sustainable power generation. As technologies mature, harnessing the kinetic energy of ocean tides and waves could contribute to a more diverse and reliable renewable energy mix.
• Advanced Solar Technologies: Continued advancements in solar technologies, including thin-film solar cells, tandem solar cells, and solar paint, are anticipated. These innovations aim to enhance the efficiency of solar energy capture and broaden its applications across various industries.
• Integration into Various Sectors: One of the most important aspects of the energy landscape of the future is integrating renewable energy into various sectors, including industrial processes and transportation. Electric vehicles, green hydrogen production, and sustainable manufacturing will likely gain prominence.
• Energy Transition in Developing Countries: A significant role in the global energy transition is expected to be played by developing countries. International collaborations, financial support, and technology transfer will empower these nations to leapfrog traditional fossil fuel-dependent phases of development and embrace cleaner energy solutions.
• Smart Grids and Energy Storage: Deploying smart power grids, in conjunction with advanced energy storage solutions, will simplify the integration of renewable energy resources in existing power systems. Battery technologies, grid-scale storage, and demand-response mechanisms will enhance grid reliability and flexibility.
• Decentralized Energy Systems: Decentralized energy systems, such as community microgrids and distributed energy resources, will likely become more prevalent. These systems empower communities to generate, store, and manage their energy locally, promoting resilience and energy independence.
• Circular Economy in Energy: The adoption of circular economy principles in the energy sector will gain traction, emphasizing resource efficiency, recycling, and waste reduction. This strategy seeks to mitigate the harmful consequences of energy production and consumption on nature.
• Policy and Regulatory Shifts: Governments worldwide are expected to implement more ambitious policies and regulations to accelerate the transition to renewable energy. Carbon pricing, renewable energy mandates, and incentives for sustainable practices will shape the regulatory environment.
• Global Collaboration: International cooperation and collaboration will be crucial for addressing global energy challenges. Shared research initiatives, technology transfer, and joint efforts to combat climate change will foster a collective approach to building a sustainable energy future.

The global shift towards renewable energy is pivotal in fostering a sustainable future. The imperative to mitigate climate change, ensure energy security, and promote economic prosperity underscores the significance of embracing clean technologies. The trajectory towards a low-carbon energy landscape becomes increasingly tangible as nations unite in initiatives like the Paris Agreement and implement robust policies. The successes of case studies from Germany to China demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of renewable energy adoption. By continuing to innovate, invest, and collaborate, humanity can unlock the full potential of renewable sources, ensuring a resilient and environmentally responsible energy paradigm for generations to come.

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Scientists have categorized climate change as the greatest threat facing humanity today. While there’s irrefutable evidence that our climate is warming up, scientists are divided on its probable causes, with some attributing it to anthropogenic origins and others claiming Earth’s orbital patterns, among myriads of hypotheses. Today, climatologists and other mainstream researchers float renewable energy as humanity’s silver bullet to fight climate change. The discussions around the topic have inspired interest among the young and the old, leading to increased enrolment in climate-related studies, participation in demos and campaigns, and sharing of knowledge in talk shows and online platforms. However, being passionate about renewable energy and sharing your insights with others are two different things. Many people struggle to express themselves. Yet, there’s no room for hesitation regarding climate change. We must all act now and play the small part we can to reverse it. As such, it’s crucial to understand the power of words in advocating for change as the world shifts towards more sustainable energy sources. In this short article, we’ll guide you in crafting a winning essay on renewable energy, exploiting the power of storytelling to capture people’s attention while highlighting the importance of taking immediate action to reverse its potential impacts on humanity.

Unlocking the Power of Words: Secrets to Writing about Energy

The internet is awash with essays and articles on various topics. In the last few years, climate change has become one of the most targeted topics of discussion. So, by writing another renewable energy essay, you could add to the debate but not make any significant impact. Therefore, it’s vital to create a well-crafted piece to convey your ideas and influence your audience effectively. Remember that the intention is not to add to the existing literature but to make a powerful impact. A poorly written essay may fail to engage your readers and diminish the significance of your message. Consider what’s at stake when writing a renewable energy essay.

To make your work stand out, pay special attention to writing mechanics such as coherence and persuasive techniques. Additionally, adhere to grammar and writing style requirements. Most importantly, stay on the topic. While climate change is an emotive issue, be careful not to be dragged into every aspect of the debate. Yours should be to communicate your ideas effectively and inspire action.

From Sun to Success: Tips to Write an Essay on Renewable Energy

Writing a renewable energy paper is unlike crafting other documents. The scrutiny such pieces get in today’s world is mind-boggling. A simple misrepresentation of facts or omission can attract incredibly unwanted attention. So, how do you create an impactful and persuasive piece of writing on this topic? We’ve got you covered. Below, we’ve put together some invaluable tips to help you harness the power of words to make a difference in the world of renewable energy.

Choosing the perfect topic

There are numerous topics under renewable energy to explore. It’s improbable to examine or discuss them all. Consequently, it would be best to settle for the one that interests you the most or addresses the most critical issues on the subject matter. Here are a few factors to consider when choosing a topic:   

Relevance: If it’s not germane, don’t write it. Your primary objective is to address current issues and developments in the field of renewable energy, ensuring your essay is timely and highlights essential concerns. We understand this can challenge some students, so we recommend seeking professional help. For example, you can use a trustworthy paper writing service , to help write your essay online or develop a topic.

Uniqueness: As we said earlier, you don’t want to add to existing literature but explore new ideas from different perspectives. Consider topics that stand out, especially those in niche areas or emerging technologies within renewable energy, e.g., wave and tidal power, solar skin technology, and floating solar farms, among others.

Passion : Don’t just write, do so about the things you love or are genuinely passionate about. Readers can always tell if you’re writing for money, attention, or interest. If you put your heart into it, your enthusiasm will shine through it and engage them.

Conduct thorough research

Thorough research is the backbone of any well-written essay. This is especially critical when crafting an essay on renewable energy. You must not only gather reliable and up-to-date information from credible sources but also use them expertly. But how can an amateur achieve this? Here are some tips:

Rely on credible sources: Libraries and online databases contain millions of books and articles about renewable energy. So, how can a student know reputable ones? Most often, academic journals and government reports are the most reliable. They contain information that’s been verified by peers. You can also check educational institutes and organizations that provide primary data, e.g., NASA and NSE.

Stay updated : Things can move very fast in the field of renewable energy. As such, you must always be alert or risk being left behind. Therefore, access the latest research on the topic and, if possible, subscribe to newsletters and publications on renewable energy. A rapidly evolving field requires unconventional ways to stay ahead.

Take notes : There could be so much to learn on this topic. However, always note new trends, emerging issues, and controversies. This way, you can update your essays long after writing them, keeping them relevant for longer.   

Structuring your essay for maximum impact

An essay is only as impactful as the structure of its arguments. You can’t go far with a haphazard essay design. You must adopt a well-structured format to convey your ideas clearly and effectively. This may not be as straightforward as it seems. So, here are a few considerations for you:

Introduction : Begin your article with a powerful and captivating paragraph outlining what it is about and the direction of your argument. Remember that a flat introduction can distract readers from an otherwise excellent essay.    

Main body : Divide the body of your essay into several paragraphs, each focusing on a specific aspect or argument related to renewable energy. Here, you’re supposed to produce evidence and dispute any divergent opinions with solid arguments. This is the core of your paper.

Conclusion : This section is no less important than the others. You should use it to summarize your main points and restate your thesis statement. Given the criticalness of the topic, you can sign off with a thought-provoking message that reinforces the importance of renewable energy and encourages action or further exploration of the subject.

Do Some Research to Craft an A+ Renewable Energy Essay

Any good English paper requires careful planning, thorough research, and effective writing techniques . However, when trading in extremely high-stakes zones, your writing ability becomes secondary. The accuracy of your claims comes first when crafting essays on renewable energy. Still, other components remain vital. Therefore, by choosing a compelling topic, conducting thorough research based on valid questions, structuring your essay for maximum impact, and utilizing persuasive language and credible sources, you can create a powerful piece of writing that inspires action and raises awareness about the importance of renewable energy.

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Argumentative Essay on Solar Energy

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renewable energy , usable energy derived from replenishable sources such as the Sun ( solar energy ), wind ( wind power ), rivers ( hydroelectric power ), hot springs ( geothermal energy ), tides ( tidal power ), and biomass ( biofuels ).

At the beginning of the 21st century, about 80 percent of the world’s energy supply was derived from fossil fuels such as coal , petroleum , and natural gas . Fossil fuels are finite resources; most estimates suggest that the proven reserves of oil are large enough to meet global demand at least until the middle of the 21st century. Fossil fuel combustion has a number of negative environmental consequences. Fossil-fueled power plants emit air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide , particulate matter , nitrogen oxides, and toxic chemicals (heavy metals: mercury , chromium , and arsenic ), and mobile sources, such as fossil-fueled vehicles, emit nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide , and particulate matter. Exposure to these pollutants can cause heart disease , asthma , and other human health problems. In addition, emissions from fossil fuel combustion are responsible for acid rain , which has led to the acidification of many lakes and consequent damage to aquatic life, leaf damage in many forests, and the production of smog in or near many urban areas. Furthermore, the burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), one of the main greenhouse gases that cause global warming .

In contrast, renewable energy sources accounted for nearly 20 percent of global energy consumption at the beginning of the 21st century, largely from traditional uses of biomass such as wood for heating and cooking . By 2015 about 16 percent of the world’s total electricity came from large hydroelectric power plants, whereas other types of renewable energy (such as solar, wind, and geothermal) accounted for 6 percent of total electricity generation. Some energy analysts consider nuclear power to be a form of renewable energy because of its low carbon emissions; nuclear power generated 10.6 percent of the world’s electricity in 2015.

Growth in wind power exceeded 20 percent and photovoltaics grew at 30 percent annually in the 1990s, and renewable energy technologies continued to expand throughout the early 21st century. Between 2001 and 2017 world total installed wind power capacity increased by a factor of 22, growing from 23,900 to 539,581 megawatts. Photovoltaic capacity also expanded, increasing by 50 percent in 2016 alone. The European Union (EU), which produced an estimated 6.38 percent of its energy from renewable sources in 2005, adopted a goal in 2007 to raise that figure to 20 percent by 2020. By 2016 some 17 percent of the EU’s energy came from renewable sources. The goal also included plans to cut emissions of carbon dioxide by 20 percent and to ensure that 10 percent of all fuel consumption comes from biofuels . The EU was well on its way to achieving those targets by 2017. Between 1990 and 2016 the countries of the EU reduced carbon emissions by 23 percent and increased biofuel production to 5.5 percent of all fuels consumed in the region. In the United States numerous states have responded to concerns over climate change and reliance on imported fossil fuels by setting goals to increase renewable energy over time. For example, California required its major utility companies to produce 20 percent of their electricity from renewable sources by 2010, and by the end of that year California utilities were within 1 percent of the goal. In 2008 California increased this requirement to 33 percent by 2020, and in 2017 the state further increased its renewable-use target to 50 percent by 2030.

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Alternative Sources of Energy: Definition, Types, Benefits & Limitations

Alternative Sources of Energy: We all know that energy can neither be created nor destroyed. We can only transform one form of energy into another. For example, the stored chemical energy of a cell is converted into light energy. The stored chemical energy of fossil fuels is converted into heat energy on burning them.

We all need energy for our daily activities. We obtain energy from natural resources like fossil fuels. Some of these natural resources are non-renewable and cannot replenish faster as we need them. The burning of fossil fuels causes many environmental issues like global warming and pollution. Nowadays, these resources are replaced by alternative sources of energy that replenish quickly and are eco-friendly. Let us learn more about alternative sources of energy in this article.

Alternative Sources of Energy Definition

Definition of Alternative Sources of Energy (Non-Conventional Sources of Energy): Alternative sources of energy are present in nature and can be replenished quickly. These are also known as non-conventional sources of energy. Alternative sources of energy do not use fossil fuels. They do not cause pollution and can be consumed over a long period without being exhausted.

Many renewable sources of energy come under the category of alternative sources or non-conventional sources of energy. For example, solar energy, wind energy, wave energy, and geothermal energy.

Types of Alternative Sources of Energy

The types of alternative sources of energy are explained below:

Wind Energy

The kinetic energy of high-speed winds is used to generate electricity by wind-powered generators. Windmills harness wind energy. A windmill consists of a tall pole on the top of which a fan-like structure is attached. This fan-like structure is called a wind turbine.

The force of high-speed winds makes the blades of the fan attached to the windmill rotate. The blades of the windmill are connected to the shaft of a generator, which also rotates with the movement of blades. This makes the generator produce electricity. A windmill is also used to lift water from a well. Wind energy is a renewable source of energy.

Hydroelectric Energy

In a hydroelectric power plant, the potential of stored water in a reservoir is converted into the kinetic energy of water. This kinetic energy of water is used to rotate the blades of the turbine connected to a generator. The rotating turbine drives the generator’s shaft, thereby converting the mechanical energy of the rotating shaft into electrical energy. It is also a renewable source of energy.

Solar Energy

Sun is the primary source of heat and light on the earth. The energy received by the earth from the sun is about \(1.4\) kilojoules per second per square meter, also known as the solar constant. Solar energy can be harnessed with the help of a solar cooker and solar cell. A solar cell is usually made of silicon that directly converts sunlight into electricity.

A typical solar cell produces a voltage of \(0.5\) to \(1\,\rm{V}\) and can produce about \(0.7\,\rm{W}\) of electricity. A solar panel consists of many solar cells. The electricity requirements of many households in remote areas are fulfilled by using solar panels. Street lights and traffic lights are also powered by solar energy. Solar cells are used in calculators.

A solar cooker is a device used to cook food. It consists of a box-like structure whose outer surface is painted black to absorb more heat, a thick sheet of glass to cover the food kept inside it, and a plane mirror reflector. The food to be heated is kept inside the box, and this box is kept in sunlight so that its reflector faces the sun. The mirror reflector reflects the sun rays to the glass sheet cover. The food absorbs the heat from the sun. Also, the thick glass sheet does not allow the loss of heat from the solar cooker to the surroundings.

Geothermal Energy

The heat energy of the earth’s interiors is known as geothermal energy. This energy is used to generate electricity. The trapped molten rocks in the region under the earth’s surface called hot spots heats the underground water. The steam produced by the hot water is allowed to rotate the blades of the turbines, which rotate the shafts of the generators connected to them.

Nuclear Energy

Nuclear energy is the most reliable source of energy. The fission of one uranium atom produces million times the energy produced by burning one atom of carbon from coal. Nuclear energy is produced by splitting the nucleus of a heavy atom into lighter nuclei. This process is called nuclear fission. It generates a large amount of energy that can be used to rotate generator turbines to produce electrical energy. In nuclear fission, the nucleus of uranium or plutonium is bombarded with low-energy neutrons.

Tidal Energy

Oceanic tides are the source of energy. Oceanic tides refer to the rise and fall of the water level of an ocean relative to coastal lines. Tides result from the gravitational force of the sun and moon on the earth. Energy can be harnessed from tides by constructing a dam across a delta. Turbines of generators are attached at the openings of these dams whose blades are rotated with the rise and fall in the ocean level, producing electricity.

Wave Energy

The kinetic energy of oceanic waves is used to produce electricity. These waves are caused by winds that blow across the sea. At a wave power station, chambers are constructed that trap seawater. These chambers have an opening at the top from which air is forced in and out when the water level rises or falls in the chamber. A generator turbine is fixed at these openings, which rotate with air movement, and the generator produces electricity.

Benefits of Using Alternative Sources of Energy

1. Alternative sources of energy do not use fossil fuels, so they do not produce greenhouse gas. 2. They are renewable. Therefore, they do not get exhausted by increasing their consumption. 3. The construction of dams for hydroelectricity helps in controlling floods. 4. The use of solar cookers and solar water heaters helps in saving fossil fuels. 5. They save money because once their power plants are set up, they only require maintenance.

Limitations of Renewable Sources of Energy

• 1. The initial installation of power plants is expensive. A large area of land is needed to set up wind energy farms (about \(2\) hectares area is required to set a wind energy farm for producing \(1\,\rm{MW}\) power). It can only be set up in areas where the minimum wind speed is about \(15\,{\rm{km}}/{\rm{h}}.\)
• 2. Many lands are submerged underwater while setting up a hydroelectric power plant and building a dam. It drastically affects aquatic life and wildlife. Methane gas is released when this submerged vegetation rots under anaerobic condition.
• 3. There are limited sites for setting up geothermal energy and tidal energy power plants.
• 4. Nuclear power plants produce radioactive wastes and radiation that can be a dangerous hazard if leaked accidentally.
• 5. The efficiency of renewable sources of energy like solar energy is low on a cloudy day.

From this article, we can conclude that alternative sources are the replacement of fossil fuels. They do not produce any pollution emissions and help in reducing global warming. Furthermore, these sources of energy are renewable because they are inexhaustible and cheap to operate and maintain.

FAQs on Alternative Sources of Energy

Q.1. What are the reliable alternative sources of energy? Ans: Nuclear power, hydroelectric power, solar energy and wind energy are the most reliable sources of energy. 

Q.2. What do you mean by alternative sources of energy? Ans: Alternative sources of energy are also known as non-conventional or renewable sources of energy. These sources of energy can never get exhausted and can be used endlessly. Alternative sources of energy reduce the undesirable effects of pollution caused by using fossil fuels.

Q.3. What are the disadvantages of alternative sources of energy? Ans: Some of the disadvantages of alternative sources of energy are as follows: 1. There are only limited sites for setting up power plants of alternative sources of energy. 2. The initial cost of establishing the power plants of alternative sources of energy are expensive. 

Q.4. What are renewable sources of energy? Ans: Sources of energy that are replenished faster than that at which they are consumed are called renewable sources of energy. They are inexhaustible energy sources—for example, wind, tide, hydropower and energy from the sun.

Q.5. What are the limitations of alternative sources of energy? Ans: The initial installation of power plants of alternative sources of energy is expensive. There are limited sites for setting up their power plants.

Q.6. What are the benefits of using alternative sources of energy? Ans: Alternative energy sources do not use fossil fuels, so they do not produce greenhouse gas. Alternative sources of energy are renewable. Therefore, they do not get exhausted by increasing their consumption. 

Q.7. What are some examples of alternative sources of energy? Ans: Tidal energy, wave energy, geothermal energy, solar energy, hydroelectric energy, nuclear energy, wind energy are some examples of alternative sources of energy.

Q.8. Are renewable and alternative sources of energy all the same? Ans: Yes, alternative energy sources and renewable energy sources are the same because these energy sources do not include fossil fuels and can be replenished faster on demand.

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Essay on Sources of Energy

Students are often asked to write an essay on Sources of Energy in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Sources of Energy

Introduction.

Energy is vital for our daily life. It powers our homes, schools, and cities. Energy comes from different sources, mainly classified into two categories: renewable and non-renewable.

Non-Renewable Energy

Non-renewable energy comes from sources that will run out or will not be replenished in our lifetimes. Examples include oil, natural gas, and coal. These sources are often used to generate electricity.

Renewable Energy

Renewable energy is from sources that never run out or are replenished quickly. Sunlight, wind, water, and geothermal heat are examples. These sources are environmentally friendly but require technology to harness.

Understanding energy sources helps us make informed choices. It’s important to support renewable energy for a sustainable future.

250 Words Essay on Sources of Energy

Energy is the driving force behind all natural and artificial phenomena. It is an indispensable resource in our daily lives, powering our homes, industries, and transportation. The sources of energy can be broadly classified into two categories: renewable and non-renewable.

Non-renewable Energy Sources

Non-renewable energy sources are finite and will eventually deplete. They include fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. These energy sources are primarily used for electricity generation and transportation. However, their usage results in harmful environmental impacts, including air pollution and climate change, due to the emission of greenhouse gases.

Renewable Energy Sources

Renewable energy sources, on the other hand, are inexhaustible and can be replenished naturally. They include solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass energy. Solar energy, harnessed through photovoltaic cells, is a clean and abundant source. Wind energy, captured by wind turbines, is another potent source, especially in coastal and high-altitude regions.

Hydro energy, derived from the kinetic energy of flowing or falling water, is a dominant renewable source, while geothermal energy, obtained from the Earth’s internal heat, is reliable and consistent. Biomass energy, generated from organic materials, can be a sustainable option if managed responsibly.

The transition from non-renewable to renewable energy sources is crucial for sustainable development. While non-renewable sources have been the backbone of our energy infrastructure, their environmental impacts necessitate a shift towards cleaner, renewable sources. This transition is not only an environmental imperative but also an opportunity for economic growth and energy security.

500 Words Essay on Sources of Energy

Non-renewable energy sources.

Non-renewable energy sources are those that do not replenish in a short time. They include fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. These energy sources are formed over millions of years from the remains of plants and animals. They are finite and their extraction and use lead to environmental pollution.

Coal, for instance, is used to generate electricity and in industrial processes requiring heat. Its extraction, however, often leads to environmental degradation and health hazards. Oil is used in transportation and manufacturing, but its extraction can lead to oil spills causing severe environmental damage. Natural gas, although cleaner than coal and oil, is still a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions.

Solar energy harnesses the power of the sun and converts it into electricity. It’s a clean, abundant source of energy, but its efficiency is affected by weather conditions and geographical location. Wind energy converts the kinetic energy of wind into electricity. It’s a clean and renewable source, but its effectiveness is dependent on wind speed and direction.

Hydropower uses the energy of flowing or falling water to generate electricity. It’s renewable and produces a significant amount of electricity, but it can disrupt aquatic ecosystems and requires significant infrastructure. Geothermal energy harnesses the heat from the earth’s crust to generate electricity. It’s a reliable and constant source of energy but its extraction can cause land instability.

The world’s energy needs are diverse and complex. Non-renewable energy sources have been the mainstay of our energy systems, but their environmental impact and finite nature necessitate a shift towards renewable energy sources. However, these too have their challenges. The future of energy therefore lies in a balanced mix of different energy sources, improved energy efficiency, and technological innovations that mitigate the downsides of each source. As we move towards a sustainable future, the understanding and exploration of these energy sources become more crucial than ever.

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Essay on Renewable Sources of Energy, Renewable Sources of Energy

Renewable sources of energy, types of renewable sources of energy.

By Sathyavathi

Essay on Renewable Sources of Energy: Can we imagine life without electricity, transport facilities, and cooking gas? All these have become absolute necessities. Behind these, we have fossil fuels: the one common factor that could send us back to caveman life.

So, what are fossil fuels?

Fossil fuels include coal, petroleum products, tar sands, bitumen, natural gas, etc. Fossil fuels were formed millions of years ago and it takes a very long time to replenish these resources. They were formed when dead plants, animals, and other carbon-containing microorganisms got buried deep under the Earth’s crust and were decomposed under non-aerobic conditions. As they got pushed under the Earth’s surface, they were subjected to heat and high pressure and were transformed as fuels like natural gas, and crude oil. Fossil fuels are a rich source of energy and can be used immediately to get convenient forms of energy like heat and light.

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We know that on our planet Earth, Sun is the source of all energy. The plants and certain microbes have the ability to utilize the Sun’s energy through the process of photosynthesis.

Thus, it is Sun’s energy that is stored in the plants and get transferred to animals when they consume plants as food. Now, fossil fuels are primarily derived from living organisms that don’t decay due to the absence of air.

So, all the energy in them gets retained and concentrated as they get compressed. Thus, fossil fuels are a rich source of energy.

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The downside with fossil fuels is that they are limited and cannot be formed within a human’s lifetime. Moreover, we are not completely aware of the level of heat and pressure they were exposed to.

The first commercial oil well came into existence only in the eighteenth century. But since then, we humans have exploited the energy-rich fuels. It has turned the fortunes of nations within a short span of time. Today eighty percent of our energy needs are met by fossil fuels only.

Though we continue to discover more resources, they are limited, and we cannot be dependent on them forever. Another major drawback of fossil fuels is the release of carbon dioxide upon their combustion. This carbon dioxide is the main contributing factor to global warming.

Therefore, we need to look for alternative sources of energy in order to combat global warming and reduce our dependence on fossil fuels.

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Renewable sources of energy

It might be surprising to know that resources such as solar power, wind, and water were utilized for human energy needs much earlier than fossil fuels were brought to use. In fact, sunlight was utilized first to make fire. Windmills and watermills were present in the days of kings and kingdoms. Until the middle of the 18th century, only renewable resources were available. They are known as renewable as they are present naturally on our planet and are inexhaustible when compared to fossil fuels.

Why the shift to renewable resources?

After 1950, with the concept of oil peaks, began a new drive towards renewable. Today carbon emissions, intolerable pollution levels, global warming, climate change, and energy security are related factors that are pushing us towards a cleaner and sustainable sources of energy.

Unstable situations in oil-rich nations of the Middle East, tensions between Russia and the West have increased the rates of fossil fuels. Fluctuations in the price of oil affect the economy of energy-dependent countries.

Therefore, renewable resources are not only clean and environment-friendly but are a must for the progress and economic stability of the country.

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Types of Renewable energy:

1. Solar Energy

The Sun is the main source of life on Earth. As early as the 2nd Century B.C., the Greeks and Romans had used mirrors to focus the Sun’s rays and lit torches and set fires. Solar cookers were invented in the middle of the 17th century and solar-powered engines came into existence in the 1860s.

Albert Einstein got a Nobel Prize for the photoelectric effect, which explained the emission of electrons when light falls on the surface material. By the 1950s photovoltaic cells were developed and solar-powered buildings came into existence.

Solar cells have been regularly used for powering satellites. Solar-powered cars are also in the experimental stage. Now in India, we have solar parks and farms owned by both public and private companies. We have a total installed capacity of 29.55 GW of solar energy as of 30th June 2019.

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2. Water Power

Ancient Persians and Chinese used water wheels for grinding flour, irrigation, and for sawing timber and stone. Today we have hydroelectric power plants across the world and utilize the force of water to produce electricity.

We also have tapped the potential of tidal waves to produce electricity from tides in oceans, rivers, and human-made canal systems. We can install tidal energy converters at locations with fast currents of water.

3. Wind Energy

Wind energy was first used to propel boats. By the 11th century, windmills were used for making flour in the Middle East region. During the 17th century, the Dutch developed large windmills to drain water from lakes canals. As per March 2019 data, the total wind power capacity was about 36.625 GW. Germany is the highest wind power producer and India comes fourth in the list.

4. Biomass Energy

We know that fossil fuels were formed out of biotic materials. Similarly, we can utilize the plant wastes, manure, and even animal dung to make fuel.

The fuel so obtained is known as biofuel. Another way is to directly process raw materials from plants, and process them to form fuel.

It has been successfully deployed in coming up with fuels like CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) and ethanol. We also have other forms of renewable energy such as Geothermal, Hydrogen energy, and Ocean Energy.

As of now, these resources do not contribute much and are highly location-specific. But still, we need to harness them wherever and whenever possible.

Renewable sources come with many limitations. They are not accessible all the time. So we need systems to store the energy obtained. We need to have a firm belief that a world without fossil fuels is not a utopia

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• Alternative Sources of Energy

Introduction to the World of Energy

Sources of energy are very important and we perform different day-to-day tasks with the help of energy. Can you imagine your life without sources of energy? It will be very difficult to survive and life will end. But from where is this energy obtained? Are these sources man-made or natural? Have you ever heard about the alternative sources of energy that are used other than the traditional sources of energy? Let’s discuss these.

People started looking for other energy sources in the late 1900s so they could heat their homes, light their homes, and power their vehicles. People worried that sources like coal, oil, and nuclear power were depleting. Waterpower, wind power, and solar power are examples of alternative energy sources. These and other non-depletable energy sources are referred to as green or renewable.

What are Alternative Sources of Energy? 

Alternative sources of energy can be defined as the use of sources of energy other than the traditional fossil fuels (such as oil, coal, and natural gas), which are shorter in supply and which are considered harmful to the environment. It includes all renewable and nuclear energy sources. 

The most commonly used alternative sources of energy include the following:

Wind Energy

Solar Energy

Geothermal Energy

Hydroelectric Energy

Hydrogen Energy

Nuclear Energy

Tidal Energy

The above-listed sources of energy are explained below:

Uses of Alternative Sources of Energy

1. wind energy.

In this source of energy, the wind is used for producing electricity by making use of the kinetic energy created by air in motion.

2. Solar Energy

In this source of energy, the radiation from the Sun is used which is capable of producing heat, causing chemical reactions, and generating electricity.

3. Geothermal Energy

It is a source of energy that is taken from the Earth’s core. It comes from the heat which is generated during the original formation of the planet.

4. Bioenergy

In this source of energy electricity and gas are generated from the organic matter known as biomass. Bioenergy is one of the resources available to help meet the demand for energy, it includes electricity, heat and transportation fuel. 

5. Hydroelectric Energy

It is a source of energy that is obtained by falling water from high potential to low potential as potential is defined to flow down from a certain height. It is a form of energy that harnesses the power of water in motion—such as water flowing over a waterfall—to generate electricity.

Importance of Alternative Sources of Energy

The importance of alternative sources of energy are discussed below:

Protects the Environment: Alternative sources of energy help to protect the environment and give it the opportunity to regenerate.

Helps in Providing Sustainable Fuel Systems: The alternative sources of energy can help in creating a sustainable fuel system and can help in sustaining the ecological balance of a region.

Helps in Reducing the Dependence on Imported Fuels: Another use of alternate sources of energy is that it helps to reduce the dependence on imported fuels.

Helps in Enhancing Income: It helps in enhancing the income of the country by creating additional employment opportunities for the population of the country.

Useful in Conserving Fossil Fuels: When we make use of alternate sources of energy it helps us in conserving fossil fuels.

Useful in Slowing and Reversing Climate Change: Because the alternate sources of energy have a much lower carbon content it helps to slow down and reverse climate change.

Useful in Economic Growth: Producing more utility-scale energy systems can help in creating more economic growth.

Thus it can conclude that the alternate sources of energy are the future energy sources that will help in sustaining the environment as well as help in minimising the dependency on conventional energy sources. These sources of energy need to be explored more and more.

FAQs on Alternative Sources of Energy

1. What percentage of the world uses alternate sources of energy and which is the most widely used alternate source of energy?

From 27% in 2019 the share of renewables in global electricity increased to 29% in 2020. The increase in alternative sources of energy mainly came at the cost of gas and coal, though these two sources still represent close to 60% of the global electricity supply. The most widely used alternate source of energy in the world is hydropower energy. Before lockdown, some measures were implemented, and shares of renewables were higher due to favourable weather conditions. The global use of alternate sources of energy was 1.5% higher in 2020 than in 2019.

2. Why are we looking at alternate sources of energy?

We are looking at alternative sources of energy because as our standards of living are increasing day by day so are our energy requirements. So a need has arisen to exploit and look for more and more alternative sources of energy. Another reason why we are looking for alternate sources of energy is that our conventional sources of energy like fossil fuels get depleted very soon which is why we need to look for other alternatives as well.

3. Write some interesting facts about alternative sources of energy.

Some interesting facts about alternative sources of energy are given below:

There are over two million solar power systems installed in the United States.

The alternate sources of energy create five times more employment opportunities than the conventional sources of energy.

Solar energy is nearly 200 years old.

One wind turbine can be used to power nearly 1500 homes for a year.

Energy Conservation Essay for Students and Children

500 words energy conservation essay.

Energy conservation refers to the efforts made to reduce the consumption of energy. The energy on Earth is not in unlimited supply. Furthermore, energy can take plenty of time to regenerate. This certainly makes it essential to conserve energy. Most noteworthy, energy conservation is achievable either by using energy more efficiently or by reducing the amount of service usage.

Importance of Energy Conservation

First of all, energy conservation plays an important role in saving non-renewable energy resources. Furthermore, non-renewable energy sources take many centuries to regenerate. Moreover, humans consume energy at a faster rate than it can be produced. Therefore, energy conservation would lead to the preservation of these precious non-renewable sources of energy.

Energy conservation will reduce the expenses related to fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are very expensive to mine. Therefore, consumers are required to pay higher prices for goods and services. Energy conservation would certainly reduce the amount of fossil fuel being mined. This, in turn, would reduce the costs of consumers.

Consequently, energy conservation would strengthen the economy as consumers will have more disposable income to spend on goods and services.

Energy conservation is good for scientific research. This is because; energy conservation gives researchers plenty of time to conduct researches.

Therefore, these researchers will have more time to come up with various energy solutions and alternatives. Humans must ensure to have fossil fuels as long as possible. This would give me enough time to finding practical solutions.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Another important reason for energy conservation is environmental protection. This is because various energy sources are significantly harmful to the environment. Furthermore, the burning of fossil fuels considerably pollutes the atmosphere. Moreover, nuclear energy creates dangerous nuclear waste. Hence, energy conservation will lead to environmental protection.

Energy conservation would also result in the good health of humans. Furthermore, the pollution released due to energy sources is harmful to the human body. The air pollution due to fossil fuels can cause various respiratory problems. Energy sources can pollute water which could cause several harmful diseases in humans. Nuclear waste can cause cancer and other deadly problems in the human body.

Measures to Conserve Energy

Energy taxation is a good measure from the government to conserve energy. Furthermore, several countries apply energy or a carbon tax on energy users. This tax would certainly put pressure on energy users to reduce their energy consumption. Moreover, carbon tax forces energy users to shift to other energy sources that are less harmful.

Building design plays a big role in energy conservation. An excellent way to conserve energy is by performing an energy audit in buildings. Energy audit refers to inspection and analysis of energy use in a building. Most noteworthy, the aim of the energy audit is to appropriately reduce energy input.

Another important way of energy conservation is by using energy-efficient products. Energy-efficient products are those that use lesser energy than their normal counterparts. One prominent example can be using an energy-efficient bulb rather than an incandescent light bulb.

In conclusion, energy conservation must be among the utmost priorities of humanity. Mahatma Gandhi was absolutely right when he said, “the earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s needs but not every man’s greed”. This statement pretty much sums up the importance of energy conservation. Immediate implementation of energy conservation measures is certainly of paramount importance.

FAQs on Energy Conservation

Q1 state one way in which energy conservation is important.

A1 One way in which energy conservation is important is that it leads to the preservation of fossil fuels.

Q2 Why energy taxation is a good measure to conserve energy?

A2 Energy taxation is certainly a good measure to conserve energy. This is because energy taxation puts financial pressure on energy users to reduce their energy consumption.

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Band 8+: Fossil fuel is the main source of energy. In some countries, the use of alternative sources of energy is encouraged. Is this a positive or negative development?

Given the environmental degradation attributable to the combustion of fossil fuels, a host of countries have promoted the search for greener substitutes. This essay attempts to shed light on both the merits and demerits of this new type of energy before concluding that this is indeed an encouraging development.

On the one hand, turning to power generated from sustainable sources could be fraught with pitfalls. First and foremost, the enormous cost incurred to develop and introduce green energy could put a strain on government coffers. This, therefore, could lead to budget deficits, tax hikes, and reduced social welfare, which could force ordinary citizens, especially the underprivileged, to struggle even more to earn a living. Secondly, despite being free, abundant, and environmentally-friendly, alternative energy sources are very intermittent and dilute. Unlike oil and gas, solar and wind energy can not be stored, which means that in the absence of sunlight and wind, the flows of energy can be easily disrupted, thereby making these sources of power virtually impossible to meet the rapidly growing demand for energy consumption the world over.

Notwithstanding the aforementioned drawbacks, I am convinced that much of the world is still in favor of green power sources because of the following compelling reasons. One rationale in favor of this view is its minimal impact on the environment. This perception could be further clarified by the fact that eco-friendly power sources have an extremely low carbon footprint compared to carbon-intensive energy sources, such as coal and oil, which could greatly mitigate the problem of air pollution. Another justification is the infinity of renewable resources. Specifically, they are created from resources that are practically infinite, which is the answer to the imminent energy crisis in years to come. This acts as a powerful testament to the need for developing and introducing sustainable energy sources.

In conclusion, while it is irrefutable that there are certain hardships and obstacles involved in the quest of green energy, I would contend that the upside of renewable energy sources is far more significant than their downside.

Check Your Own Essay On This Topic?

Generate a band-9 sample with your idea, overall band score, task response, coherence & cohesion, lexical resource, grammatical range & accuracy, essays on the same topic:, fossil fuel is the main source of energy. in some countries, the use of alternative sources of energy is encouraged. is this a positive or negative development.

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Different Sources of Energy Definition Essay

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Energy can be transformed to a range of states. Energy in different states can be used for various physical works. Energy can be utilized in natural processes or in supplying services to the community. For instance, an inner combustion engine transfers the latent chemical energy present in petrol and oxygen into heat, which is next changed to kinetic energy for use by automobiles and a solar cell changes solar energy into electrical energy which can be used to power television or light a bulb.

Fossil fuels are products of decayed residues of ancient animals and plants. They consist of oil, natural gas and coal. Currently, they provide more than 90 percent of the world’s sum energy (Vas, 1998). Fossil fuels remain attractive for use today since they are cheap, easily distributed, easily available, and can directly generate heat and electricity. However, they emit hazardous substances to the environment. As a result, alternative sources like wind and hydro electricity which are less harmful to the environment are being explored.

Hydro electricity is produced by streaming water through turbines. In generation of hydro electric power, water is bunged up in dams. Big pipes run through the dam construction directing water to the turbines which are turned round by the power of water. The power stations then control the level of the water by opening and closing water gates that ferry water into the turbine quarters.

Hydropower has several benefits over other energy sources. It does not pollute the environment since water is a clean source of fuel. It is also a renewable source that is easily available. Impoundment hydropower builds dams and pools that offer various leisure opportunities, particularly boating, swimming and fishing. Hydropower installations are supposed to offer public access to the reservoir. Other benefits of using hydropower as a source of energy include: flood management and water supply.

On the other hand, hydropower has several limitations. Dams can be a cause of soil erosion and may cause threats to downstream animals and plants in case of floods. Also, developing hydro electricity power plants is really expensive.

The other alternative source of energy is wind energy. Wind energy is a reproducible source of energy that is fueled by the sun so as to produce electricity. Since the earth is enclosed by almost 70 percent water, there is a difference in the manner of heating between the land and the sea (Muljadi & Wang, 2004).

During the night, the air on top of water cools less fast than the air above land. The temperate air over the sea inflates and mounts up while the heavier, cooler air hurries in to replace it, generating winds. During the day, the opposite occurs. The land heats up quicker than the seas. The temperate air over the land inflates and goes up while the heavier, cooler air hurries in to replace it, generating winds.

Wind Energy produces electricity by utilizing blades on wind turbines to amass the kinetic energy of the wind. Wind turbines hold back the wind which streams above the airfoil formed blades causing lift, and making them to revolve. The blades are linked to a drive ray that revolves an electric generator thus generating electricity.

Wind energy is the most rapidly growing energy source in the world as it has several advantages (Farret & Simoes, 2006). The fact that it is fueled by wind makes it a clean source of fuel. It does not emit harmful substances in the environment and it is a renewable source of energy. Wind energy is cheap and easily available. Wind turbines can be constructed on agricultural estates or ranches, thus promoting the rural economy.

On the other hand, wind energy has some demerits. Despite the fact that wind power plants have somewhat less impact on the surroundings weighed against other common power plants, there is much distress over the noise created by the rotor blades. In other instances, birds have lost their lives by soaring into the rotors. However, these issues have been significantly reduced through technological upgrading and by locating wind plants appropriately.

From the above discussion, it is clear that the two alternative sources of energy, the wind and hydropower, compare with fossil fuels in many ways. First, all of them are sources of energy that are available in the world today. However, while the wind and hydropower are renewable sources of energy, fossil fuels are not renewable.

This is the major difference between them. Fossil fuels also emit greenhouse gases that are harmful to the atmosphere. There is also a difference in the way these sources are obtained. While wind energy and hydropower are obtained from the wind and water respectively, fossil fuels are obtained from decayed remains of ancient plants and animals.

In conclusion, energy is convertible to different states. Currently, the world is exploring alternative sources of energy that can suitably replace the common use of fossil fuels as the chief source of energy. This has been motivated by the fact that fossil fuel emits greenhouse gases which are harmful to the environment. Wind energy and hydropower are some of the alternative sources of energy that have been explored. However, each of these sources of energy has its own merits and demerits.

Farret, F.A. & Simoes, M.G. (2006). Integration of alternative sources of energy . New York: Oxford University Press

Muljadi, E. & Wang, C. (2004). Parallel operation of wind, turbine, fuel cell, and diesel . Melboume: Generation Sources.

Vas, G. (1998). Sources of energy . London: Sage

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• Natural Sources Of Energy

Sources of Energy

The sun is the main source of energy on Earth. Other energy sources include coal, geothermal energy, wind energy, biomass, petrol, nuclear energy, and many more. Energy is classified into various types based on sustainability as renewable sources of energy and non-renewable sources of energy.

What Is Energy?

The classical description of energy is the ability of a system to perform work, but as energy exists in so many forms, it is hard to find one comprehensive definition. It is the property of an object that can be transferred from one object to another or converted to different forms but cannot be created or destroyed. There are numerous sources of energy. In the next few sections, let us discuss the about different sources of energy in detail.

Sources Of Energy

Sources of energy can be classified into:

• Renewable Sources
• Non-renewable Sources

Renewable sources of energy are available plentiful in nature and are sustainable. These resources of energy can be naturally replenished and are safe for the environment.

Examples of renewable sources of energy are : Solar energy, geothermal energy, wind energy, biomass, hydropower and tidal energy.

A non-renewable resource is a natural resource that is found underneath the earth. These type of energy resources do not replenish at the same speed at which it is used. They take millions of years to replenish. The main examples of non-renewable resources are coal, oil and natural gas.

Examples of non-renewable sources of energy are: Natural gas, coal, petroleum, nuclear energy and hydrocarbon gas liquids.

Difference between Renewable and Non-renewable Sources of Energy

Natural Sources of Energy

During the stone age, it was wood. During the iron age, we had coal. In the modern age, we have fossil fuels like petroleum and natural gas. So how do we choose the source of energy?

Good sources of energy should have the following qualities:

• Optimum heat production per unit of volume/mass used
• Easy to transport
• Least Polluting

Types of Natural Sources of Energy

There are two types of natural sources of energy classified by their popularity and use,

• Conventional Sources of Energy
• Non-Conventional Sources of Energy

Difference between Conventional and Non-conventional Sources of Energy

In this article, you learned about natural resources, energy sources, and what makes a good source of energy. Explore more such articles at BYJU’S, which provides detailed solutions to the questions of NCERT Book for the energy source so that one can compare their answers with the sample answers given for this chapter.

Frequently Asked Questions – FAQs

What sources of energy are renewable.

• Biomass energy
• Wind energy
• Tidal energy
• Hydro energy

What is the main source of energy in India?

What are the sources of energy in india.

Following are the sources of energy in India:

• Natural gas
• Thermal energy
• Mineral oil

Can any source of energy be pollution-free?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of wind power.

• There are no harmful gases released into the environment.
• It is a way for the generation of revenue in the local communities.
• It is one of the clean sources of energy.

Disadvantages:

• The storage of energy needs to be improved.
• The initial setup requires a lot of investment.
• Numerous lands will be used up.

List the examples of sources of energy

• Biofuel energy
• Geothermal energy
• Solar energy
• Nuclear energy

Watch the video and find out conservation measures we can take to save the natural resources depleting at an alarming rate.

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Thursday Sep 19, 2024

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Harnessing solar and wind power in transitioning Sri Lanka towards sustainable renewable energy future

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However, the island nation, blessed with abundant natural resources presents a unique opportunity to transition to a more sustainable energy future. The narrative surrounding renewable energy, is gaining traction, not only as a necessity but as a vision for a self-reliant and prosperous Sri Lanka.

Return to roots

In the past, Sri Lanka’s energy infrastructure was predominantly renewable. In the mid-1980s, the country met approximately 80% of its energy requirements using domestic renewable resources, such as hydro and biomass. Only 20% of the energy, primarily for transportation and minor needs, was sourced from imported fossil fuels. It enabled Sri Lanka to be largely self-sufficient in energy production, relying on its own renewable resources for the bulk of its energy needs. 

However, over the years, population growth, industrialisation, and increased energy demands have shifted this balance, with fossil fuels now accounting for over 51% of the country’s energy mix, leading to a higher dependency creating economic and environmental challenges. The need to move away from fossil fuels towards renewable energy is not only a national priority but also a global imperative.

Urgency of change

The recent economic crisis in Sri Lanka starkly highlighted the vulnerabilities of depending heavily on imported fossil fuels. Power cuts lasting up to 13 hours, fuel shortages and the inability to afford fossil fuel imports because of limited foreign exchange, not only disrupted daily life, but also demonstrated the critical need for energy independence. 

It is clear that Sri Lanka cannot continue on this path. The country must shift towards harnessing its indigenous renewable resources, such as solar, wind and biomass, to meet its growing energy needs. While efforts are ongoing to explore possible petroleum reserves, the focus must remain on renewable energy, as this is the only viable and sustainable option moving forward. 

Political consensus

Today, with Presidential elections imminent, the importance of renewable energy has gathered support across the political spectrum. This realisation has been acknowledged by all major political leaders – Ranil Wickremesinghe, Sajith Premadasa, and Anura Kumara Dissanayake – have included strong commitments and renewable energy targets into their manifestos. 

n Ranil Wickremesinghe aims to achieve 70% renewable energy by 2030, making Sri Lanka a Green Energy hub and exporting to neighbouring countries. The plan includes developing Trincomalee and Pooneryn as energy hubs, reducing energy costs, and implementing climate-friendly policies across key sectors.

n Sajith Premadasa’s Samagi Jana Balawegaya (SJB) emphasises climate action through a National Adaptation Plan (NAP) focused on renewable energy. According to the manifesto, the aim is to exceed the 70% renewable energy target by 2030, positioning Sri Lanka as a regional renewable energy powerhouse.

n Anura Kumara Dissanayake’s manifesto emphasises the potential of wind power, stating, the nation has the capability to harness over 40 gigawatts of wind power and sees renewable energy as a pathway to enter the global energy market.

Like many countries globally, Sri Lanka is on the cusp of an energy transition from fossil fuels to renewables, and the future of the nation’s energy sector will largely depend on this shift.

Solar and Wind power potential

Sri Lanka’s renewable energy resources are diverse, with a focus on hydro, solar, and wind. Being close to the equator, the country benefits from abundant sunlight, making solar energy widely available. Surrounded by the sea, Sri Lanka also has excellent onshore and offshore wind potential. While resources such as geothermal and wave energy exist, they are not commercially viable yet. As the country’s hydro resources are nearly fully utilised, the focus is now shifting primarily to expanding solar and wind energy.  

As of 31 March 2024, Sri Lanka’s total installed generation capacity was 5,012 MW. Excluding hydro, renewable energy sources contributed only 1,093 MW, which is about a fifth of the total installed capacity. The long-term generation expansion plan aligns with the government’s commitment to achieve 70% renewable energy by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2050. The plan emphasises mini-hydro, wind, biomass, and solar technologies, all renewable in nature. 

According to a joint study conducted by the United Nations Development Program and the Asian Development Bank, Sri Lanka houses a potential of 16 GW solar power . World Bank estimates Sri Lanka’s offshore wind potential is 92 GW . With limited scope of adding large scale hydro projects in the future, it is the wind and solar projects which will have to do the heavy lifting for SL to meet its renewable energy generation goals.  

Over the next 25 years, the country’s power demand is projected to grow at an annualised rate of ~5% and SL will need to add ~7,000 MW of fresh renewable energy, mainly consisting of ~4,700 MW of solar and ~1,800 MW of wind power .

The growth in solar capacity, particularly rooftop installations, which is crucial for decentralised energy generation reflects a positive trend towards renewable energy adoption. The total solar capacity in Sri Lanka has shown a steady increase from 1.36 MW in 2011 to 951.36 MW in 2023. The net metering achievements indicate a supportive regulatory framework that encourages individual and commercial investments in solar energy.

The substantial wind resource suggests that Sri Lanka has a significant potential for harnessing a vast untapped capacity of wind energy, particularly contributing to reducing reliance on imported fossil fuels and enhancing energy security.

Both solar and wind power data indicate a strong potential for renewable energy development in Sri Lanka. The significant solar capacity available, combined with the rapid growth wind resource positions the country to enhance its energy independence, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and meet future energy demands sustainably. 

Economic and environmental benefits

Investing in renewable energy will have far-reaching, multifaceted economic and environmental benefits for Sri Lanka including job creation and reduced energy costs. In addition, multilateral and bilateral agencies now prioritise funding for renewable projects over fossil fuel-based ones. The global shift highlights the financial and environmental advantages of adopting renewable energy offering Sri Lanka a competitive edge in global markets.

In the solar industry alone, over 900 companies have already been established to service the growing demand. Similarly, wind power projects are expected to generate thousands of jobs as the country ramps up capacity. These expansions will require substantial manpower, creating numerous local jobs during both the construction and operational phases of projects.

A reduction in overall energy costs for households and industries is predicted, making Sri Lanka more competitive in attracting energy-intensive industries. Lower energy costs will also benefit households and contribute to a more robust economy.

Renewable energy is not just about addressing Sri Lanka’s current energy crisis but also about shaping the country’s long-term sustainability goals. Sri Lanka, having committed to reducing carbon emissions under the Paris Agreement, aims for net-zero carbon emissions by 2050, and renewable energy will be crucial to achieving this goal, offering a much lower environmental impact compared to coal or other fossil fuels.

The nation can lead by example in the global fight against climate change. Moreover, the cost of renewable energy technologies has decreased dramatically, making them sustainable. These shifts will help mitigate the effects of climate change, and reduce pollution, leading to healthier communities and ecosystems.

Priorities for the ‘Next Government’

To ensure the success of Sri Lanka’s renewable energy transition, the next Government must prioritise several key areas. First, grid infrastructure must be enhanced to accommodate intermittent energy sources such as wind and solar. Second, regulatory frameworks need to be streamlined to expedite the approval process for renewable energy projects. Finally, the Government should create partnerships with international and local investors to finance large-scale renewable energy developments.

Sri Lanka stands at the threshold of a renewable energy revolution. Solar and wind power, with its vast potential, offers a pathway to energy independence, economic growth, and environmental sustainability and also an opportunity to become a regional leader in green energy production. 

As the country moves forward, it must continue to invest in renewable energy technologies, infrastructure, and policies that will ensure a secure and sustainable energy future for generations to come.

https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/354591/sri-lanka-power-2050v2.pdf

  https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/828731586850081077/pdf/Technical-Potential-for-Offshore-Wind-in-Sri-Lanka-Map.pdf

  https://www.themorning.lk/articles/C2a9RM0BiUCA40tviZfS

(The writer is a Professor in Electrical Engineering attached to the Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka.)

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Thursday, 19 September 2024

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NTPC shares jump over 4 pc as renewable energy arm files draft papers to raise Rs 10,000 cr via IPO

Shares of NTPC jumped over 4 per cent to hit an all-time high on Thursday after NTPC Green Energy, the renewable energy arm of the firm, filed preliminary papers with capital markets regulator Sebi to raise Rs 10,000 crore through an Initial Public Offering (IPO).

The stock climbed 4.34 per cent to Rs 431.85 -- its record high -- on the BSE.

At the NSE, it surged 4.27 per cent to Rs 431.85 -- the all-time high.

The initial share-sale is entirely a fresh issuance of equity shares with no Offer For Sale (OFS) component, according to the Draft Red Herring Prospectus (DRHP).

The renewable energy firm said proceeds of the issue to the tune of Rs 7,500 crore will be used to repay or prepay part or all of its subsidiary NTPC Renewable Energy Ltd's (NREL) outstanding loans, while a portion will be utilised for general corporate purposes.

NTPC Green Energy is a 'Maharatna' central public sector enterprise with renewable energy portfolio, including solar and wind power assets.

IDBI Capital Markets & Securities, HDFC Bank, IIFL Securities, and Nuvama Wealth Management are the book-running lead managers to the issue.

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NTPC Green Energy Files DRHP With SEBI For Rs 10,000 Crore IPO; Check Key Dates & Other Details Here

NTPC Green Energy, a subsidiary of NTPC Ltd, India's largest power producer, has taken a step toward expanding its renewable energy footprint by filing draft papers with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) on Wednesday. The company is seeking to raise Rs 10,000 crore through an initial public offering (IPO).

NTPC Green Energy has clear plans for the utilization of the Rs 10,000 crore it seeks to raise. Of this amount, Rs 7,500 crore will be allocated to repay or prepay a portion of the outstanding loans of its subsidiary, NTPC Renewable Energy Ltd. (NREL). The remaining funds will be directed toward general corporate purposes, helping the company boost its operational capabilities.

The decision to file for an IPO comes at a time when India's stock market is seeing heightened activity in public listings. Nearly 60 mainboard companies have launched IPOs this year, making it a highly competitive environment. NTPC Green Energy's entry is expected to attract attention from both domestic and international investors.

NTPC Green Energy is part of NTPC, a 'Maharatna' public sector enterprise, with a robust renewable energy portfolio that spans across multiple states in India. The company has a strong presence in both solar and wind energy projects. As of August 2024, NTPC Green Energy operates 3,071 MW of solar power capacity and 100 MW from wind projects. These assets are strategically located in over six states, including key regions known for their renewable energy potential.

NTPC Ltd, the parent company, has set an ambitious goal to achieve 60 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2032. Currently, the group has an installed capacity of 3.5 GW, with more than 28 GW of projects in various stages of development.

India's renewable energy sector has seen rapid expansion in recent years, fueled by the government's push to reduce carbon emissions and transition to cleaner energy sources. A recent Crisil report, referenced in NTPC Green Energy's draft papers, highlights India's global standing in renewable energy. The country ranks fourth in the world for installed renewable energy capacity, with a particular focus on wind and solar energy installations.

India's installed renewable energy capacity has grown from 63 GW in FY12 to 123 GW in FY21, and it reached approximately 191 GW by March 2024. This includes large hydro projects, which contribute to the country's overall renewable energy output. Solar energy has been the main driver of this growth, accounting for a significant portion of the capacity increase. Currently, renewable energy makes up about 43% of India's total power generation capacity.

NTPC Green Energy has appointed a consortium of reputable financial institutions to manage its upcoming IPO. The book-running lead managers include IDBI Capital Markets & Securities, HDFC Bank, IIFL Securities, and Nuvama Wealth Management.

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NTPC Green Energy files draft papers for ₹10,000 crore IPO

Ntpc green energy files draft papers for ₹ 10,000 crore ipo.