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Educational tourism and local development: the role of universities.

1. Introduction

1.1. purpose and organization of the study, 1.2. background context, 2. materials and methods.

• Educational tourism (in general): definitions and frameworks related to educational tourism.
• Travel and experiential learning: connections between educational tourism, travel and experiential learning.
• Educational tourism destinations. How can the stakeholders in a destination manage local educational tourism to contribute to local development, and how can universities, significant stakeholders in their own right, contribute to the touristic offer? This topic also includes the concept of civic university.
• The educational tourism of international students. What are the characteristics of international students as educational tourists? What motivates a student to choose international mobility, and what criteria determine the choice of a destination?
• The social benefits of educational tourism for international students and the destination. What personal benefits do international students gain from educational tourism? How does the presence of international students impact a destination?
• The impact of educational tourism. What is the impact of educational tourism on a destination?
• Section 3.1 . Defining educational tourism: cluster 1;
• Section 3.2 . Educational tourism and travel: cluster 2;
• Section 3.3 . The role of higher education institutions in fostering educational tourism: clusters 3, 4 and 5;
• Section 3.4 . Impact of educational tourism on the destination: cluster 6;

3. Results and Discussion

3.1. defining educational tourism, 3.2. educational tourism and travel, 3.3. the role of higher education institutions in fostering educational tourism, 3.3.1. universities and educational tourism.

• Environmental factors: provide tourists with knowledge-based information and educate them to respect the local environment. Sustainable actions promote the preservation of biodiversity and enhance attention to the cultural heritage;
• Engagement: active participation of tourists is central to making them feel fully immersed in the context and to cultivating their special interests;
• Exploration: help tourists authentically experience the place by contributing to in-situ learning-by-doing practice.

3.3.2. International Students as Educational Tourists

3.3.3. benefits of educational tourism, 3.4. impact of educational tourism on the destination.

• on-campus spending directly related to their studies;
• off-campus spending on housing, food, books, transportation, clothing and entertainment;
• contribution to the local tourism industry through domestic travel and other tourist activities;
• non-educational tourism spending by students, visiting friends and relatives (VFR) and the return visits of alumni.
• higher prices for accommodations and shop rentals in the university area compared to the suburbs;
• fewer part-time and full-time jobs for local people, as international students take them at lower pay;
• the decline of the local economy in the summer, when students are away;
• excessive competition in the market for services dedicated to students.

4. Conclusions

Author contributions, acknowledgments, conflicts of interest.

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Tomasi, S.; Paviotti, G.; Cavicchi, A. Educational Tourism and Local Development: The Role of Universities. Sustainability 2020 , 12 , 6766. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12176766

Tomasi S, Paviotti G, Cavicchi A. Educational Tourism and Local Development: The Role of Universities. Sustainability . 2020; 12(17):6766. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12176766

Tomasi, Sabrina, Gigliola Paviotti, and Alessio Cavicchi. 2020. "Educational Tourism and Local Development: The Role of Universities" Sustainability 12, no. 17: 6766. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12176766

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Tourism Review

ISSN : 1660-5373

Article publication date: 21 June 2019

Issue publication date: 20 February 2020

This paper aims to provide a short scholarly review on the development of tourism education that contributes to the celebration of 75 years of the Tourism Review .

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on selective literature on the topic.

Tourism education has developed into a major field of study in the period since the Second World War, but after a long period of growth, it now faces some important challenges.

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Practical implications

The review provides a brief overview of the development and challenges for tourism education.

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The paper provides a brief overview of developments.

• Neoliberalism

Airey, D. (2020), "Education for tourism: a perspective article", Tourism Review , Vol. 75 No. 1, pp. 260-262. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-02-2019-0074

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• DOI: 10.1016/J.JHLSTE.2019.02.003
• Corpus ID: 151298660

Education research in tourism: A longitudinal study of 77 articles between 2008 and 2017

• Jianwei Qian , R. Law , Xinjian Li
• Published in Journal of Hospitality… 1 June 2019

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Tourism Education: Students’ Perceived Values of Field Trips

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• Silverina A. Kibat 4 &
• Cindy Johnny 4  

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Field trips may best be viewed as a form of short-term experiential learning offering meaningful experiences that play an extremely crucial role in successful educational initiatives. The study of field trips has largely been overlooked by education-related literature that generally focuses on classroom, text-based, and, more recently, computer- or electronic media-based learning. Within the tourism context, only 2% of the literature is associated with education and training. In the light of this literature gap, this study examines the perceived values of field trips through the eyes of tourism students. The sample was a group of tourism-major students who recently went on an international field trip in partial fulfillment of the course requirements. Online survey was employed to collect data which were then analyzed using both descriptives and content analysis. The findings were in accord with those of previous studies, promoting the five key values of field trips. The study confirmed the importance of incorporating field trips in the curriculum not for the sole purpose of knowledge acquisition or enhancement but also for students’ personal and social growth.

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Bidder, C., Kibat, S.A., Johnny, C. (2019). Tourism Education: Students’ Perceived Values of Field Trips. In: Mat Noor, A., Mohd Zakuan, Z., Muhamad Noor, S. (eds) Proceedings of the Second International Conference on the Future of ASEAN (ICoFA) 2017 - Volume 1. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8730-1_14

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Educational Tourism and Local Development: The Role of Universities

• August 2020
• Sustainability 12(17):6766
• 12(17):6766

• University of Macerata

• Università di Pisa

UN Tourism | Bringing the world closer

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Education and diversification recognized as key to future of tourism in Asia and the Pacific

• All Regions
• 28 Jun 2024

Diversifying tourism across Asia and the Pacific, alongside promoting more and better education, will be key to building a more resilient and sustainable sector.

According to UN Tourism’s data, the sector is experiencing a rapid recovery in Asia and the Pacific, with arrivals reaching 82% of pre-pandemic levels in the first quarter of 2024, boosted by the re-opening of many destinations throughout 2023. Now, with full recovery on the horizon, the latest joint meeting of UN Tourism’s Commission for Asia and the Pacific (CAP) and its Commission of South Asia (CSA), focused on the challenges and opportunities for creating a positive and lasting transformation.

As our data shows, tourism’s recovery is close to complete here in Asia and Pacific. We worked together to face the crisis head on.

Guiding transformation and building resilience  

The 36th meeting of the CAP-CSA welcomed more than 130 delegates from 25 countries and territories. All Members were provided with a comprehensive overview of UN Tourism’s work and achievements since the last meeting, with key priorities then presented for the years ahead.

UN Tourism Secretary-General Zurab Pololikashvili said: “As our data shows, tourism’s recovery is close to complete here in Asia and Pacific. We worked together to face the crisis head on. And now we must work together to focus on our priorities for the future. That means supporting education, driving investments into our sector and further strengthening the ties between public and private to build resilience and advance sustainability and inclusive growth.” 

Education the top-level tourism priority  

Reflecting the high-level support given to tourism and to UN Tourism’s mission to guide the sector forward, Commission host the Philippines was represented by President Ferdinand Marcos Jnr, at the meeting. In his opening remarks President Marcos commended UN Tourism’s focus on education and training for the sector and stressed his commitment to wider sustainability efforts. “Education is always going to make any industry better and certainly tourism is no different,” President Marcos said. “We need to raise the standards and practices in this crucial sector by investing in education, training, and skills upgrading of all the personnel who are working in this industry.” 

Emphasising his Government’s recognition of the importance of education, President Ferdinand Marcos expressed interest in opening a new Academy in Collaboration with UN Tourism in the Philippines. The institution would add to UN Tourism’s growing network of Academies, with education centres focusing on the specific needs of regions or on key skills needed for the future of tourism.  

Resilience via green transformation  

Within the framework of the joint Commission meeting, Member States in the region tabled a thematic discussion on product development emphasizing the need for green transformation to enhance the tourism sector’s competitiveness, while bolstering its resilience through the promotion of innovative and green solutions.  

Untapping Gastronomy Tourism’s Potential   

In Cebu, the spotlight was put on gastronomy tourism as one of the sure routes to progress product diversification to add value to the sector and accelerate  recovery in the region. Here, UN Tourism hosted its first Regional Forum on Gastronomy Tourism for Asia and the Pacific, connecting public and private sector leaders with top entrepreneurs and leading chefs from the region and beyond. Discussions concluded with the Cebu Call to Action on Gastronomy Tourism, urging public and private leaders to integrate gastronomy tourism into policy, foster cross-sector cooperation, namely with agriculture and creative industries, support small businesses, and promote sustainable practices. 

Secretary-General Polikashvili challenged tourism players to further capitalize on the region’s growing reputation as both a destination and leader in the field of gastronomy tourism. “My proposal is to leave a legacy… to create something an education center or gastronomic center here in Cebu,” he said.  

Looking ahead to Indonesia 

The meetings concluded with Members agreeing to accept Indonesia’s offer to host the 37th Joint Meeting of UN Tourism’s 2 Asian Commissions in 2025. The exact dates will be confirmed in due course. 

Education and diversification

Cebu, philippines, related links:.

• Download News Release on PDF
• First Gastronomy Tourism Forum for Asia and Pacific Unites Governments, Businesses and Top Chefs
• 36th CAP-CSA and First UN Tourism Regional Forum on Gastronomy Tourism for Asia and the Pacific
• UN Tourism Academy

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Sustainability on the frontline of online education, “brand africa” to take centre stage as un tourism unloc..., first gastronomy tourism forum for asia and pacific uni..., ambassadors join un tourism to look ahead to 2027 year ....

Tourism is an important driver of economic prosperity, jobs, income and wellbeing in OECD countries and beyond. Awareness of the sector’s role as an economic and social force has been elevated at the highest levels, following the near complete shutdown of tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, rapid and unbalanced tourism development also brings challenges for people, places and businesses. We analyse policies and structural changes impacting the development of tourism and provide policy makers with policy solutions, data, expertise and good practices to set tourism on a path to a more resilient, sustainable and inclusive future. 

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Key messages, co-ordinate, forward-looking action is needed to set tourism on a path to a more resilient, sustainable and inclusive future..

The pandemic and other recent crises have been an opportunity to rethink the tourism system, and move toward fairer, more sustainable and resilient models of tourism development. This requires policies that address structural weaknesses and address the tourism management and unbalanced development issues that continue to impede the sector and prevent the jobs, well-being and other benefits from tourism flowing to local communities. Policy interventions will also be necessary to advance the digital and low-carbon transitions. Governments need to consider these issues as they design and put in place comprehensive tourism recovery strategies and action plans.

Improving the evidence base is key to ensuring that tourism policies are targeted to meet strategic objectives

Improving the evidence base to inform tourism policy and business decisions is a key policy priority. Effective policy making, planning and management all rely on the availability of robust evidence, preferably in the form of reliable and timely data that is sufficiently disaggregated and comparable across destinations and territorial levels. More progress is also needed to better measure the economic, environmental and social dimensions of tourism, and develop timely and robust indicators and tools to monitor the effectiveness of tourism policies and the resilience and sustainability of tourism development.

Tourism has a key role as a driver of economic prosperity and well-being

The direct economic impact of the tourism sector is far-reaching and has knock-on consequences for the wider economy. Before the pandemic, the tourism sector directly contributed 4.4% of GDP and 6.9% of employment, and tourism generated 20.5% of service-related exports in OECD countries, on average. The unprecedented shock from COVID-19 saw the average direct contribution of tourism to GDP fall to 2.8% in 2020 across OECD countries with data available. This equates to an average decline of 1.9 percentage points compared to pre-COVID-19.

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Related events

• Publication launch Launch of OECD Tourism Trends and Policies 2024 8 July 2024

Global Forum on Tourism Statistics, Knowledge and Policies

The Global Forum on Tourism Statistics, Knowledge and Policies provides a unique platform for the regular exchange ideas, views and experiences to address issues high on the global tourism agenda. It brings together policy-makers, statisticians and leaders from the private sector and civil society to discuss relevant and emerging tourism policy issues, and their overarching implications for policy implementation and the supporting data infrastructure, in collaboration with the private sector, researchers and academics from OECD member and non-member countries, and other international organisations.

• Supporting the development of economic intelligence, comparable statistics, and indicators on the global tourism economy, markets, and destinations.
• Promoting an evidence-based and integrated policy approach to support a stronger, more inclusive, and sustainable tourism economy, and engaging with the private sector.
• Enhancing effective horizontal and multi-level governance in tourism, and co-operating with all levels of government.
• Supporting good policy, data and business practices in Member and Partner countries, and promoting a forward-looking vision for tourism

Tourism Committee

Since 1948, the OECD Tourism Committee analyses and monitors policies and structural changes affecting the development of domestic and international tourism.

The Committee provides policy-makers with concrete analysis of key challenges and policy responses that will shape tourism in the years to come. The Committee actively promotes an integrated, whole-of-government approach linking tourism to policies such as economy, investment, transport, trade, inclusive growth, employment, innovation, green growth, local development, SMEs and entrepreneurship. The Committee also supports work on tourism policy performance and evaluation through its tourism policy reviews .

The Committee is expanding its global reach by co-operating closely with Partner countries and by deepening its engagement with the private sector. The aim is to more effectively share knowledge and good practices and contribute to shape global debates on tourism. The Committee has a strategic partnership with the European Commission, and has a long-standing history of co-operation with other organisations such as the World Tourism Organization , the United Nations Environment Programme , the International Labour Office and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation . Examples of projects which have benefited from international co-operation include the Tourism Satellite Account , the travel and visa facilitation agenda, the 10YFP Sustainable Tourism Programme  and the work on supporting quality jobs in tourism.

Related policy issues

• Infrastructure
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• Making critical minerals work for sustainability, growth, and development
• Multi-level governance
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• Rural development

South Africa’s Best Colleges for Hospitality and Tourism

South Africa, renowned for its diverse landscapes, vibrant culture, and rich history, stands as a beacon in the realm of hospitality and tourism education. The country’s educational institutions offer world-class programs that prepare students for dynamic careers in these thriving industries. Here’s a glimpse into some of South Africa’s best colleges for hospitality and tourism:

1. University of Johannesburg (UJ)

The University of Johannesburg is a leading institution offering comprehensive programs in hospitality management. It boasts state-of-the-art facilities and partnerships with industry leaders, providing students with hands-on experience and exposure to the latest trends. The university’s School of Tourism and Hospitality offers degrees that cater to various aspects of the industry, from hotel management to tourism development.

2. Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT)

Located in Cape Town, CPUT is renowned for its practical approach to hospitality and tourism education. The Department of Hotel and Tourism Management offers programs that emphasize both theoretical knowledge and practical skills. Students benefit from the university’s strategic location in one of Africa’s top tourist destinations, gaining invaluable insights into tourism management and sustainable tourism practices.

3. Stenden South Africa

Part of the Stenden network of institutions globally, Stenden South Africa focuses on international hospitality management. Located in Port Alfred, Eastern Cape, the campus offers a unique blend of academic rigor and practical experience. The curriculum integrates global perspectives with local insights, preparing graduates for leadership roles in the hospitality and tourism sectors.

4. University of Pretoria

The University of Pretoria’s Department of Tourism Management offers specialized programs that combine business management principles with tourism-specific knowledge. The university’s strong research focus and industry partnerships ensure that students receive a well-rounded education. Located in Gauteng, South Africa’s economic hub, students benefit from proximity to a diverse range of tourism enterprises and cultural attractions.

5. Durban University of Technology (DUT)

DUT’s Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management is renowned for its commitment to industry relevance and excellence. Situated in Durban, a city known for its beaches and vibrant cultural scene, the university offers programs that prepare students for careers in hotel management, tourism operations, and event management. The curriculum emphasizes practical training and industry internships, equipping graduates with the skills needed to succeed in a competitive market.

South Africa’s colleges for hospitality and tourism not only offer academic excellence but also provide students with practical skills and industry insights essential for success. Whether situated in bustling urban centers or scenic coastal towns, these institutions play a crucial role in shaping the future leaders of the hospitality and tourism sectors in Africa and beyond. As the industries continue to evolve, South African colleges remain at the forefront, preparing graduates to navigate and innovate in a dynamic global landscape.

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Singhasari Tourism Special Economic Zone: Can it Survive in Today's World Economy?

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Indonesia is developing a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in the tourism sector with Singhasari being the only SEZ that emphasizes cultural and historical heritage tourism. However, until the end of November 2022, Singhasari SEZ has not demonstrated significant success. This article explores the reason behind the Singhasari SEZ’s relative lack of success compared to other SEZs, based on the results of research conducted in November 2022. It examines the institutional governance of the Singhasari SEZ since its inception and analyzes the obstacles encountered, utilizing the theory of the three main pillars of SEZ success. The research employed a qualitative approach utilizing a case study method. Data collection was conducted through observation, interviews, and literature study. The findings reveal that the Singhasari SEZ is managed according to existing regulations with Intelegensia Grahatama, Ltd. as a Development and Management Business Entity of the Singhasari SEZ. A significant obstacle identified from a strategic perspective was the initial decision to focus on a historic location for tourism, a choice that lost its relevance during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the efforts to transition the Singhasari SEZ’s focus from tourism to digital education demonstrate its strategic dynamism. In terms of strategic implementation, the Singhasari SEZ requires assistance from the Central Government regarding infrastructure development to achieve its objectives. The theoretical implication of this research is that it adds community actors to SEZ institutions. The allocation of special funds for infrastructure development in each approved SEZ as well as the increase of involvement of private and community actors in various SEZ activities are the policy implications of this research.

Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License .

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