• Ratgeber nach Positionen
  • Promovieren
  • Postdoc-Ratgeber
  • Habilitation
  • HAW-Professur
  • Branchen-Ratgeber
  • Geisteswissenschaften
  • Ingenieurwissenschaften
  • Naturwissenschaften
  • Öffentlicher Dienst
  • NGO, Stiftung & Co.
  • Wirtschafts- und Rechtswissenschaften
  • Informatik & IT
  • Themen-Ratgeber
  • Frauen in der Wissenschaft
  • Arbeit & Gesundheit
  • Service-Angebot
  • Karriereberatung
  • Promotions-Test
  • Booklet: Arbeiten im öffentlichen Dienst
  • Nachwuchspreis
  • Arbeitgeber
  • Graduiertenschulen

USA: Ph.D. an einer Elite-Uni Ph.D. in den USA: Alle Infos zum Doktor in Harvard, Stanford und Co.

Viele träumen davon, nur wenige schaffen es: die Promotion an einer US-Elite-Uni. Die Hürden sind hoch, doch die Anstrengung zahlt sich für die Karriere aus.

Freiheitsstatue promovieren in den USA

Elite-Unis in den USA: Überblick

Ph.d. in den usa: allgemeine informationen, ph.d. an der harvard university, ph.d. an der stanford university, ph.d. am mit, 5 tipps für die bewerbung an einer elite-uni.

Elite-Universitäten gibt es auch in Deutschland – bei dem Wort denkt aber vermutlich jeder als Erstes an die USA . Die „Ivy League“ (auch „The Ancient Eight“), deren Name wohl eine Anspielung auf den Efeu-Bewuchs der alten Hochschulgebäude ist, ist der Inbegriff der Elite-Unis. 

Die acht ältesten Universitäten der USA, alle im Nordosten des Landes gelegen, bilden die Ivy-League. Sie stehen für akademische Exzellenz und belegen in Hochschulrankings regelmäßig Spitzenplätze. Ihren Ursprung hat die Ivy League im Zusammenschluss der acht Hochschulen zu einer Footballliga Mitte der 1940er-Jahre. Der Wettbewerb zwischen ihnen ist geblieben, allerdings nicht mehr nur auf sportlicher Ebene, sondern im Bereich Forschung und Lehre.

Zur Ivy-League gehören: 

  • Brown University
  • Columbia University
  • Cornell University
  • Dartmouth College
  • Harvard University
  • University of Pennsylvania
  • Princeton University
  • Yale University

Neben den Unis der Ivy League gibt es in den USA noch weitere berühmte Elite-Unis, wie die Standford University, die University of California, Berkeley (auch UC Berkeley; beide in Kalifornien) oder das MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Da sie aber nicht so alt sind wie die Unis der Ivy League, und auch nicht so stark mit dem Football verbunden, gehören sie dem Zusammenschluss nicht an. Die Ivy League ist somit auch nicht als klassischer Hochschulverband mit akademischer Zielsetzung zu verstehen.

11 PhD positions (m/f/x) in Research Training Group on Self-Regulation (Psychology)

11 PhD positions (m/f/x) in Research Training Group on Self-Regulation (Psychology) - Universität des Saarlandes - Logo

Wissenschaftliche:r Mitarbeiter:in Media Management / Digital Business (m/w/d)

Wissenschaftliche:r Mitarbeiter:in Media Management / Digital Business (m/w/d) - Hochschule RheinMain - Logo

Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter (Doktorand) (m/w/d) an der Professur für Innovation & Digitalisierung

Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter (Doktorand) (m/w/d) an der Professur für Innovation & Digitalisierung - Technische Universität München (TUM) - Logo

Ob an einer Elite-Uni oder einer der vielen anderen, erstklassigen amerikanischen Universitäten: Die Promotion im Ausland zu verbringen hat viele Vorteile: Man sammelt wertvolle Sprach- und Kulturkenntnisse, erweitert seinen Horizont und verbessert seine späteren Karriere- und Verdienstchancen. 

Mit ihrer Vielzahl an renommierten Universitäten, die Top-Ausbildungen anbieten, sind die USA ein beliebtes Ziel für Studierende aus dem Ausland, die den Doktortitel anstreben. Internationale Anwärterinnen für einen Ph.D. („Philosophiae Doctor“ – Doktor der Philosophie ) können aus einer breiten Palette an Studiengängen wählen, etwa in den Fächern Wissenschaft, Biologie, Anthropologie, Pädagogik, Soziologie, Psychologie und Ingenieurswissenschaften, und haben nach Abschluss Aussicht auf erfolgreiche Karrieren in Wissenschaft, Forschung, Regierung oder anderen privaten oder öffentlichen Stellen. 

Für Ph.D.-Programme wird an US-Unis nur eine begrenzte Zahl an Studierenden zugelassen. Internationale Bewerber sollten sich von vornherein im Klaren sein, dass exzellente Noten allein nicht ausreichen, sondern dass sie mit Leistung und Persönlichkeit herausstechen müssen, um eine Chance zu haben!

Dauer, Bewerbung, Finanzierung

Voraussetzung für ein Ph.D.-Studium in den USA ist in der Regel ein Masterabschluss oder eine vergleichbare Qualifikation. In seltenen Fällen – etwa in berufsbildenden Studiengängen – ist ein Bachelor-abschluss ausreichend.

Die Dauer eines Ph.D.-Studiums in den USA hängt von der Studienrichtung ab. In der Regel benötigen Studierende zwischen vier und acht Jahren für Ihren Doktortitel.

Die Bewerbung für einen Ph.D. in den USA internationaler Studenten muss üblicherweise folgendes beinhalten:

  • Motivationsschreiben inkl. außerstudentischer Aktivitäten und Leistungen
  • Referenzen/Empfehlungsschreiben
  • Testresultate und Zeugnisse bisheriger Studiengänge
  • An manchen Universitäten: Nachweis eines erfolgreichen IELTS- oder TOEFL-Tests (englische Sprachtests).

Die Bewerbungsfristen für Promotionsstudiengänge in den USA liegen in der Regel zwischen Dezember und Februar, bis April erhalten Bewerbende Bescheid, ob sie zugelassen sind. Ph.D.-Studienprogramme starten in der Regel zum Herbstsemester.

Finanzierung: Wie auch einheimische Studierende werden auch angehende internationale Doktoranden in der Regel von den Universitäten mit Promotionsstipendien finanziell unterstützt. An den meisten Elite-Unis werden sie pro Studienjahr mit etwa 45.000 US-Dollar subventioniert. Manche Universitäten bieten Doktorandinnen auch Assistentenstellen an (research assistantship, teaching assistantship).

WICHTIG: Um die Doktorandentätigkeit in den USA überhaupt aufnehmen zu können, benötigen Studierende ein entsprechendes Visum oder eine Arbeits- und Aufenthaltserlaubnis (Greencard)! Auch die Frage der Krankenversicherung muss im Vorfeld geklärt werden. Unterstützung und Informationen bietet unter anderem der Deutsche Akademische Auslandsdienst (DAAD) .

Mit unserer Job-Mail erhalten Sie wöchentlich passende Stellen sowie interessante Inhalte zu Ihrem Suchprofil. 

Die Harvard University ist eine private Universität in Cambridge, Massachusetts, an der Ostküste der USA – und die älteste Universität der Vereinigten Staaten. Sie besteht aus mehreren akademischen Einheiten („Schools“), darunter die Harvard Business School (HBS), die angesehenste Business School der Welt. Absolventen schließen hier mit dem MBA ab (Master of Business Administration). Rund 20 Prozent der Studentenschaft in Harvard sind international, pro Jahr schaffen es 12 bis 14 deutsche Studenten und Studentinnen nach Harvard.

  • Ein Ph.D.-Programm an der HBS ist in acht Fachbereichen möglich, zum Beispiel Business Economics, Management und Strategy.
  • B ewerbungsanforderungen: Online-Bewerbung, Lebenslauf, Motivationsschreiben, Zeugnisse über alle Hochschulabschlüsse und Kurse, GMAT- oder GRE-Ergebnis, TOEFL-Ergebnisse, drei Empfehlungsschreiben (mindestens eines von einer akademischen Quelle), 105 US-Dollar Bewerbungsgebühr.
  • Stipendium: Finanzielle Unterstützung für bis zu fünf Jahre für alle Ph.D.-Studienanfänger (Höhe für 2022/23: 46.200 US-Dollar).

Die Stanford University ist eine private Universität in Stanford, Kalifornien, etwa 60 Kilometer südöstlich von San Francisco. Stanford ist eine der forschungsstärksten und renommiertesten Unis der Welt. An den sieben Fakultäten – darunter die Stanford Graduate School of Business – sind derzeit mehr als 16.000 Studierende eingeschrieben.

  • Ein Ph.D.-Studium an der Stanford Graduate School of Business ist in sieben Fachbereichen möglich, zum Beispiel Accounting, Marketing oder Political Economics.
  • Bewerbungsanforderungen: Motivationsschreiben, Lebenslauf, drei Empfehlungsschreiben, GMAT- oder GRE-Ergebnis, TOEFL-Ergebnis (falls vorhanden), Zeugnisse, Online-Bewerbung, 125 US-Dollar Bewerbungsgebühr.
  • Stipendium: Fünf Jahre lang finanzielle Unterstützung für alle angehenden Doktoranden bei zufriedenstellender Leistung (Höhe für 2021/22: 47.000 US-Dollar).

Das MIT ist eine private, technische Hochschule und Spitzenuniversität in Cambridge, Massachusetts, unweit der Harvard University. Das MIT verfügt über fünf Fakultäten (Schools) mit den Schwerpunkten Architektur, Ingenieurwesen, Human-, Wirtschafts- und Naturwissenschaften. Promotionsabschlüsse werden in vielen Fachbereichen angeboten, wie zum Beispiel Mathematik, Mikrobiologie und Physik.

Für einen Ph.D. im Fachbereich Mathematik gilt:

  • Bewerbungsanforderungen: Online-Bewerbung, Motivationsschreiben, drei Empfehlungsschreiben, Zeugnisse (bei Zulassung erforderlich), IELTS- oder TOEFL-Ergebnis, 75 US-Dollar Bewerbungsgebühr.
  • Finanzielle Unterstützung für alle zugelassenen Studierenden in Höhe von durchschnittlich 44.000 US-Dollar pro Studienjahr (Einzelheiten zur Finanzierung in Stipendienangeboten für Doktoranden festgehalten).
  • Das Bewerbungsverfahren ist aufwändig und es gibt Bewerbungsfristen. Daher ist es wichtig, für die Zusammenstellung der Unterlagen und die Vorbereitung auf den Auswahlprozess ausreichend Zeit einzuplanen . 
  • Gute Noten allein reichen nicht aus , denn die haben (fast) alle, die sich an einer Elite-Uni bewerben – den Unterschied macht das Motivationsschreiben! Hier gilt es, sich von der Masse abzuheben und seine Persönlichkeit zu präsentieren. 
  • Ein 08/15-Lebenslauf hat wenig Erfolgsaussichten. Außerschulische Qualifikationen , soziales Engagement, Sprachen und Sport sind von großer Bedeutung.
  • Aus der Bewerbung sollte hervorgehen, warum ausgerechnet diese Uni die Traum-Uni ist. Ein Besuch vor Ort kann helfen, Eindrücke und Informationen zu sammeln, und die Begeisterung in der Bewerbung besser auszudrücken.
  • Alternativ oder zusätzlich hilft der Kontakt zu Personen, die an der Wunsch-Uni studieren oder studiert haben. Das kann wertvolle Tipps für den Bewerbungsprozess liefern – und vielleicht findet sich sogar ein Mentor oder eine Mentorin.

Weitere Ratgeber zum Thema Promotion

 Eine Frau an einer Weggabelung: Welcher Weg (zum Doktortitel) ist der richtige?

Welcher ist der richtige Weg zur Promotion? academics hilft bei der Entscheidung zwischen Graduiertenschule oder traditioneller Promotion mit Doktorvater/-mutter.

Straße als Symbolbild fuer Doktortitel fuehren

Ab wann und unter welchen Voraussetzungen dürfen Promovierte sich „Doktor“ nennen – und gibt es eine Pflicht, den Titel zu führen?

Fernglas Symbolbild Doktorvater finden

Wer promovieren möchte, braucht ein Dissertationsthema – und einen Doktorvater oder eine Doktormutter, der oder die das Vorhaben betreut.

Tippen Motivationsschreiben Promotion

Es ist der wichtigste Bestandteil für die Bewerbung an einer Graduiertenschule: Das Motivationsschreiben. Hier finden Sie Tipps zu Inhalt und Gestaltung.

phd in den usa kosten

  • Doktorgrad Ph.D.

Gruppe von Absolventen mit Doktorhut

Promovieren in den USA Doktorgrad Ph.D.

Der Weg zum Doktorgrad Ph.D. in den USA unterscheidet sich deutlich von dem in Deutschland. Doch beide steuern in dieselbe Richtung.

Es ist nicht überraschend, dass die Größe und Diversität der USA sich auch in dessen Hochschul- und Promotionssystem wiederspiegelt. So gibt es eine große Bandbreite an postsecondary institutions, die alle im weitesten Sinne zu Hochschulen gezählt werden können. Auf die 325 Millionen Einwohner der USA  kommen derzeit über 6.500 Hochschuleinrichtungen. Davon verleiht nur ein Bruchteil – 436 im Jahr 2016 – forschungsbasierte Doktorgrade, den research doctorate Ph.D. Somit bilden weniger als zehn Prozent der Institutionen die Forscher und Hochschullehrer für die gesamte große und heterogene Gruppe aller Hochschuleinrichtungen aus.

Unter den promotionsanbietenden Hochschulen wird zwischen öffentlichen (public), privaten gemeinnützigen (private, not-for-profit) und privaten gewinnorientierten (private, for-profit) Einrichtungen unterschieden. Die Höhe der Stipendien für Doktoranden ist meist an privaten Einrichtungen höher und der Umfang der dafür im Gegenzug verlangten Lehrleistungen der Doktoranden niedriger. Ein weiterer Unterschied ist die Selektivität der Doktorandenprogramme bei der Zulassung. Ein Beispiel aus der Anglistik: Von den etwa 300 Bewerbern für das Promotionsprogramm der öffentlichen City University of New York (CUNY) werden 30 Doktoranden ausgewählt, bei der privaten Columbia University  bewerben sich jährlich auf etwa 15 Promotionsplätze 700 Kandidatinnen und Kandidaten. Die Promotionsbedingungen können also im gleichen Fach an zwei Universitäten in der gleichen Stadt sehr verschieden sein.

Ph.D. über strukturierte Promotionsprogramme

Insgesamt werden in den USA jährlich über 50.000 Forschungs-Doktorgrade verliehen, die zu 100 Prozent in strukturierten Promotionsprogrammen erworben werden. Dabei absolvieren die Doktorandinnen und Doktoranden, die sich in aller Regel nach dem Bachelorabschluss bei graduate schools bewerben, erst eine zwei- bis dreijährige Kursphase (course work). Diese umfasst Pflicht- und Wahlseminare, Kolloquien, spezielle Literaturseminare (journal clubs), Laborrotationen in den Naturwissenschaften, und mehrere Prüfungen.

Der Übergang zur Dissertationsphase ist selektiv angelegt und beinhaltet meist eine umfangreiche schriftliche, zum Teil auch mündliche Prüfung, sowie weitere Teilleistungen wie einen publizierten Artikel, Rezensionen, Präsentationen bei Tagungen oder bestandene Hausarbeiten (problem sets). Beim Nichtbestehen der Übergangsprüfung scheiden Kandidaten oft mit einem Masterabschluss aus der graduate school aus.

"Die lange Durchschnitts-Promo­tionsdauer ist auch in den USA ein viel diskutiertes Thema."

Die lange Durchschnitts-Promotionsdauer ist auch in den USA ein viel diskutiertes Thema. Obwohl sie in allen Fachdisziplinen über die Jahrzehnte abgenommen hat, beträgt sie je nach Fach sechs bis 12 Jahre. Ein Faktor ist dabei der Beginn der Doktorandenausbildung bereits nach dem Bachelorabschluss mit einer meist zweijährigen Kursphase, die in etwa dem deutschen Masterstudium entspricht. Ein weiterer Faktor ist, dass es in den USA keine Habilitation gibt, sodass die Doktoranden zumindest theoretisch alle Kenntnisse und Qualifikationen für eine akademische Laufbahn während der Promotion erwerben müssen. In den Ingenieur- und Naturwissenschaften wird diese Funktion durch eine quasi fest zur Promotion dazugehörende Postdoc-Phase unterstützt.

Als weitere Ursachen werden die ungenügende Finanzierung der Doktoranden genannt sowie damit zusammenhängend die systemimmanenten Forschungs- und Lehrassistentenstellen, die viele Vorteile haben, allerdings überwiegend keinen engen Bezug zum Dissertationsthema, sodass sie sich tendenziell promotionsverlängernd auswirken. Lösungsansätze sind eine Verdichtung und Verkürzung der Kursphase sowie ein noch verbindlicheres Monitoring der Promotionsfortschritte.

Verbesserung der Betreuungsqualität durch graduate schools 

Im Gegensatz zu Deutschland, wo nach wie vor nur circa 20 Prozent aller Doktoranden in einem strukturierten Programm sind, promovieren in den USA alle Doktoranden in einer graduate school. Diese fachübergreifende Dachstruktur unterhält eine Reihe von Maßnahmen, die eine höhere Betreuungsquantität erzeugen und in der Regel auch die Betreuungsqualität verbessern. Ein wichtiger Aspekt ist die multiple Betreuung während der gesamten Promotion. Es gibt stets mehrere Betreuer, Mentoren und Ansprechpartner, sowohl innerhalb des Fachbereichs (in der Regel mindestens vier Mitglieder des doctoral committees), als auch in der fachübergreifenden graduate school. Teilleistungen der Promotion werden in der Regel im Vorfeld festgelegt, mit transparenten Fristen versehen und an Doktoranden und Betreuer kommuniziert.

So achten Mitglieder der Kommission während regelmäßiger und zum Teil schriftlich dokumentierter Besprechungen auf den Promotionsfortschritt und die Qualität der Dissertation. Eine noch vor die Aufnahme in das Doktorandenprogramm geschaltete Maßnahme der Qualitätssicherung ist in vielen geisteswissenschaftlichen Programmen die Abgabe einer 10-20 seitigen Arbeitsprobe als verpflichtender Teil des generell formalisierten, selektiven Aufnahmeverfahrens.

Ein weiteres Instrument ist oftmals die verpflichtende Abgabe des Dissertationsexposés spätestens nach einem Jahr. Das Exposé muss in einem formalisierten Verfahren von den Kommissionsmitgliedern genehmigt und in manchen Programmen von den Doktoranden verteidigt werden. Ein ähnlich aufwändiges Verfahren ist vielerorts auch nach der Abfassung des ersten Kapitels der Dissertation und nach weiteren Kapiteln üblich. So wird in regelmäßigen Abschnitten durch Fachvertreter ein gemeinsamer Maßstab gesetzt für die durchgängige Qualität der Arbeit.

Am Ende muss die Dissertation verteidigt (thesis defense) aber nicht verpflichtend veröffentlicht werden – möglicherweise eine Konsequenz der stark diversifizierten Hochschullandschaft, in der nicht in jedem Fall ein öffentlich kommunizierter eigener Forschungsnachweis für die weitere berufliche Karriere essenziell ist.

Promotion: Erworbene Kompetenzen müssen auch auf nicht-akademische Berufe vorbereiten

Zu lang, zu teuer, und auf einen idealisierten akademischen Arbeitsmarkt vorbereitend, den es schon lange nicht mehr gibt: So wird die Kritik an der Promotionskultur in den USA in dem "2018 Trends Report" des Chronicle of Higher Education zusammengefasst. Aber der Bericht gibt auch konstruktive Beispiele, wie dieser Kritik entgegengewirkt wird. So unterstützen Fachgesellschaften wie die American Historical Association Programme, in denen Doktoranden Einblicke in den außerakademischen Arbeitsmarkt erhalten und die dort nötigen Qualifikationen erlernen können. Auch die traditionelle Form der Dissertation als Monographie wird vielerorts überdacht und Alternativen wie kumulative Dissertationsleistungen erprobt.

"Die traditionelle Funktion der Promo­tion als Vorbereitung auf eine Hochschul­laufbahn verschiebt sich."

Das Ziel liegt auf der Hand – Doktoranden sollen während der Promotion Kompetenzen erwerben, die sie auch auf nicht-akademische Berufe vorbereiten. Gleichzeitig müssen, durch die fehlende Habilitation und dadurch frühere selbständige Tätigkeit in Forschung und Lehre, alle dafür benötigten Qualifikationen im Kern während der Promotion erlangt werden. So ändert sich zurzeit die Funktion des Doktorgrads in den USA in eine Richtung, die aus der deutschen Promotionskultur bekannt ist: Die traditionelle Funktion als Vorbereitung auf eine Hochschullaufbahn verschiebt sich in Folge einer breiten Diskussion über eine nötige Anpassung der Inhalte an die Realität der späteren beruflichen Bedürfnisse der Absolventen in Richtung der aus Deutschland bekannten polyvalenten Funktion des Doktorgrads.

Aus Forschung & Lehre 4/18

Titelthema "promotion".

Mit Beiträgen von:

Dr. Ulrich Rasche, Prof. Dr. Roy Sommer, Dr. Eva Bosbach, Prof. Dr. Edmund Brandt, Hans-Werner Rückert und Kolja Briedis

Erfahren Sie mehr in der aktuellen Ausgabe von Forschung & Lehre .

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Home » Bildungschannels » Studium » Promovieren als Deutscher in den USA

Promovieren als Deutscher in den USA

Promovieren als Deutscher in den USA

Immer mehr Studenten entscheiden sich im Anschluss an ihren Master-Abschluss für eine Promotion, die nicht nur hierzulande möglich ist. So zieht es viele in die USA, doch welche Voraussetzungen gilt es zu beachten? Wie lange dauert eine Promotion in den USA und wie viel kostet ein derartiges Vorhaben überhaupt?

Wo kann man promovieren und welche Programme gibt es?

Bei einer Promotion handelt es sich um die Verleihung des akademischen Grades des „Doktors“ bzw. der „Doktorin“. Dieser weist die Befähigung zu vertiefter wissenschaftlicher Arbeit nach. Im Land der unbegrenzten Möglichkeiten gibt es insgesamt 21 verschiedene Universitäten, die Doktorandenprogramme anbieten. Hierbei handelt es sich um Folgende:

Die drei Universitäten mit den meisten Doktorprogrammen sind die George Mason University in Fairfax (40), die Northeastern University in Boston (41) sowie die Saint Louis University in St. Louis (42).

Auch die Studienprogramme sind äußerst vielfältig und können mit den hierzulande angebotenen Programmen locker mithalten. Neben konventionellen Doktorprogrammen wie zum Beispiel in Mathematik, Physik, Psychologie, Wirtschaft, Geschichte, Englisch, Bauingenieurswesen und Rechtswissenschaften werden auch speziellere Kurse wie Audiologie oder Krankenpflege geboten, die man in Deutschland vergebens sucht. Im Hinblick auf die Regelstudienzeit unterscheiden sich die die Promotionsangebote der beiden Länder auch nur unwesentlich, dauert die Promotion in der Regel doch etwa drei bis vier Jahre (genaue Studienzeit hängt natürlich vom jeweiligen Fach ab). Im Zentrum einer jeden Promotion steht eine selbst verfasste Dissertation.

Welche Voraussetzungen müssen für eine Promotion erfüllt werden?

Um an einem Promotionsstudiengang teilnehmen zu können, benötigt man in der Regel einen Masterabschluss oder eine vergleichbare Qualifikation. Nur in seltenen Fällen wie zum Beispiel bei berufsbildenden Studiengängen (Audiologie an der Northeastern University, Physiotherapie an der Bellarmine University und Erziehung an der California State University Stanislaus) reicht manchmal auch ein Bachelorabschluss. [insert related]

Da für den Doktor gewöhnlich nur eine begrenzte Anzahl an Bewerbern zugelassen wird, sollte man imstande sein, herausragende Leistungen in Gestalt eines guten bis sehr guten Examens vorweisen zu können. Bewerber, die nicht aus einem englischsprachigen Land stammen, müssen zudem einen standardisierten Sprachtest wie den IELTS oder TOEFL absolvieren und beweisen, dass sie über die nötigen Englischkenntnisse verfügen, um dem Unterricht folgen zu können. Bei manchen Studiengängen ist es darüber hinaus notwendig, seine Fähigkeiten in der Forschung (entsprechende Techniken und Methoden) unter Beweis zu stellen. Da einige Studiengänge noch weitere Voraussetzungen an ihre Bewerber stellen, ist es in jedem Fall empfehlenswert, sich im Vorfeld genauestens bei den jeweiligen Universitäten zu informieren.

Wie hoch sind die Kosten?

Die Kosten für eine Promotion hängen vom jeweiligen Fach und der individuellen Studiendauer ab. Zu den Teilnahmekosten und den Studiengebühren kommen Lebenshaltungskosten für Verpflegung und Unterkunft hinzu. Die Studiengebühren werden je nach Universität pro Semester oder Credit Hour (anrechenbare Vorlesungsstunde) berechnet. Diese belaufen sich im Durchschnitt auf rund 14.300 US-Dollar pro Semester. Wer eine Promotion in Erziehungswissenschaften anstrebt, kommt mit etwa 10.500 US-Dollar noch etwas billiger weg, die Lebenswissenschaften (etwa 14.700 US-Dollar) und die Studiengänge Mathematik und Informatik (rund 15.400 US-Dollar) liegen in Sachen Kosten hingegen über dem Durchschnitt. Alles in allem belaufen sich die durchschnittlichen Gesamtkosten auf etwa 33.400 US-Dollar (pro Semester), was nicht gerade günstig ist.

Aus diesem Grund sollte man es sich im Vorfeld gut überlegen, ob man eine derartige finanzielle Belastung überhaupt bewältigen kann. Vergleicht man die heutigen Kosten pro Jahr für ein Promotionsstudium in den USA mit denen vor zehn Jahren, fällt schnell auf, dass diese an einer staatlichen Uni um 49 Prozent und an einer privaten Uni um satte 79 Prozent gestiegen sind.

Verglichen mit einer Promotion in Deutschland sind die Kosten schon fast astronomisch. Dies ist darauf zurückzuführen, dass hierzulande für eine Promotion keine Studiengebühren erhoben werden und infolgedessen lediglich Kosten für den eigenen Lebensunterhalt und die Forschungsarbeit anfallen.

Welche Finanzierungsmöglichkeiten gib es?

Um diese enormen Kosten stemmen zu können, gibt es insgesamt vier verschiedene Arten, wie Doktoranden die Promotion finanzieren können:

  • Eigenfinanzierung (eigene Mittel, Finanzierung durch Angehörige oder berufliche Tätigkeit neben der Hochschule)
  • Promotionsstipendien oder –anleihen
  • Tätigkeit als Forschungsassistent (bei Projekten eines Betreuers; so genannte„research assistantship“)
  • Tätigkeit als Lehrassistent (entweder über Mittel der Universität oder als öffentliches Stipendium; so genannte „teaching assistantship“).

Im Gegensatz zu Deutschland gibt es in den USA an den Universitäten allerdings keine Stellen als wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiter, die in irgendeiner Art und Weise der Lehre oder der Qualifikation dienen könnten. Laut Angaben des Councils of Graduate Schools bekommen rund 93 Prozent der Doktoranden in den USA finanzielle Unterstützung (durchschnittlich 26.000 US-Dollar) in Gestalt der im Vorfeld genannten Möglichkeiten. Etwa 22 Prozent der Doktoranden erhalten „teaching assistantships“, weitere 24 Prozent „research asssistantships“.

Heutzutage gibt viel mehr deutsche als amerikanische Institutionen, die deutschen Doktoranden in den USA mit einem Stipendium unter die Arme greifen. Voraussetzung hierfür ist natürlich ein Studium mit sehr guten Leistungen sowie zum Teil auch Engagement im gesellschaftlichen und sozialen Bereich. In diesem Zusammenhang kann man zwischen einem Voll- und einem Teilstipendium unterscheiden. Je nach Art des Stipendiums ist es also durchaus möglich, dass alle Kosten, d.h. sowohl die für die Studiengebühren als auch die für den Lebensunterhalt gedeckt werden. Übersicht deutscher Institutionen

  • Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD)
  • Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung
  • Bayerische Forschungsstiftung
  • Christoph-Dornier-Stiftung
  • Erich-Becker-Stiftung
  • Schering-Stiftung

Übersicht amerikanischer Institutionen

  • German Historical Institute
  • International Education Financial Aid (IEFA)
  • The German-American Fulbright Commission
  • American Council of Learned Societies (ACLS)

Arbeiten als Doktorand in den USA

Wer in den USA eine Beschäftigung aufnehmen möchte, muss entweder im Besitz eines entsprechenden Visums oder einer Arbeits- und Aufenthaltserlaubnis (Greencard) sein. Alles andere als ratsam ist es hingegen, mit einem Touristenvisum einzureisen und einfach eine Beschäftigung aufzunehmen, oder sich die dafür notwendigen Dokumente im Laufe des Aufenthalts beschaffen zu wollen.

Für eine Greencard, die ansonsten ausschließlich unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen erteilt wird (z.B. Auswanderung, US-amerikanischer Ehepartner), kann man sich im Lotterieverfahren bewerben. Diese ist jedoch nicht zwingend notwendig, denn wer einer vorübergehenden, befristeten Beschäftigung nachgehen will, kann auch einfach ein spezielles Visum beantragen. In diesem Zusammenhang unterscheidet man zwischen dem H-1B Visum (für Hochqualifizierte Arbeitnehmer in Spezialberufen), dem H-2B Visum (für Facharbeitskräfte auf Zeit) sowie dem J-1 Visum (für Teilnehmer an Austauschprogrammen). Weiterhin ist es möglich ihre Familienangehörigen über ein J-2 Visum mitzunehmen.

Wer in den USA promovieren möchte, muss sich darüber im Klaren sein, dass dies in der Regel erhebliche Kosten für Studiengebühren und Lebenshaltung mit sich bringt. Zudem muss man hervorragende Leistungen vorweisen und die englische Sprache beherrschen können. Mit Hilfe von Stipendien und Assistantships lässt sich jedoch zumindest das Kostenproblem erheblich schmälern. Ein weiterer positiver Aspekt ist die Tatsache, dass für berufsbildende Studiengänge gewöhnlich auch schon Bachelor-Absolventen zugelassen werden.

Tags: Abschlüsse , Ausland , Doktorand , Finanzierung , Promotion , USA

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Studying a PhD in The USA - The Complete Guide

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PhD USA

The USA is a favourable postgraduate study destination for international students due to the high standard of academic study and the wide variety of subjects. By undertaking a PhD in the USA, you will find yourself becoming an internationally recognised expert in your chosen field.

A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) from the USA is considered the highest awarded degree in many US universities and institutes for most fields of study. For many international students, it's a dream course that offers an exciting new life chapter.

Attending Grad School for a PhD in the USA is not the same as undertaking a PhD in Europe or the UK , it can often be a different experience. However, studying abroad will improve your global cultural understanding in addition to your network of contacts for your future career. A PhD degree is often required when you apply for high-level management jobs, government expert positions, and careers like a university professor, researcher, or scientist in many fields.

There are a multitude of reasons why the United States is a fantastic choice for your PhD studies. Here’s everything you need to know about studying a PhD in the USA.

Studying a PhD in the USA

1. PhD course length

The total length of a PhD in the USA is between 4-8 years for full-time students and 8-10 years for part-time students, depending on your field of study. PhDs can be completed in 4-5 years for students with a masters degree in an appropriate subject. Students typically dedicate 1-4 years on coursework, followed by 2-4 years of dissertation work. In the USA, the academic year is divided into two teaching semesters: August to December and January to May. 

Having a longer duration for your PhD allows for greater opportunities to adjust to your course and find your footing. This enables you to concentrate on developing a more comprehensive understanding of your chosen subject at a more relaxed pace.

2. World-class universities

The US repeatedly tops the charts of worldwide ranking universities , so what better place to do your PhD studies? Although rankings shouldn’t be the main deciding factor when making your PhD choice, they're a great indicator of educational expertise.

There are many factors to consider when choosing the location for your PhD. Does the university have a high employability rate after graduation? Are you wanting to go public or private university? What kind of research facilities do they have? 

Be sure to do some research before making a decision on your perfect place of study.

3. International community

The United States is a popular choice for international students from all over the world – making it an inspirational and cosmopolitan choice for your PhD studies. No matter what your choice of academic study is, you are guaranteed to find a diverse community that welcomes students from all backgrounds. 

4. Affordable tuition fees 

There are various tuition fee options available for PhD students regardless of your budget. The American higher education system is often associated with high fees and substantial student debt, but in fact, studying at an American university isn't always expensive, and many institutions offer affordable courses. For instance, PhD costs range from $28,000 to $55,000 annually, which shows that finding a PhD course that’s more affordable is possible. 

5. Student experience

American universities typically have vibrant campus communities with a wide range of extracurricular activities, clubs and organisations. As a student, you will have the opportunity to engage in various social, cultural and recreational activities alongside your academic studies.

6. Student support

American universities typically provide comprehensive support services to assist you on your PhD journey. These services may include academic advising, counselling, career services, libraries, writing centres and various student organisations aimed at fostering your personal and professional development.

7. Land of opportunity

It's fair to say that student life in the USA offers something for everyone, regardless of what you're looking for from a PhD. With 50 states, six time zones, and thousands of higher-education providers, there's an opportunity waiting for every individual across the globe.

So let’s take a look at some of the key factors to consider when studying for a PhD in the USA.

Studying a PhD in the USA: top tips

Who is eligible for a phd in the usa.

To be eligible for PhD in the USA, generally students should have completed a graduate degree with a minimum GPA of 3.0, provide proof of English language proficiency, GRE scores and other supporting documents.  The eligibility criteria for a PhD in the USA can vary depending on the specific university and program. 

Can I get a PhD without a masters degree?

Yes, you can pursue a PhD without having a masters. Universities in the USA do not require a masters for you to apply. Because of the graduate programs in the US, you will receive your masters degree once you have completed your coursework stage. This practice combines the masters and PhD into one.

The eligibility criteria and requirements for direct entry PhD programs vary among institutions and fields of study, so it is advisable to check the entry requirements of the specific university or course you are interested in.

How to apply for a PhD in the USA

When applying for your chosen subject in the USA, you should expect to provide relevant information and statements to the university. This will include:

Completed application form – provided by your preferred university.

A personal statement – on why you want to study the subject, your research interests and career goals. Be sure to include any extracurricular activities and achievements within the body of your statement.

References – universities will expect that your referees will recommend you for the chosen course.

Test scores and grades – you will generally need to submit scores from standardised tests like the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) or the Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT). 

English language proficiency – international applicants whose native language is not English usually need to provide proof of English language proficiency through tests like the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) or the International English Language Testing System (IELTS). It varies from institution to institution, but international students in the USA are required to have a TOEFL score of about 90.

Samples of work – it is recommended that you provide some work you have done that is relevant to your chosen subject. You may even be asked to complete a small task during the application process.

The application fee. 

Method of study

Compared to the UK and Europe , studying a PhD in the USA involves several key differences. Students in the USA are usually in direct contact with their professor, compared with those in the UK where students might find that their PhD program is headed by a professor who gives them a little less flexibility to change their research and study areas. There can be several cultural differences between UK, Europe, and USA university lifestyles. US students are expected to undertake a great deal of teaching and marking, as opposed to PhD students in Europe. 

As a result, you may have less free time outside of the university when pursuing a PhD in the USA.

Application for PhD In USA

When applying for your chosen subject, you should expect to provide relevant information and statements to the university. This might include:

A personal statement on why you want to study the subject. Be sure to include any extra-curricular activities and achievements within the body of your statement.

References. Universities will expect that your referees will recommend you for the chosen course.

Test scores and grades. It is important that you provide a list of your awarded grades from previous courses you have studied.

Samples of work. It is recommended that you provide some work you have done that is relevant to your chosen subject. You may even be asked to complete a small task during the application process.

UK and Europe students decide on their PhD thesis subject area before they apply . While taking classes at a graduate level, prospective PhD students in the USA spend up to a year or two deciding on their specific research subject. It is normal to apply for up to six institutions for a PhD in the USA, and students apply to each institution separately as there is no central organisation. 

Students in the UK and Europe are expected to apply with an understanding of the subject already, usually in the form of a masters degree, and be ready to start studying at the PhD level straight away. In the USA it is expected that students do not have an in-depth understanding of their subject as they usually only have an undergraduate degree when they apply. 

When should I start applying for a PhD in the USA?

Deadlines for applications to PhD programs in the USA tend to be between December and February, and institutions should let you know about your application by April. Most US institutions recommend that you apply as far in advance as you possibly can to give them, and you, plenty of time to make arrangements. 

Universities in the USA do not require a masters for you to apply as well. Because of the graduate programs in the US, you will receive your masters degree once you have completed your coursework stage. This practice combines the masters and PhD into one.

It varies from institution to institution, but international students in the USA are required to have a TOEFL score of about 90.

Funding your PhD in USA

PhD students are very likely to receive financial support in the form of PhD scholarships ; some USA PhD students also receive PhD studentships .

Making your PhD application in plenty of time allows you more time to apply for and arrange your PhD funding. Many students find that funding can cover much, or all, of the cost of their PhD studies in the USA, which ranges between $28,000 and $40,000. Deadlines for funding applications can be as early as December before starting your studies in the Autumn/Fall. 

There are two types of PhD funding: fully funded, which pays for the student's graduate school tuition fees, accommodation, and living expenses, or partially funded, which pays for the student's tuition only partially or fully.

Can a PhD be fully funded?

Yes, many top universities in the USA offer fully funded PhD programs for eligible students. This funding pays for the student's graduate school tuition fees, accommodation and living expenses. Partially funded PhDs only cover the student's tuition in part or in full.

Some PhD students will receive a stipend from their institution with an assistantship position, but this varies between institutions and between departments within institutions. Other students can find funding from both their own and the American government, and there are plenty of American government schemes like The Fulbright Program that offer funds.

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How long does it take to study a PhD in the USA?

For part-time students in the USA, a PhD can take eight to ten years, but it usually takes five to six years for full-time students. PhDs can be completed in four to five years rather than five or six for students with a masters degree in an appropriate subject.

Top 10 ranked American universities

Based on 2024 Times Higher Education's World University Rankings data, the following table shows which US universities rank the highest.

Our PhD bursary winner & funding opportunity

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PhD Courses in USA

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A PhD is the highest degree awarded at global universities. The study is based on a substantial research project in an area of academic interest, typically up to 100,000 words in length, written as a thesis which must be defended in an oral examination at the end of the program. All PhD students are assigned a supervisor, and the duration of a PhD is typically three years full-time and six years part-time.

Very few research degrees feature taught modules, and as such a student is expected to take more responsibility for their work and schedule. Universities in the USA are known for their academic excellence and state-of-the-art research infrastructure, along with their support for enterprise partnerships.  

PhD Entry Requirements

US institutions are free to admit anyone to a PhD program, with admission generally conditional on the prospective student having completed an undergraduate degree with at least upper second-class honours, as well as a master's degree . English language ability proof is a must, and a minimum IELTS score of 6.5 is generally required. There is usually a first-year assessment to remain in the study, and the thesis is submitted at the end of the completed program.

Once you have decided on an area of research and have looked into how you will fund your study, there are a number of documents required when submitting your application. They include:

  • Academic transcripts
  • Academic references
  • Personal statement
  • Research proposal

- PhD Research Proposal

A research proposal is required by all students when applying to study for a PhD. The proposal should address the research you wish to undertake, how you will do it, and why it is important. A panel of experts must accept the proposal before your program can begin.

How much does a PhD cost in the USA?

Funding and researching a PhD can be expensive. A PhD can cost between $20,000 and $40,000 per year, but dedicated scholarships can help support your PhD. It is rare for a PhD student not to be supported by some form of bursary, grant or scholarship .

Study a PhD in the USA

If you are interested in studying for a research degree in the USA, arrange a free consultation with SI-USA today.

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19 september 2023, 08 september 2023, 7 june 2024, study in the usa blog, studying in usa, popular master's courses at the university of central florida.

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List of Fully Funded Ph.D. Scholarships in USA 2025

Do you want to start your study adventure in USA? Good news! A number of fully funded scholarships are available in United States of America for international students. In this article we will explain in detail about fully funded scholarships offered in top universities in USA, their benefits and step by step application process.

More than 1500 fully funded Ph.D. scholarships 2025-2026 are available at USA’s top universities for international students. These scholarships provide an average monthly stipend of $1500 along with tuition fees, accommodation charges, health insurance, and travel allowance.

Apply for fully funded scholarships and fulfill your dream of studying at world top universities like Yale University USA, Harvard University USA, Clark University, Kellogg Institute, Schlumberger Foundation and many more.

1.  Fulbright Scholarships USA

phd in den usa kosten

Fulbright Scholarships are fully funded scholarships for international students. These scholarships are only offered for masters and PhD studies. The Fulbright Foreign Student Program covers full tuition fee, a living stipend, a full accommodation fee, airfare, and health insurance.

  • Institution:  USA Universities
  • Level of Study:  Masters / PhD
  • Click here for deadlines and a step-by-step application process.

2.  Stanford University Scholarships

phd in den usa kosten

Stanford University Scholarship is a fully funded scholarship for international students. This scholarship is offered for Masters and Ph.D studies. This scholarship is offering full tuition fees, traveling allowance, Living allowance and academic expenses.

  • Institution:  Stanford University

3.  Yale University Scholarships USA

phd in den usa kosten

Yale University Scholarship is a fully funded scholarship for international students. This scholarship is offered for undergraduate, masters and PhD. Yale Scholarship can vary from a few hundred dollars to over $70,000 per year; the average Yale need-based scholarship is over $50,000.

  • Institution: Yale University
  • Level of Study: Undergraduate / Masters / PhD

4. Facebook PhD Fellowship

phd in den usa kosten

Facebook Fellowship Program is a fully funded scholarship for international students. This scholarship is offered for doctoral research studies. The scholarship covers two years of study and fees, an annual stipend, and conference travel aid.

  • Institution: Facebook
  • Level of Study: Ph.D.

5. Robert S. McNamara Fellowships Program

Robert S. McNamara Fellowships Program

Robert S. McNamara Fellowships Program is a fully funded scholarship for international students. This scholarship is available for PhD studies and provides the recipient with up to $42,750 net per fellow for an 8-month fellowship.

  • Institution: World Bank

6. IMU Breakout Graduate Fellowship Program

IMU Breakout Graduate Fellowship Program

IMU Breakout Graduate Fellowship Program are fully funded PhD scholarship for international students. International Mathematical Union Scholarship value is up to a maximum of  USD 10,000 per year and covers tuition fees, accommodation, travel expenses, and living expenses.

  • Institution: International Mathematical Union

7. AAUW International Fellowship Program

AAUW Fellowship Program

AAUW Fellowship Program is a fully funded scholarship. This scholarship is offered by The American Association of University Women , USA. International students from all world countries are eligible to apply. This scholarship is only available for graduate and post-graduate studies in any subject offered by the university. AAUW Fellowship Program covers $18,000 to $30,000 per year, contingent upon meeting academic standards for renewal. 

  • Institution: The American Association of University Women
  • Level of Study: Masters/ PhD / Postdoctoral

8. ACI Foundation Scholarship

phd in den usa kosten

ACI Foundation Scholarship is a fully funded scholarship or fellowship for international students. This scholarship is offered for undergraduate, masters, PhD, and Postdoctoral studies. This scholarship provides $10,000 – $15,000 US educational stipend for tuition, residence, books, and materials.

  • Institution: ACI Foundation
  • Level of Study: Undergraduate / Masters / PhD / Postdoctoral 

9. Knight Hennesy Scholarship

Knight Hennesy Scholarship

Knight Hennesy Scholarships are fully funded scholarships for international students. These scholarships are offered for Masters and PhD studies. These scholarships cover full tuition fees, traveling allowance, Living allowance, and academic expenses.

  • Institution: Stanford University
  • Level of Study: Ph.D. / Masters

10. Kellogg Institute Visiting Fellowships

phd in den usa kosten

Kellogg Institute Visiting Fellowships are open for international students who want to pursue doctoral and post-doctoral degrees in the USA. The Kellogg Institute for International Studies has been offering visiting scholarships in a helpful society of academics since 1983 to encourage interdisciplinary global studies.

  • Institution: Kellogg Institute for International Studies
  • Study in: USA
  • Level of Study: Doctoral & Post Doctoral

11. ACI Foundation Scholarship

  • Level of Study: Ph.D. / Masters / Undergraduate / Postdoctoral

12. Schlumberger Foundation Fellowships

phd in den usa kosten

Schlumberger Foundation Faculty for the Future Fellowship is a funded scholarship for international students. This scholarship is valued at a maximum of USD 50,000 per year for a PhD and a maximum of USD 40,000 per year for a Post-doc and may be renewed through to the completion of studies.

  • Institution: Leading universities worldwide

History Ph.D. Cost

How much does it cost to earn a Ph.D. in History at UND?

UND's School of Graduate Studies is one of the best values in the nation, offering lower tuition and fees than similar Midwest four-year doctoral universities. For an affordable tuition price, our students are learning from top experts and leading research.

The work you do at UND will be worth it — in more ways than one. Depending on your field, your paycheck could jump by $1,000/month with a master's degree or more than $2,490/month with a doctoral degree. Graduate degrees can also open new career opportunities and provide personal growth.

On-Campus Tuition Costs

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Calculate Your Cost to Attend UND

Several factors can adjust your cost to attend college. Use these two calculators to help determine costs.

The cost to attend UND varies. Input your program, start term, military affiliation and current residence to quickly estimate tuition and fees.

The best way to figure out what UND will cost is to calculate your cost with financial aid. The price you actually pay is usually far less once your custom financial aid package is considered.

Graduate Assistant Funding

Many departments offer graduate research or teaching assistantship employment positions. Contact the academic department for program-specific details.

Can I get help paying for college?

Every year, UND awards more than $105 million in financial aid to help students pay for college. There are several types of financial aid that can help bring down your college costs, including:

  • Scholarships - merit-based awards that don't have to be repaid
  • Grants - need-based awards that don't have to be repaid
  • Loans - money you have to repay

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8 best PhDs that offer the highest stipends

The best PhDs not only open the gates to knowledge but also offer some of the most generous stipends to help you achieve your dream. These stipends are not just numbers; they are the lifeboat allowing you to dive headfirst into your studies without worrying about the financial tides. 

Think of the great minds that have treaded the PhD path before you – Marie Curie, Albert Einstein and Martin Luther King Jr. The secret to their success wasn’t just their brilliance; it was the support they received during their PhD journeys. 

A stipend can be the catalyst for greatness, allowing you to focus on your research, collaborate with brilliant minds, and turn your academic dreams into reality. 

The best PhDs give you more than just a qualification. It acts as a catalyst to greatness.

Types of PhD stipends

When it comes to stipends, there are two main types: financial and non-financial. Financial stipends are a helping hand for students, given without needing any specific work in return.

They appear as financial assistance on your statement at the end of the year.

On the flip side, there are stipends given in exchange for the work you put in at the university. These aren’t considered financial aid; instead, they’re like salaries 

You might be wondering if your stipend is subject to taxation. Well, it depends on the type. If it’s a financial stipend, it’s generally not taxable. It’s like a gift to help you out.

However, if your stipend is in exchange for your university efforts, like work or research, it’s considered income and is subject to taxation.

The best PhDs have great stipends — which you should treat as a package. Source: AFP

PhD stipends: It’s a package

Your PhD stipend is made up of several important components to support you through your academic journey.

The living stipend is the main part, covering your accommodation, food, transportation and other daily needs.

It’s the primary source of financial support, and how much you get can vary based on factors like location, school, major and cost of living. 

The tuition waiver or fellowship is a significant perk considering the often hefty costs of a PhD education, especially in fields like Chemistry or other STEM subjects.

Health insurance is another crucial part of the package, ensuring you have access to affordable medical care to keep you healthy and productive. 

Then there’s the research grant or funding, providing extra money for things like textbooks, research materials, and conference fees.

As you delve into your academic journey, you might also find yourself as a teaching assistant (TA) or research assistant (RA), gaining work experience and building valuable professional connections.

So, your PhD stipend isn’t just about the financial support – it’s a comprehensive package designed to nurture and propel you forward in your academic pursuits.

The most powerful people in the world listen to those with the best PhDs. In this photo, India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi and US First Lady Jill Biden listen to Anchal Sharma, a PhD candidate at the Indian Institute of Technology. Source: AFP

PhD stipends: More than just financial aid  

It’s important to treat your PhD stipend as something more than just scholarship money or salary.

Consider investing in specialised training courses or workshops relevant to your field.

Use your stipend to enrol in programmes that deepen your expertise and introduce you to the latest trends.

Think of it as adding layers to your professional skillset, making you a sought-after expert in your field.

Another useful way to make good use of your PhD stipend is by attending conferences and networking events.

Allocate registration fees, travel and accommodation funds to immerse yourself in a sea of knowledge and connections.

Conferences are like treasure troves of insights, letting you learn from industry leaders and exchange ideas with peers.

Networking at these events can open doors to collaborations, job opportunities and a broader understanding of your field.

Your stipend is a golden ticket, allowing you to actively participate in your professional community and stay updated on cutting-edge developments. 

Salary vs stipend

Your salary is like a regular paycheck you get for your job – it’s consistent, predictable and typically based on the hours you work or the tasks you complete.

It’s your stable income, like a steady river flowing into your bank account.

On the other hand, a stipend is more like a fund for a specific purpose, usually tied to education, research or training.

It’s not your regular 9-to-5 wage. It’s an allowance to support you in certain activities, such as pursuing a degree, researching, or attending professional development opportunities.

While a salary is your everyday bread and butter, a stipend is more like the extra toppings – there for a specific reason and not necessarily a routine.

So, who gets to hop on the stipend train? Usually, it’s candidates who are engaged in specific activities that need a bit of financial backing.

Students diving into research, interns honing their skills, or anyone pursuing specialised training are likely candidates.

Stipends often aim to support learning, growth or projects rather than being your everyday paycheck. It’s like a boost for those dedicating their time and effort to something beyond their regular work.

So, if you’re on a mission to deepen your knowledge, contribute to research or enhance your skills in a particular field, chances are you could receive a stipend.

When it comes to PhD programmes, the pay and stipends can vary . Generally, STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) PhD programmes offer higher stipends than other fields.

For example, in the US, institutions like MIT and Stanford are known for generous stipends for STEM candidates. These stipends often cover tuition, living expenses and even healthcare. 

The best PhDs can help you develop valuable transferrable skills which are valuble in the working world. Source: ETX

1. Stanford University

Stanford University is renowned for having the best PhD programmes in the world. This is mainly due to the fact that it offers one of the highest stipends globally, securing its position as a top-tier institution for doctoral candidates. 

In the 2020/2021 academic year, PhD students at Stanford University received a stipend or teaching assistantship of US$45,850 , marking it the world’s highest-paid PhD stipend.

Newly admitted PhD candidates automatically qualify for financial assistance for up to five years, provided they maintain a good academic record and meet the stipend requirements.

This support of fellowship salary, research or teaching assistantship showcases the university’s dedication to offering one of the most competitive PhD stipends.

Stipends are distributed shortly after students meet the minimum enrolment requirements, and any obligatory expenses, such as university housing rent, are deducted before the stipend is issued. 

Earning a PhD can be costly both in terms of time and money, and it may take several years to complete a successful doctoral programme. Source: ETX

2. Princeton University

Embarking on a PhD at Princeton University promises academic excellence — and positions you among recipients of one of the highest-paid stipends in the US. 

In February, The Daily Princetonian reported that the Princeton Graduate Students United (PGSU) has announced that the university will raise some graduate student stipends by US$5,000 in the 2023/24 academic year.

This made the annual stipend rate for this academic year b etween US$47,880 and US$50,400 .  

If you’re a new incoming graduate student, you’ll be paid your first fellowship stipend in full for the month of August .

The best PhDs can help students build relationships with professionals in their field, learn about job opportunities and gain insight into industry trends and best practices. Source: ETX

3. University Of South Carolina

The University of South Carolina is a top institution with one of the best PhD programmes, offering some of the highest stipends to its students. 

From 2022, the university’s minimum total stipend has been US$34,000.

This makes the minimum monthly rate of at least US$3,778 for programmes that operate on a nine-month schedule and US$2,834 for those on a 12-month schedule.

There’s a “Provost Fellowship Top Off” valued at US$2,000, bringing a student’s stipend to at least US$36,000.

The university’s commitment extends to various scholarships, including the IRIX/David L. Coffen Fellowship and the Jerome D. Odom Fellowship, both in the field of chemistry.

The highest-qualified candidates are considered for Presidential Fellowships.

4. Rice University 

Rice University stands out by offering departmental stipends for qualified PhD candidates — amounting up to US$40,000 per year .

Candidates earn this by working as a research/teaching assistant for an assigned faculty member while maintaining full-time student status and continue making satisfactory progress toward their PhD.

The best PhDs will help you learn about yourself, about others and about the world around you. Source: AFP

5. University of Houston

With an annual stipend of US$31,000 annually , the financial support provided at the University of Houston is substantial. 

The Graduate Tuition Fellowship (GTF) further enhances the financial package for eligible students, covering tuition and fees, resulting in a net annual benefit of US$20,800.

Meeting a 3.00 grade point average and working as a graduate assistant are prerequisites for GTF eligibility, proving the university’s dedication to maintaining academic excellence among its doctoral candidates.

The fellowship covers nine semester credit hours (SCH) in the fall and spring semesters and six in the summers. 

6. Ohio University 

Ohio University’s financial support for PhD students is among the most generous in the country –surpassing over 1,000 other universities.

Here, s tipends come in different forms. Examples are teaching assistantships, research assistantships and graduate assistantships. 

At the School of Communication Studies , for example, eight to 12 new students are offered graduate assistantships that provide a full tuition waiver and a stipend of approximately US$16,100 per academic year.

A PhD degree holds high value in the job market as well as in the research world. Source: AFP

7. Boston University 

At Boston University, all PhD students in good standing are guaranteed the following:

  • five years of stipend support
  • 100% tuition scholarship
  • a health insurance credit

How much? That varies by PhD programmes but its website states a range from US$27,318 for eight months to US$40,977 for 12 months for the 2024/25 academic year.

8. Cornell University 

For the 2023/24 academic year, Cornell graduate assistantship and fellowship stipends grew by 8% . 

This made the minimum 12-month assistantship rate US$43,326 and increased the minimum nine-month academic year stipend to US$32,494.

Here, a graduate assistantship refers to “ an academic appointment requiring 15 to 20 hours a week , averaging no more than 15 hours per week for the base stipend as established by the Board of Trustees.” They receive full tuition credit and a stipend.

Meanwhile, a fellowship refers to an “arrangement in which financial support is given to a graduate student to pursue his or her degree without any obligation on the part of the student to engage in teaching and/or research in furtherance of the university’s academic mission.”

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Doctor of Philosophy

The PhD programs advance scientific discovery by training and supporting students doing in-depth research that solves the world’s biggest public health challenges. At the forefront of efforts to benefit the health of people worldwide, the School offers students the opportunity to join in shaping new ideas in public health and implementing them effectively. PhD students benefit from collaborations across public health disciplines and a broad range of academic fields through connections with other Harvard faculties.

All PhD students conduct research through a dissertation, in addition to other avenues of discovery. All PhD programs at Harvard University are administered by the Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (GSAS), and applications are processed through the GSAS online application system . Choose from one of four PhD programs offered collaboratively between Harvard Chan School and GSAS.

  • Abbreviation : PhD
  • Degree format : On campus  
  • Time commitment : Full-time  
  • Average program length : Varies between 4 to 7 years based on program

When applying to the PhD, applicants must choose one of the following specialized fields of study. Eligibility requirements vary by program and field of study.  

  • Biological Sciences in Public Health
  • Biostatistics
  • Health Policy
  • Environmental health
  • Epidemiology
  • Global health and population
  • Social and behavioral sciences

Career outcomes vary based on field of study and research, but in general, PhD graduates will be prepared for a career in academia, health policy, government agencies, consulting, the pharmaceutical or biomedical industry, and generally improving lives through qualitative and quantitative research.

Admission information

Like all PhD (doctor of philosophy) programs at the School—and the University—the PhD in health policy is offered under the aegis of the Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (GSAS). Applications are processed through the GSAS online application system located at gsas.harvard.edu/admissions/apply .

Doing a PhD in Europe vs. the US

Are you thinking of doing a PhD abroad? There are some considerable differences between European and American PhD programs that you should know about before applying. Read on to determine which program is right for you.

Qualifications

It is often not possible to do a PhD in Europe without first earning a Master’s degree. In the US, many PhD programs accept applicants who only have a Bachelor's degree. Students usually earn a Master’s as part of the PhD program after they have completed a few years of coursework and passed certain exams. This doesn't mean that all doctoral candidates in American PhD programs have entered the program straight from undergrad. Several still choose to do a Master’s first before applying for a PhD. In some programs students who already have a Master's might not be required to take as many courses as students with just a Bachelor’s, but this isn't always the case. 

Time to Degree

European PhD programs are shorter than those in the US. For example, it takes three years to complete a PhD in France, Norway, the UK, and Germany. Across Europe, a three to four year PhD in common. In comparison, six years is the average time to degree in the US with many PhDs in the humanities taking seven or eight years to earn their degree.

Thesis Topic

PhD candidates in Europe must choose their thesis topic and supervisor during the application process. Students apply for specific vacant doctoral projects that are usually tied to a professor’s research. As part of their application, they must create a research proposal for this project. It is also possible (in the UK for example) to apply to a department rather than a specific position, but applicants must still include a research proposal and are advised to contact potential supervisors before applying. In the US, candidates apply to a department’s PhD program, rather than a specific PhD project. While they have to discuss their research interests and identify potential supervisors in their applications, students do not decide on their thesis topic until their second or third year. In fact, many science and engineering programs have students rotate between different labs in their first year before deciding on their supervisor and dissertation project.

Teaching Requirement

PhD candidates occasionally have the opportunity to teach in Europe, although teaching is not a requirement in many countries. In the US, PhD candidates are often required to teach undergraduates, often as teaching assistants for a large lecture class. A teaching assistant leads smaller tutorials for 20-30 students and grades their exams and papers. Most PhD students will TA one class each semester for two to three years. Several American PhD programs also have mandatory pedagogy courses for graduate students.

Many European PhD programs require students to do little to no coursework. Candidates start working on their dissertation projects right away. American PhD programs, regardless of the field, require students to take two to three years of courses and seminars about topics across the discipline before they being working on their dissertation.

Funding and Salary

In several European countries, PhD students are seen as employees and have work contracts. As employees, PhD students pay into health insurance, pension, and unemployment insurance. In countries where PhD students are not employees (such as the UK and Italy) students apply for university scholarships, external fellowships, or research grants for funding. Tuition fees are drastically lower in many European countries compared to the United States. Funding at American universities varies widely, as do tuition fees. Private universities have higher tuition than public state schools (though international students usually higher tuition at state schools). The top schools offer five-year funding packages which cover tuition and fees and provide a monthly stipend. They also often include health insurance and conference travel. At other schools, students must compete for fellowships at the university, state, or national level to fund their PhDs. In some departmnets students will be paid and receive partial tuition credit for take teaching assistantship or research assistantship positions.

Comprehensive Exams

Most European PhD programs do not require students to pass qualifying exams to progress through their PhDs. There are some notable exceptions, like Sweden, where PhD candidates do an oral and written exam at the halfway point of their PhD. In the US, students usually have to pass a series of comprehensive exams before they can start working on their dissertation. The exams test the student’s knowledge of the major fields within their discipline. While every university will have a slightly different exam structure, there is usually an oral and a written component. Sometimes students also have to orally defend their dissertation proposal. After the candidate has completed their coursework and passed all the required exams they are considered ABD (all but dissertation).

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  1. Elite-Unis in den USA: Überblick

    Dauer, Bewerbung, Finanzierung. Voraussetzung für ein Ph.D.-Studium in den USA ist in der Regel ein Masterabschluss oder eine vergleichbare Qualifikation. In seltenen Fällen - etwa in berufsbildenden Studiengängen - ist ein Bachelor-abschluss ausreichend. Die Dauer eines Ph.D.-Studiums in den USA hängt von der Studienrichtung ab.

  2. Promovieren in den USA: Doktorgrad Ph.D.

    Titelthema "Promotion". Mit Beiträgen von: Dr. Ulrich Rasche, Prof. Dr. Roy Sommer, Dr. Eva Bosbach, Prof. Dr. Edmund Brandt, Hans-Werner Rückert und Kolja Briedis. Erfahren Sie mehr in der aktuellen Ausgabe von Forschung & Lehre. Artikel drucken. Der Weg zum Doktorgrad Ph.D. in den USA unterscheidet sich deutlich von dem in Deutschland.

  3. Promovieren in den USA

    Wer in den USA promovieren möchte, muss sich darüber im Klaren sein, dass dies in der Regel erhebliche Kosten für Studiengebühren und Lebenshaltung mit sich bringt. Zudem muss man hervorragende Leistungen vorweisen und die englische Sprache beherrschen können.

  4. PhD in USA

    In general, however, the typical annual tuition fee for a PhD in the US is between $12,000 and $45,000 per academic year. As with any doctoral degree, additional costs may include travel for collaborations, bench fees, accommodation and living expenses. A PhD in USA takes 5-6 years, costs between $12-45k per year and has a different structure ...

  5. PhD Funding in the USA

    The FAFSA form for becomes available for course starting the following year on 1 October annually. So if you're planning to study a Masters or PhD starting in Autumn 2024, you'll be able to fill in the FAFSA from 1 October 2023. The FAFSA deadline for 2023-24 is 30 June 2024. Search for a PhD in the USA.

  6. Studying a PhD in The USA: The Complete Guide

    1. PhD course length. The total length of a PhD in the USA is between 4-8 years for full-time students and 8-10 years for part-time students, depending on your field of study. PhDs can be completed in 4-5 years for students with a masters degree in an appropriate subject. Students typically dedicate 1-4 years on coursework, followed by 2-4 ...

  7. PhD in USA: Fees 2024, Top Colleges, Placements & Salaries

    A PhD in USA is a 3 to 6 year full time program offered in popular specialisations such as Engineering, Applied Sciences, Computer Science, and Management. To get admission to the PhD program, you need a bachelor's degree with a GPA of 2.7 to 3.9 on a 4.0 scale or a Master's degree in the relevant stream. What distinguishes PhD in America from other countries is that you don't necessarily ...

  8. PhD Courses in USA

    Funding and researching a PhD can be expensive. A PhD can cost between $20,000 and $40,000 per year, but dedicated scholarships can help support your PhD. It is rare for a PhD student not to be supported by some form of bursary, grant or scholarship. Study a PhD in the USA. If you are interested in studying for a research degree in the USA ...

  9. PhD Study in the USA

    PhD Study in the USA - 2024. Over one million international students choose the USA as their study abroad destination, making it the most popular international study destination in the world! America is known for its comprehensive approach to postgraduate education, combining enhanced subject knowledge and research opportunities with the ...

  10. Applying for a PhD in the USA

    To apply for a PhD at an American university, you'll need to submit a list of documents which include: academic transcripts; personal statement; letters of recommendation; CV; research statements - A research statement is different from a research proposal (required if you're applying for a PhD in most other countries).

  11. Study in the USA: the ultimate guide for a PhD in 2024

    Apply for a PhD: The highest academic qualification you can get. A PhD is a research-based degree that allows you to study your chosen field in depth, and results in research that adds to the sum of human knowledge. We list over 3,000 PhDs in the United States.

  12. Study Ph.D. in the USA: Requirements and Application Process

    The purpose of the article is to guide and inform anyone interested in pursuing a Ph.D. program in the USA. With its diverse academic programs, distinguished faculty, and state-of-the-art research facilities, the USA is a top destination for pursuing a Ph.D.. If you are a prospective doctoral student or someone interested in embarking on an academic journey, this article will offer you crucial ...

  13. How Much Does a Ph.D. Cost?

    On average, the total cost comes out to $40,900 per year, including tuition and living expenses. [1] Students typically take 4-8 years to finish a Ph.D. program, so a doctoral degree can cost anywhere from $163,600-$327,200 before grants and assistantships. But you won't necessarily end up paying that total cost yourself.

  14. How to Apply for a PhD in the US: Advice from a Successful Applicant

    Start searching for the PhD programs that you will apply to ahead of time, at least one year before. Start preparing for the standardized tests at least seven to eight months before the application deadlines. Spend some time researching the work of faculty members that you would like to work with. Finally, apply to more than one university, as ...

  15. List of Fully Funded Ph.D. Scholarships in USA 2025

    3. Yale University Scholarships USA. Yale University Scholarship is a fully funded scholarship for international students. This scholarship is offered for undergraduate, masters and PhD. Yale Scholarship can vary from a few hundred dollars to over $70,000 per year; the average Yale need-based scholarship is over $50,000.

  16. Tuition & Aid

    Fees. $71.43. Based on Credits. Total. $569.88. Based on Credits. Academic year includes fall and spring semesters. On-campus students can take more than 12 credits per semester at no additional cost. Active duty military, veterans, and dependents are eligible to receive the North Dakota in-state tuition rate.

  17. 8 best PhDs in the US that offer the highest stipends

    Source: ETX. 3. University Of South Carolina. The University of South Carolina is a top institution with one of the best PhD programmes, offering some of the highest stipends to its students. From 2022, the university's minimum total stipend has been US$34,000.

  18. 181 Ph.Ds in Computer Sciences in United States

    Computer Science. 27,802 EUR / year. 3 years. The Ph.D. degree in Computer Science at Kansas State University is offered through the Computing and Information Sciences graduate program. Requirements include 90 semester hours of graduate-level credit. Ph.D. / Full-time / On Campus.

  19. Graduate (Master or Doctoral Degree)

    Before you can apply for your US student visa, you must prove to CU Denver that you have the necessary funding to support your first year of study. Apply Now . Degree-seeking Applications Undergraduate ... (PhD in Design and Planning) $35,978 $ 24,250 $ 4,460: $64,688: College of Arts & Media: $18,612 $ 24,250 $ 4,460: $47,322: College of ...

  20. Is it true that PhD education in USA is free and students get ...

    PhD's in the US are not free, though it is (or should be) the norm that none of the expenses related to it should fall on the person doing the PhD. This means that any worthwhile program should cover the cost of your tuition, fees, and health insurance, as well as giving you enough money to lead a normal life (as a stipend or salary). ...

  21. Doctor of Philosophy

    All PhD students conduct research through a dissertation, in addition to other avenues of discovery. All PhD programs at Harvard University are administered by the Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (GSAS), and applications are processed through the GSAS online application system. Choose from one of four PhD programs offered ...

  22. Doing a PhD in Europe vs. the US

    European PhD programs are shorter than those in the US. For example, it takes three years to complete a PhD in France, Norway, the UK, and Germany. Across Europe, a three to four year PhD in common. In comparison, six years is the average time to degree in the US with many PhDs in the humanities taking seven or eight years to earn their degree.

  23. PhD duration in the USA

    Usually, the first couple years of a PhD program involves taking graduate level classes while the later years are dedicated to academic engagement in the discipline (for example, in Chemistry, you would do research in a lab.) If you have a Masters degree relevant to the PhD, you may cut off some or all of the classroom portion of the PhD program.

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