the canterbury tales essay questions

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The Canterbury Tales

By geoffrey chaucer, the canterbury tales study guide.

The Canterbury Tales is at once one of the most famous and most frustrating works of literature ever written. Since its composition in late 1300s, critics have continued to mine new riches from its complex ground, and started new arguments about the text and its interpretation. Chaucer’s richly detailed text, so Dryden said, was “God’s plenty”, and the rich variety of the Tales is partly perhaps the reason for its success. It is both one long narrative (of the pilgrims and their pilgrimage) and an encyclopedia of shorter narratives; it is both one large drama, and a compilation of most literary forms known to medieval literature: romance, fabliau, Breton lay, moral fable, verse romance, beast fable, prayer to the Virgin… and so the list goes on. No single literary genre dominates the Tales. The tales include romantic adventures, fabliaux, saint's biographies, animal fables, religious allegories and even a sermon, and range in tone from pious, moralistic tales to lewd and vulgar sexual farces. More often than not, moreover, the specific tone of the tale is extremely difficult to firmly pin down.

This, indeed, is down to one of the key problems of interpreting the Tales themselves - voice: how do we ever know who is speaking? Because Chaucer, early in the Tales, promises to repeat the exact words and style of each speaker as best he can remember it, there is always a tension between Chaucer and the pilgrim's voice he ventriloquises as he re-tells his tale: even the "Chaucer" who is a character on the pilgrim has a distinct and deliberately unChaucerian voice. Is it the Merchant’s voice – and the Merchant’s opinion – or Chaucer’s? Is it Chaucer the character or Chaucer the writer? If it is Chaucer’s, are we supposed to take it at face value, or view it ironically? It is for this reason that, throughout this ClassicNote, a conscious effort has been made to refer to the speaker of each tale (the Merchant, in the Merchant’s Tale, for example) as the “narrator”, a catch-all term which represents both of, or either one of, Chaucer and the speaker in question.

No-one knows for certain when Chaucer began to write the Tales – the pilgrimage is usually dated 1387, but that date is subject to much scholarly argument – but it is certain that Chaucer wrote some parts of the Tales at different times, and went back and added Tales to the melting pot. The Knight ’s Tale, for example, was almost certainly written earlier than the Canterbury project as a separate work, and then adapted into the voice of the Knight; and the Second Nun’s Tale, as well as probably the Monk’s, probably have a similar compositional history.

Chaucer drew from a rich variety of literary sources to create the Tales, though his principal debt is likely to Boccaccio’s Decameron , in which ten nobles from Florence, to escape the plague, stay in a country villa and amuse each other by each telling tales. Boccaccio likely had a significant influence on Chaucer. The Knight's Tale was an English version of a tale by Boccaccio, while six of Chaucer's tales have possible sources in the Decameron: the Miller's Tale, the Reeve's, the Clerk's, the Merchant's, the Franklin's, and the Shipman's. However, Chaucer's pilgrims to Canterbury form a wider range of society compared to Boccaccio's elite storytellers, allowing for greater differences in tone and substance.

The text of the Tales itself does not survive complete, but in ten fragments (see ‘The texts of the Tales’ for further information and specific orders). Due to the fact that there are no links made between these ten fragments in most cases, it is extremely difficult to ascertain precisely in which order Chaucer wanted the tales to be read. This ClassicNote corresponds to the order followed in Larry D. Benson’s “Riverside Chaucer”, which is undoubtedly the best edition of Chaucer currently available.

The Canterbury Tales Questions and Answers

The Question and Answer section for The Canterbury Tales is a great resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss the novel.

The Rape of the Lock as a mock epic?

The opening of The Rape of the Lock establishes the poem’s mock-heroic tone. In the tradition of epic poetry, Pope opens the poem by invoking a muse, but rather than invoke one of the mythic Greek muses, Pope leaves the muse anonymous and instead...

"And palmers long to seek the stranger strands" (line 13) translates to mean what EXACTLY

The above quote from The Canterbury Tales translates to mean something like "the pilgrims seek foreign shores".

The nun prioress

What is your question here?

Study Guide for The Canterbury Tales

The Canterbury Tales is the last of Geoffrey Chaucer's works, and he only finished 24 of an initially planned 100 tales. The Canterbury Tales study guide contains a biography of Geoffrey Chaucer, literature essays, a complete e-text, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis.

• About The Canterbury Tales
• The Canterbury Tales Summary
• The Canterbury Tales General Prologue Video
• Character List

Essays for The Canterbury Tales

The Canterbury Tales is considered one of the greatest works produced in Middle English. The Canterbury Tales essays are academic essays for citation. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer.

• "Love" in the Courtly Tradition
• On Cuckoldry: Women, Silence, and Subjectivity in the Merchant's Tale and the Manciple's Tale
• Vision, Truth, and Genre in the Merchant's Tale
• In Private: the Promise in The Franklin's Tale
• Feminism or Anti-Feminism: Images of Women in Chaucer's "The Wife of Bath"

Lesson Plan for The Canterbury Tales

• About the Author
• Study Objectives
• Common Core Standards
• Introduction to The Canterbury Tales
• Relationship to Other Books
• Bringing in Technology
• Notes to the Teacher
• Related Links
• The Canterbury Tales Bibliography

E-Text of The Canterbury Tales

The Canterbury Tales e-text contains the full text of The Canterbury Tales written by Geoffrey Chaucer.

• Life of Geoffrey Chaucer
• The Knight's Tale
• The Miller's Tale

Wikipedia Entries for The Canterbury Tales

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The Canterbury Tales

Geoffrey chaucer.

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Welcome to the LitCharts study guide on Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales . Created by the original team behind SparkNotes, LitCharts are the world's best literature guides.

The Canterbury Tales: Introduction

The canterbury tales: plot summary, the canterbury tales: detailed summary & analysis, the canterbury tales: themes, the canterbury tales: quotes, the canterbury tales: characters, the canterbury tales: symbols, the canterbury tales: theme wheel, brief biography of geoffrey chaucer.

Historical Context of The Canterbury Tales

Other books related to the canterbury tales.

• Full Title: The Canterbury Tales
• When Written: End of the 14th century
• Where Written: London, England
• Literary Period: Medieval
• Genre: Estate satire
• Setting: The road to Canterbury, England
• Climax: No climax: each Tale has its own climax, but the Tales as a whole are unfinished, and though they are interconnected in terms of characters and themes, there is not a single plot thread that develops throughout.
• Point of View: Many different characters tell their tales, but the whole frame narrative is told through the eyes of Chaucer the pilgrim. It’s also important to keep in mind that the Tales are unfinished. Each pilgrim is supposed to get two tales––one for the road to Canterbury, and one for the way back––but several of the pilgrims don’t even get one story, and they never actually make it to Canterbury.

Extra Credit for The Canterbury Tales

Geoffrey Chaucer Tweeteth. Though Chaucer likely did not foresee a digital future for the Tales , he has a very active social networking presence, particular under the Twitter handle “LeVostreGC”(https://twitter.com/LeVostreGC). The blogosphere has adopted Chaucer in sites such as “Geoffrey Chaucer Hath a Blog” (http://houseoffame.blogspot.com), which is written in a fake Middle English and features entries “written” not only by Chaucer but by his son and his contemporaries.

Chaucer Through the Ages. Since its first publication, The Canterbury Tales has never been out of print, and they have inspired countless adaptations and re-workings. In his Autobiography , Ben Franklin claimed, perhaps as a joke, that his last name came from Chaucer’s Franklin. The whole genre of the buddy road-trip movie can be traced to the structure of the Tales . Some recent adaptations have included the 2001 film A Knight’s Tale , featuring Paul Bettany playing Chaucer himself.

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The Canterbury Tales

56 pages • 1 hour read

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Before You Read

Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Prologue–“Chaucer’s Tales”

“The Monk’s Tale”–“The Pardoner’s Tale”

“The Wife of Bath’s Tale”–“Chaucer’s Retractions”

Character Analysis

Symbols & Motifs

Important Quotes

Essay Topics

Discussion Questions

Why do you think Chaucer might have leavened with humor even the more serious and romantic of his tales (as in the squabbling gods of the Knight’s story)? How does humor seem to relate to Chaucer’s larger perspective on the world?

Chaucer left “The Cook’s Tale” unfinished. Write an ending for it based on the stories you’ve seen around it. What might become of Revelling [sic] Peterkin and his lowlife friends? What in the rest of The Canterbury Tales makes you think so?

Pick two adjacent tales in which the tellers seem to get on each other’s nerves (there are plenty to choose from!). How do these tales play off each other? What similar ideas are being addressed differently in each, and how do the poem’s themes evolve through different tellers?

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