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Role of Online Books and Dictionaries in Urdu Literary Research
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There is no doubt that research work in the area of Urdu literature at the university level was considered a challenging task for research students. But nowadays the same research task is not as difficult as it was earlier. The reason is that hundreds and thousands of books, research journals, magazines, etc. are available in online digital libraries like Rekhta.org — perhaps the world’s most massive Urdu literary website — on a single click. The easily accessible availability of massive literary resources has made the most difficult area of research an easy job.
Research is defined by the Cambridge Dictionary as a detailed study of a subject, especially in order to discover (new) information or reach a (new) understanding. A prominent expert in Urdu linguistics, Rasheed Hassan Khan opines that research aims to discover facts.
Although literary resources, in massive quantity, are available in online digital libraries, the accomplishment of research is still no less than a Herculean task. Difficulties related to research work are not limited to the search for material merely, as difficulties faced by scholars are considered equal to walking in a path filled with thorns. The famous scholar and poet Allama Shibli Nomani, discussing the complexity of research, opines that research is like taking a grain of sugar from an ant’s mouth and making it liquid sugar (sheera).
During research, a scholar no doubt passes through a difficult time, but this shows the significance of the work in a research area. Describing the importance of research work, Dr. Jamil Jalibi, a noted linguist, critic, writer, and scholar of Urdu, is of the view that every giant poet, novelist, fiction writer, critic, philosopher, and scientist cannot perform any great work without carrying out research. He further elaborates that research is as much needed for creation as water is required for life.
A researcher experiences the toughest challenges while dealing with research work. Different difficult steps make a researcher realize that research is not only time-consuming but also a perplexing task. On this front, selecting a research topic is not only a difficult step, it also includes the preparation of a synopsis, collection of data by accessing available literature, and thesis writing which is the most difficult and strenuous part of any research.
A literature search, the first step of a literature review, is a challenging job as compared to other steps in research.
Before the advent of the internet, it was quite difficult to approach the literature required for research because all literature was only accessible in public libraries, and it was backbreaking to visit libraries regularly and search out the required data. Sometimes old books on Urdu literature were not available in public libraries; hence a researcher was forced to visit the personal libraries of different personalities to get the required material. Without literature, including books, research journals, magazines, etc, no scholar can extend his study project or write a quality thesis.
Reading culture is dying, particularly in Pakistan, which has resulted in the near depletion of libraries in the country. Moreover, the existing limited big or small libraries, unfortunately, are deprived of the presence of readers. The sign of the dying culture of book-reading is considered alarming for any society. Contrary to this undesirable social condition of society, the availability of hundreds and thousands of books, research journals, magazines, etc in online digital libraries has decreased the workload of the scholar carrying out a research project on Urdu literary fronts.
Undoubtedly, this is the time of the emergence of digital libraries with the massive collection of Urdu literature, which is enjoyed by lovers of reading, Urdu learners, academicians, translators, scholars, and writers worldwide. In this emergence of digital libraries, the famous Indian Urdu digital library or Rekhta e-books on Rekhta.org has the leading position by being the world’s most massive Urdu literary website. The easily accessible availability of massive literary resources has paved the way for students to walk on it.
Here, a brief introduction to the Rekhta website was inevitable due to its proven effectiveness for researchers. I also utilized the same Urdu website in many ways during my PhD project. This utilization of the website was not limited to the usage of e-books only, it also included the use of a comprehensive online electronic dictionary.
Time always matters for researchers in any research project. In this regard, Rekhta e-books provide a facility to find reading materials mentioning the names of authors and books’ titles. These internet-based facilities save researchers a great amount of time.
This paradigm shift from brick-and-mortar libraries to online digital libraries is a consequence of social change, an ever-present social phenomenon in any society. Social change is an inevitable natural process for the social system, determined by evolution and advancement.
Now this is the time for our teachers or research supervisors to realize that the emergence of online digital libraries is a product of social change, and the usefulness of digital libraries cannot be ignored at all.
Our teachers, research supervisors, and students must pay attention to this new horizon and make efforts to be accustomed to online digital facilities so that the desirable benefit can be obtained.
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About the Journal
Daryaft is an Open Access Urdu research and critical inquiry journal E ISSN:2616-6038, P ISSN:1814-2885, published by the Department of Urdu Language & Literature, National University of Modern Languages(NUML), Islamabad. The first issue was published in January 2002 and so far (June 2023) Twenty nine issues have been printed. Since June 2016 it is published bi-annually in January and June. The unpublished research-based articles in the context of Urdu language and literature are included in Daryaft. Articles are sent to the technical experts for double blind peer review. In 2005 journal was selected in the approved list of HEC journals. From 2011, it is included in many indexing and database agencies, like MLA, DOAJ, ROAD, Crossref, EBSCO, SIS, ISI, BASE, Google Scholar, Tehqiqat, Index of Urdu Journals etc.
"دریافت" نمل کے شعبہ اردو زبان وادب کے زیر اہتمام شائع ہونے والا ایچ ۔ای۔ سی(HEC ) سے منظور شدہ "Y" کٹیگری کا حامل تحقیقی و تنقیدی مجلّہ ہے جس میں اردو زبان و ادب کے حوالے سے غیر مطبوعہ مقالات ایچ ۔ای۔ سی(HEC )کے طے کردہ اصول و ضوابط کے مطابق شائع کیے جاتے ہیں تمام مقالات اشاعت سے قبل اندرون ملک اور بیرون ملک ماہرین کو ریویو کے لیے بھیجے جاتے ہیں۔ دریافت کا پہلا شمارہ 2002 میں شائع ہوا۔ 2016 سے دریافت کی اشاعت سال میں دو دفعہ بالترتیب جون اور دسمبر میں ہوتی ہے۔ دریافت" کا اختصاص اردو زبان وادب کے درج ذیل زمروں میں معیاری مقالات کی اشاعت ہے:
۱۔تحقیق :متنی/ موضوعی ۔ ب۔ مباحث:علمی/ تنقیدی ۔ ج۔مطالعہ ادب:اردو فکشن/شاعری ۔ د۔ تنقید و تجزیہ :اردو فکشن /شاعری ، اقبال شناسی وغیرہ
Current Issue
A Comparative Study of the Short stories by Chinese Writer Rou Shi “A Slave Mother” and Ahmed Nadeem Qasmi “Sons & Daughters” چینی ادیب رؤشی کے افسانے "بیوی کی عارضی فروخت"اور احمد ندیم قاسمی کےافسانے" بیٹے بیٹیاں" کا تقابلی مطالعہ
Satire on social attitudes in humorous poetry of dr. imran zafar ڈاکٹر عمران ظفر کی مزاحیہ شاعری میں سماجی رویوں پر طنز, influence of literary figures on urdu poetry of azad kashmir: a study آزاد کشمیر کی اردو شاعری پرادبی شخصیات کے اثرات:ایک مطالعہ, iqbaliyat and sufism: an analysis of bashir ahmed nahvi's iqbalistic thought اقبالیات اور تصوف: بشیر احمد نحوی کی اقبالیاتی فِکر کا تجزیہ, influence of media propaganda on the characters of “sasa” ساسا" کے کرداروں پر میڈیائی پر و پیگنڈا کے اثرات", a study of the novel "aagy samadar hai" in the perspective of nostalgia ناسٹلجیا کے تناظر میں ناول "آگے سمندر ہے" کا مطالعہ, a psychological study of the characters of novel “bahao” بہاؤ "کے کرداروں کا نفسیاتی مطالعہ", a critical and research review of written thesis on autobiography at phd level in pakistani universities پی ایچ ڈی کی سطح پر پاکستانی جامعات میں آپ بیتی پر محررہ مقالات کا تنقیدی و تحقیقی جائزہ, discourse of alternative identity in nobel prize lectures of latin american writers لاطینی امریکی ادیبوں کے نوبیل خطبات میں متبادل شاخت کا کلامیہ.
HEC Approved 'Y' Category Journal
DARYAFT is indexed in
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Chief Editor:
Professor Dr. Jamil Asghar Jami
Dr. Zafar Ahmed
Managing Editor :
Dr. Abubakkar Siddique Rathore
Publication Frequency : Bi-annual
Full Title : Daryaft
Abbreviated Title: Daryaft
ISSN : 2616-6038 (online); 1814-2885 (print)
Area of Publication : Urdu language and literature
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SUBMISSION Charges:
Initial submission fee: Rs. 1000/- (Non Refundable)
Foreign ,External review: Rs. 6,000/-
Publication Fee: Rs. 6,000/-
Total Fee: Rs. 13,000/-
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Research Journal "Daryaft",
Department of Urdu Language & Literature, Faculty of Languages,, NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan
Daryaft is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) .
- Publications
Aim and Scope
Rekhta is an official publication of university of Sargodha and is managed by department of Urdu. Urdu Research Journal Rekhta accepts only unpublished Research Articles in Urdu. It's core subject area is Language and Literature. Our aim is to provide a space for promoting research activities in Urdu departments of universities and bringing its standards to the international level. We will pursue the new dimensions of Urdu's ... Read More
Current Issue
Volume 5 (rekhta 9), issue 1, 2024, 1. symbol,semantic functionality, and urdu critics.
Symbol, the subsequent stride in metaphorical expression and also known as an emblem or sign, holds a pivotal role in literature, particularly in poetry. Within the realm of modern Urdu poetry, it assumes a foundational status, serving as the bedrock of manifold ambiguity. Scholars of Urdu literature harbor diverse and myriad interpretations regarding symbolism. While some perceive it as latent within the text yet integral in meaning, others attribute its essence to the fluidity of meanings inherent in literary compositions. By synthesizing the perspectives of various critics, this article endeavors to elucidate the essence of symbolism. Such elucidation aids in unraveling the structural and formative underpinnings of literary works, thus guiding readers toward a comprehensive grasp of the profound connotations enshrined within the text.
Attached Document
Dr. rashid saeedi, 2. understanding early and deccan’s urdu literature through lexicographical efforts. اردو کے قدیم عہد کی تفہیم اور دکنی و قدیم ادب کی لغات.
Like every evolving language of the world, the Urdu language also has made many developments in its nature through the course of time. The early history of the Urdu language shows a variety of different dialects, styles, and diction. Deccan period in the history of Urdu language and literature reflects this situation especially. Along with this fact, we find many efforts to resolve the peculiarity of the language of the above-mentioned era through lexicography. Masood Hussain Khan, Ghulam Umar Khan, Jamil Jalibi, Agha Haider Hassan, Javaid Vaishisht, Sayeda Jafar, and some others have made some remarkable efforts through their lexicographical works about the Deccan and early period of Urdu. These works help us better understand the Deccan’s or early literature. This article comprises an overview of such works. It also presents a comparison of these dictionaries.
Dr. Sajid Siddique Nizami
3. evolutionary analysis of akhtar ul eeman’s poems. اخترالایمان کی نظم کا ارتقائی مطالعہ.
Akhtar Ul Emaan is an important poet of modern Urdu poetry, but Urdu criticism and research has not given him the attention he deserves. Undoubtedly, his name will continue to be mentioned along with Faiz, Rashid, Mira ji and Majeed Amjad. His poetry made the subject of the external and internal tragedy of the present era very well. Here in this article, an attempt has been made to study the evolution of his poems and try to find out how the themes and styles of his poetry changed over time and how his thoughts matured.
Dr. Asia Nazli / Dr. Mazhar Abbas. ڈاکٹر آسیہ نازلی / ڈاکٹر مظہر عباس
4. faminine narrative in patriarchal society:a critical analysis of hasan manzar’s novelett “maan beti”. مرد اساس معاشرے میں عورت کا بیانیہ: حسن منظر کا ناولٹ "ماں بیٹی" (تحقیقی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ).
The 21st Century Urdu fiction has witnessed the dramatic rise of the theme of female voice in Urdu fiction. Numerous Urdu fiction writers are playing their part in promoting the said discourse through their works. Amongst them stands out the novella “Mother Daughter” by Hasan Manzar in which the female voice is given power. The beautifully crafted novella faithfully portrays the wounds inflicted upon the women subjugated by patriarchy. The present paper analyses Manzar's “Mother Daughter” in the same perspective to highlight the growing sense of feminine agency.
Dr. Abubakar Farooqi/ Ahmad Abbas. ڈاکٹر ابو بکر فاروقی/احمد عباس طور
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