option assignment fee

Options Assignment: Navigating the Rights and Obligations

By Tyler Corvin

Ever been blindsided by an unexpected traffic ticket in the mail? 

You knew driving came with its set of potential consequences, yet you took to the road regardless. Suddenly, you’re left with a tangible obligation to pay. This unforeseen shift, where what was once a mere possibility becomes an immediate reality, captures the spirit of options assignment within the vast realm of options trading.

Diving into the details, option assignment serves as the bridge between the abstract realm of rights and the concrete world of duties in this field. It’s that unassuming piece in the machinery that can, without warning, change the entire game – often carrying notable financial repercussions. In a domain where every move has implications, truly grasping option assignment is foundational, ensuring not just survival but genuine success.

Join us in this comprehensive exploration of option assignment, arming traders of all experience levels with the knowledge to sail these intricate seas with assuredness and accuracy.

What you’ll learn

What is Options Assignment?

How options assignment works, identifying option assignment , examples of option assignment, managing and mitigating assignment risks, what option assignment means for individual traders.

• Conclusion 

Dive into the realm of options trading and you’ll find a tapestry of processes and potential. “Options assignment” is one pivotal cog in this intricate machine. To a newcomer, this term might seem a tad daunting. But a step-by-step walk-through can demystify its core.

In its simplest form, options assignment means carrying out the rights specified in an option contract. Holding an option allows a trader the choice to buy or sell a particular asset, but there’s no compulsion. The moment they opt to use this right, that’s when options assignment kicks in.

Think of it this way: You’ve got a ticket (option) to a show (buy or sell an asset). You decide if and when to attend. When you make the move, that transition is the options assignment.

There are two main types of option assignments:

• Call Option Assignment : Triggered when a call option holder exercises their right. The seller of the option then steps into the spotlight, bound to sell the asset at the agreed-upon price.
• Put Option Assignment : Conversely, if a put option holder steps forward, the seller of the put takes the stage. Their role? To buy the asset at the specified rate.

To truly grasp options assignment, one must understand the dance between rights and obligations in options trading.

When a trader buys an option, they’re essentially reserving a right, a possible move. On the other hand, selling an option translates to accepting a duty if the option’s holder chooses to play their card.

Rights with Call Options: Buying a call option grants you a special privilege. You can procure the underlying asset at a set price before the option expires. If you choose to exercise this right, the one who sold you the call gets assigned. Their task? Handing over the asset at that set price.

Obligations with Put Options: Securing a put option empowers you to sell the underlying at a pre-decided rate. Should you exercise this, the put’s seller steps up, committed to buying the asset at the given rate.

Several factors steer the course of options assignment, including intrinsic value, looming expiration dates, and current market vibes. To stay ahead of these influences, many traders utilize option trade alerts for timely insights. And remember, while many options might find buyers, not all see execution. Hence, not every seller will get assigned. For traders, understanding this rhythm is vital, shaping many strategies in options trading. 

In the multifaceted world of options trading, discerning option assignment straddles the line between art and science. While no technique guarantees surefire results, several pointers and signals can wave a flag, hinting at an impending assignment.

In-the-Money Options : A robust sign of a looming assignment is the option’s stance relative to its strike price. “In-the-money” refers to an option’s moneyness , and plays a pivotal role in the behavior of option holders. Deeply in-the-money (ITM) options amplify the odds of assignment. An ITM call option, where the market price of the asset towers above the strike price, encourages the holder to exercise and swiftly offload the asset on the market. Conversely, an ITM put option, where the market price trails significantly behind the strike price, incentivizes the holder to scoop up the asset in the market and then exercise the option to vend it at the loftier strike price.

Expiration’s Shadow: The ticking clock of an expiring option raises the assignment stakes, especially if it remains ITM. Many traders make their move just before the eleventh hour to capitalize on their gains.

Dividend Dates in Focus: Call options inching toward expiry ahead of a dividend date, especially if they’re ITM, stand at an elevated assignment crosshair. Option aficionados might play their call options to pocket the dividend, which they’d bag if they possess the core shares.

Extrinsic Value’s Decline : A diminishing time or extrinsic value of an option elevates its exercise odds. When intrinsic value dominates an option’s worth, a holder might be inclined to cash in on this value.

Volume & Open Interest Dynamics : A sudden surge in trading or a dip in open interest can be telltale signs. Understanding volume’s role is crucial as such fluctuations might hint at traders either hopping in or out, suggesting possible exercises and assignments. 

Navigating the Post-Assignment Terrain

Grasping the ripple effects of option assignment is vital, highlighting the immediate responsibilities and potential paths for both the buyer and seller.

For the Option Seller:

• Call Option Assignment : For a trader who’s sold a call option, assignment means they’re on the hook to hand over the underlying shares at the strike price. If they’re short on shares, a market purchase is in order—potentially at a loss if market prices overshoot the strike.
• Put Option Assignment: Assignment on a peddled put option necessitates the trader to buy the shares at the strike price . If this price overshadows the market rate, losses loom.

For the Option Buyer:

• Call Option Play : Exercising a call lets the buyer snap up shares at the strike price. They can either nestle with them or trade them off.
• Put Option Play: Exercising a put gives the buyer the reins to sell their shares at the strike price. This play often pays off when the market rate is dwarfed by the strike, ensuring a tidy profit on the dispensed shares.

Post-assignment, all involved must be on their toes, knowing what triggers margin calls , especially if caught off-guard by the assignment. Tax implications may also hover, influenced by the trade’s nature and the tenure of the position.

Being savvy about these subtleties and gearing up for possible turns of events can drastically refine one’s journey through the options trading maze. 

Call Option Assignment Scenario

Imagine an investor purchases an Nvidia ( NVDA ) call option at a strike price of $435, hoping that the price of the stock will ascend after finding out that they may be forced to move out of some countries . The option is set to expire in a month. Soon after, not only did NVDA rebound from the news, but they reported very strong quarterly earnings, propelling the stock to $455.

Spotting the favorable trend, the investor opts to wield their right to purchase the stock at the agreed strike price of $435, despite its $455 market value. This initiates the option assignment.

The other investor, having sold the option, must now part with their NVDA shares at $435 apiece. If they’re short on stocks, they’d have to fetch them at the going rate of $455 and let them go at a deficit. The first investor, however, stands at a crossroads: retain the shares in hopes of further gains or swiftly trade them at $455, reaping a neat sum. 

Put Option Assignment Scenario

Let’s visualize an investor who speculates a dip in the share price of V.F. Corporation ( VFC ) after seeing news about an activist investor causing shares to jump almost 14% in a day . To hedge their bets, they secures a put option from another investor at a strike price of $18.50, set to lapse in a month.

Fast forward a week, let’s say VFC divulges lackluster quarterly figures, causing the stock to dive to $10. The first investor, seizing the moment, employs their put option, electing to sell their shares at the $18.50 strike price.

When the assignment bell tolls, the other investor finds himself bound to buy the shares from the first investor at the agreed $18.50, a rate that overshadows the current $10 market value. The first investor thus sidesteps the market slump, securing a favorable sale. The other investor, however, absorbs a loss, acquiring stocks at a premium to their market worth.

The realm of options trading is akin to navigating a dynamic river, demanding a sharp comprehension of the risks that lie beneath its surface. A predominant risk that traders often encounter is assignment risk. When one assumes the role of an option seller, they inherit the duty to honor the contract if the buyer opts to exercise. Grasping the gravity of this can make the difference, underscoring the necessity of adept risk management.

A savvy approach to temper assignment risk is by keeping a vigilant eye on the extrinsic value of options. Generally, options rich in extrinsic value tend to resist early assignment. This resistance emerges as the extrinsic value dwindles when the option dives deeper in-the-money, thereby tempting the holder to exercise.

Furthermore, economic currents, ranging from niche corporate updates to sweeping market tides, can be triggers for option assignments. Staying attuned to these economic ripples equips traders with the vision needed to either tweak or maintain their positions. For example, traders may opt to sidestep selling options that are deeply in-the-money, given their higher susceptibility to assignments due to their shrinking extrinsic value.

Incorporating spread tactics, like vertical spreads  or iron condors, furnishes an added shield. These strategies can dampen the risk of assignment since one part of the spread frequently balances the risk of its counterpart. Should the specter of a short option assignment hover, traders might contemplate ‘rolling out’ their stance. This move entails repurchasing the short option and subsequently selling another, possibly at a varied strike rate or a more distant expiry.

Yet, despite these protective layers, it remains pivotal for traders to brace for possible assignments. Maintaining ample liquidity, be it in capital or necessary shares, can avert unfavorable scenarios like hasty liquidations or stiff margin charges. Engaging regularly with brokers can also shed light, occasionally offering a heads-up on looming assignments.

In conclusion, the bedrock of risk management in options trading is rooted in perpetual learning. As traders hone their craft, their adeptness at forecasting and navigating assignment risks sharpens.

In the intricate world of options trading, option assignments aren’t just nuanced details; they’re pivotal moments with deep-seated implications for individual traders and the health of their portfolios. Beyond the immediate financial aftermath, assignments can reshape trading plans, risk dynamics, and the overarching path of an investor’s journey.

At its core, option assignments can transform a trader’s asset landscape. Consider a trader who’s short on a call option. If they’re assigned, they might be compelled to supply the underlying stock. This can result in a rapid stock outflow from their portfolio or, if they don’t possess the stock, birth a short stock stance. On the flip side, a trader short on a put option who faces assignment may find themselves buying the stock at the strike price, thereby dipping into their cash reserves.

These immediate shifts can generate broader portfolio ripples. An unexpected gain or shedding of stocks can jostle a trader’s asset distribution, veering it off their envisioned path. If, for instance, a trader had charted a particular stock-to-cash distribution or a meticulous diversification blueprint, an option assignment might throw a spanner in the works.

Additionally, assignments can serve as a real-world litmus test for a trader’s risk-handling prowess . A surprise assignment might spark margin calls for those not sufficiently fortified with capital. It stands as a poignant nudge about the essence of ensuring liquidity and safeguarding against the unpredictable whims of the market.

Strategically speaking, recurrent assignments might signal it’s time for traders to recalibrate. Are the options they’re offloading too submerged in-the-money? Have they factored in pivotal market shifts that might heighten early exercise odds? Such reflective moments can pave the way for refining and elevating trading methods. 

In the multifaceted world of options trading, option assignment stands out as both a potential boon and a challenge. Far from being a simple checkbox in the process, its ramifications can mold the contours of a trader’s portfolio and steer long-term tactics. The importance of comprehending and adeptly managing option assignment resonates, whether you’re dipping your toes into options for the first time or weaving through intricate trades with seasoned expertise. 

Furthermore, mastering options trading is about integrating its myriad concepts into a cohesive playbook. Whether it’s differentiating trading strategies like the iron condor from the iron butterfly strategy or delving deep into the nuances of option assignments, each component enriches the narrative of a trader’s odyssey. As markets shift and new hurdles arise, a solid grasp of foundational principles remains an invaluable asset. In this perpetual dance of learning and evolution, may your trading maneuvers always be well-informed, proactive, and adept. 

Understanding Options Assignment: FAQs

What factors influence the likelihood of an option being assigned.

Several factors come into play, including the option’s intrinsic value , the time remaining until expiration, and upcoming dividend announcements. Options that are deep in the money or nearing their expiration date are more likely to be assigned.

Are Some Option Styles More Prone to Assignment than Others?

Absolutely. When considering different option styles , it’s essential to note that American-style options can be exercised at any point before their expiration, which means they face a higher risk of early assignment. In contrast, European-style options can only be exercised at expiration.

How Do Current Market Trends Impact Assignment Risk?

Factors like market volatility, notable price shifts, and external economic happenings can amplify the chances of an option being assigned. For example, an option might be assigned before a company’s ex-dividend date if the expected dividend outweighs the weakening of theta decay .

Can Traders Reverse or Counter the Effects of an Option Assignment?

Once an option has been assigned, it’s set in stone. However, traders can maneuver within the market to balance out the implications of the assignment, such as procuring or selling the underlying asset.

Are There Any Fees Tied to Option Assignments?

Indeed, brokers usually impose a fee for both assignments and exercises. The specific fee can differ depending on the broker, making it essential for traders to understand their brokerage’s charging scheme.

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Trading Options: Understanding Assignment

The options market can seem to have a language of its own. To the average investor, there are likely a number of unfamiliar terms, but for an individual with a short options position—someone who has sold call or put options—there is perhaps no term more important than " assignment "—the fulfilling of the requirements of an options contract.

Options trading carries risk and requires specific approval from an investor's brokerage firm. For information about the inherent risks and characteristics of the options market, refer to the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options also known as the Options Disclosure Document (ODD).

When someone buys options to open a new position ("Buy to Open"), they are buying a right —either the right to buy the underlying security at a specified price (the strike price) in the case of a call option, or the right to sell the underlying security in the case of a put option.

On the flip side, when an individual sells, or writes, an option to open a new position ("Sell to Open"), they are accepting an obligation —either an obligation to sell the underlying security at the strike price in the case of a call option or the obligation to buy that security in the case of a put option. When an individual sells options to open a new position, they are said to be "short" those options. The seller does this in exchange for receiving the option's premium from the buyer.

Learn more about  options from FINRA or access free courses like Options 101 at OCC Learning .

American-style options allow the buyer of a contract to exercise at any time during the life of the contract, whereas European-style options can be exercised only during a specified period just prior to expiration. For an investor selling American-style options, one of the risks is that the investor may be called upon at any time during the contract's term to fulfill its obligations. That is, as long as a short options position remains open, the seller may be subject to "assignment" on any day equity markets are open. 

What is assignment?

An option assignment represents the seller's obligation to fulfill the terms of the contract by either selling or buying the underlying security at the exercise price. This obligation is triggered when the buyer of an option contract exercises their right to buy or sell the underlying security.

To ensure fairness in the distribution of American-style and European-style option assignments, the Options Clearing Corporation (OCC), which is the options industry clearing house, has an established process to randomly assign exercise notices to firms with an account that has a short option position. Once a firm receives an assignment, it then assigns this notice to one of its customers who has a short option contract of the same series. This short option contract is selected from a pool of such customers, either at random or by some other procedure specific to the brokerage firm. 

How does an investor know if an option position will be assigned?

While an option seller will always have some level of uncertainty, being assigned may be a somewhat predictable event. Only about 7% of options positions are typically exercised, but that does not imply that investors can expect to be assigned on only 7% of their short positions. Investors may have some, all or none of their short positions assigned.

And while the majority of American-style options exercises (and assignments) happen on or near the contract's expiration, a long options holder can exercise their right at any time, even if the underlying security is halted for trading. Someone may exercise their options early based upon a significant price movement in the underlying security or if shares become difficult to borrow as the result of a pending corporate action such as a buyout or takeover. 

Note: European-style options can only be exercised during a specified period just prior to expiration. In U.S. markets, the majority of options on commodity and index futures are European-style, while options on stocks and exchange-traded funds (ETF) are American-style. So, while SPDR S&P 500, or SPY options, which are options tied to an ETF that tracks the S&P 500, are American-style options, S&P 500 Index options, or SPX options, which are tied to S&P 500 futures contracts, are European-style options.

What happens after an option is assigned?

An investor who is assigned on a short option position is required to meet the terms of the written option contract upon receiving notification of the assignment. In the case of a short equity call, the seller of the option must deliver stock at the strike price and in return receives cash. An investor who doesn't already own the shares will need to acquire and deliver shares in return for cash in the amount of the strike price, multiplied by 100, since each contract represents 100 shares. In the case of a short equity put, the seller of the option is required to purchase the stock at the strike price.

How might an investor's account balance fluctuate after opening a short options position?

It is normal to see an account balance fluctuate after opening a short option position. Investors who have questions or concerns or who do not understand reported trade balances and assets valuations should contact their brokerage firm immediately for an explanation. Please keep in mind that short option positions can incur substantial risk in certain situations.

For example, say XYZ stock is trading at $40 and an investor sells 10 contracts for XYZ July 50 calls at $1.00, collecting a premium of $1,000, since each contract represents 100 shares ($1.00 premium x 10 contracts x 100 shares). Consider what happens if XYZ stock increases to $60, the call is exercised by the option holder and the investor is assigned. Should the investor not own the stock, they must now acquire and deliver 1,000 shares of XYZ at a price of $50 per share. Given the current stock price of $60, the investor's short stock position would result in an unrealized loss of $9,000 (a $10,000 loss from delivering shares $10 below current stock price minus the $1,000 premium collected earlier).

Note: Even if the investor's short call position had not been assigned, the investor's account balance in this example would still be negatively affected—at least until the options expire if they are not exercised. The investor's account position would be updated to reflect the investor's unrealized loss—what they could lose if an option is exercised (and they are assigned) at the current market price. This update does not represent an actual loss (or gain) until the option is actually exercised and the investor is assigned. 

What happens if an investor opened a multi-leg strategy, but one leg is assigned?

American-style option holders have the right to exercise their options position prior to expiration regardless of whether the options are in-, at- or out-of-the-money. Investors can be assigned if any market participant holding calls or puts of the same series submits an exercise notice to their brokerage firm. When one leg is assigned, subsequent action may be required, which could include closing or adjusting the remaining position to avoid potential capital or margin implications resulting from the assignment. These actions may not be attractive and may result in a loss or a less-than-ideal gain.

If an investor's short option is assigned, the investor will be required to perform in accordance with their obligation to purchase or deliver the underlying security, regardless of the overall risk of their position when taking into account other options that may be owned as part of the overall multi-leg strategy. If the investor owns an option that serves to limit the risk of the overall spread position, it is up to the investor to exercise that option or to take other action to limit risk. 

Below are a couple of examples that underscore how important it is for every investor to understand the risks associated with potential assignment during market hours and potentially adverse price movements in afterhours trading.

Example #1: An investor is short March 50 XYZ puts and long March 55 XYZ puts. At the close of business on March expiration, XYZ is priced at $56 per share, and both puts are out of the money, which means they have no intrinsic value. However, due to an unexpected news announcement shortly after the closing bell, the price of XYZ drops to $40 in after-hours trading. This could result in an assignment of the short March 50 puts, requiring the investor to purchase shares of XYZ at $50 per share. The investor would have needed to exercise the long March 55 puts in order to realize the gain on the initial multi-leg position. If the investor did not exercise the March 55 puts, those puts may expire and the investor may be exposed to the loss on the XYZ purchase at $50, a $10 per share loss with XYZ now trading at $40 per share, without receiving the benefit of selling XYZ at $55.

Example #2: An investor is short March 50 XYZ puts and long April 50 XYZ puts. At the close of business on March expiration, XYZ is priced at $45 per share, and the investor is assigned XYZ stock at $50. The investor will now own shares of XYZ at $50, along with the April 50 XYZ puts, which may be exercised at the investor's discretion. If the investor chooses not to exercise the April 50 puts, they will be required to pay for the shares that were assigned to them on the short March 50 XYZ puts until the April 50 puts are exercised or shares are otherwise disposed of.

Note: In either example, the short put position may be assigned prior to expiration at the discretion of the option holder. Investors can check with their brokerage firm regarding their option exercise procedures and cut-off times.

For options-specific questions, you may contact OCC's Investor Education team at [email protected] , via chat on OptionsEducation.org or subscribe to the OIC newsletter . If you have questions about options trading in your brokerage account, we encourage you to contact your brokerage firm. If after doing so you have not resolved the issue or have additional concerns, you can contact FINRA .

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What is Options Assignment & How to Avoid It

If you are learning about options, assignment might seem like a scary topic. In this article, you will learn why it really isn’t. I will break down the entire options assignment process step by step and show you when you might be assigned, how to minimize the risk of being assigned, and what to do if you are assigned.

Video Breakdown of Options Assignment

Check out the following video in which I explain everything you need to know about assignment:

What is Assignment?

To understand assignment, we must first remember what options allow you to do. So let’s start with a brief recap:

• A call option gives its buyer the right to buy 100 shares of the underlying at the strike price
• A put option gives its buyer the right to sell 100 shares of the underlying at the strike price

In other words, call options allow you to call away shares of the underlying from someone else, whereas a put option allows you to put shares in someone else’s account. Hence the name call and put option.

The assignment process is the selection of the other party of this transaction. So the person that has to buy from or sell to the option buyer that exercised their option.

Note that an option buyer has the right to exercise their option. It is not an obligation and therefore, a buyer of an option can never be assigned. Only option sellers can ever be get assigned since they agree to fulfill this obligation when they sell an option.

Let’s go through a specific example to clarify this:

• The underlying security is stock ABC and it is trading at $100.
• Peter decides to buy 1 put option with a strike price of 95 as a hedge for his long stock position in ABC
• Kate sells this exact same option at the same time.

Over the next few weeks, ABC’s price goes down to $90 and Peter decides to exercise his put option. This means that he uses his right to sell 100 shares of ABC for $95 per share. Now Kate is assigned these 100 shares of ABC which means she is obligated to buy them for $95 per share. 

Peter now has 100 fewer shares of ABC in his portfolio, whereas Kate has 100 more.

This process is analog for a call option with the only difference being that Kate would be short 100 shares and Peter would have 100 additional shares of ABC in his portfolio.

Hopefully, this example clarifies what assignment is.

Who Can Be Assigned?

To answer this question, we must first ask ourselves who exercises their option? To do this, let’s quickly look at the different ways that you can close a long option position:

• Sell the option: Selling an option is probably the easiest way to close a long option position. Doing this will have no effect on the option seller.
• Let the option expire: If the option is Out of The Money , it would expire worthless and there would be no consequence for the option seller. If, on the other hand, the option is In The Money by more than $0.01, it would typically be automatically exercised . This would start the options assignment process.
• Exercise the option early: The last possibility would be to exercise the option before its expiration date. This, however, can only be done if the option is an American-style option. This would, once again, lead to an option assignment.

So as an option seller, you only have to worry about the last two possibilities in which the buyer’s option is exercised. 

But before you worry too much, here is a quick fact about the distribution of these 3 alternatives:

Less than 10% of all options are exercised.

This means 90% of all options are either sold prior to the expiration date or expire worthless. So always remember this statistic before breaking your head over the risk of being assigned.

It is very easy to avoid the first case of being assigned. To avoid it, just close your short option positions before they expire (ITM). For the second case, however, things aren’t as straight forward.

Who Risks being Assigned Early?

Firstly, you have to be trading American-style options. European-style options can only be exercised on their expiration date. But most equity options are American-style anyway. So unless you are trading index options or other kinds of European-style options, this will be the case for you.

Secondly, you need to be an options seller. Option buyers can’t be assigned.

These two are necessary conditions for you to be assigned. Everyone who fulfills both of these conditions risks getting assigned early. The size of this risk, however, varies depending on your position. Here are a few things that can dramatically increase your assignment risk:

• ITM: If your option is ITM, the chance of being assigned is much higher than if it isn’t. From the standpoint of an option buyer, it does not make sense to exercise an option that isn’t ITM because this would lead to a loss. Nevertheless, it is possible. The deeper ITM the option is, the higher the assignment risk becomes.
• Dividends : Besides that, selling options on securities with upcoming dividends also increases your risk of assignment. More specifically, if the extrinsic value of an ITM call option is less than the amount of the dividend, option buyers can achieve a profit by exercising their option before the ex-dividend date. 
• Extrinsic Value: Otherwise, keep an eye on the extrinsic value of your option. If the option has extrinsic value left, it doesn’t make sense for the option buyer to exercise their option because they would achieve a higher profit if they just sold the option and then bought or sold shares of the underlying asset. Typically, the less time an option has left, the lower its extrinsic value becomes. Implied volatility is another factor that influences extrinsic value.
• Puts vs Calls: This is more of an interesting side note than actual advice, but put options tend to get exercised more often than call options. This makes sense since put options give their buyer the right to sell the underlying asset and can, therefore, be a very useful hedge for long stock positions.

How can you Minimize Assignment Risk?

Since you now know what assignment is, and who risks being assigned, let’s shift our focus on how to minimize the assignment risk. Even though it isn’t possible to completely remove the risk of being assigned, there are things that you can do to dramatically decrease the chances of being assigned.

The first thing would be to avoid selling options on securities with upcoming dividend payments. Before putting on a position, simply check if the underlying security has any upcoming dividend payments. If so, look for a different trade.

If you ever are in the position that you are short an option and the ex-dividend of the underlying security is right around the corner, compare the size of the dividend to the extrinsic value of your option. If the extrinsic value is less than the dividend amount, you really should consider closing the position. Otherwise, the chances of being assigned are high. This is especially bad since being short during a dividend payment of a security will force you to pay the dividend.

Besides avoiding dividends, you should also close your option positions early. The less time an option has left, the lower its extrinsic value becomes and the more it makes sense for option buyers to exercise their options. Therefore, it is good practice to close your (ITM) short option positions at least one week before the expiration date.

The deeper an option is ITM, the higher the chances of assignment become. So the just-mentioned rule is even more important for deep ITM options.

If you don’t want to indefinitely close your position, it is also possible to roll it out to a later expiration cycle. This will give you more time and add extrinsic value to your position.

FAQs about Assignment

Last but not least, I want to answer some frequently asked questions about options exercise and assignment.

1. What happens if your account does not have enough buying power to cover the assigned position?

This is a common worry for beginning options traders. But don’t worry, if you don’t have enough capital to cover the new position, you will receive a margin call and usually, your broker will just automatically close the assigned shares immediately. This might lead to a minor assignment fee, but otherwise, it won’t significantly affect your account. Tatsyworks, for example, charges an assignment fee of only $5.

Check out my review of tastyworks

2. How does assignment affect your P&L?

When an option is exercised, the option holder gains the difference between the strike price and the price of the underlying asset. If the option is ITM, this is exactly the intrinsic value of the option. This means that the option holder loses the extrinsic value when he exercises his/her option. That’s also why it doesn’t make sense to exercise options with a lot of extrinsic value left.

This means that as soon as the option is exercised, it is only the intrinsic value that is relevant for the payoff. This is the same payoff as the option at its expiration date.

So as an options seller, your P&L isn’t negatively affected by an assignment. Either it stays the same or it becomes slightly better due to the extrinsic value being ignored.

As an example, if your option is ITM by $1, you will lose up to $100 per option or $1 per share that you are assigned. But this does not account for the extrinsic value that falls away with the exercise of the option. So this would be the same P&L as at expiration. Depending on how much premium you collected when selling the option, this might still be a profit or a minor loss.

With that being said, as soon as you are assigned, you will have some carrying risk. If you don’t or can’t close the position immediately, you will be exposed to the ongoing price fluctuations of that security.  Sometimes, you might not be able to close the new position immediately because of trading halts, or because the market is closed.

If you weren’t planning on holding that security, it is a good idea to close the new position as soon as possible. 

Option spreads such as vertical spreads, add protection to these price fluctuations since you can just exercise the long option to close the assigned share position at the strike price of the long option.

3. When an option holder exercises their option, how is the assignment partner chosen?

This is usually a random process. As soon as an option is exercised, the responsible brokerage firm sends a request to the Options Clearing Corporation (OCC). They send back the requested shares, whereafter they randomly choose another brokerage firm that currently has a client that is short the exercised option. Then the chosen broker has to decide which of their clients is assigned. This choice is, once again, random or a time-based priority system is used.

4. How does assignment work for index options?

As there aren’t any shares of indexes, you can’t directly be assigned any shares of the underlying asset. Therefore, index options are cash-settled. This means that instead of having to buy or sell shares of the underlying, you simply have to pay the difference between the strike price and the underlying trading price. This makes assignment easier and a lot less likely among index options.

Note that ETF options such as SPY options are not cash-settled. SPY is a normal security with openly traded shares, so exercise and assignment work just like they do among equity options.

I hope this article made you realize that assignment isn’t as bad as it might seem at first. It is just important to understand how the options assignment process works and what affects the likelihood of being assigned.

To recap, here’s what you should to do when you are assigned:

if you have enough capital in your account to cover the position, you could either treat the new position as a normal (stock) position and hold on to it or you could close it immediately. If you don’t have a clear trading plan for the new position, I recommend the latter.

If, on the other hand, you don’t have enough buying power, you will receive a margin call from your broker and the position should be closed automatically.

Assignment does not have any significant impact on your P&L, but it comes with some carrying risk. Options spreads can offer more protection against this than naked option positions.

To mitigate assignment risk, you should close option positions early, always keep an eye on the extrinsic value of your option positions, and avoid upcoming dividend securities.

And always remember, less than 10% of options are exercised, so assignment really doesn’t happen that often, especially not if you are actively trying to avoid it.

For the specifics of how assignment is handled, it is a good idea to contact your broker, as the procedures can vary from broker to broker.

Thank you for taking the time and reading this post. If you have any questions, comments, or feedback, please let me know in the comment section below.

22 Replies to “What is Options Assignment & How to Avoid It”

hi there well seems like finally there is one good honest place. seem like you are puting on the table the whole truth about bad positions. however my wuestion is when can one know where to put that line of limit. when do you recognise or understand that you are in a bad position? thanks and once again, a great site.

Well If you are trading a risk defined strategy the point would be at max loss and not too much time left until expiration. For undefined risk strategies however it can be very different. I would just say if you don’t have too much time until expiration and are far from making money you should use some common sense and admit that you are wrong.

What would happen in the event of a crash. Would brokers be assigning, options, cashing out these shares, and making others bankrupt. Well, I guessed I sort of answered my own question. Its not easy to understand, especially not knowing when this would come up. But seems like you hit the important aspects of the agreement.

Actually I wouldn’t imagine that too many people would want to exercise their options in case of a market ctash, because they probably wouldn’t want to hold stocks in this risky and volatile environment. 

And to the part of the questions: making others bankrupt. This really depends on the situation. You can’t get assigned more stock than your option covers. This means as long as you trade with reasonable position sizing nothing too bad can happen. Otherwise I would recommend to trade with defined risk strategies so your maximum drawdown is capped.

Thanks for writing about assignment Louis. After reading the section how assignment works, I feel I am somewhat unclear about how assignment works when the exerciser exercises Put or Call option. In both cases, if the underlying is an index, is the settlement done through the margin account money? Would you be able to provide a little more detail of how exercising the option (Put vs Call) would work in case of an underlying stock vs Index.

Thank you very much in advance

Thanks for the question. Indexes can’t be traded in the same way as stocks can. That’s why index options are settled in cash. If your index option is assigned, you won’t have to buy or sell any shares of the underlying index at the strike price because there exist no shares of indexes. Instead, you have to pay the amount that your index option is ITM to the exerciser of your option. Let me give you an example: You are short a call option with the strike price of 1000. The underlying asset is an index and it’s price is 1050. This means your call option is 50 points ITM. If someone exercises your long call option, you will have to pay him/her the difference between the strike price and the underlying’s price which would be 50 (1050-1000). So the main difference between index and stock options is that you don’t have to buy/sell any shares of the underlying asset for index options. I hope this helps. Please let me know if you have any other questions or comments.

Can the same logic be applied for ETFs as it does Indexes? For example, if I trade the SPY ETF, would it be settled in cash?

Thanks! Johnson

Hi Johnson, Exercise and assignment for ETFs such as SPY work just like they do for equities. ETFs have shares that are openly traded, whereas indexes don’t. That’s why indexes are settled in cash, whereas ETFs aren’t. I hope this helps.

There are many articles online that I read that are biased against options tradings and I am a bit surprised to read a really helpful article like this. I find this helpful in understanding options trading, what are the techniques and how to manage the risks. Before, I was hesitant to try this financial game but now, after reading this article, I am considering participating with live accounts and no longer with a demo account. A few months ago, I signed up with a company called IQ Options, but really never involved real money and practiced only with a demo account.

Thanks for your comment. I am glad to see that you liked the post. However, I don’t recommend sing IQ Option to trade since they are a very shady trading firm. You could check out my  Review of IQ Option for all the details.

this is a great and amazing article. i sincerely your effort creating time  to write on such an informative article which has taught me a lot more on what is options assignment and avoiding it. i just started trading but had no ideas on this as a beginner. i find this article very helpful because it has given me more understanding on options trading and knowing the techniques and how to manage the risks. thanks for sharing this amazing article

You are very welcome

Hello, the first thing that i noticed when i opened this page is the beauty of the website. i am sure you have put much effort into creating this article and the details are really clear here. after watching the video break down, i fully understood the entire process on how to avoid options assignment.

Thank you so much for the positive feedback!

I would love to create a website like yours as the design used is really nice, simple and brings about clarity of the write ups, but then you wrote a brilliant article on how to avoid options assignment. great video here. it was  confusing at first. i will suggest another video be added to help some people like me.

Thanks for the feedback. I recommend checking out my  options trading beginner course . In it, I cover all the basics that weren’t explained here.

Thanks for your very helpful article. I am contemplating selling a call that would cover half my shares on company X. How can ensure that the assignment process selects the shares that I bought at a higher price, so as to maximize capital losses?

Hi Luis, When you are assigned, you just automatically buy/sell shares of the underlying at the strike price. This means your overall portfolio is adjusted by these 100 shares. The exact shares and your entry price are irrelevant. If you have 50 shares of X and your short call is assigned, you will sell 100 shares of X at the strike price. After this, your position would be -50 shares of X which would be equivalent to being short 50 shares of X. I hope this helps.

Louis, I entered a CALL butterfly spread at $100 below where I intended, just 2 days before expiration date. I intended to speculate on a big earning announcement jump the next day. It was a debit of 1.25. Also, when I realized my mistake, I tried to close it for anything at all. The Mark fluctuated between 40 and 70, but I could not get it to close. So now I am assigned to sell 200 share at 70 dollars below the market price of the stock. I am having a heart attack. I do not have the 200 shares to deliver, so it seems I have to buy them at the market, and sell them for $70 less, for a loss of $14,000.

What other options are open to me? Can my trading firm force a close with a friendly market maker and make it as if it happened on Friday? I am willing to pay a friendly market maker several hundred dollars to make this trade. Is that an option? Other options the trading firm can do for me that would cost me less than $14,000?

Hi Paul, Thanks for your comment. From the limited information provided, it is hard to say what is actually going on. If you bought a call butterfly spread, your max loss should be limited to the premium you paid to open the position. An assignment shouldn’t have a huge impact on your overall P&L. I highly recommend contacting your broker and explaining your situation to them since they have all the information required to evaluate what’s actually going on. But if the loss is real, there is no way for you to make a deal with a market maker to limit or undo potential losses. I hope this helps.

What happens with ITM long call option that typically gets automatically exercised at expiration, if the owner of the call option doesn’t have the cash/margin to cover the stock purchase?

He would receive a margin call

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The Risks of Options Assignment

Any trader holding a short option position should understand the risks of early assignment. An early assignment occurs when a trader is forced to buy or sell stock when the short option is exercised by the long option holder. Understanding how assignment works can help a trader take steps to reduce their potential losses.

Understanding the basics of assignment

An option gives the owner the right but not the obligation to buy or sell stock at a set price. An assignment forces the short options seller to take action. Here are the main actions that can result from an assignment notice:

• Short call assignment: The option seller must sell shares of the underlying stock at the strike price.
• Short put assignment: The option seller must buy shares of the underlying stock at the strike price.

For traders with long options positions, it's possible to choose to exercise the option, buying or selling according to the contract before it expires. With a long call exercise, shares of the underlying stock are bought at the strike price while a long put exercise results in selling shares of the underlying stock at the strike price.

When a trader might get assigned

There are two components to the price of an option: intrinsic 1 and extrinsic 2  value. In the case of exercising an in-the-money 3 (ITM) long call, a trader would buy the stock at the strike price, which is lower than its prevailing price. In the case of a long put that isn't being used as a hedge for a long stock position, the trader shorts the stock for a price higher than its prevailing price. A trader only captures an ITM option's intrinsic value if they sell the stock (after exercising a long call) or buy the stock (after exercising a long put) immediately upon exercise.

Without taking these actions, a trader takes on the risks associated with holding a long or short stock position. The question of whether a short option might be assigned depends on if there's a perceived benefit to a trader exercising a long option that another trader has short. One way to attempt to gauge if an option could be potentially assigned is to consider the associated dividend. An options seller might be more likely to get assigned on a short call for an upcoming ex-dividend if its time value is less than the dividend. It's more likely to get assigned holding a short put if the time value has mostly decayed or if the put is deep ITM and close to expiration with a wide bid/ask spread on the stock.

It's possible to view this information on the Trade page of the thinkorswim ® trading platform. Review past dividends, the price of the short call, and the price of the put at the call's strike price. While past performance cannot be relied upon to continue, this information can help a trader determine whether assignment is more or less likely.

Reducing the risk associated with assignment

If a trader has a covered call that's ITM and it's assigned, the trader will deliver the long stock out of their account to cover the assignment.

A trader with a call vertical spread 4 where both options are ITM and the ex-dividend date is approaching may want to exercise the long option component before the ex-dividend date to have long stock to deliver against the potential assignment of the short call. The trader could also close the ITM call vertical spread before the ex-dividend date. It might be cheaper to pay the fees to close the trade.

Another scenario is a call vertical spread where the ITM option is short and the out-of-the-money (OTM) option is long. In this case, the trader may consider closing the position or rolling it to a further expiration before the ex-dividend date. This move can possibly help the trader avoid having short stock on the ex-dividend date and being liable for the dividend.

Depending on the situation, a trader long an ITM call might decide it's better to close the trade ahead of the ex-dividend date. On the ex-dividend date, the price of the stock drops by the amount of the dividend. The drop in the stock price offsets what a trader would've earned on the dividend and there would still be fees on top of the price of the put.

Assess the risk

When an option is converted to stock through exercise or assignment, the position's risk profile changes. This change could increase the margin requirements, or subject a trader to a margin call, 5 or both. This can happen at or before expiration during early assignment. The exercise of a long option position can be more likely to trigger a margin call since naked short option trades typically carry substantial margin requirements.

Even with early exercise, a trader can still be assigned on a short option any time prior to the option's expiration.

1  The intrinsic value of an options contract is determined based on whether it's in the money if it were to be exercised immediately. It is a measure of the strike price as compared to the underlying security's market price. For a call option, the strike price should be lower than the underlying's market price to have intrinsic value. For a put option the strike price should be higher than underlying's market price to have intrinsic value.

2  The extrinsic value of an options contract is determined by factors other than the price of the underlying security, such as the dividend rate of the underlying, time remaining on the contract, and the volatility of the underlying. Sometimes it's referred to as the time value or premium value.

3  Describes an option with intrinsic value (not just time value). A call option is in the money (ITM) if the underlying asset's price is above the strike price. A put option is ITM if the underlying asset's price is below the strike price. For calls, it's any strike lower than the price of the underlying asset. For puts, it's any strike that's higher.

4  The simultaneous purchase of one call option and sale of another call option at a different strike price, in the same underlying, in the same expiration month.

5  A margin call is issued when the account value drops below the maintenance requirements on a security or securities due to a drop in the market value of a security or when buying power is exceeded. Margin calls may be met by depositing funds, selling stock, or depositing securities. A broker may forcibly liquidate all or part of the account without prior notice, regardless of intent to satisfy a margin call, in the interests of both parties.

Just getting started with options?

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Related topics.

Options carry a high level of risk and are not suitable for all investors. Certain requirements must be met to trade options through Schwab. Please read the options disclosure document titled  Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options before considering any options transaction. Supporting documentation for any claims or statistical information is available upon request.

With long options, investors may lose 100% of funds invested.

Spread trading must be done in a margin account.

Multiple leg options strategies will involve multiple commissions.

Commissions, taxes and transaction costs are not included in this discussion, but can affect final outcome and should be considered. Please contact a tax advisor for the tax implications involved in these strategies.

The information provided here is for general informational purposes only and should not be considered an individualized recommendation or personalized investment advice. The investment strategies mentioned here may not be suitable for everyone. Each investor needs to review an investment strategy for his or her own particular situation before making any investment decision.

Examples provided are for illustrative purposes only and not intended to be reflective of results you can expect to achieve.

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Assignment: Definition in Finance, How It Works, and Examples

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and behavioral finance. Adam received his master's in economics from The New School for Social Research and his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in sociology. He is a CFA charterholder as well as holding FINRA Series 7, 55 & 63 licenses. He currently researches and teaches economic sociology and the social studies of finance at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem.

Yarilet Perez is an experienced multimedia journalist and fact-checker with a Master of Science in Journalism. She has worked in multiple cities covering breaking news, politics, education, and more. Her expertise is in personal finance and investing, and real estate.

What Is an Assignment?

Assignment most often refers to one of two definitions in the financial world:

• The transfer of an individual's rights or property to another person or business. This concept exists in a variety of business transactions and is often spelled out contractually.
• In trading, assignment occurs when an option contract is exercised. The owner of the contract exercises the contract and assigns the option writer to an obligation to complete the requirements of the contract.

Key Takeaways

• Assignment is a transfer of rights or property from one party to another.
• Options assignments occur when option buyers exercise their rights to a position in a security.
• Other examples of assignments can be found in wages, mortgages, and leases.

Uses For Assignments

Assignment refers to the transfer of some or all property rights and obligations associated with an asset, property, contract, or other asset of value. to another entity through a written agreement.

Assignment rights happen every day in many different situations. A payee, like a utility or a merchant, assigns the right to collect payment from a written check to a bank. A merchant can assign the funds from a line of credit to a manufacturing third party that makes a product that the merchant will eventually sell. A trademark owner can transfer, sell, or give another person interest in the trademark or logo. A homeowner who sells their house assigns the deed to the new buyer.

To be effective, an assignment must involve parties with legal capacity, consideration, consent, and legality of the object.

A wage assignment is a forced payment of an obligation by automatic withholding from an employee’s pay. Courts issue wage assignments for people late with child or spousal support, taxes, loans, or other obligations. Money is automatically subtracted from a worker's paycheck without consent if they have a history of nonpayment. For example, a person delinquent on $100 monthly loan payments has a wage assignment deducting the money from their paycheck and sent to the lender. Wage assignments are helpful in paying back long-term debts.

Another instance can be found in a mortgage assignment. This is where a mortgage deed gives a lender interest in a mortgaged property in return for payments received. Lenders often sell mortgages to third parties, such as other lenders. A mortgage assignment document clarifies the assignment of contract and instructs the borrower in making future mortgage payments, and potentially modifies the mortgage terms.

A final example involves a lease assignment. This benefits a relocating tenant wanting to end a lease early or a landlord looking for rent payments to pay creditors. Once the new tenant signs the lease, taking over responsibility for rent payments and other obligations, the previous tenant is released from those responsibilities. In a separate lease assignment, a landlord agrees to pay a creditor through an assignment of rent due under rental property leases. The agreement is used to pay a mortgage lender if the landlord defaults on the loan or files for bankruptcy . Any rental income would then be paid directly to the lender.

Options Assignment

Options can be assigned when a buyer decides to exercise their right to buy (or sell) stock at a particular strike price . The corresponding seller of the option is not determined when a buyer opens an option trade, but only at the time that an option holder decides to exercise their right to buy stock. So an option seller with open positions is matched with the exercising buyer via automated lottery. The randomly selected seller is then assigned to fulfill the buyer's rights. This is known as an option assignment.

Once assigned, the writer (seller) of the option will have the obligation to sell (if a call option ) or buy (if a put option ) the designated number of shares of stock at the agreed-upon price (the strike price). For instance, if the writer sold calls they would be obligated to sell the stock, and the process is often referred to as having the stock called away . For puts, the buyer of the option sells stock (puts stock shares) to the writer in the form of a short-sold position.

Suppose a trader owns 100 call options on company ABC's stock with a strike price of $10 per share. The stock is now trading at $30 and ABC is due to pay a dividend shortly. As a result, the trader exercises the options early and receives 10,000 shares of ABC paid at $10. At the same time, the other side of the long call (the short call) is assigned the contract and must deliver the shares to the long.

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What Is an Option Assignment?

Definition and Examples of Assignment

How does assignment work, what it means for individual investors.

Morsa Images / Getty Images

An option assignment represents the seller of an option’s obligation to fulfill the terms of the contract by either selling or purchasing the underlying security at the exercise price. Let’s explain what that means in more detail.

Key Takeaways

• An assignment represents the seller of an option’s obligation to fulfill the terms of the contract by either selling or purchasing the underlying security at the exercise price. 
• If you sell an option and get assigned, you have to fulfill the transaction outlined in the option.
• You can only get assigned if you sell options, not if you buy them.
• Assignment is relatively rare, with only 7% of options ultimately getting assigned.

An assignment represents the seller of an option’s obligation to fulfill the terms of the contract by either selling or purchasing the underlying security at the exercise price. Let’s explain what that means in more detail.

When you sell an option to someone, you’re selling them the right to make you engage in a future transaction. For example, if you sell someone a put option , you’re promising to buy a stock at a set price any time between when the transaction happens and the expiration date of the option.

If the holder of the option doesn’t do anything with the option by the expiration date, the option expires. However, if they decide that they want to go through with the transaction, they will exercise the option. 

If the holder of an option chooses to exercise it, the seller will receive a notification, called an assignment, letting them know that the option holder is exercising their right to complete the transaction. The seller is legally obligated to fulfill the terms of the options contract.

For example, if you sell a call option on XYZ with a strike price of $40 and the buyer chooses to exercise the option, you’ll be assigned the obligation to fulfill that contract. You’ll have to buy 100 shares of XYZ at whatever the market price is, or take the shares from your own portfolio and sell them to the option holder for $40 each.

Options traders only have to worry about assignment if they sell options contracts. Those who buy options don’t have to worry about assignment because in this case, they have the power to exercise a contract, or choose not to.

The options market is huge, in that options are traded on large exchanges and you likely do not know who you’re buying contracts from or selling them to. It’s not like you sell an option to someone you know and they send you an email if they choose to exercise the contract, rather it is an organized process.

In the U.S., the Options Clearing Corporation (OCC), which is considered the options industry clearinghouse, helps to facilitate the exchange of options contracts. It guarantees a fair process of option assignments, ensuring that the obligations in the contract are fulfilled.

When an investor chooses to exercise a contract, the OCC randomly assigns the obligation to someone who sold the option being exercised. For example, if 100 people sold XYZ calls with a strike of $40, and one of those options gets exercised, the OCC will randomly assign that obligation to one of the 100 sellers.

In general, assignments are uncommon. About 7% of options get exercised, with the remaining 93% expiring. Assignment also tends to grow more common as the expiration date nears.

If you are assigned the obligation to fulfill an options contract you sold, it means you have to accept the related loss and fulfill the contract. Usually, your broker will handle the transaction on your behalf automatically.

If you’re an individual investor, you only have to worry about assignment if you’re involved in selling options. Even then, assignments aren't incredibly common. Less than 7% of options get assigned and they tend to get assigned as the option’s expiration date gets closer.

Having an option assigned does mean that you are forced to lock in a loss on an option, which can hurt. However, if you’re truly worried about assignment, you can plan to close your position at some point before the expiration date or use options strategies that don’t involve selling options that could get exercised.

The Options Industry Council. " Options Assignment FAQ: How Can I Tell When I Will Be Assigned? " Accessed Oct. 18, 2021.

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Online Broker Features & Fees Glossary

Written by Sam Levine, CFA, CMT Edited by Carolyn Kimball Fact-checked by Steven Hatzakis Reviewed by Blain Reinkensmeyer

This page summarizes 21 of the most common online broker features and fees. For a deeper dive, use the online broker comparison tool .

Stock and Options Trading Fees

Margin trading fees, beginner trading features.

Guides : 5 Best Online Brokers , 6 Best Brokers for Free Trading , 5 Best Options Brokers , 5 Best Penny Stock Brokers .

Minimum Deposit : The minimum amount of money required to open a new online brokerage account. While most brokers do not require a minimum deposit to open a new account, some do.

Stock Trade Fee : The cost to place a stock trade. Charging $0 (no fee) for ordinary stock trades is the industry standard.

Broker Assisted Trade Fee : When clients do not have access to the internet, or are trying to trade a specialty security, a broker assisted trade can be placed via phone to execute the order. Broker assisted trades are different than Interactive Voice Response, or IVR, trades. IVR trades allow clients to simply use their phone to place a trade without human assistance, whereas a broker assisted trade is placed by a licensed broker live.

Penny Stocks Fee (OTC) : The fee to trade penny stocks over-the-counter (OTC). Brokers that do not offer penny stock (OTC) trading are listed with "N/A" throughout the site.

Mutual Fund Trade Fee : The commission charged to place a mutual fund trade depends first on the type of fund you are trading. No Transaction Fee, or NTF, mutual funds do not carry a trade fee, for example, but an early redemption fee may be charged if you sell the fund too quickly (typically within 60 to 90 days). The online broker mutual fund trade costs listed below are the standard published rates listed by the brokers and cover the majority of mutual funds including load and no-load funds. Note that some online brokerages do not offer mutual fund trading at all.

Options Trading Base Fee : When trading options online through an online brokerage, most brokers will charge a base fee per trade plus a per contract fee. Other brokers, specifically day trading brokers, typically charge only a per contract fee and no base fee. Brokers that do not charge a base rate are listed as "$0.00" throughout the site.

Options Trading Per Contract Fee : Most online brokers charge a base option fee and then a commission for each individual contract. Some brokers have multiple tiers or several different commission structures for options trading to give clients flexibility in their rates depending on how many contracts they trade.

Options Trading Exercise Fee : Online brokers charge an exercise fee to long option holders when they exercise their rights to buy or sell the underlying shares that each options contract represents. Because all options expire worthless if not exercised, when you hold an options contract, it can either be exercised automatically upon expiration by your broker, or you can direct your broker to do so manually at any time; in either case the exercise fee is charged. For example, if you hold a long put (right to sell) or call (right to buy), you can exercise those rights; but if you are short a call or put, the holder who purchased those contracts from you retains the exercise right and will incur any related fees.

Options Trading Assignment Fees : Online brokers charge an assignment fee to short option holders whose positions (short call or short put) have become exercised by their underlying holders (that is, the buyer of the long call or long put). Remember, for every option trade there is a buyer and a seller, so if you are short an option, there is someone out there who is long that option and who could exercise. An assignment is an obligation for you to deliver shares — lend them to a seller or sell them to a buyer — when you hold a short options position.

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Margin Interest Rate : Margin is money borrowed from a stock broker to purchase stocks, ETFs, options, or other investments. By borrowing money on margin, traders can increase their position size. The margin rate is the interest rate brokers charge for the portion of funds borrowed. For example, the US standard margin leverage is 2:1, meaning you can borrow $1 for every $1 you invest. So, if you buy $100 worth of stock, your online broker will provide you an additional $100, for a total of $200 to invest.

Margin Trading Fee : Beyond the standard commission rate (nearly all brokers offer $0 trades), online brokers do not charge a fee for trading stocks, ETFs, and similar instruments on margin. Instead, they charge an interest rate on the net balance borrowed. For example, if you buy $2,000 worth of Apple (AAPL) stock, with $1,000 of it borrowed on margin, you will pay interest on the $1,000 borrowed.

Margin Call : When traders use leverage to buy shares of stocks, ETFs, or trade options on margin, they can be subject to a margin call from their online broker. A margin call occurs when the trader no longer has enough personal capital in the position to offset the unrealized losses due to the trade going sour. For example, if you short $1000 of stock XYZ at $10 ($500 cash, $500 margin), and it trades up to $20, you now owe not only the original $500 borrowed, but also an additional $1000 from the position doubling in price. Unless you deposit additional cash funds into your brokerage account, your online broker will likely issue a margin call, and force liquidate the position.

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Virtual Trading : Not every investor is ready to jump right in the water and trade stocks and options with real money. Because of this, online brokers will often offer virtual trading so users can practice trading first. With virtual trading, also known as paper trading or stock trading simulator, investors are given a practice portfolio of fake money alongside access to the broker's trade platform. Using delayed quotes, users can then trade both stocks, options, and even forex and futures if they're offered.

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About the Editorial Team

Sam Levine has over 30 years of experience in the investing field as a portfolio manager, financial consultant, investment strategist and writer. He also taught investing as an adjunct professor of finance at Wayne State University. Sam holds the Chartered Financial Analyst and the Chartered Market Technician designations and is pursuing a master's in personal financial planning at the College for Financial Planning. Previously, he was a contributing editor at BetterInvesting Magazine and a contributor to The Penny Hoarder and other media outlets.

Carolyn Kimball is managing editor for Reink Media and the lead editor for the StockBrokers.com Annual Review. Carolyn has more than 20 years of writing and editing experience at major media outlets including NerdWallet, the Los Angeles Times and the San Jose Mercury News. She specializes in coverage of personal financial products and services, wielding her editing skills to clarify complex (some might say befuddling) topics to help consumers make informed decisions about their money.

Steven Hatzakis is the Global Director of Research for ForexBrokers.com. Steven previously served as an Editor for Finance Magnates, where he authored over 1,000 published articles about the online finance industry. Steven is an active fintech and crypto industry researcher and advises blockchain companies at the board level. Over the past 20 years, Steven has held numerous positions within the international forex markets, from writing to consulting to serving as a registered commodity futures representative.

Blain Reinkensmeyer has 20 years of trading experience with over 2,500 trades placed during that time. He heads research for all U.S.-based brokerages on StockBrokers.com and is respected by executives as the leading expert covering the online broker industry. Blain’s insights have been featured in the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Forbes, and the Chicago Tribune, among other media outlets.

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What Is Option Assignment?

Experienced traders know it is possible to turn a profit, even when the selected company’s shares lose value. Purchasing options to buy (call) or sell (put) shares in the future at a pre-determined price comes with risk – but when the bet pays off, there may be substantial rewards.

Option Assignment: The Basics

An options transaction begins with a contract. The writer of the contract agrees to buy or sell shares at an agreed-upon price , known as the strike price, within a specified timeframe.

In the US, the holder of the contract can exercise the option to buy or sell stock at the strike price any time, up to and including the contract’s expiration date. European options can only be exercised on the on the contract’s expiration date.

Options contracts are typically written in 100 share increments , so if the premium fee is $0.30 per share, one option (100 shares) would cost the contract holder $30.

Investors who hold options contracts are not required to exercise them. If they choose not to, they lose the per-share premium fee paid for the contract.

Risks & Benefits Of Options

Investors who believe that stock prices will increase can purchase options to buy shares at a specific price .

If share prices go up as expected, the contract holder has an opportunity to purchase them at the agreed upon rate, which is lower than market value. The contract itself can also be sold to other investors who want the option to buy at the option price.

Investors who believe share prices will decrease can purchase options to sell (or put) the shares to the contract writer .

Assuming the stock price does, in fact, go down, the contract holder profits by selling shares for more than market value.

Alternatively, if the contract holder does not already own the shares, it is possible to sell the contract itself. It has value to other investors who own the shares and want to reduce their losses when the value drops.

Assigning options is the process through which options buyers exercise their rights to buy or sell stock at the price agreed upon in the option contract. The transaction is “assigned” or matched to a contract writer, and the contract writer must meet the terms of the option agreement.

While the option contract buyer is not required to exercise options, the option contract writer is obligated to meet the conditions outlined in the agreement .

Short Call Option Assignment

Investors with options to buy shares at a pre-determined strike price own call options . They can buy or “call” shares away from the contract writer if they choose to exercise their options.

Call Option Assignment Example

Shares of XYZ Co. are currently selling at $50 per share. You believe the price will increase to $60 per share within a month. You purchase an option that allows you to buy 100 shares at $55 within the next month. This costs you $0.25 per share, for a total of $25.

If the share price doesn’t go above the strike price before your option expires, your loss is $25. However, if it does rise beyond $55, your option is “in the money”.

Say share prices increase to $58, and you choose to exercise your options. The transaction is automatically assigned to an option contract writer, and you have an opportunity to call or buy 100 shares of XYZ Co. from that writer at $55 per share.

Your profit is $3 per share or $300 (for every 1 call contract purchased), less the $25 premium and any transaction fees. To lower your transaction costs, consider tastyworks which charges $0 commissions on closing stock and options trades (*clearing fees still apply).

Option holders sometimes choose to exercise their buying rights even if share prices don’t increase as expected when there is a dividend coming up. Of course, this only makes sense when the amount of the dividend is enough to offset fees and still turn a profit for the option contract holder.

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Short Put Option Assignment

A contract to sell shares at a specific strike price is referred to as a put option. These are typically used when investors believe shares of a specific company will go down, and they want to protect existing assets or profit from this downturn in the stock’s price.

Put Option Assignment Example

It works like this: Shares of XYZ Co. are currently selling at $50 per share, but you believe the price is going to drop by 20 percent. You purchase an option to sell 100 shares at $45 within the next month, which is the price you originally paid when you bought the shares. You pay a premium of $0.25 per share, or $25 (for each option contract).

As expected, XYZ Co. experiences a dramatic loss, and shares drop to $38 each. Since you already own these shares, along with a put option, you can “put” them to an options contract holder.

Your transaction is assigned to a contract holder automatically, and the holder must purchase your shares at $45 each. This mitigates the loss you might have otherwise experienced when your stock lost value.

Even if you don’t already own the shares, you can still profit from a put option. You can buy the shares at their current price of $38, then sell them by exercising your option to sell at $45, or you can sell the contract itself. Others who own XYZ Co. shares are also looking for ways to offset some of their losses.

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Option Assignment Can Be Good!

Selling call and put option contracts comes with significant risk, even for the most seasoned investors.

The upside is that when options expire without being exercised, contract writers profit from the premium fees collected. The downside for call contract writers is the potential loss of profit if share prices increase substantially and your options are assigned.

Writing put contracts is slightly less risky, in that contract writers can hold the purchased shares in hopes that prices eventually recover.

Those who hold options contracts risk the loss of their premium fees, but this can be a worthwhile gamble for a number of reasons.

Options can be used to protect a portfolio from the standard ups and downs of the market – a useful feature for investors who have short-term financial goals.

They can also offer an opportunity to speculate on future market changes with limited risk, as the only loss is the loss of premium fees.

To get started trading options, view risk graphs, and access free options trading tutorials, check out thinkorswim .

>> Options Vs Stocks

>> Buying Puts: How To Bet Against The Market

>> How To Trade A Bull Put Spread

Official tax return reveals how one trader nabbed annual gains of 228%, 309% and 339%. His tax return was released online, exposing this simple trading technique used to pocket nearly half a million in profits. Click here to see the official tax return before it is deleted...

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Commissions Options

COMMISSIONS

Minimize Your Costs to Maximize Your Returns*. Low commissions with no added spreads, ticket charges, platform fees, or account minimums.

United States

Third Party Fees -  IBKR Pro

Exchange fees.

Regulatory Fees

Options Regulatory Fee (ORF): USD 0.02815 /contract 3,4

Transaction Fees

SEC Transaction Fee: USD 0.0000278 * Value of Aggregate Sales 5

FINRA Trading Activity Fee: USD 0.00279 * Quantity Sold

OCC Clearing Fees

Trades of 1-2750 contracts: USD 0.02 /contract

Trades > 2750 contracts: USD 55.00 /trade

Third Party Fees -  IBKR Lite

United states - examples, tiered examples:.

Contract Volume ≤ 10,000 per month:

1 Contract @ USD 2 Premium = USD 1.00 2 Contract @ USD 5 Premium = USD 1.30 3 Contract @ USD 0.075 Premium = USD 1.50 5 Contract @ USD 0.03 Premium = USD 1.25

Contract Volume 10,001 - 50,000 per month:

1 Contract @ USD 2 Premium = USD 1.00 2 Contract @ USD 5 Premium = USD 1.00 3 Contract @ USD 0.075 Premium = USD 1.50 5 Contract @ USD 0.03 Premium = USD 1.25

Contract Volume 50,001 - 100,000 per month:

1 Contract @ USD 2 Premium = USD 1.00 2 Contract @ USD 5 Premium = USD 1.00 5 Contract @ USD 2 Premium = USD 1.25

Contract Volume ≥ 100,001 per month:

1 Contract @ USD 2 Premium = USD 1.00 5 Contract @ USD 5 Premium = USD 1.00 7 Contract @ USD 2 Premium = USD 1.05

NANOS Options on Cboe

Mexico - Example

Fixed examples:.

1 AMXL Contract = MXN 25 1 NAFTRAC Contract = MXN 20 1 QQQQ Contract = MXN 30

• Volumes on both US and Canadian markets contribute to sliding scale.
• IBKR Lite accounts are charged a fixed rate commission on the first 1,000 U.S. option contracts traded per month. For U.S. options volume in excess of 1,000 contract per month, IBKR will apply the IBKR Pro U.S. options tiered commission model.
• The Options Regulatory Fee ("ORF") is charged by the following exchanges: AMEX, BATS, BOX, CBOE, CBOE2, EDGX, EMERALD, ISE, GEMINI, MERCURY, MIAX, MEMX, NOM, NASDAQBX, PSE, PHLX.
• Fee applies to executions which clear in the "Customer" account with OCC. This will generally include Public Customer and Professional Customer transactions.
• Transaction fees are only charged for sell orders.
• Direct routed orders are charged USD 1.00/contract on all option premiums
• Third party clearing, regulatory, and transaction fees are charged on NANOS options on Cboe
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• Commissions apply to all order types.
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• Non-Trading Permit Holders, non-broker/dealer and professional customers may be eligible for the CBOE Frequent Trader program. Under the program, rebates may be provided on certain CBOE proprietary products. Clients must contact the exchange directly regarding the application and approval process. Once enrolled, clients should notify IBKR by email at [email protected] to ensure their orders are routed with the proper FTID designation. Once enrolled, rebates will be provided directly from the CBOE
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Brokerage Fees for Covered Call Options

I have been doing some research and am thinking of selling a Covered Call on a stock I currently own and am planning on holding long term. I would like to make an Out-of-the-Money Covered Call (OTM CC), which from my understanding limits my potential gains but would allow me to pocket the contract premium and only have to sell the stock if the option became in-the-money (Stock price went above the call option strike price). In that case I lose out on any gains above the strike price, but since the strike price would be set higher than the current price I would still sell the stock at a profit.

That sounds good to me, but what I am not sure about is the fees that my brokerage will charge. I currently have the Advantage program from Sharebuilder.com , which states the following fee structure:

• $7.95 per real-time trade
• $0.75 per options contract
• $30 per early exercise, no trade commission for "long call or put options positions"
• $20 per automatic exercise, no trade commission for "long call or put options positions that finish in the money"
• $20 per assignment, no trade commission for "Owners of short call option contracts that are assigned an exercise notice prior to expiration or let their short call option finish in-the-money"

Number 1 is what I am use to paying to buy or sell stocks, and for options trading it appears they add $0.75 per contract. I'd only be selling one contract (100 shares), So I assume the base trading fee would only be $8.70. My concern is regarding the option exercise and assignment fees . I believe OTM CC options are short call options, so the early exercise and automatic exercise fees should not apply, but I could be wrong. I understand that calls are usually automatically exercised by the owner when they expire if they are in-the-money, but I also read that "The option holder has the right to exercise his or her options position prior to expiration regardless of whether the options are in- or out-of-the-money" . I assume this means that if the option expires in-the-money or is assigned I will receive an additional $20 fee.

This means my total fees for one OTM CC would be $8.70 up front and $20 if it is exercised. Is this correct? Are there any other fees I should be ware of?

• covered-call
• options-assignment

2 Answers 2

You're basically correct, but this may help:

• The exercise fee is irrelevant. You don't own an option, so you can't exercise it.
• The assignment fee is a risk, but one that you can generally control, since early assignment, while possible, is extremely rare. As a general rule, early assignment of a call will only occur when an option is very deep in the money and a dividend is about to be paid.
• If the option is in the money at expiration, and you haven't bought the option back to close, it probably will be assigned, but since you know when expiration is, you have the ability to buy the option back prior to then, thereby avoiding that fee.
• You should assume that you're going to pay $8.70 at least once (on the way in), and maybe twice (if the stock is above the strike at expiration and you have to buy the call back).
• That means that you need to be happy with the premium you're getting in exchange for sacrificing the upside above the strike after you back out $0.09-$0.18 per share in fees.
• So if, for example, the calls you're selling only have $0.25 in premium, you may want to reconsider, as you'll likely be giving 35%-70% of the income in fees.

• How is the $8.70 calculated? –  Dmitri Zaitsev Commented Jul 29, 2015 at 12:43
• 1 @DmitriZaitsev it's the sum of the flat, per-trade charge ($7.95) and the incremental, per-contract charge ($0.75). –  Jaydles Commented Jul 29, 2015 at 19:14
• Thanks! I forgot the flat-charge was still there - didn't expect it to be the same for the options though. –  Dmitri Zaitsev Commented Jul 30, 2015 at 3:52

Your answer looks correct. It's the buyer of the option that's long, not the seller (you).

If you're doing a lot of trading, you might get hit with wash-sale rules and you could be taxed at the short-term capital gains rate, which is higher than for long-term gains. But those aren't direct fees.

• The wash sale rules don't generally apply in a negative way here. –  Jaydles Commented Nov 11, 2010 at 23:31

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What Is An Assignment Fee — The Complete Investors Guide

Justin dossey.

• July 20, 2022

Whether you’re new to wholesaling , a real estate investor or agent looking to learn more about the “assignment business”, or even a homeowner asking…

… We want to give you a complete guide to understanding the assignment contract and fee from all angles.

Here’s a list of all the questions we’ll be covering:

• What is an assignment fee?
• Reasons to use an assignment?
• How to assign a contract?
• Is it legal?
• Is it ethical?
• How much should a fee be?
• Who pays for it?
• Does the seller or buyer see the fee?
• Alternatives to an assignment?
• Assignment fees and agents?
• Where to get a contract?
• How to increase your assignment fees?
• How to find discounted properties to wholesale ?

1. What’s an assignment fee?

First and foremost we have to define the term.

An assignment fee is a payment from the “ assignor ” (wholesaler) to the “ assignee ” (cash buyer) when the assignee transfers their rights or interest of a property to the assignor during the close of a real estate transaction.

Most often, this term is used in the real estate investing strategy of “wholesaling”.

The business of a “wholesaler”, is grounded in the assignment fee: They negotiate to buy a property, then while in the close of escrow they find a cash buyer. They will then sell the rights to that contract to the cash buyer for a fee.

In practical terms, the “fee” is the difference between what you negotiated in price with the seller, and what you negotiated with the end buyer.

Real-life example:

You find a seller who’s willing to sell her property for $250,000 dollars to you, cash. While in escrow you find a cash buyer who’ll be willing to buy that property for $260,000 cash. When it closes, you make $10,000.

The contracts Typically, most real estate contracts are “assignable”, meaning they can be transferred to another party; you mind find it expressed as an “assignment clause” or simply stated: “This contract is assignable”.

You’ll often hear this term amongst wholesalers, but there are other practicable uses for it as well…

2. Reasons to use an assignment

We covered why wholesalers do it: to make money.

But there are other reasons someone might need to use their assignment provision.

For example…

Changing ownership title If the contract is in your own name… but then, while in escrow, you want to change the “owner” to a trust rather than your personal name, you can then use the “assignment” clause.

Finding a partner While in the closing process of buying a property, you might come across a partner who’d like to have his equity/investment protected as well. So in that case you and your partner create a new entity and assign the rights of the contract to the new entity.

3. How to assign a contract?

Assigning a contract and taking a fee is as simple as giving instructions to your escrow or closing attorney, as long as the contract allows for that provision of assignment.

But the hard part is getting the price right…

It’s not as simple as finding a property on the MLS, saying you’re a cash buyer, then finding a real cash buyer to buy it from you at a mark-up.

There has to be “meat on the bone” for everyone AND a price that’s good enough for the seller to say, ”YES!”.

Most cash buyers will not buy a property at full retail value. There needs to be a way for them to make money either in a flip or having some equity in it if they decide to rent it.

That means, you as the wholesaler—who’s collecting assignment fees—need to find good deals for these cash buyers; that’s essentially what your job is: to find discounted properties.

What seller in their right mind will sell at a discount?

Many do, and for all sorts of reasons.

Here at Ballpoint Marketing, we specialize in creating marketing material for off-market investors looking for properties at a discount. Some of the marketing material that wholesalers might purchase from us to find these good deals is our real handwritten door hangers that you can pick up for .45¢ a piece.

4. Is it legal?

“Wholesaling” is a hot topic on the web and a source of a lot of controversies.

However, assigning a contract for an assignment is not technically illegal as long as the contract and both parties agree to it. If a State makes “assigning” illegal, then that hurts other people who are using assignments to change the name of the buying entity or assign to their family and/or partners.

However, there are many states that are against wholesalers and creating laws against them. That’s why you should meet with a real estate attorney to find out what you can do, and what you can say when you’re a wholesaler collecting assignment fees, however, at the time of this writing they have not exactly made wholesaling “illegal” but place restrictions like for example:

• Saying “ I have a property to sell ” when you actually don’t because it’s still in closing. Rather, You have a “contract” for sale.
• Representing the buyer when you’re not a licensed real estate agent under a broker.

There’s a very fine line between what a wholesaler does and what agents do. You have to make sure what you say and do doesn’t cross those lines.

Here’s a great video on why wholesalers have a bad rep and what you can do differently:

5. Is it ethical

Now that we got the “ legal ” question out of the way…

What about “How ethical is it to wholesale”.

Type that into the web and you’ll get thrown into a black hole of comments and forums chatter you won’t ever be able to get out of.

Here’s the bottom line of why it gets so much controversy and what it has to do with assignment fees…

Wholesalers are going around marketing “We buy houses CASH” when in reality, they aren’t buying it cash… they’re assigning the contract for a fee.

This is where everyone gets their tights all tied up in a bunch (did I just make up a word?! Yes! I did). Because if you say you’re going to close it with cash, but you have to walk away from the seller because you can’t find a buyer… how would you feel leaving a seller (who seriously needed to close yesterday), hanging)?

Some with a conscious would feel pretty bad… others don’t care.

So it’s up to you how you feel about the ethics side of things.

Can you close the deal yourself if you can’t find a cash buyer , via a hard money lender or partner? Or will you feel comfortable walking away from the deal? Or will you be confident enough to go up to the seller and tell her the truth, that you intended on selling the contract to a cash buyer but it seems that your priced it too high, can we renegotiate?

The underlying problem with “walking away” from a buyer is not pricing it right.

If you have a good deal, cash buyers will be all over it and be HAPPY to pay you an assignment fee.

Here’s a video on ethical wholesaling:

6. How much should a fee be?

New wholesalers typically aren’t sure what they should charge. But it’s going to vary from deal-to-deal, and market to market.

A decent wholesaling fee can range from $10,000 to $30,000.

There are occasions when you hear about $100,000 assignment fees. And they do happen. It’s just a matter of negotiating a good deal.

While there isn’t a “set fee” that wholesalers should charge, it all depends on how good of a deal you can negotiate, and how high you can mark up the contract for an end buyer.

So there are two components that determine how much you can get paid for an assignment fee:

• Seller’s price.
• End buyers price.

Later, in another section, I talk about how you can increase your assignment fee… for now, let’s just cover how much your can charge.

Earlier I mentioned that your market might have an influence on how much you can charge. And that has more to do with how low of a discount, sellers are willing to take AND how competitive it is in your market.

Here’s an example:

If a seller talks to three wholesalers, one offers $200,000 while the others offer $180,000, she most likely will go with the higher offer. Well, now those wholesalers might enter into bidding wars in the market, by creeping up their MAOP (Max allowable offer price).

When wholesalers start raising their Max offers (because the market is demanding it), AND if the end buying price (what cash buyers are willing to pay for that deal) does move up with it…

Then you start seeing wholesalers’ assignment fees start shrinking down. We’ll go over later some techniques for helping with this natural occurrence in the market.

Here’s an example of a real wholesaler using our handwritten mailers, in a case study where he made anywhere from $4k fees to $22,500

7. Who pays for it?

Typically, in a traditional real estate wholesaling model, the end buyer (the cash buyer) is paying for your assignment fee.

For example: You negotiate with the seller to buy the property for $100,000. And the end buyer agrees to buy this deal for $120,000. He enters into escrow and pays the $120,000. You get the difference between the seller price and the end buyer price.

8. Does the seller or buyer see the fee?

In a typical assignment transfer, yes your assignment fee will be inside the closing statements.

After a property closes escrow, every party involved will get “closing statements” that look might look like this (depending on your state and the companies you use):

One of the line items may show up as “Assignment Fee” (or something similar), and show the amount.

Buyers will see these, as well as sellers.

However, a cash buyer (usually) understands that wholesaling is A LOT of work and that you should get paid for it. A good cash buyer understands that.

Sellers, most likely, won’t understand what an “assignment fee” is when they see this doc (they most likely won’t even read it).

On the rare occasion that they actually do ask what that line item is, you can tell the truth like this: “We work with partners and lenders all the time, and sometimes we end up selling the property during escrow to these partners, instead of keeping it ourselves. In this case we ended up selling to them”.

There’s a way to circumvent this potential problem of an assignment fee showing up on the closing documents…

And that’s by doing a double close instead of an assignment.

Let me explain in the next section…

9. Alternatives to an assignment?

As mentioned in the previous section, an assignment fee can have some cons to it. The primary being that sellers AND buyers can see how much you’re getting paid.

However, there is another “tool” you can use that hides this from both parties, and that’s called the “double close” (sometimes referred to as a “simultaneous closing” or “back to back” closing. As the name implies, there are 2 separate closings, not 1 (like our assignment fee transaction).

Here’s an explanation:

• The homeowner (party A) agrees to sell to a wholesaler (Party B) for $100,000
• They enter escrow
• While in escrow, Party B finds a cash buyer (Party C)
• Party C agrees to buy that property for $150,000
• They enter a second escrow agreement (different from the first)
• Party C funds the escrow account to buy the property at $150,000
• Party B uses those funds (minus his “assignment fee”) to pay the purchase from Party A

A little confusing?

Maybe this infographic helps:

We won’t go into too much detail about this as this is an article on the assignment fee… But just know that there is an alternative to hiding your fee but using a double close.

The con to this is that you pay a little more because you’re in fact doing 2 closes, not 1. So the times you might want to a double close vs an assignment fee is when you negotiated a very good deal and want to conceal the big check you’ll be getting.

10. Assignment fees and agents?

Anyone can get paid an assignment fee for this kind of “wholesaling” transaction. There’s no law that says agents can’t. However, that agent/broker needs to pay careful attention to their State RE commission laws as they’re put under serious scrutiny if they walk any fine lines.

For instance, if you’re buying the property and wholesaling it AND you’re licensed… in most states, you have to express to the seller that you are a licensed real estate agent but you are NOT representing them, and instead the principle of the transaction.

If you’re an agent wondering if you can (or should) do this, first contact your broker or RE Commission office to find out more.

Secondly, you might want to reconsider doing this as in some markets agent commission fees are higher than typical wholesaling fees. This is rare, but there are some hot markets where wholesalers have to keep raising their prices to win the deal, and therefore lower their assignment fee.

11. How to increase your assignment fees?

As mentioned in a previous section, your fee is greatly dependent on the kind of deal you negotiate.

So if you get a deal at $100,000 and another investor (cash buyer) is willing to pay $150,000 for it, you walk with a $50,000 assignment fee (assuming no closing costs are removed from this).

There are 4 factors to increasing your assignment fees…

• Become a better marketer If you improve your knowledge and skill set in marketing, you can essentially get to motivated sellers before anyone else.In the next section, we cover how to find these properties, which has everything to do with marketing, but one way (that we specialize in) is using handwritten mail to gain the best response rates from sellers.
• Become a better negotiator If you study and practice good salesmanship you can effectively win deals even if you’re offer is “low” . If you have no experience in sales, this will take time, but there are loads of resources available online (free and paid) that you can take advantage of. But, if you’re planning to stay in this entrepreneurship game for the long haul I HIGHLY suggest you study sales on a regular basis.
• Know you numbers Getting better and better at knowing what your market demands in terms of prices, rehab costs , etc… will help determine a more accurate price at a faster rate. Why does this matter to getting paid a higher assignment fee? It’s 2 reasons: First, if you know that cash buyers are willing to pay X, you can raise your asking price from end buyers, or on the flip side of that if, you know that a house needs some major repairs you can use that negotiated a lower price with the seller…Secondly, if you are really good with numbers, you can give an offer faster than your competition who has to take 1-2 days to send an offer in. In competitive markets “ Speed to lead ” wins and the person who can act fastest is usually the one who takes the trophy.
• Build a thriving buyers list The second component of the assignment fee and wholesaling business is selling the contract to a cash buyer.And, if you can build a list of buyers who will pay more for a good deal than most of the other “bottom of the barrel” buyers who demand very steep prices.Where do find buyers willing to pay more? It’s usually among high w-2 earners (doctors, lawyers, etc) who like to flip houses on the side. Or high-income business owners looking to park their cash somewhere to earn 15%+ annual ROI by doing so occasional flips.If you can find them, network with them, and add them to your list you can essentially raise your property raise to increase your assignment fee

12. How to find discounted properties to wholesale?

Finally our last section in this article which is probably at the top of some people’s minds:

“ Assignments sound great, but how do you FIND discounted properties!?!?”

Wholesaling is probably one of the toughest occupations in real estate.

You have to be well-rounded in almost every aspect of the industry. And you have to be top-notch in your selling and marketing capabilities.

But with that, there are foundational techniques to help you find these properties on your own. I’m going to give you 2 resources to start below.

First, is our article “ 8 ways to find 100 sellers for under $500”

Second is our eBook on Direct mail

You can get the Ebook for free by subscribing below to our newsletter, where we give lessons, stories, and value every week to real estate investors like you…

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Cost Analysis: Fees and Margins in Options vs Futures Trading

In the realm of trading, understanding the nuances of costs associated with options and futures is crucial for making informed decisions. Both instruments have their unique fee structures and potential profit margins, influencing traders’ strategies and outcomes. As market participants evaluate these two formidable financial tools, it’s imperative to consider how these costs may impact overall profitability.

What factors should traders prioritize when deciding between options and futures?

Understanding Options and Futures

Before diving into cost analysis, let’s first understand the basic characteristics of options vs futures . Options are contracts that give the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price (strike price) on or before a specified date (expiration date). Futures are contracts to purchase or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price and date in the future.

Fees Comparison

When it comes to fees, both options and futures trading have their own unique costs. However, it’s important to note that these fees can vary depending on factors such as brokerage firms, market conditions, and volume of trades.

Options Trading Fees

Options trading usually has lower upfront costs than futures because it requires less capital. The main cost is the premium paid for the contract, which consists of intrinsic value and time value. Intrinsic value is the difference between the strike price and the current market price of the underlying asset, while time value is affected by volatility and time until expiration.

In addition to premiums, options traders may face fees for exercises and assignments, which happen when an option holder exercises their right to buy or sell the underlying asset, or when a writer (seller) is assigned to fulfill their obligation. Other potential fees include brokerage commissions, exchange fees, and regulatory fees.

Futures Trading Fees

Futures trading typically involves higher upfront costs compared to options because futures contracts require a larger margin. The main fee associated with futures trading is the initial margin requirement, which is a percentage of the contract’s value that must be deposited in a trading account.

In addition to initial margins, futures traders may also incur commissions from brokerage firms, exchange fees, and regulatory fees. These fees can vary depending on factors such as the type of asset being traded and the volume of trades.

Risks Comparison

Both options and futures trading involve significant risks. Here are some key differences in terms of risk exposure:

When buying an option contract, your maximum loss is limited to the premium paid. However, when selling an option, your potential losses can be unlimited. This is because as a writer of an option, you are obligated to fulfill the terms of the contract if the buyer chooses to exercise their right.

When buying a futures contract, your maximum loss is limited to the initial margin paid, similar to options. However, selling futures contracts carries the risk of unlimited losses due to price fluctuations in the underlying asset.

Both options and futures trading involve leverage, which can amplify gains and losses. Traders should carefully assess their risk tolerance and employ risk management strategies, such as setting stop-loss orders and diversifying their portfolios.

Deciding Between Options and Futures Trading

Ultimately, the decision between options and futures trading will depend on an individual’s risk profile , investment goals, and market outlook. Here are a few factors to consider when deciding which approach is best for you:

Risk tolerance

Both options and futures trading involve significant risks. Options are better for those with lower risk tolerance since losses are limited to the premium paid, while futures are suited for traders who can handle larger risks due to the potential for greater gains (and losses) from leverage.

Investment goals

What do you want to achieve through trading? Are you looking for short-term gains or long-term growth? Options suit shorter-term investments, while futures are better for hedging against long-term market trends.

Market outlook

Both options and futures can speculate on the direction of assets, but they suit different market conditions. Options may be more beneficial in volatile markets with large price swings, while futures are often better for stable markets with gradual price changes.

In conclusion, options and futures trading offer unique opportunities for traders to speculate on the direction of various assets. Both approaches involve significant risks, but also potential rewards with proper risk management strategies.

It’s important to carefully consider your risk tolerance, investment goals, and market outlook when deciding between options and futures trading. Ultimately, the best approach will depend on your individual preferences and comfort level with different types of investments.

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• Futures Standard + (per contract)
• Desktop App
• Annual IRA Fee Waived The $30/yr annual IRA fee for brokerage accounts is waived with a Pro or Pro Plus plan. A Futures IRA account will be subject to an annual IRA fee based on the custodian you choose. These fees can vary.
• Assignment/Exercise Fee
• Stocks (per trade) $0.35
• Equity & ETF Options (per contract) $0.35
• Index Options* (per contract) $0.35
• Assignment/Exercise Fee $9.00
• Stocks (per trade) $0.00
• Equity & ETF Options (per contract) $0.00
• Futures Micros + (per contract) $0.75
• Futures E-minis + (per contract) $1.50
• Futures Standard + (per contract) $1.50
• Index Options* (per contract) $0.10
• Futures Micros + (per contract) $0.35
• Futures E-minis + (per contract) $0.75
• Futures Standard + (per contract) $0.75
• Assignment/Exercise Fee $5.00

+ NFA, Exchange, Regulatory and a clearing fee of $0.35 per contract

* Single Listed Index Options are subject to a $0.35/contract commission in the Pro Plan and $0.10/contract in the Pro Plus plan, in addition to any other charges for exchange, clearing, and regulatory fees. See Fee Schedule for more details.

Frequently Asked Questions

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• Under "Withdraw" on the left menu, choose Wire
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Common Account Fees

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Less Common Fees

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Individuals

• Questrade Basics
• Introduction to options trading

Options FAQ

Lesson Introduction to options trading

Get answers to some of the common questions about options trading.

Click a link to skip to a specific question:

What happens to my long option on the expiration date?

• What happens to my short options on the expiration date?

When should I use an expire worthless request?

Why was my put option sold on the expiration date in my registered account.

• Why did my "in-the-money" option expire worthless?
• What are the unique risks of trading spreads on the expiration day?

Why did Questrade liquidate my out-of-the-money option positions?

Why did my order to open a same day expiring short option get rejected after 2 pm et, what is the processing fee if my option gets exercised or assigned.

• When will I know if I've been assigned/exercised on my expiring position?

What if the underlying stock for my option is halted on expiration day?

What happens if i enter a short position as a result of exercise/assignment.

Long option positions held at expiration that are “in the money” by $0.01 or more, are automatically exercised by the relevant clearing corporation*. “Out of the money” options automatically expire worthless . If you hold a long call or put option contract that is at risk of being “in the money”, you must take one of the following action s on the option’s expiration date:

• Ensure you have sufficient buying power or the required underlying equity position to afford the automatic exercise
• Sell-to-close (STC) the position by 2 pm ET on the expiration date**

If your option is at risk of being “in-the-money” on the expiration date, please make sure to take one of the above actions. Otherwise, we may (without notice) liquidate these options on your behalf after 2 pm EST on the expiration date. This action has a $45 service fee attached to it in addition to the regular commissions. If we are unable to liquidate your long “in-the-money” option contracts by market close, your options will automatically exercise, and you will be responsible for the securities bought or borrowed as a result. You also assume any market risks associated with these securities and your account may enter a margin call or debit balance as a result.

For example : If you have a call option automatically exercised on a Friday, shares will be purchased at the strike price, and by the next business day (Monday), the market price of the shares could fluctuate.

In addition, if you have insufficient buying power for automatic exercise, we reserve the right to prevent your “in-the-money” options from being automatically exercised. If your “in-the-money” options are not exercised, any closing value(s) will be lost. That’s why it's important you take action on your own on the expiration date.

*Note : “In-the-money” options may not be automatically exercised on expiration date if the CDCC or OCC excludes them due to a corporate action or when trading of the underlying security is halted. Refer to question 11 for more details

**Note : For options expiring on shortened trading days, please take action 2 hours prior to market close. For example, if the market is closing at 1 p.m. ET, please take action by 11 a.m. ET on the expiration date.

What happens to my short option on the expiration date?

If you are holding a short call or put option contract and it is at risk of being assigned (on the expiration date), you must meet one of the following conditions:

• Make sure to have sufficient buying power or the required underlying equity position available in your account to afford the assignment
• Buy-to-close (BTC) the position by 2 pm ET on the expiration date**

If your option is at risk of assignment on the expiration date, please make sure to take action .

Otherwise, we may (without notice) liquidate (buy-to-close) any option contracts exposed to assignment at any time after 2 p.m. ET on the expiration date. This action has a $45 service fee attached to it in addition to the regular commissions.

If we are unable to close all affected contracts by market close, and your options are assigned, you will be responsible to pay for the securities bought or borrowed as a result of the assignment and your account may enter a margin call or debit balance as a result.

You also assume any market risk associated with those securities.

Please note that short call & put options can be assigned at any time (even if they are out-of-the money) .

**Note: For options expiring on shortened trading days, please take action 2 hours prior to market close. For example, if the market is closing at 1 p.m. ET, please take action by 11 a.m. ET on the expiration date.

Long options that are “out-of-the-money” at market close on expiration day will automatically expire worthless. You do not need to enter an “expire worthless” request in this scenario.

If you are unable to sell your long option position and wish to ensure it does not automatically exercise if it becomes “in-the-money”, you can submit a request to have your option expire worthless.

“Expire worthless” requests must be submitted before 2 pm ET on the expiration date. To submit your request please log into myQuestrade and follow the below steps:

Requests → Exercise an option → Action → Expire worthless

Questrade reserves the right to liquidate your option even if you have already submitted an “expire worthless” request, especially if the option is part of a strategy.

Exercising an in-the-money put option will result in selling the underlying shares (typically 100 shares per contact) as part of the process.

If you don’t own the underlying stock (married put), when the option contracts get exercised, it would result in you having a short position (at the strike price).

Since the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) prohibits short-selling in registered accounts, we may choose to either sell the put option position or expire it worthless.

However, if you own a married put (long put option and the underlying shares) then your shares will automatically sell at the strike price (as long as your put option is in-the-money on the expiration date).

Why did my "in-the-money" option expire worthless?

We reserve the right to to prevent your in-the-money long call/put options from being automatically exercised.

For example: If you have a long in-the-money put option in a registered account on the expiration date, it will require you to enter a short position. Since the Canada Revenue Agency prohibits short-selling in registered accounts, we may prevent you from doing it.

We may also choose to expire a long in-the-money option (call/put) worthless if you do not have sufficient buying power to exercise the option.

If we expire your option worthless, any closing value of the option will be lost.

What are the unique risks of trading spreads on expiration day?

Option spread strategies include trading long & short options of the same underlying securities and expiration dates (but different strike prices).

In a scenario where only one of the legs is “in-the-money” on expiration day, there is a possibility of having an unhedged (unprotected) position in your account.

Questrade may take action to close one or more legs to prevent an unprotected position from occurring.

To better understand this concept, please refer to the example below:

Vertical call credit spread

• Short: 3 DIS 15May20 C109.00
• Long: 3 DIS 15May20 C114.00

Maximum loss if both legs are in-the-money at expiration: (DIS closes above $114)  difference between strike prices * number of contracts * 100 (option multiplier). ($114 - $109) * 3 * 100 = $1,500 USD

If on the expiration date, DIS closed at $110 (between the strike prices of long and short options), then the long option would be out-of-the-money and will expire worthless and the short leg will end up in-the-money and may get assigned.

Here is the margin required for assignment:

DIS margin requirement (MR) = 30% Required margin for assignment : Strike price * number of contracts * underlying MR * number of shares per contract. $109 * 3 * 30% * 100 = $9,810 USD

In this case, the combined USD buying power in your account should be at least $9,810 USD. If your buying power is less than that, Questrade may choose to close the option leg or entire option strategy to mitigate the assignment risk.

Just because a short option closes out of the money, does not mean it won’t be assigned. Short options can be assigned whether they are in or out of the money and a post market move on the underlying may increase the chances of a short option being assigned even though the underlying closed OTM. 

Note: If we are unable to liquidate your option position(s) by market close, your option(s) may be automatically exercised or assigned and you will be responsible for the securities bought or borrowed as a result. You also assume any market risks associated with these securities

We take into consideration the potential automatic exercise or assignment risks.

Although the option may have been out of the money at the time of liquidation, market volatility can cause a position to go into the money at any time.

This is especially important for short options, where the option can be assigned even if it is out of the money.

After 2 pm ET on the option's expiration day, orders to open any short option position will require naked option permissions and buying power. This applies to any short option, even if it is part of an option strategy. This is done to mitigate potential risks associated with option assignment.

If you are attempting to open a covered call after 2 pm ET on a same day expiring option, you can contact our trade desk at 1-866-980-9590.

The fee is $24.95 per option position that is exercised or assigned.

For more information, please visit our fees page .

When will I know if I've been assigned/exercised on my expiring option?

Your positions will be updated the next business day on the trading platform.

For example: If your option gets assigned/exercised on Friday, you will be able to see it reflected on your trading platform on Monday typically prior to 7:30 A.M. EST (if not a holiday). The account activity page will also show any exercise/assignment in your account. You will be able to see the updates on your account activity page on Tuesday.

To review your Account activity page please follow the steps below:

Log in → Reports → Account activity

“In-the-money” options may not be automatically exercised on expiration date if the CDCC or OCC excludes them due to a corporate action or when trading of the underlying security is halted.

If this is the case, to ensure your in-the-money options are exercised, inform us of your intention to exercise them on the expiration date by submitting a request in the Questrade customer portal or by contacting us .

In this scenario, if you don’t make an explicit request to exercise, your in the money option may expire worthless.

If you enter a short position as a result of an option exercise or assignment, depending on the security, we may begin charging you daily borrow fees.

You can view borrow fees directly from your trading platform.

Note:  The information in this blog is for educational purposes only and should not be used or construed as financial or investment advice by any individual. Information obtained from third parties is believed to be reliable, but no representations or warranty, expressed or implied, is made by Questrade, Inc., its affiliates or any other person to its accuracy.

Related lessons

Want to dive deeper?

Advanced options trading

Get a comprehensive introduction to options trading strategies, and how options levels work.

Learn about using a non-registered account and important information when leveraging it for your investments.

Investing foundations

Understand the fundamentals and major concepts in investing to help you build a solid investing foundation.

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Options Assignment Fee

Say that I sold covered calls against an existing position which ended up being in the money by the time of expiry. They will be automatically exercised by the end of the day and I would get charged the $24.95 option assignment fee.

I was charged $24.95 multiple times for multiple assignments even though said assignments occurred on the same day; however, I can understand that it may have been that case due to different strike prices and days to expiry.

However, if the calls had the same strike price and days to expiry, will I get charged $24.95 for each automatic option assignment, even if they may potentially be owned by separate owners?

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