role of introduction in research paper

How to Write a Research Paper Introduction (with Examples)

How to Write a Research Paper Introduction (with Examples)

Table of Contents

The research paper introduction section, along with the Title and Abstract, can be considered the face of any research paper. The following article is intended to guide you in organizing and writing the research paper introduction for a quality academic article or dissertation.

The research paper introduction aims to present the topic to the reader. A study will only be accepted for publishing if you can ascertain that the available literature cannot answer your research question. So it is important to ensure that you have read important studies on that particular topic, especially those within the last five to ten years, and that they are properly referenced in this section. 1

What should be included in the research paper introduction is decided by what you want to tell readers about the reason behind the research and how you plan to fill the knowledge gap. The best research paper introduction provides a systemic review of existing work and demonstrates additional work that needs to be done. It needs to be brief, captivating, and well-referenced; a well-drafted research paper introduction will help the researcher win half the battle.

The introduction for a research paper is where you set up your topic and approach for the reader. It has several key goals:

  • Present your research topic
  • Capture reader interest
  • Summarize existing research
  • Position your own approach
  • Define your specific research problem and problem statement
  • Highlight the novelty and contributions of the study
  • Give an overview of the paper’s structure

The research paper introduction can vary in size and structure depending on whether your paper presents the results of original empirical research or is a review paper. Some research paper introduction examples are only half a page while others are a few pages long. In many cases, the introduction will be shorter than all of the other sections of your paper; its length depends on the size of your paper as a whole.

What is the introduction for a research paper?

The introduction in a research paper is placed at the beginning to guide the reader from a broad subject area to the specific topic that your research addresses. They present the following information to the reader

  • Scope: The topic covered in the research paper
  • Context: Background of your topic
  • Importance: Why your research matters in that particular area of research and the industry problem that can be targeted

Why is the introduction important in a research paper?

The research paper introduction conveys a lot of information and can be considered an essential roadmap for the rest of your paper. A good introduction for a research paper is important for the following reasons:

  • It stimulates your reader’s interest: A good introduction section can make your readers want to read your paper by capturing their interest. It informs the reader what they are going to learn and helps determine if the topic is of interest to them.
  • It helps the reader understand the research background: Without a clear introduction, your readers may feel confused and even struggle when reading your paper. A good research paper introduction will prepare them for the in-depth research to come. It provides you the opportunity to engage with the readers and demonstrate your knowledge and authority on the specific topic.
  • It explains why your research paper is worth reading: Your introduction can convey a lot of information to your readers. It introduces the topic, why the topic is important, and how you plan to proceed with your research.
  • It helps guide the reader through the rest of the paper: The research paper introduction gives the reader a sense of the nature of the information that will support your arguments and the general organization of the paragraphs that will follow.

What are the parts of introduction in the research?

A good research paper introduction section should comprise three main elements: 2

  • What is known: This sets the stage for your research. It informs the readers of what is known on the subject.
  • What is lacking: This is aimed at justifying the reason for carrying out your research. This could involve investigating a new concept or method or building upon previous research.
  • What you aim to do: This part briefly states the objectives of your research and its major contributions. Your detailed hypothesis will also form a part of this section.

Check out how Peace Alemede uses Paperpal to write her research paper

role of introduction in research paper

Peace Alemede, Student, University of Ilorin

Paperpal has been an excellent and beneficial tool for editing my research work. With the help of Paperpal, I am now able to write and produce results at a much faster rate. For instance, I recently used Paperpal to edit a research article that is currently being considered for publication. The tool allowed me to align the language of my paragraph ideas to a more academic setting, thereby saving me both time and resources. As a result, my work was deemed accurate for use. I highly recommend this tool to anyone in need of efficient and effective research paper editing. Peace Alemede, Student, University of Ilorin, Nigeria

Start Writing for Free

How to write a research paper introduction?

The first step in writing the research paper introduction is to inform the reader what your topic is and why it’s interesting or important. This is generally accomplished with a strong opening statement. The second step involves establishing the kinds of research that have been done and ending with limitations or gaps in the research that you intend to address.

Finally, the research paper introduction clarifies how your own research fits in and what problem it addresses. If your research involved testing hypotheses, these should be stated along with your research question. The hypothesis should be presented in the past tense since it will have been tested by the time you are writing the research paper introduction.

The following key points, with examples, can guide you when writing the research paper introduction section:

1. Introduce the research topic:

  • Highlight the importance of the research field or topic
  • Describe the background of the topic
  • Present an overview of current research on the topic

Example: The inclusion of experiential and competency-based learning has benefitted electronics engineering education. Industry partnerships provide an excellent alternative for students wanting to engage in solving real-world challenges. Industry-academia participation has grown in recent years due to the need for skilled engineers with practical training and specialized expertise. However, from the educational perspective, many activities are needed to incorporate sustainable development goals into the university curricula and consolidate learning innovation in universities.

2. Determine a research niche:

  • Reveal a gap in existing research or oppose an existing assumption
  • Formulate the research question

Example: There have been plausible efforts to integrate educational activities in higher education electronics engineering programs. However, very few studies have considered using educational research methods for performance evaluation of competency-based higher engineering education, with a focus on technical and or transversal skills. To remedy the current need for evaluating competencies in STEM fields and providing sustainable development goals in engineering education, in this study, a comparison was drawn between study groups without and with industry partners.

3. Place your research within the research niche:

  • State the purpose of your study
  • Highlight the key characteristics of your study
  • Describe important results
  • Highlight the novelty of the study.
  • Offer a brief overview of the structure of the paper.

Example: The study evaluates the main competency needed in the applied electronics course, which is a fundamental core subject for many electronics engineering undergraduate programs. We compared two groups, without and with an industrial partner, that offered real-world projects to solve during the semester. This comparison can help determine significant differences in both groups in terms of developing subject competency and achieving sustainable development goals.

Write a Research Paper Introduction in Minutes with Paperpal

Paperpal is a generative AI-powered academic writing assistant. It’s trained on millions of published scholarly articles and over 20 years of STM experience. Paperpal helps authors write better and faster with:

  • Real-time writing suggestions
  • In-depth checks for language and grammar correction
  • Paraphrasing to add variety, ensure academic tone, and trim text to meet journal limits

With Paperpal, create a research paper introduction effortlessly. In this step-by-step guide, we’ll walk you through how Paperpal transforms your initial ideas into a polished and publication-ready introduction.

role of introduction in research paper

How to use Paperpal to write the Introduction section

Step 1: Sign up on Paperpal and click on the Copilot feature, under this choose Outlines > Research Article > Introduction

Step 2: Add your unstructured notes or initial draft, whether in English or another language, to Paperpal, which is to be used as the base for your content.

Step 3: Fill in the specifics, such as your field of study, brief description or details you want to include, which will help the AI generate the outline for your Introduction.

Step 4: Use this outline and sentence suggestions to develop your content, adding citations where needed and modifying it to align with your specific research focus.

Step 5: Turn to Paperpal’s granular language checks to refine your content, tailor it to reflect your personal writing style, and ensure it effectively conveys your message.

You can use the same process to develop each section of your article, and finally your research paper in half the time and without any of the stress.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the purpose of the introduction in research papers.

The purpose of the research paper introduction is to introduce the reader to the problem definition, justify the need for the study, and describe the main theme of the study. The aim is to gain the reader’s attention by providing them with necessary background information and establishing the main purpose and direction of the research.

How long should the research paper introduction be?

The length of the research paper introduction can vary across journals and disciplines. While there are no strict word limits for writing the research paper introduction, an ideal length would be one page, with a maximum of 400 words over 1-4 paragraphs. Generally, it is one of the shorter sections of the paper as the reader is assumed to have at least a reasonable knowledge about the topic. 2

For example, for a study evaluating the role of building design in ensuring fire safety, there is no need to discuss definitions and nature of fire in the introduction; you could start by commenting upon the existing practices for fire safety and how your study will add to the existing knowledge and practice.

What should be included in the research paper introduction?

When deciding what to include in the research paper introduction, the rest of the paper should also be considered. The aim is to introduce the reader smoothly to the topic and facilitate an easy read without much dependency on external sources. 3

Below is a list of elements you can include to prepare a research paper introduction outline and follow it when you are writing the research paper introduction.

  • Topic introduction: This can include key definitions and a brief history of the topic.
  • Research context and background: Offer the readers some general information and then narrow it down to specific aspects.
  • Details of the research you conducted: A brief literature review can be included to support your arguments or line of thought.
  • Rationale for the study: This establishes the relevance of your study and establishes its importance.
  • Importance of your research: The main contributions are highlighted to help establish the novelty of your study
  • Research hypothesis: Introduce your research question and propose an expected outcome. Organization of the paper: Include a short paragraph of 3-4 sentences that highlights your plan for the entire paper

Should I include citations in the introduction for a research paper?

Cite only works that are most relevant to your topic; as a general rule, you can include one to three. Note that readers want to see evidence of original thinking. So it is better to avoid using too many references as it does not leave much room for your personal standpoint to shine through.

Citations in your research paper introduction support the key points, and the number of citations depend on the subject matter and the point discussed. If the research paper introduction is too long or overflowing with citations, it is better to cite a few review articles rather than the individual articles summarized in the review.

A good point to remember when citing research papers in the introduction section is to include at least one-third of the references in the introduction.

Should I provide a literature review in the research paper introduction?

The literature review plays a significant role in the research paper introduction section. A good literature review accomplishes the following:

  • Introduces the topic
  • Establishes the study’s significance
  • Provides an overview of the relevant literature
  • Provides context for the study using literature
  • Identifies knowledge gaps

However, remember to avoid making the following mistakes when writing a research paper introduction:

  • Do not use studies from the literature review to aggressively support your research
  • Avoid direct quoting
  • Do not allow literature review to be the focus of this section. Instead, the literature review should only aid in setting a foundation for the manuscript. 

Key points to remember

Remember the following key points for writing a good research paper introduction: 4

  • Avoid stuffing too much general information: Avoid including what an average reader would know and include only that information related to the problem being addressed in the research paper introduction. For example, when describing a comparative study of non-traditional methods for mechanical design optimization, information related to the traditional methods and differences between traditional and non-traditional methods would not be relevant. In this case, the introduction for the research paper should begin with the state-of-the-art non-traditional methods and methods to evaluate the efficiency of newly developed algorithms.
  • Avoid packing too many references: Cite only the required works in your research paper introduction. The other works can be included in the discussion section to strengthen your findings.
  • Avoid extensive criticism of previous studies: Avoid being overly critical of earlier studies while setting the rationale for your study. A better place for this would be the Discussion section, where you can highlight the advantages of your method.
  • Avoid describing conclusions of the study: When writing a research paper introduction remember not to include the findings of your study. The aim is to let the readers know what question is being answered. The actual answer should only be given in the Results and Discussion section.

To summarize, the research paper introduction section should be brief yet informative. It should convince the reader the need to conduct the study and motivate him to read further. If you’re feeling stuck or unsure, choose trusted AI academic writing assistants like Paperpal to effortlessly craft your research paper introduction and other sections of your research article.

  • Jawaid, S. A., & Jawaid, M. (2019). How to write introduction and discussion. Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia, 13(Suppl 1), S18.
  • Dewan, P., & Gupta, P. (2016). Writing the title, abstract and introduction: Looks matter!. Indian pediatrics, 53, 235-241.
  • Cetin, S., & Hackam, D. J. (2005). An approach to the writing of a scientific Manuscript1. Journal of Surgical Research, 128(2), 165-167.
  • Bavdekar, S. B. (2015). Writing introduction: Laying the foundations of a research paper. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 63(7), 44-6.

Paperpal is a comprehensive AI writing toolkit that helps students and researchers achieve 2x the writing in half the time. It leverages 21+ years of STM experience and insights from millions of research articles to provide in-depth academic writing, language editing, and submission readiness support to help you write better, faster.  

Get accurate academic translations, rewriting support, grammar checks, vocabulary suggestions, and generative AI assistance that delivers human precision at machine speed. Try for free or upgrade to Paperpal Prime starting at US$19 a month to access premium features, including consistency, plagiarism, and 30+ submission readiness checks to help you succeed.  

Experience the future of academic writing – Sign up to Paperpal and start writing for free!  

Related Reads:

  • 5 Reasons for Rejection After Peer Review
  • Ethical Research Practices For Research with Human Subjects
  • 8 Most Effective Ways to Increase Motivation for Thesis Writing 
  • 6 Tips for Post-Doc Researchers to Take Their Career to the Next Level

Practice vs. Practise: Learn the Difference

Academic paraphrasing: why paperpal’s rewrite should be your first choice , you may also like, how to write a case study in research..., online ai writing tools: cost-efficient help for dissertation..., how to cite in apa format (7th edition):..., how to write your research paper in apa..., how to choose a dissertation topic, how to write a phd research proposal, how to write an academic paragraph (step-by-step guide), research funding basics: what should a grant proposal..., how to write an abstract in research papers..., how to write dissertation acknowledgements.

  • Privacy Policy

Research Method

Home » Research Paper Introduction – Writing Guide and Examples

Research Paper Introduction – Writing Guide and Examples

Table of Contents

Research Paper Introduction

Research Paper Introduction

The introduction of a research paper serves as the first impression and sets the stage for the rest of the study. It provides background information, introduces the research topic, establishes the purpose of the paper, and guides readers toward the research question or thesis statement. A well-crafted introduction helps readers understand the significance of the study and its broader context, making them eager to read further.

Purpose of a Research Paper Introduction

The main purpose of a research paper introduction is to:

  • Present the Research Topic : Define the scope and relevance of the topic.
  • Provide Background Information : Offer a brief overview of existing research, theories, or key concepts.
  • State the Research Problem : Explain the issue or gap in the literature that the study addresses.
  • Highlight the Study’s Significance : Convey why the research matters and its potential impact.
  • Outline the Research Objectives or Questions : Indicate the specific goals or questions guiding the study.
  • Conclude with a Thesis Statement : Summarize the main argument or position the paper will take.

Example : For a research paper on the effects of remote work on employee productivity, the introduction could outline the growing popularity of remote work, discuss previous findings on productivity in traditional office settings, and present a research question exploring the impact of remote work environments.

Key Elements of a Research Paper Introduction

To write an effective introduction, include the following elements:

1. Opening Hook

The opening hook is a compelling sentence that captures the reader’s attention. It could be an interesting fact, statistic, anecdote, or quote that draws readers into the topic.

Example : “In 2020, over 42% of the U.S. workforce transitioned to remote work, a shift that redefined traditional notions of productivity and work-life balance.”

2. Background Information

Provide context by discussing the topic, relevant concepts, and any key studies. This section should briefly address what is already known about the topic and why it matters, setting the stage for your research problem.

Example : “Remote work has been a growing trend in the modern workplace, with numerous studies examining its effects on employee satisfaction, work-life balance, and overall productivity.”

3. Research Problem or Gap

Identify the specific research problem or gap that the study addresses. Highlighting this gap shows readers what remains unexplored or unresolved within the topic.

Example : “While previous research has focused on remote work’s impact on job satisfaction, little is known about how it directly influences productivity metrics compared to traditional office settings.”

4. Purpose and Significance of the Study

Explain why the research is important and how it contributes to existing knowledge. State the potential benefits, applications, or implications of your findings.

Example : “Understanding how remote work impacts productivity can help businesses develop strategies to optimize employee performance in virtual environments.”

5. Research Objectives or Questions

Specify the objectives or main research questions guiding the study. These should be concise and directly related to the research problem.

Example : “This study aims to investigate how remote work environments affect productivity and whether these effects vary across different industries.”

6. Thesis Statement or Hypothesis

Conclude the introduction with a clear thesis statement or hypothesis that reflects the study’s main argument or anticipated findings.

Example : “The paper hypothesizes that remote work positively affects productivity levels among employees, particularly in technology-driven fields.”

Step-by-Step Guide to Writing a Research Paper Introduction

Step 1: start with a hook.

Begin your introduction with a hook that captures the reader’s attention. Use a surprising fact, an intriguing statistic, or a thought-provoking question to set the tone.

Example : “As digital technologies continue to evolve, remote work has become more accessible, transforming the traditional office into a virtual workspace.”

Step 2: Provide Background Information

Build on the hook by offering essential context for the topic. Discuss the main concepts, relevant literature, or trends, and introduce any foundational theories or studies that relate to your research.

Example : “Over the past decade, remote work has become an increasingly popular option, driven by advancements in communication technologies and shifts in work culture.”

Step 3: Define the Research Problem or Gap

Clearly state the research problem, emphasizing the specific gap in the existing literature that your study addresses. This step is critical for justifying your study’s relevance.

Example : “Despite extensive research on employee productivity, few studies have examined the impact of remote work environments compared to traditional office settings.”

Step 4: Explain the Study’s Significance

Describe why the study is important and its potential contributions to the field. Explain how it will advance understanding or provide insights that can inform policy, practice, or further research.

Example : “Understanding productivity in remote work environments is essential for companies that seek to optimize performance in a changing work landscape.”

Step 5: Outline the Research Objectives or Questions

List the main objectives or research questions that the study seeks to address. These should be directly related to the research problem and specify the study’s focus.

Example : “This paper investigates how remote work affects employee productivity and identifies factors that may influence performance in virtual settings.”

Step 6: End with a Thesis Statement or Hypothesis

Wrap up the introduction with a clear thesis statement or hypothesis that provides a concise summary of the paper’s main argument or expected findings.

Example : “The study hypothesizes that remote work environments enhance productivity due to reduced commute times, flexible schedules, and a more personalized workspace.”

Examples of Research Paper Introductions

Example 1: social media and mental health.

Hook : “With over 3.6 billion people using social media globally, digital interactions are now a significant part of everyday life.”

Background : “While social media platforms provide opportunities for connection, recent studies suggest that excessive use may have negative implications for mental health, particularly among young adults.”

Research Problem : “Despite the prevalence of social media, its impact on mental health remains underexplored, especially concerning anxiety and self-esteem.”

Purpose and Significance : “By examining the relationship between social media use and mental well-being, this study aims to provide insights that can inform healthier digital habits.”

Research Question : “What is the relationship between social media use and levels of anxiety and self-esteem among young adults?”

Thesis Statement : “This paper posits that excessive social media use is associated with higher levels of anxiety and lower self-esteem.”

Example 2: Renewable Energy Adoption

Hook : “As the world grapples with climate change, renewable energy sources offer a sustainable solution for reducing carbon emissions.”

Background : “The shift toward renewable energy has accelerated in recent years, with solar, wind, and hydroelectric power accounting for a growing share of global energy production.”

Research Problem : “However, the adoption of renewable energy varies significantly between developed and developing countries, and factors influencing this disparity are not fully understood.”

Purpose and Significance : “This study examines the barriers to renewable energy adoption in developing countries, identifying key economic, social, and policy challenges.”

Research Question : “What are the primary barriers to renewable energy adoption in developing nations, and how can these be addressed?”

Thesis Statement : “The paper argues that economic constraints and lack of supportive policies are the main obstacles to renewable energy adoption in developing countries.”

Tips for Writing an Effective Research Paper Introduction

  • Be Clear and Concise : Avoid unnecessary details. Stick to key points that introduce the topic and set up your study.
  • Engage the Reader : Use an interesting hook or fact to draw the reader in and make them curious about your research.
  • Provide Relevant Background : Offer just enough context to help readers understand the topic without overwhelming them.
  • State the Research Problem : Clearly articulate the issue or gap that your research addresses, as this helps justify the study.
  • Write a Strong Thesis Statement : Ensure your thesis statement or hypothesis clearly reflects the main objective of the study.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

  • Being Too Vague : Avoid general statements that lack specificity. Clearly define your topic and research problem.
  • Providing Too Much Detail : Keep background information brief and to the point; avoid including data or analysis in the introduction.
  • Forgetting the Research Problem : Make sure to state the research problem or gap, as it helps readers understand the study’s purpose.
  • Weak Thesis Statement : Avoid vague or broad thesis statements. A strong thesis provides a clear direction for the study.

A well-structured introduction is essential for capturing the reader’s attention and setting up the foundation of a research paper. By including a compelling hook, relevant background, a defined research problem, clear objectives, and a concise thesis statement, you can craft an effective introduction that guides readers into your study. Remember to maintain clarity, stay focused, and emphasize the significance of your research.

  • Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
  • Swales, J. M., & Feak, C. B. (2012). Academic Writing for Graduate Students: Essential Tasks and Skills (3rd ed.). University of Michigan Press.
  • Silvia, P. J. (2007). How to Write a Lot: A Practical Guide to Productive Academic Writing . American Psychological Association.
  • Swales, J., & Feak, C. B. (2000). English in Today’s Research World: A Writing Guide . University of Michigan Press.
  • Booth, W. C., Colomb, G. G., & Williams, J. M. (2008). The Craft of Research (3rd ed.). University of Chicago Press.

About the author

' src=

Muhammad Hassan

Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer

You may also like

Research Results

Research Results Section – Writing Guide and...

Ethical Considerations

Ethical Considerations – Types, Examples and...

Research Methodology

Research Methodology – Types, Examples and...

Research Paper Outline

Research Paper Outline – Types, Example, Template

Research Paper Citation

How to Cite Research Paper – All Formats and...

Research Paper Formats

Research Paper Format – Types, Examples and...

The Match Guy Logo An image of The Match Guy logo, representing the brand dedicated to helping medical students and doctors secure residency positions in the United States.

Research Blog

How to write a research paper introduction (with examples).

role of introduction in research paper

I hope you enjoy reading this blog post.

If you would like to learn more about research, check out this  Research Course .

Welcome to our comprehensive guide on crafting the perfect introduction for your research paper. In this blog, we’ll explore the crucial elements of a strong introduction, highlight common pitfalls to avoid, and provide practical tips to effectively set the stage for your study’s objectives and significance. 

Table of Contents

Lack of a clear thesis statement, lack of clear objectives and scope, failure to establish the research significance, insufficient background information, inadequate literature review, ignoring the research gap, overly technical language, poor organization and flow, neglecting the audience, the importance of a good introduction.

A strong introduction sets the tone for the entire paper, guiding the reader through the research journey. It provides context, establishes relevance, and ensures the reader understands the importance of the study.

Starting a research project is exciting, but getting the introduction right is key. It’s like opening the door to your study and inviting readers in. However, there are some common missteps that can trip you up along the way.

Find the U.S. Research Position of your dreams!

Common mistakes to avoid.

A thesis statement is the central argument or claim that guides the entire research paper. It is a concise summary of the main point or claim of the paper and is typically found at the end of the introduction. A clear thesis statement helps to focus the research, provide direction, and inform the reader of the paper’s purpose. Expert reviewers may even skip the rest of the introduction (as they are well versed in the topic) and focus only on your thesis statement, so it’s vital to make sure it is perfect!

When a research introduction lacks a clear thesis statement, several issues can arise:

  • Ambiguity : Without a clear thesis, the reader may be confused about the paper’s purpose and the main argument. Do not talk in vague terms. Whenever possible, use terminology established in recent literature. Narrow down the key aspects of the association that you are investigating (the study sample, the outcome and predictor measures) as much as possible.
  • Lack of Focus : The paper can become unfocused and meander through unrelated topics, making it difficult for the reader to follow the argument. Do not try to have more than 1-2 main aims in a paper. Even if you have done supplementary analysis, it is better to say so in the discussion. As a rule of thumb, try to answer one major question only!
  • Weak Argumentation : A well-defined thesis provides a strong foundation for building arguments. Without it, the arguments may appear weak and unsupported.

Let's be more practical:

1- In this paper, I will discuss climate change.

  • Problem: This statement is too broad and vague. It does not provide a clear direction or specific argument.

2- This paper argues that climate change, measured by global average temperature change, is primarily driven by human activities, such as deforestation and the burning of fossil fuels, and proposes policy measures to mitigate its impact.(1)

  • Strengths: – Specificity : It clearly states that the paper will focus on human activities as the main drivers of climate change. – Argument : It presents a specific claim that the paper will argue. – Direction : It hints at the structure of the paper by mentioning policy measures.

If you would like to learn more about introductions and other aspects of clinical research, check out the Medical Research Course from the Match Guy here .

Powerful Tips:

  • Be Specific : Clearly define the main argument or claim. Avoid vague or broad statements.
  • Be Concise : Keep the thesis statement concise, ideally one to two sentences.
  • Provide Direction : Indicate the structure of the paper by hinting at the main points that will be discussed.
  • Revise as Needed : Be prepared to revise the thesis statement as your research progresses and your understanding deepens.

Transform research ideas into published papers!

A clear statement of objectives and scope is crucial in a research paper introduction because it outlines what the study aims to achieve and defines the boundaries within which the research will be conducted.

Example of Lacking Clear Objectives and Scope: This paper examines the impacts of climate change on agriculture.

  • Problem : This statement is too broad and vague. It does not specify what aspects of climate change or agriculture will be studied, nor does it define the geographical or temporal scope.

Example with Clear Objectives and Scope: This study aims to investigate the effects of rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns on crop yields in the Midwest United States from 2000 to 2010. The objectives are to (1) assess the impact of temperature changes on corn and soybean yields, (2) analyze how variations in precipitation affect crop growth, and (3) identify adaptive strategies employed by farmers in the region.(2)

Powerful tips:

  • Be Specific : Clearly state what the study aims to achieve and avoid vague or broad statements.
  • Identify Key Areas : Outline the main areas or aspects that the research will focus on.
  • Set Boundaries : Define the geographical, temporal, and conceptual boundaries of the research.
  • List Objectives : Clearly articulate specific research objectives or questions that the study will address.
  • Stay Realistic : Ensure that the objectives and scope are achievable within the constraints of the research project.
  • Make it flow : Make sure you are not repeating the same concepts as the thesis statement, as these two sections are often presented back-to-back in the final paragraph of the introduction! Remember: the thesis statement is your hypothesis or question, and your objectives are ‘how’ you are going to test your thesis.

Master medical statistics and boost your productivity!

This mistake can result in the research appearing trivial or irrelevant, diminishing its potential impact. When the significance of the research is not well-established, readers may struggle to understand the value of the study and why they should care about it.

Example of Failure to Establish Research Significance: This study investigates the effects of social media usage on sleep patterns among teenagers.

  • Problem : The significance of studying social media’s impact on sleep patterns is not explained. The reader may wonder why this research is important or what implications it has.

Example with Established Research Significance: This study investigates the effects of social media usage on sleep patterns among teenagers. Understanding this relationship is crucial because insufficient sleep is linked to numerous health issues, including decreased academic performance, heightened stress levels, and increased risk of mental health problems. With the pervasive use of social media among adolescents, identifying how it impacts sleep can inform strategies for promoting healthier habits and improving overall well-being in this vulnerable age group.(3)

  • Link to Broader Issues : Connect the research topic to broader issues or trends that highlight its relevance and importance.
  • Explain Practical Implications : Discuss the potential practical applications or benefits of the research findings.
  • Address Gaps in Knowledge : Identify gaps in the existing literature that the research aims to fill.
  • Highlight Potential Impact : Emphasize the potential impact of the research on the field, society, or specific populations.
  • Use Concrete Examples : Provide concrete examples or scenarios to illustrate the significance of the research.

Feeling swamped by the complexities of Systematic Reviews?

Insufficient background information in the introduction of a research paper refers to failing to provide enough context for the reader to understand the research problem and its significance. Background information sets the stage for the research by offering necessary details about the topic, relevant theories, previous studies, and key terms.

This may lead to:

  • Reader Confusion : Without adequate context, readers may struggle to understand the research question, its importance, and how it fits into the broader field of study.
  • Weak Justification : Insufficient background can undermine the rationale for the research, making it difficult to justify why the study is necessary or valuable.
  • Misinterpretation : Lack of context can lead to misinterpretation of the research objectives, methods, and findings.

Example of Insufficient Background Information: In recent years, many researchers have studied the effects of social media on teenagers. This paper explores the relationship between social media use and anxiety among teenagers.

  • Problem : This introduction lacks specific details about the previous research, the theoretical framework, and key terms. It does not provide enough context for the reader to understand why the study is important.

Example of Adequate Background Information: Social media platforms have become an integral part of teenagers’ daily lives, with studies showing that 95% of teens have access to a smartphone and 45% are online almost constantly. Previous research has linked excessive social media use to various mental health issues, including anxiety and depression. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. This paper explores the impact of social media use on anxiety levels among teenagers, focusing on the roles of social comparison and cyberbullying.(4)

If you would like to learn more about manuscript writing, check out the Comprehensive Research Course from the Match Guy here .

  • Review Relevant Literature : Summarize key studies and theories related to your topic.
  • Provide Context : Explain the broader context of your research problem.
  • Define Key Terms : Ensure that any specialized terms or concepts are clearly defined.
  • Identify the Research Gap : Highlight what is not yet known or understood about your topic.
  • Be Concise : Provide enough information to set the stage without overwhelming the reader with details.

Getting No Replies from Institutions? Don't Stress!

This mistake can occur when the literature review is too brief, lacks depth, omits key studies, or fails to critically analyze previous work. An inadequate literature review can undermine the foundation of the research by failing to provide the necessary context and justification for the study.

Inadequate Literature Review: There has been some research on the relationship between exercise and mental health. This paper will investigate this relationship further.

  • Problem : This review is too general and does not provide sufficient detail about the existing research or how it informs the current study.

Example with Adequate Literature Review: Research has consistently shown that regular physical activity has positive effects on mental health. For example, a study by Gujral et al. (2019) demonstrated that aerobic exercise can significantly reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety. Similarly, Smith and Lee (2020) found that strength training also contributes to improved mood and reduced stress levels. However, much of the existing research has focused on adult populations, with relatively few studies examining these effects in adolescents. Additionally, the specific types of exercise that are most beneficial for different mental health outcomes have not been thoroughly investigated. This study aims to explore the effects of various types of exercise on the mental health of high school students, thereby addressing these gaps in the literature.(5-6)

  • Be Comprehensive : Review a broad range of studies related to the research topic to provide a thorough context.
  • Be Specific : Cite specific studies, including their methodologies, findings, and relevance to the current research.
  • Be Critical : Analyze and evaluate the existing research, identifying strengths, weaknesses, and gaps.
  • Be Structured : Organize the literature review logically, grouping studies by themes or findings to create a coherent narrative.
  • Be Relevant : Focus on the most relevant studies that directly relate to the research question and objectives.

Unlock your research potential with our dynamic course designed for medical students! Built by an experienced researcher with 150+ publications and 3000+ citations!

Ignoring the research gap in a research paper introduction means failing to identify and articulate what specific aspect of the topic has not been explored or adequately addressed in existing literature. The research gap is a critical component because it justifies the necessity and originality of the study. Without highlighting this gap, the research may appear redundant or lacking in significance.

How huge is this mistake?

  • Lack of Justification : The study may not appear necessary or relevant, diminishing its perceived value.
  • Redundancy : The research may seem to duplicate existing studies, offering no new insights or contributions to the field. Even if you are using methodology similar to previous studies, it is important to note why you are doing so e.g., few studies have used that specific methodology, and you would like to validate it in your sample population!
  • Reader Disinterest : Readers may lose interest if they do not see the unique contribution or purpose of the research.

Example of Ignoring the Research Gap: Many studies have examined the effects of exercise on mental health. This paper looks at the relationship between physical activity and depression.

  • Problem : This introduction does not specify what aspect of the relationship between physical activity and depression has not been studied, failing to highlight the unique contribution of the research.

Example of Identifying the Research Gap: Numerous studies have demonstrated the general benefits of physical activity on mental health, particularly its role in alleviating symptoms of depression. However, there is limited research on how different types of exercise (e.g., aerobic vs. anaerobic) specifically impact depression levels among various age groups. This study investigates the differential effects of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on depression in young adults, aiming to fill this gap in the literature.(6)

  • Conduct a Thorough Literature Review : Understand the current state of research in your field to identify what has been studied and where gaps exist.
  • Be Specific : Clearly articulate what specific aspect has not been covered in existing studies.
  • Link to Your Study : Explain how your research will address this gap and contribute to the field.
  • Use Evidence : Support your identification of the gap with references to previous studies.
  • Emphasize Significance : Highlight why filling this gap is important for advancing knowledge or practical applications.

Do Statistical Analysis on your own with confidence in 2 weeks!

Overly technical language refers to the excessive use of jargon, complex terms, and highly specialized language that may be difficult for readers, especially those not familiar with the field, to understand. While technical language is sometimes necessary in academic writing, overusing it in the introduction can create several problems:

  • Reader Alienation : Readers may find the text intimidating or inaccessible, leading to disengagement.
  • Lack of Clarity : The main points and significance of the research can become obscured by complex terminology.
  • Reduced Impact : The research may fail to communicate its importance effectively if readers struggle to understand the introduction.

Example of Overly Technical Language: The present study examines the metacognitive strategies employed by individuals in the domain of second language acquisition, specifically focusing on the interaction between declarative and procedural memory systems in the process of syntactic parsing.

  • Problem : This sentence is loaded with jargon (“metacognitive strategies,” “second language acquisition,” “declarative and procedural memory systems,” “syntactic parsing”), which can be overwhelming and confusing for readers not familiar with these terms.

Example with Simplified Language: This study looks at the thinking strategies people use when learning a second language. It focuses on how different types of memory, such as the knowledge of facts and the skills for doing things, help in understanding sentence structures.(7)

  • Know Your Audience : Tailor the language to the intended audience, ensuring it is accessible to both specialists and non-specialists.
  • Define Term s: When technical terms are necessary, provide clear definitions or explanations.
  • Use Analogies : Simplify complex concepts using analogies or examples that are easy to understand.
  • Avoid Jargon : Limit the use of jargon and specialized terms, especially in the introduction.
  • Seek Feedback : Ask peers or non-experts to read the introduction and provide feedback on clarity and accessibility.

Curious about delving into research but unsure where to begin?

Poor organization and flow in a research paper introduction refer to a lack of logical structure and coherence that makes the introduction difficult to follow. This can occur when ideas are presented in a haphazard manner, transitions between sections are weak or non-existent, and the overall narrative is disjointed. A well-organized introduction should smoothly guide the reader from the general context to the specific objectives of the study.

Example of Poor Organization and Flow: “Climate change affects agriculture in various ways. Many studies have looked at the impact on crop yields. This paper will discuss the economic implications of these changes. Climate models predict increased variability in weather patterns, which will affect water availability. Researchers have found that higher temperatures reduce the growing season for many crops.”

  • Problem : The ideas are presented in a scattered manner without clear connections. The mention of economic implications seems out of place, and there are abrupt shifts between topics.

Example with Good Organization and Flow: Climate change poses significant challenges to agriculture by altering weather patterns, impacting crop yields, and affecting water availability. Numerous studies have shown that increased temperatures can shorten the growing season for many crops, leading to reduced yields. Additionally, climate models predict increased variability in weather patterns, which complicates water management for farmers. These changes not only affect food production but also have substantial economic implications for agricultural communities. This paper will examine the economic impacts of climate-induced changes in agriculture, focusing on crop yield variability and water resource management.(1)

  • Create an Outline : Before writing, outline the main points you want to cover in the introduction.
  • Think in terms of an inverted triangle : Begin broadly to introduce basic concepts related to your topic. As you progress through the introduction, you can introduce more and more specific topics until you have enough information to justify your thesis statement
  • Use Transitional Phrases : Employ transitional phrases and sentences to connect ideas and sections smoothly.
  • Follow a Logical Sequence : Present information in a logical order, moving from general context to specific objectives.
  • Maintain Focus : Stay focused on the main topic and avoid introducing unrelated ideas.
  • Revise for Coherence : Review and revise the introduction to ensure that it flows well and that each part contributes to the overall narrative.

Advisor Unlimited Access An image highlighting the comprehensive and personalized support provided by The Match Guy, showcasing a dedicated counselor available to applicants. This image emphasizes the unlimited access to expert advice and tailored assistance throughout the residency match process.

Advisor UNLIMITED Access

We get how stressful the residency match process is, so we're here for you - communicate with your personal advisor ANYTIME you need!

Personal Statement Editing: An image featuring the personal statement. This image highlights the comprehensive and detailed editing services provided by The Match Guy, ensuring that personal statements are polished and effective.

Personal Statement Editing

Our editing includes not only language but also context, structure, and content advising.

ERAS Application Editing: An image featuring the ERAS Application. This image highlights the comprehensive and personalized application editing services provided by The Match Guy, ensuring that applications are well-crafted and reflective of individual accomplishments.

ERAS Application Editing

The editing goes beyond language and grammar corrections to structure, design, and content based on your personal story and achievement.

Interview Preparation: An image featuring the Residency Interview. This image highlights the practical and thorough approach to interview preparation provided by The Match Guy, ensuring candidates are well-prepared and confident.

  • Interview Preparation

The best way to learn something is to do it. That’s why we divide our interview preparation sessions into two parts. Mock Interview + Feedback

Neglecting the audience refers to failing to consider the background, knowledge level, and interests of the intended readers when writing the introduction of a research paper. This mistake can manifest in several ways, such as using overly technical language for a general audience, providing insufficient background information for readers unfamiliar with the topic, or failing to engage the readers’ interest.

Example of Neglecting the Audience: For experts in genomic sequencing, this study explores the epigenetic modifications resulting from CRISPR-Cas9 interventions, focusing on the methylation patterns and histone modifications observed in gene-edited cells.

  • Problem : This introduction assumes a high level of expertise in genomic sequencing and epigenetics, which may alienate readers without this background.

Example with Audience Consideration: CRISPR-Cas9 is a groundbreaking tool in genetic research that allows scientists to edit DNA with precision. However, altering genes can lead to unexpected changes in how genes are expressed, known as epigenetic modifications. This study investigates these changes by looking at specific markers on DNA, such as methylation patterns, and how they affect gene activity in cells that have been edited using CRISPR-Cas9. Our goal is to understand the broader implications of gene editing on cellular functions, which is crucial for advancing medical research and treatments.(8)

  • Identify the Audience : Determine who the intended readers are (e.g., experts, students, general public) and tailor the language and content accordingly. Read papers from the journals you are considering for submission. Professional editors curate the language used in these papers and are a great starting point to identify the level of expertise of your audience!
  • Simplify Language : Use clear and straightforward language, avoiding jargon and technical terms unless they are necessary and well-explained.
  • Provide Background Information : Include sufficient background information to help readers understand the context and significance of the research.
  • Engage the Reader : Start with an engaging introduction that highlights the relevance and importance of the research topic.
  • Anticipate Questions : Consider what questions or concerns the audience might have and address them in the introduction

USMLE Tutoring

By following these guidelines and avoiding common pitfalls, you can create an introduction that not only grabs the attention of your readers but also sets the stage for a compelling and impactful research paper.

Final Tips:

  • Revise and refine your introduction multiple times to ensure clarity and coherence.
  • Seek feedback from peers, mentors, or advisors to identify areas for improvement.
  • Keep your audience in mind and tailor your language and content to their needs and interests.
  • Stay focused on your research objectives and ensure that every part of your introduction contributes to achieving them.
  • Be confident in the significance of your research and its potential impact on your field or community.

Let your introduction be more than just words on a page. It’s a doorway to understanding. To help you along, we’ve created a practical course on writing and publishing research projects. It’s 100% risk-free, with a money-back guarantee if you’re not satisfied. Try it out now by clicking here .

Wishing you success on your research journey!

Marina Ramzy Mourid, Hamza Ibad, MBBS

Dr. Ibad graduated from the Aga Khan University Medical College and completed a post-doctoral research fellowship at Johns Hopkins in the Department of Radiology (Musculoskeletal Division). Dr. Ibad’s research and clinical interests include deep-learning applications for automated image interpretation, osteoarthritis, and sarcopenia-related health outcomes.

role of introduction in research paper

The Pathways for ECFMG Certification for MATCH 2025

role of introduction in research paper

2025 ERAS Application Updates 

General Surgery Residency Personal Statement Examples

General Surgery Residency Personal Statement Examples 

Emergency Medicine Residency Personal Statement Examples

Emergency Medicine Residency Personal Statement Examples 

About thematchguy, become a researcher in the united states, interested in learning more about literature search with examples from published literature, the comprehensive research course, the systematic review course, the medical statistics course, how to find research positions in the us.

1. Abbass K, Qasim MZ, Song H, Murshed M, Mahmood H, Younis I. A review of the global climate change impacts, adaptation, and sustainable mitigation measures. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2022;29(28):42539-42559. doi:10.1007/s11356-022-19718-6

2. Cai X, Wang D, Laurent R. Impact of climate change on crop yield: a case study of rainfed corn in central illinois. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology. 2009;48(9):1868-1881. doi:10.1175/2009JAMC1880.1

3. Van Den Eijnden RJJM, Geurts SM, Ter Bogt TFM, Van Der Rijst VG, Koning IM. Social media use and adolescents’ sleep: a longitudinal study on the protective role of parental rules regarding internet use before sleep. IJERPH. 2021;18(3):1346. doi:10.3390/ijerph18031346

4. Schmitt, M. (2021). Effects of social media and technology on adolescents: What the evidence is showing and what we can do about it. Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences Education, 38(1), 51-59.

5. Gujral S, Aizenstein H, Reynolds CF, Butters MA, Erickson KI. Exercise effects on depression: Possible neural mechanisms. General Hospital Psychiatry. 2017;49:2-10. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2017.04.012

6. Smith PJ, Merwin RM. The role of exercise in management of mental health disorders: an integrative review. Annu Rev Med. 2021;72(1):45-62. doi:10.1146/annurev-med-060619-022943

7. Sun Q, Zhang LJ. Understanding learners’ metacognitive experiences in learning to write in English as a foreign language: A structural equation modeling approach. Front Psychol. 2022;13:986301. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.986301

8. Kolanu ND. Crispr–cas9 gene editing: curing genetic diseases by inherited epigenetic modifications. Glob Med Genet. 2024;11(01):113-122. doi:10.1055/s-0044-1785234

How can we help you?

Leave your message here and we will get in touch with you as soon as possible.

Online Service Chat Support An image of a friendly online service chat interface, representing The Match Guy's commitment to providing personalized and accessible support to medical students and doctors throughout their residency application process.

Quick Links

  • Our Reviews
  • Our Podcast
  • Residency Advising
  • Personal Statement
  • Match®Application Package
  • P.O. Box 40388 Pittsburgh, PA 15201
  • [email protected]
  • + 1 412-295-8358
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms & Conditions

WhatsApp Us

role of introduction in research paper

Join Over 20,000 Readers

The Writing Center • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Introductions

What this handout is about.

This handout will explain the functions of introductions, offer strategies for creating effective introductions, and provide some examples of less effective introductions to avoid.

The role of introductions

Introductions and conclusions can be the most difficult parts of papers to write. Usually when you sit down to respond to an assignment, you have at least some sense of what you want to say in the body of your paper. You might have chosen a few examples you want to use or have an idea that will help you answer the main question of your assignment; these sections, therefore, may not be as hard to write. And it’s fine to write them first! But in your final draft, these middle parts of the paper can’t just come out of thin air; they need to be introduced and concluded in a way that makes sense to your reader.

Your introduction and conclusion act as bridges that transport your readers from their own lives into the “place” of your analysis. If your readers pick up your paper about education in the autobiography of Frederick Douglass, for example, they need a transition to help them leave behind the world of Chapel Hill, television, e-mail, and The Daily Tar Heel and to help them temporarily enter the world of nineteenth-century American slavery. By providing an introduction that helps your readers make a transition between their own world and the issues you will be writing about, you give your readers the tools they need to get into your topic and care about what you are saying. Similarly, once you’ve hooked your readers with the introduction and offered evidence to prove your thesis, your conclusion can provide a bridge to help your readers make the transition back to their daily lives. (See our handout on conclusions .)

Note that what constitutes a good introduction may vary widely based on the kind of paper you are writing and the academic discipline in which you are writing it. If you are uncertain what kind of introduction is expected, ask your instructor.

Why bother writing a good introduction?

You never get a second chance to make a first impression. The opening paragraph of your paper will provide your readers with their initial impressions of your argument, your writing style, and the overall quality of your work. A vague, disorganized, error-filled, off-the-wall, or boring introduction will probably create a negative impression. On the other hand, a concise, engaging, and well-written introduction will start your readers off thinking highly of you, your analytical skills, your writing, and your paper.

Your introduction is an important road map for the rest of your paper. Your introduction conveys a lot of information to your readers. You can let them know what your topic is, why it is important, and how you plan to proceed with your discussion. In many academic disciplines, your introduction should contain a thesis that will assert your main argument. Your introduction should also give the reader a sense of the kinds of information you will use to make that argument and the general organization of the paragraphs and pages that will follow. After reading your introduction, your readers should not have any major surprises in store when they read the main body of your paper.

Ideally, your introduction will make your readers want to read your paper. The introduction should capture your readers’ interest, making them want to read the rest of your paper. Opening with a compelling story, an interesting question, or a vivid example can get your readers to see why your topic matters and serve as an invitation for them to join you for an engaging intellectual conversation (remember, though, that these strategies may not be suitable for all papers and disciplines).

Strategies for writing an effective introduction

Start by thinking about the question (or questions) you are trying to answer. Your entire essay will be a response to this question, and your introduction is the first step toward that end. Your direct answer to the assigned question will be your thesis, and your thesis will likely be included in your introduction, so it is a good idea to use the question as a jumping off point. Imagine that you are assigned the following question:

Drawing on the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass , discuss the relationship between education and slavery in 19th-century America. Consider the following: How did white control of education reinforce slavery? How did Douglass and other enslaved African Americans view education while they endured slavery? And what role did education play in the acquisition of freedom? Most importantly, consider the degree to which education was or was not a major force for social change with regard to slavery.

You will probably refer back to your assignment extensively as you prepare your complete essay, and the prompt itself can also give you some clues about how to approach the introduction. Notice that it starts with a broad statement and then narrows to focus on specific questions from the book. One strategy might be to use a similar model in your own introduction—start off with a big picture sentence or two and then focus in on the details of your argument about Douglass. Of course, a different approach could also be very successful, but looking at the way the professor set up the question can sometimes give you some ideas for how you might answer it. (See our handout on understanding assignments for additional information on the hidden clues in assignments.)

Decide how general or broad your opening should be. Keep in mind that even a “big picture” opening needs to be clearly related to your topic; an opening sentence that said “Human beings, more than any other creatures on earth, are capable of learning” would be too broad for our sample assignment about slavery and education. If you have ever used Google Maps or similar programs, that experience can provide a helpful way of thinking about how broad your opening should be. Imagine that you’re researching Chapel Hill. If what you want to find out is whether Chapel Hill is at roughly the same latitude as Rome, it might make sense to hit that little “minus” sign on the online map until it has zoomed all the way out and you can see the whole globe. If you’re trying to figure out how to get from Chapel Hill to Wrightsville Beach, it might make more sense to zoom in to the level where you can see most of North Carolina (but not the rest of the world, or even the rest of the United States). And if you are looking for the intersection of Ridge Road and Manning Drive so that you can find the Writing Center’s main office, you may need to zoom all the way in. The question you are asking determines how “broad” your view should be. In the sample assignment above, the questions are probably at the “state” or “city” level of generality. When writing, you need to place your ideas in context—but that context doesn’t generally have to be as big as the whole galaxy!

Try writing your introduction last. You may think that you have to write your introduction first, but that isn’t necessarily true, and it isn’t always the most effective way to craft a good introduction. You may find that you don’t know precisely what you are going to argue at the beginning of the writing process. It is perfectly fine to start out thinking that you want to argue a particular point but wind up arguing something slightly or even dramatically different by the time you’ve written most of the paper. The writing process can be an important way to organize your ideas, think through complicated issues, refine your thoughts, and develop a sophisticated argument. However, an introduction written at the beginning of that discovery process will not necessarily reflect what you wind up with at the end. You will need to revise your paper to make sure that the introduction, all of the evidence, and the conclusion reflect the argument you intend. Sometimes it’s easiest to just write up all of your evidence first and then write the introduction last—that way you can be sure that the introduction will match the body of the paper.

Don’t be afraid to write a tentative introduction first and then change it later. Some people find that they need to write some kind of introduction in order to get the writing process started. That’s fine, but if you are one of those people, be sure to return to your initial introduction later and rewrite if necessary.

Open with something that will draw readers in. Consider these options (remembering that they may not be suitable for all kinds of papers):

  • an intriguing example —for example, Douglass writes about a mistress who initially teaches him but then ceases her instruction as she learns more about slavery.
  • a provocative quotation that is closely related to your argument —for example, Douglass writes that “education and slavery were incompatible with each other.” (Quotes from famous people, inspirational quotes, etc. may not work well for an academic paper; in this example, the quote is from the author himself.)
  • a puzzling scenario —for example, Frederick Douglass says of slaves that “[N]othing has been left undone to cripple their intellects, darken their minds, debase their moral nature, obliterate all traces of their relationship to mankind; and yet how wonderfully they have sustained the mighty load of a most frightful bondage, under which they have been groaning for centuries!” Douglass clearly asserts that slave owners went to great lengths to destroy the mental capacities of slaves, yet his own life story proves that these efforts could be unsuccessful.
  • a vivid and perhaps unexpected anecdote —for example, “Learning about slavery in the American history course at Frederick Douglass High School, students studied the work slaves did, the impact of slavery on their families, and the rules that governed their lives. We didn’t discuss education, however, until one student, Mary, raised her hand and asked, ‘But when did they go to school?’ That modern high school students could not conceive of an American childhood devoid of formal education speaks volumes about the centrality of education to American youth today and also suggests the significance of the deprivation of education in past generations.”
  • a thought-provoking question —for example, given all of the freedoms that were denied enslaved individuals in the American South, why does Frederick Douglass focus his attentions so squarely on education and literacy?

Pay special attention to your first sentence. Start off on the right foot with your readers by making sure that the first sentence actually says something useful and that it does so in an interesting and polished way.

How to evaluate your introduction draft

Ask a friend to read your introduction and then tell you what they expect the paper will discuss, what kinds of evidence the paper will use, and what the tone of the paper will be. If your friend is able to predict the rest of your paper accurately, you probably have a good introduction.

Five kinds of less effective introductions

1. The placeholder introduction. When you don’t have much to say on a given topic, it is easy to create this kind of introduction. Essentially, this kind of weaker introduction contains several sentences that are vague and don’t really say much. They exist just to take up the “introduction space” in your paper. If you had something more effective to say, you would probably say it, but in the meantime this paragraph is just a place holder.

Example: Slavery was one of the greatest tragedies in American history. There were many different aspects of slavery. Each created different kinds of problems for enslaved people.

2. The restated question introduction. Restating the question can sometimes be an effective strategy, but it can be easy to stop at JUST restating the question instead of offering a more specific, interesting introduction to your paper. The professor or teaching assistant wrote your question and will be reading many essays in response to it—they do not need to read a whole paragraph that simply restates the question.

Example: The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass discusses the relationship between education and slavery in 19th century America, showing how white control of education reinforced slavery and how Douglass and other enslaved African Americans viewed education while they endured. Moreover, the book discusses the role that education played in the acquisition of freedom. Education was a major force for social change with regard to slavery.

3. The Webster’s Dictionary introduction. This introduction begins by giving the dictionary definition of one or more of the words in the assigned question. Anyone can look a word up in the dictionary and copy down what Webster says. If you want to open with a discussion of an important term, it may be far more interesting for you (and your reader) if you develop your own definition of the term in the specific context of your class and assignment. You may also be able to use a definition from one of the sources you’ve been reading for class. Also recognize that the dictionary is also not a particularly authoritative work—it doesn’t take into account the context of your course and doesn’t offer particularly detailed information. If you feel that you must seek out an authority, try to find one that is very relevant and specific. Perhaps a quotation from a source reading might prove better? Dictionary introductions are also ineffective simply because they are so overused. Instructors may see a great many papers that begin in this way, greatly decreasing the dramatic impact that any one of those papers will have.

Example: Webster’s dictionary defines slavery as “the state of being a slave,” as “the practice of owning slaves,” and as “a condition of hard work and subjection.”

4. The “dawn of man” introduction. This kind of introduction generally makes broad, sweeping statements about the relevance of this topic since the beginning of time, throughout the world, etc. It is usually very general (similar to the placeholder introduction) and fails to connect to the thesis. It may employ cliches—the phrases “the dawn of man” and “throughout human history” are examples, and it’s hard to imagine a time when starting with one of these would work. Instructors often find them extremely annoying.

Example: Since the dawn of man, slavery has been a problem in human history.

5. The book report introduction. This introduction is what you had to do for your elementary school book reports. It gives the name and author of the book you are writing about, tells what the book is about, and offers other basic facts about the book. You might resort to this sort of introduction when you are trying to fill space because it’s a familiar, comfortable format. It is ineffective because it offers details that your reader probably already knows and that are irrelevant to the thesis.

Example: Frederick Douglass wrote his autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave , in the 1840s. It was published in 1986 by Penguin Books. In it, he tells the story of his life.

And now for the conclusion…

Writing an effective introduction can be tough. Try playing around with several different options and choose the one that ends up sounding best to you!

Just as your introduction helps readers make the transition to your topic, your conclusion needs to help them return to their daily lives–but with a lasting sense of how what they have just read is useful or meaningful. Check out our handout on  conclusions for tips on ending your paper as effectively as you began it!

Works consulted

We consulted these works while writing this handout. This is not a comprehensive list of resources on the handout’s topic, and we encourage you to do your own research to find additional publications. Please do not use this list as a model for the format of your own reference list, as it may not match the citation style you are using. For guidance on formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial . We revise these tips periodically and welcome feedback.

Douglass, Frederick. 1995. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself . New York: Dover.

You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Make a Gift

How to write an effective introduction for your research paper

Last updated

20 January 2024

Reviewed by

Short on time? Get an AI generated summary of this article instead

However, the introduction is a vital element of your research paper . It helps the reader decide whether your paper is worth their time. As such, it's worth taking your time to get it right.

In this article, we'll tell you everything you need to know about writing an effective introduction for your research paper.

  • The importance of an introduction in research papers

The primary purpose of an introduction is to provide an overview of your paper. This lets readers gauge whether they want to continue reading or not. The introduction should provide a meaningful roadmap of your research to help them make this decision. It should let readers know whether the information they're interested in is likely to be found in the pages that follow.

Aside from providing readers with information about the content of your paper, the introduction also sets the tone. It shows readers the style of language they can expect, which can further help them to decide how far to read.

When you take into account both of these roles that an introduction plays, it becomes clear that crafting an engaging introduction is the best way to get your paper read more widely. First impressions count, and the introduction provides that impression to readers.

  • The optimum length for a research paper introduction

While there's no magic formula to determine exactly how long a research paper introduction should be, there are a few guidelines. Some variables that impact the ideal introduction length include:

Field of study

Complexity of the topic

Specific requirements of the course or publication

A commonly recommended length of a research paper introduction is around 10% of the total paper’s length. So, a ten-page paper has a one-page introduction. If the topic is complex, it may require more background to craft a compelling intro. Humanities papers tend to have longer introductions than those of the hard sciences.

The best way to craft an introduction of the right length is to focus on clarity and conciseness. Tell the reader only what is necessary to set up your research. An introduction edited down with this goal in mind should end up at an acceptable length.

  • Evaluating successful research paper introductions

A good way to gauge how to create a great introduction is by looking at examples from across your field. The most influential and well-regarded papers should provide some insights into what makes a good introduction.

Dissecting examples: what works and why

We can make some general assumptions by looking at common elements of a good introduction, regardless of the field of research.

A common structure is to start with a broad context, and then narrow that down to specific research questions or hypotheses. This creates a funnel that establishes the scope and relevance.

The most effective introductions are careful about the assumptions they make regarding reader knowledge. By clearly defining key terms and concepts instead of assuming the reader is familiar with them, these introductions set a more solid foundation for understanding.

To pull in the reader and make that all-important good first impression, excellent research paper introductions will often incorporate a compelling narrative or some striking fact that grabs the reader's attention.

Finally, good introductions provide clear citations from past research to back up the claims they're making. In the case of argumentative papers or essays (those that take a stance on a topic or issue), a strong thesis statement compels the reader to continue reading.

Common pitfalls to avoid in research paper introductions

You can also learn what not to do by looking at other research papers. Many authors have made mistakes you can learn from.

We've talked about the need to be clear and concise. Many introductions fail at this; they're verbose, vague, or otherwise fail to convey the research problem or hypothesis efficiently. This often comes in the form of an overemphasis on background information, which obscures the main research focus.

Ensure your introduction provides the proper emphasis and excitement around your research and its significance. Otherwise, fewer people will want to read more about it.

  • Crafting a compelling introduction for a research paper

Let’s take a look at the steps required to craft an introduction that pulls readers in and compels them to learn more about your research.

Step 1: Capturing interest and setting the scene

To capture the reader's interest immediately, begin your introduction with a compelling question, a surprising fact, a provocative quote, or some other mechanism that will hook readers and pull them further into the paper.

As they continue reading, the introduction should contextualize your research within the current field, showing readers its relevance and importance. Clarify any essential terms that will help them better understand what you're saying. This keeps the fundamentals of your research accessible to all readers from all backgrounds.

Step 2: Building a solid foundation with background information

Including background information in your introduction serves two major purposes:

It helps to clarify the topic for the reader

It establishes the depth of your research

The approach you take when conveying this information depends on the type of paper.

For argumentative papers, you'll want to develop engaging background narratives. These should provide context for the argument you'll be presenting.

For empirical papers, highlighting past research is the key. Often, there will be some questions that weren't answered in those past papers. If your paper is focused on those areas, those papers make ideal candidates for you to discuss and critique in your introduction.

Step 3: Pinpointing the research challenge

To capture the attention of the reader, you need to explain what research challenges you'll be discussing.

For argumentative papers, this involves articulating why the argument you'll be making is important. What is its relevance to current discussions or problems? What is the potential impact of people accepting or rejecting your argument?

For empirical papers, explain how your research is addressing a gap in existing knowledge. What new insights or contributions will your research bring to your field?

Step 4: Clarifying your research aims and objectives

We mentioned earlier that the introduction to a research paper can serve as a roadmap for what's within. We've also frequently discussed the need for clarity. This step addresses both of these.

When writing an argumentative paper, craft a thesis statement with impact. Clearly articulate what your position is and the main points you intend to present. This will map out for the reader exactly what they'll get from reading the rest.

For empirical papers, focus on formulating precise research questions and hypotheses. Directly link them to the gaps or issues you've identified in existing research to show the reader the precise direction your research paper will take.

Step 5: Sketching the blueprint of your study

Continue building a roadmap for your readers by designing a structured outline for the paper. Guide the reader through your research journey, explaining what the different sections will contain and their relationship to one another.

This outline should flow seamlessly as you move from section to section. Creating this outline early can also help guide the creation of the paper itself, resulting in a final product that's better organized. In doing so, you'll craft a paper where each section flows intuitively from the next.

Step 6: Integrating your research question

To avoid letting your research question get lost in background information or clarifications, craft your introduction in such a way that the research question resonates throughout. The research question should clearly address a gap in existing knowledge or offer a new perspective on an existing problem.

Tell users your research question explicitly but also remember to frequently come back to it. When providing context or clarification, point out how it relates to the research question. This keeps your focus where it needs to be and prevents the topic of the paper from becoming under-emphasized.

Step 7: Establishing the scope and limitations

So far, we've talked mostly about what's in the paper and how to convey that information to readers. The opposite is also important. Information that's outside the scope of your paper should be made clear to the reader in the introduction so their expectations for what is to follow are set appropriately.

Similarly, be honest and upfront about the limitations of the study. Any constraints in methodology, data, or how far your findings can be generalized should be fully communicated in the introduction.

Step 8: Concluding the introduction with a promise

The final few lines of the introduction are your last chance to convince people to continue reading the rest of the paper. Here is where you should make it very clear what benefit they'll get from doing so. What topics will be covered? What questions will be answered? Make it clear what they will get for continuing.

By providing a quick recap of the key points contained in the introduction in its final lines and properly setting the stage for what follows in the rest of the paper, you refocus the reader's attention on the topic of your research and guide them to read more.

  • Research paper introduction best practices

Following the steps above will give you a compelling introduction that hits on all the key points an introduction should have. Some more tips and tricks can make an introduction even more polished.

As you follow the steps above, keep the following tips in mind.

Set the right tone and style

Like every piece of writing, a research paper should be written for the audience. That is to say, it should match the tone and style that your academic discipline and target audience expect. This is typically a formal and academic tone, though the degree of formality varies by field.

Kno w the audience

The perfect introduction balances clarity with conciseness. The amount of clarification required for a given topic depends greatly on the target audience. Knowing who will be reading your paper will guide you in determining how much background information is required.

Adopt the CARS (create a research space) model

The CARS model is a helpful tool for structuring introductions. This structure has three parts. The beginning of the introduction establishes the general research area. Next, relevant literature is reviewed and critiqued. The final section outlines the purpose of your study as it relates to the previous parts.

Master the art of funneling

The CARS method is one example of a well-funneled introduction. These start broadly and then slowly narrow down to your specific research problem. It provides a nice narrative flow that provides the right information at the right time. If you stray from the CARS model, try to retain this same type of funneling.

Incorporate narrative element

People read research papers largely to be informed. But to inform the reader, you have to hold their attention. A narrative style, particularly in the introduction, is a great way to do that. This can be a compelling story, an intriguing question, or a description of a real-world problem.

Write the introduction last

By writing the introduction after the rest of the paper, you'll have a better idea of what your research entails and how the paper is structured. This prevents the common problem of writing something in the introduction and then forgetting to include it in the paper. It also means anything particularly exciting in the paper isn’t neglected in the intro.

Should you be using a customer insights hub?

Do you want to discover previous research faster?

Do you share your research findings with others?

Do you analyze research data?

Start for free today, add your research, and get to key insights faster

Editor’s picks

Last updated: 9 November 2024

Last updated: 19 November 2023

Last updated: 5 February 2024

Last updated: 30 April 2024

Last updated: 12 December 2023

Last updated: 4 July 2024

Last updated: 12 October 2023

Last updated: 6 March 2024

Last updated: 5 March 2024

Last updated: 31 January 2024

Last updated: 23 January 2024

Last updated: 13 May 2024

Last updated: 20 December 2023

Latest articles

Related topics, a whole new way to understand your customer is here, log in or sign up.

Get started for free

How to Write an Introduction for a Research Paper

Divya Bhansali headshot

By Divya Bhansali

Columbia University; Biomedical Engineering PhD candidate

4 minute read

The introduction of a research paper serves as the gateway to your work. It's where you engage your readers and provide them with a clear understanding of your research topic. Writing the introduction is the first step in writing a research paper, from the abstract to the conclusion. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve deeper into the essential elements of an effective introduction for a high school-level research paper. We'll not only discuss the practical steps but also provide you with a deeper understanding of why introductions are crucial in academic writing.

The Significance of a Well-Crafted Introduction

Before we dive into the specifics of writing an introduction, it's important to recognize the fundamental role introductions play in academic writing. Think of the introduction as your paper's opening act. Just as a captivating movie or book beginning draws you in, a well-constructed research paper introduction grabs your reader's attention, sets the stage for what's to come, and provides context for your research.

Here’s an example of a brief and well-crafted research paper introduction:

Polygence alumn Nyrah wrote: “During the early 1800s, both dissection and experimentation were used as a mechanism to exploit African-American bodies. Yet it still happens today, we can see this through the lens of African American women who experience racism pre- and post-partum. In this paper, the reader will learn about how past history has influenced current healthcare and explore possible solutions to it.” For a more extensive introduction, check out Polygence alumn Lily ’s paper!

Do your own research through Polygence!

Polygence pairs you with an expert mentor in your area of passion. Together, you work to create a high quality research project that is uniquely your own.

1. Understand Your Research Topic

The process of writing an effective introduction begins long before you put pen to paper or fingers to keyboard. It commences with a deep understanding of your research topic. Take the time to immerse yourself in the subject matter. Read widely, consult authoritative sources, and jot down key concepts, terms, and facts that are central to your research. The better you understand your topic, the more confidently you can introduce it to your readers.

2. Hook Your Reader

Now, let's discuss the hook, which is the critical opening element of your introduction. The primary purpose of the hook is to captivate your reader's interest. Imagine your reader as someone who has just picked up your paper, and it's your job to make sure they want to keep reading. Here are some effective hooks to consider:

Start with a Shocking Fact: Human beings are naturally drawn to the unexpected. Begin with a surprising statistic or piece of information that relates to your research.

Use a Relevant Quote: Quotes from experts, historical figures, or renowned scholars can lend authority and interest to your introduction.

Ask a Thought-Provoking Question: Engage your reader's curiosity by posing a question that invites them to contemplate the topic.

Share an Anecdote: Narrate a brief, relevant story or example that illustrates the importance of your research in a real-world context.

3. Provide Context

Following the hook, you should provide context for your research paper topic. This is where you set the stage by explaining the significance of the subject matter. Discuss any current events, societal issues, or trends that relate to your topic. Explain why this research matters, not just to you, but to the broader world. By offering context, you demonstrate the relevance and importance of your work.

4. State Your Research Question or Thesis

Do you know the fundamentals of how to write a thesis statement for a research paper ? The heart of your introduction lies in your research question or thesis statement. This is where you clearly and concisely express the main argument or focus of your paper. Here are some important considerations:

Specificity : Ensure that your thesis statement is specific and focused. It should address a particular aspect of your research paper topic, not a broad generalization.

Debatable : A strong thesis statement should present a point of view that can be argued or discussed. It should not be a simple fact.

Placement : Your thesis statement should appear near the end of your introduction section. This strategic placement builds anticipation and prepares your reader for the depth of analysis to come.

Explore if there's chemistry

Interested in Chemistry? We'll match you with an expert mentor who will help you explore your next project.

5. Outline Your Approach

With your thesis statement in place, briefly outline how you intend to address your research question or support your thesis. Mention the methods or sources you will use to gather information and evidence. If you're conducting experiments, surveys, or interviews, briefly describe these methods. If your research relies on academic sources, case studies, or data analysis, mention that too. This part of the introduction section provides your reader with insight into your research process and methodology.

6. Mention the Significance of Your Research

Why does your research matter? What potential impact can it have? These are crucial questions to address in your introduction paragraph. Explain the significance of your research by highlighting its contribution to the field or the broader subject matter. If your work has real-world implications or applications, briefly touch on them. Convince your reader that your research is academically valuable and has practical relevance.

7. Preview Your Paper's Structure

As you wrap up your introduction paragraph, give your reader a roadmap of what to expect in the rest of your scientific research paper. Mention the main sections or points you'll be covering, and some of your research questions . For instance, if your paper has three main sections, provide a brief introduction to each of them. This helps your reader navigate your paper more easily and understand how the pieces fit together to support your thesis.

8. Keep it Concise

While it's important to provide all the necessary information, remember to keep your introduction concise. Avoid unnecessary details and stay focused on the key elements mentioned above. A lengthy introduction may overwhelm your reader and dilute the impact of your opening.

In conclusion, your research paper's introduction is your opportunity to engage your readers and set the stage for a well-structured and coherent piece of academic work. By following the steps outlined in this comprehensive guide, you can create an introduction that captivates your audience and provides a strong foundation for the rest of your scientific research paper. Remember that practice and revision are crucial to perfecting your introductions, so be encouraged if your first draft doesn't hit the mark. Good luck with your writing!

Polygence Scholars Are Also Passionate About

IMAGES

  1. A&G、フルジップパーカー 入園入学祝い 7200円 swim.main.jp

    role of introduction in research paper

  2. How to Start a Research Paper

    role of introduction in research paper

  3. If you do not know how to write a research paper, this research paper introduction sample will

    role of introduction in research paper

  4. Research Paper Bullying

    role of introduction in research paper

  5. Examples Of Research Essay

    role of introduction in research paper

  6. What an introduction to a research paper!

    role of introduction in research paper

VIDEO

  1. BAGIAN PENTING YANG HARUS DITULIS DALAM INTRODUCTION ARTIKEL ILMIAH

  2. Online Workshop on Research Paper Writing & Publishing Day 1

  3. Research Article writing Workshop Part 2: Writing Introduction and Abstract

  4. Operation research Chapter 2 part 4 Graphic solution method in Amharic

  5. Article Appeared in International Journal Published by Elsevier @DrKatochOfficial

  6. Introduction to Academic and Research Report Writing| Step by step procedure to write a report

COMMENTS

  1. How to Write a Research Paper Introduction (with Examples)

    The introduction for a research paper is where you set up your topic and approach for the reader. It has several key goals: Present your research topic. Capture reader interest. Summarize existing research. Position your own approach.

  2. Writing a Research Paper Introduction | Step-by-Step Guide

    The introduction to a research paper is where you set up your topic and approach for the reader. It has several key goals: Present your topic and get the reader interested. Provide background or summarize existing research. Position your own approach. Detail your specific research problem and problem statement.

  3. Introductions for Research Papers - The University of Texas ...

    Introductions are parts of essays whose function is to create a reference framework for the reader. Introductions establish the scope and boundaries of the research project. Additionally, they let readers know the relevance of the problem discussed in the writing piece.

  4. Research Paper Introduction – Writing Guide and Examples

    The introduction of a research paper serves as the first impression and sets the stage for the rest of the study. It provides background information, introduces the research topic, establishes the purpose of the paper, and guides readers toward the research question or thesis statement.

  5. How to Write a Research Paper Introduction - Grammarly

    A research paper introduction is an essential part of academic writing that explains the paper’s main topic and prepares the reader for the rest of the paper. After reading the introduction, the reader should know what the paper is about, what point it’s trying to make, and why it matters.

  6. How to Write a Research Paper Introduction (with Examples)

    A strong introduction sets the tone for the entire paper, guiding the reader through the research journey. It provides context, establishes relevance, and ensures the reader understands the importance of the study. Starting a research project is exciting, but getting the introduction right is key.

  7. Introductions – The Writing Center • University of North ...

    Your introduction is an important road map for the rest of your paper. Your introduction conveys a lot of information to your readers. You can let them know what your topic is, why it is important, and how you plan to proceed with your discussion.

  8. 4 Step approach to writing the Introduction section of a ...

    Compared to two other sections of a typical research paper, namely Methods and Results, Introduction and Discussion are more difficult to write. However, the 4-step approach described in this article should ease the task.

  9. How to Write an Introduction for a Research Paper - Dovetail

    The primary purpose of an introduction is to provide an overview of your paper. This lets readers gauge whether they want to continue reading or not. The introduction should provide a meaningful roadmap of your research to help them make this decision.

  10. How to Write an Introduction for a Research Paper | Polygence

    The introduction of a research paper serves as the gateway to your work. It's where you engage your readers and provide them with a clear understanding of your research topic. Writing the introduction is the first step in writing a research paper, from the abstract to the conclusion.