essay about dystopian society

Are we living in a dystopia?

Associate Professor, Rutgers University

Associate Professor of Political Science & International Relations, Valparaiso University

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Dystopian fiction is hot. Sales of George Orwell’s “1984” and Margaret Atwood’s “The Handmaid’s Tale” have skyrocketed since 2016. Young adult dystopias – for example, Suzanne Collins’ “The Hunger Games,” Veronica Roth’s “Divergent,” Lois Lowry’s classic, “The Giver” – were best-sellers even before.

And with COVID-19, dystopias featuring diseases have taken on new life. Netflix reports a spike in popularity for “Outbreak,” “12 Monkeys” and others .

Does this popularity signal that people think they live in a dystopia now? Haunting images of empty city squares , wild animals roaming streets and miles-long food pantry lines certainly suggest this.

We want to offer another view. “Dystopia” is a powerful but overused term. It is not a synonym for a terrible time.

The question for us as political scientists is not whether things are bad (they are), but how governments act. A government’s poor handling of a crisis, while maddening and sometimes disastrous, does not constitute dystopia.

Legitimate coercion

As we argue in our book, “ Survive and Resist: the Definitive Guide to Dystopian Politics ,” the definition of dystopia is political.

Dystopia is not a real place; it is a warning, usually about something bad the government is doing or something good it is failing to do. Actual dystopias are fictional, but real-life governments can be “dystopian” – as in, looking a lot like the fiction.

Defining a dystopia starts with establishing the characteristics of good governance. A good government protects its citizens in a noncoercive way. It is the body best positioned to prepare for and guard against natural and human-made horrors.

Good governments use what’s called “ legitimate coercion ,” legal force to which citizens agree to keep order and provide services like roads, schools and national security. Think of legitimate coercion as your willingness to stop at a red light, knowing it’s better for you and others in the long run.

No government is perfect, but there are ways of judging the imperfection. Good governments (those least imperfect) include a strong core of democratic elements to check the powerful and create accountability. They also include constitutional and judicial measures to check the power of the majority. This setup acknowledges the need for government but evidences healthy skepticism of giving too much power to any one person or body.

Federalism , the division of power between national and subnational governments, is a further check. It has proved useful lately, with state governors and mayors emerging as strong political players during COVID-19.

Three kinds of dystopias

Bad governments lack checks and balances, and rule in the interest of the rulers rather than the people. Citizens can’t participate in their own governance. But dystopian governments are a special kind of bad; they use illegitimate coercion like force, threats and the “disappearing” of dissidents to stay in power.

Our book catalogs three major dystopia types, based on the presence – or absence – of a functioning state and how much power it has.

There are, as in Orwell’s “1984,” overly powerful governments that infringe on individual lives and liberties. These are authoritarian states, run by dictators or powerful groups, like a single party or corporate-governance entity. Examples of these governments abound, including Assad’s murderously repressive regime in Syria and the silencing of dissent and journalism in Russia.

The great danger of these is, as our country’s Founding Fathers knew quite well, too much power on the part of any one person or group limits the options and autonomy of the masses.

Then there are dystopic states that seem nonauthoritarian but still take away basic human rights through market forces; we call these “capitocracies.” Individual workers and consumers are often exploited by the political-industrial complex, and the environment and other public goods suffer. A great fictional example is Wall-E by Pixar (2008), in which the U.S. president is also CEO of “Buy ‘N Large,” a multinational corporation controlling the economy.

There are not perfect real-life examples of this, but elements are visible in the chaebol – family business – power in South Korea, and in various manifestations of corporate political power in the U.S, including deregulation , corporate personhood status and big-company bailouts .

Lastly there are state-of-nature dystopias, usually resulting from the collapse of a failed government. The resulting territory reverts to a primitive feudalism, ungoverned except for small tribal-held fiefdoms where individual dictators rule with impunity. The Citadel versus Gastown in the stunning 2015 movie “Mad Max: Fury Road” is a good fictional depiction. A real-life example was seen in the once barely governed Somalia , where, for almost 20 years until 2012, as a U.N. official described it, “armed warlords (were) fighting each other on a clan basis.”

Fiction and real life

Indeed, political dystopia is often easier to see using the lens of fiction, which exaggerates behaviors, trends and patterns to make them more visible.

But behind the fiction there is always a real-world correlate. Orwell had Stalin, Franco and Hitler very much in mind when writing “1984.”

Atwood, whom literary critics call the “ prophet of dystopia ,” recently defined dystopia as when “[W]arlords and demagogues take over, some people forget that all people are people, enemies are created, vilified and dehumanized, minorities are persecuted, and human rights as such are shoved to the wall.”

Some of this may be, as Atwood added , the “cusp of where we are living now.”

But the U.S. is not a dystopia. It still has functioning democratic institutions. Many in the U.S. fight against dehumanization and persecution of minorities. Courts are adjudicating cases. Legislatures are passing bills. Congress has not adjourned , nor has the fundamental right of habeas corpus – the protection against illegal detention by the state – (yet) been suspended .

Crisis as opportunity

And still. One frequent warning is that a major crisis can cover for the rolling back of democracy and curtailing of freedoms. In Atwood’s “The Handmaid’s Tale,” a medical crisis is the pretext for suspending the Constitution.

In real life, too, crises facilitate authoritarian backsliding. In Hungary the pandemic has sped democracy’s unraveling. The legislature gave strongman Prime Minister Viktor Orban the power to rule by sole decree indefinitely , the lower courts are suspended and free speech is restricted.

Similar dangers exist in any number of countries where democratic institutions are frayed or fragile; leaders with authoritarian tendencies may be tempted to leverage the crisis to consolidate power.

But there are also positive signs for democracy.

People are coming together in ways that didn’t seem possible just a few months ago. This social capital is an important element in a democracy.

Ordinary people are performing incredible acts of kindness and generosity – from shopping for neighbors to serenading residents at a nursing home to a mass movement to sew facemasks .

In politics, Wisconsin primary voters risked their lives to exercise their right to vote during the height of the pandemic. Citizens and civil society are pushing federal and state governments to ensure election safety and integrity in the remaining primaries and the November election.

Despite the eerie silence in public spaces, despite the preventable deaths that should weigh heavily on the consciences of public officials, even despite the authoritarian tendencies of too many leaders, the U.S. is not a dystopia – yet.

Overuse clouds the word’s meaning. Fictional dystopias warn of preventable futures; those warnings can help avert the actual demise of democracy.

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• George Orwell
• 1984 (novel)
• The Lego Movie
• Authoritarianism
• The Hunger Games
• Mad Max: Fury Road
• Viktor Orbán
• Margaret Atwood
• The Handmaid's Tale

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The Rise of Dystopian Fiction: From Soviet Dissidents to 70’s Paranoia to Murakami

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Charting the wild progress of literature’s genre-of-the-moment.

George Orwell is back in vogue these days — a far cry from 2014, when The Guardian was debating whether or not 1984 was good bad or bad good fiction . In January this year, 1984 shot up the bestseller charts, and the trail doesn’t just go cold there. Soon joining it at the top were 1984 ’s old dystopian buddies, Brave New World and It Can’t Happen Here ; in the meantime, sales of The Handmaid’s Tale were up 30 percent in 2016.

We are re-reading these past giants of the genre, even though we’re used to the idea of dystopia in our pop culture by now. (Credit where credit’s due: The Hunger Games was something of a big factor.) Yet the dystopian novel — as we know it, in its full totalitarian glory — is itself a relatively new phenomenon. Before 1900, only the British satirist Jonathan Swift wrote books that could, with one eye squinted, be called dystopian. So when did dystopias and dystopian themes start taking off in modern fiction? And is there a pattern to their rise and fall throughout the past?

First, there was the concept of utopia, the yin to dystopia’s yang. The former sprung from the mind of Sir Thomas More, who wrote Utopia in 1516. Ironically, More possessed serious reservations about the existence of utopias. (The word itself could be a pun, derived from the Greek word u-topos (“no place”) and also eu-topos (“good place”) . Such a good place, More seemed to reason, was not anything we knew, and so it must not exist.)

If a utopia is a place that’s too good to exist, a dystopia is a place that we certainly don’t want to exist.

Today, we can define dystopia as “an imagined place or state in which everything is unpleasant or bad, typically a totalitarian or environmentally degraded one” ( OED , 2017). The first public usage goes all the way back to John Stuart Mill in 1868. In a speech to the House of Commons, Mill said, “It is, perhaps, too complimentary to call them Utopians, they ought rather to be called dys-topians, or caco-topians” (‘cacotopia’ was relegated to the Wastepaper Basket of History). But it wasn’t until about 50 years afterward, when authors made the word their own, that the idea of dystopia began to actually take root in the public consciousness.

1920s & 30s: Defining The Genre

Perhaps it makes sense that the modern dystopian novel emerged at the turn of the 20th century. It was a time of political unrest and global anxiety, with two world wars awaiting in the near future. Jack London’s 1908 novel Iron Heel was said to be a remarkable prophecy of the impending international tensions that would give way to World War I. Yet we don’t see dystopian fiction becoming a more defined genre until the publication of Yevgeny Zamyatin’s slender We in 1921.

Before We , fiction about an “ideal” society (with the exception of H.G. Wells and London) tended to end utopian. After We , the genre took a grim downturn (or upturn, depending on which way you’re squinting). We set up many of the tropes that would come to dominate dystopian fiction. These included troubled, unresolved endings (very fun!) and a totalitarian government gone mad.

Also importantly, Zamyatin’s book greatly influenced two fictional works that tower over the rest of the genre to this day: Orwell’s 1984 and Aldous Huxley’s 1939 Brave New World . Both were written in the shadow of a world war. Both predicted an even darker future. Admittedly, the worlds within these two dystopian novels differ vastly, and the influences that Orwell and Huxley feared were not the same. According to critic Neil Postman :

“What Orwell feared were those who would ban books. What Huxley feared was that there would be no reason to ban a book, for there would be no one who wanted to read one. Orwell feared those who would deprive us of information. Huxley feared those who would give us so much that we would be reduced to passivity and egotism. Orwell feared that the truth would be concealed from us. Huxley feared the truth would be drowned in a sea of irrelevance. Orwell feared we would become a captive culture. Huxley feared we would become a trivial culture, preoccupied with some equivalent of the feelies, the orgy porgy, and the centrifugal bumble puppy.

In short, Orwell feared that what we fear will ruin us. Huxley feared that our desire will ruin us.”

But the stage for the genre was set, in spite of any differences. In this early crop of dystopian fiction, we can see the themes over which future novels would continue to obsess: political capital, the meaning of free will, and, perhaps most significantly, fear of the state and the unchecked power of government.

Prominent Dystopian Fiction from the Era

• Brave New World

In Huxley’s colossally chilling vision, people come to adore the very authorities that undo their capacities for thought. Half of the Big 2.

Whereas Huxley’s dystopia is based upon affluence and pleasure, Orwell’s 1984 is just gray totalitarianism: a towering cross-examination of government surveillance, information, and the meaning of freedom. Gave rise to the concept of Big Brother. Half of the Big 2.

An often unacknowledged father of modern-day dystopian novels, Yevgeny Zamyatin’s We predated both Orwell and Huxley, and inspired Brave New World.

• It Can’t Happen Here

A semi-satirical novel that experienced renewed popularity after 2016. It Can’t Happen Here was written in 1935 and predicted a fascist America under the control of a dictator.

1950s and 60s: War And Tech

OK, we’re out of the woods of World War II, you say. Time to breathe a sigh of relief! Surely, post-war optimism means that authors are going to start cheering up, right?

Sorry. This chart from Goodreads says, nope!

Political commentary shouldered many of the dystopian themes that emerged from the end of the war. And World War II fueled the prospect of World War III and apocalypses. (See: Kurt Vonnegut’s classic Player Piano in 1952 and Philip K. Dick’s 1964 The Penultimate Truth. ) We do differentiate between apocalyptic fiction and dystopian fiction — but there’s always a fair bit of crossover when crumbling societies and their governments are involved.

Incidentally, it was during this time that authors’ growing suspicion of technology bubbled to the surface. Some major technological advances during this time included:

• the inception of the Turing test (a test for intelligence in computers)
• the creation of Sputnik I
• the invention of the first personal computer

As a result, dystopian novels began to cross paths more regularly with science fiction worldbuilding , such as in Dick’s 1968 novel, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?

After witnessing war, authors grew particularly concerned with totalitarian governments’ ability to regulate the arts. One of the most popular examples continues to be Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 , which breathes into awfully vivid life the possibility of a future in which books are burned. (Today, Fahrenheit 451 is banned in many schools in the United States, and so one cannot say that real life does not possess a solid sense of irony.)

• A Clockwork Orange

The brainwash of an ultraviolent youth in A Clockwork Orange ’s dystopian but complacent society allows author Anthony Burgess to pose this question: “Is it better for a man to have chosen evil than to have good imposed upon him?”

• Player Piano

Internet thinkpieces about machines presiding over the future are nowhere near as grim as Vonnegut’s Player Piano , set in a class-divided society after World War III.

• Make Room! Make Room!

A classic novel of overpopulation. In a crime-ravaged New York City, food is scarce and the government is rationing portions of a mysterious substance they call “Soylent Green.”

• Fahrenheit 451

You wonder: why the title, Fahrenheit 451 ? It’s the temperature at which the paper of books catches fire. In Ray Bradbury’s world, all books are banned — and burned.

• Do Androids Dream Of Electric Sheep?

In which a man who increasingly wonders about the difference between people and androids he must kill. Also the inspiration behind 1982’s Blade Runner .

1970s-1990s: Corporations and Poisoned Bodies

While the volume of dystopian fiction declined for a period entering the 1970s, the variance within the genre broadened. If the genre reflects our fears back to us, then in the 1970s we see the public moving past a perpetual fear of war to explore new meadows. Environmental crises dominated the conversation (the Clean Air Act was only passed in 1980) while the onslaught of advertising, misgivings over the body, and economic stagnation ushered in a new era of cynicism.

It was a catalyst for quite a few dystopian classics that took the genre in brilliant new directions.

The Handmaid’s Tale , a book in which women’s bodies are nothing more than reproductive machines, shook the world when it was published in 1985.

Cyperpunk was born out of William Gibson’s 1984 Neuromancer .

Private corporations became a wellspring of repression and public enemy #1 alongside totalitarian governments in many dystopian novels, such as Neal Stephenson’s Snow Crash .

And meanwhile, black satire became all the more pronounced in the genre, as José Saramago showed in the Blindness and its sequel Seeing , which both use an omniscient narrator to great effect.

Perhaps most notably, in 1994, Lois Lowry quietly published The Giver . A slender book about a community in the future that doesn’t feel pain anymore, The Giver was a dystopian novel for young adults before the breed was cool. It built upon past traditions of adult dystopian fiction while managing to popularize the genre among young adult readers. This would be significant because of what would occur in the next decade or so…

“A world without color — fantastic!” said no-one ever. Yet people embrace this society within The Giver , which asks what a world with Sameness really is: a dystopia in sheep’s skin.

• Mockingbird

About a robot’s death wish in a world where people don’t possess the ability — and, worse, the desire — to read.

Saramago uses a third-person omniscient narrator and an ever more ominous tone to create this chilling and ultimately bewildering work about a society suddenly afflicted by blindness.

• Neuromancer

The dystopian world found in this romping science fiction novel was one of the first to introduce cyberpunk to society, capturing first-time novelist William Gibson the Hugo, the Nebula, and the Philip K. Dick Award in 1984.

• The Handmaid’s Tale

A vision of a dystopia steeped in gender discrimination, The Handmaid’s Tale was giving folks the shivers decades before it became a popular television show on Hulu.

The Turn Of The Millennium: Youth Betrayed

Today, dystopian fiction is predominantly associated with the young adult genre. Young adult dystopian series —  Maze Runner , Divergent , Ready Player One , among countless more — dominate the shelves, bleeding into Hollywood. The Divergent films alone grossed over $700 million in box office receipts worldwide.

How did we reach this point? In big part, it’s due to The Hunger Games , as the trend that The Giver began exploded in popularity among young adults with the publication of Suzanne Collins’ series. In dystopian fiction, young adult readers can find a tangle of themes to identify with: themes of self-discovery, of one young person pitted against the whole terrible world. Overall, the rise in dystopian novels since 2000 is said to be a symptom of the pooling anxieties that followed 9/11 and other troubling geopolitical events.

But The Hunger Games still managed to change many aspects of the game. In an essay, the AV Club   noted :

The Giver comes from what seems to be a lost tradition in dystopian storytelling. It used to be okay for genetics to eventually yield an individual who wants to break free from societal homogeny, and choose to escape that oppression to a safer community. Now, merely escaping isn’t enough — dystopian-thriller protagonists must learn brutally militaristic tactics and enact violence that brings tyranny crumbling down in increasingly bloody action sequences.

And so in today’s crop of dystopian fiction, the stakes are bigger than ever. Continuing in a proud tradition, they carry on vindicating the definition of a dystopia: a worst possible world. But what each of them (sometimes) offers is a brief, shining belief that such a world can be fixed. And now, the resurgence of sales for books such as 1984 and Brave New World shows that a vast contingent of us continue to turn towards the genre for comfort, or answers.

Prominent Dystopian Fiction from the Era:

• Hunger Games

A part of the trilogy that ends with Mockingjay , Hunger Games needs no introduction anymore. Except this: may the odds be with you when you read it.

• Ready Player One

Like MMORPGs? You perhaps won’t be such a fan of them after you read Ready Player One, which won the Alex Award from the American Library Association and the 2012 Prometheus Award.

(Un)coincidentally, 1Q84 is only one number removed from George Orwell’s 1984. Once called the dystopian novel to end all dystopian novels, this winding epic is a feat of brilliant imagination that only Murakami could’ve conjured.

• Super Sad True Love Story

In the background of a burgeoning romance between a Korean-American and a Russian, America teeters on the brink of economic collapse and consumerism threatens to overwhelm all.

Who says you’re ugly? This book does. Uglies turns a very dystopian eye upon plastic surgery: in this future, when you turn 16, you get an operation to turn “pretty.”

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Dystopian Fiction in a Changing World: Reflecting Society’s Fears and Hopes

By Corrine Asbell

Updated November 12, 2023

Dystopian fiction has long been a compelling and thought-provoking genre in literature, offering a glimpse into possible dark futures. 

In a world where technological advancements and societal shifts shape our daily lives, dystopian fiction serves as a mirror reflecting our fears, hopes, and the consequences of our actions. 

This genre enables us to explore the implications of our choices and contemplate the potential dystopias that could arise from them.

Dystopian fiction is more than a collection of dark tales—it is a testament to the enduring power of storytelling as a vehicle for reflection, critique, and change. 

It is a genre that transcends time and place, speaking to the very core of our human condition, resonating with our deepest fears and our most cherished hopes.

These narratives, though often dark and unsettling, ultimately offer a glimmer of hope—a reminder that the future is not predetermined, and it is within our power to shape it for the better through informed choices and collective action. 

In the face of these existential challenges, dystopian fiction challenges us to confront our vulnerabilities and take meaningful steps toward building a more sustainable and just world.

Technology and Loss of Humanity

Social justice and equality.

• Dystopian Fiction as Society's Mirror

Legacy and Lasting Impact:

• Metropolis (1927) 

Metro Series (2005 – present)

• The Man in the High Castle (2015 – 2019) 

East of West (2013-2019)

Navigating the tomorrow of dystopian fiction, the roots of dystopian fiction.

The term “dystopia” is a direct descendant of the word “utopia,” which was coined by Sir Thomas More in his 1516 work of the same name. 

Utopia envisioned an ideal society, where harmony, justice, and prosperity reigned. 

However, it is within the context of this utopian vision that the seeds of dystopian thought were first sown.

As More described the perfect society, he simultaneously critiqued the flaws and excesses of his own time. 

This paradoxical juxtaposition of the ideal and the flawed would become a hallmark of dystopian fiction. 

More’s work set the stage for the emergence of dystopian literature by prompting writers to question the very foundations of their societies.

Jonathan Swift, in his 1726 masterpiece Gulliver’s Travels , expanded upon More’s satirical approach to societal critique. 

In the book’s fourth voyage to the land of the Houyhnhnms, Swift introduced a society of rational horses and irrational humans, painting a darkly satirical picture of human folly.

This satirical strand within dystopian fiction highlighted the genre’s capacity to scrutinize the human condition and the absurdities of society. 

Swift’s work demonstrated that dystopian narratives could serve as powerful vehicles for social commentary, a theme that would persist throughout the genre’s history.

The 19th century ushered in an era of rapid industrialization and urbanization, and the anxieties and uncertainties accompanying these transformations found their way into literature. 

One of the earliest modern dystopian works, 1872’s Erewhon by Samuel Butler, explored the potential dangers of unchecked technological progress and societal conformity.

But it was in the 20th century that dystopian fiction truly came into its own. The devastating events of World Wars, totalitarian regimes, and the threat of nuclear annihilation provided fertile ground for dystopian narratives. 

George Orwell’s 1984 , released in 1949 and 1932’s Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World , remain iconic examples of this period, offering chilling visions of oppressive surveillance states and dehumanizing technological societies.

The Cold War era, with its geopolitical tensions and nuclear brinkmanship, fueled further exploration of dystopian themes. 

Writers like Philip K. Dick, in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? , pondered the blurred lines between humans and machines, while Kurt Vonnegut, in Player Piano , examined the dehumanizing effects of automation.

As the 20th century gave way to the 21st, dystopian fiction continued to evolve. 

Authors increasingly turned their attention to environmental concerns, political polarization, and the ethical dilemmas of emerging technologies. 

Works like Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale and Cormac McCarthy’s The Road grappled with issues of reproductive rights and post-apocalyptic survival, respectively.

Dystopia as a Reflection of Society

Fast forward to the present day, and the dystopian genre has evolved to reflect our contemporary fears and hopes. 

Climate change, overpopulation, artificial intelligence, and genetic engineering are among the key themes explored in modern dystopian fiction. 

Authors grapple with the implications of these issues and craft narratives that compel readers to consider the potential outcomes if we fail to address them.

Climate Change 

Among the paramount concerns addressed in modern dystopian fiction, climate change stands at the forefront. 

As the specter of rising global temperatures, extreme weather events, and ecological disasters looms large in our collective consciousness, authors have seized upon this existential threat to craft narratives that serve as stark warnings. 

Works like The Water Knife and The Windup Girl both by Paolo Bacigalupi envisage worlds where climate chaos has wreaked havoc, pushing humanity to the brink of survival. 

These dystopian visions compel readers to confront the harrowing consequences of inaction, deforestation, and pollution, while simultaneously urging us to take immediate and decisive action to mitigate the impending crisis.

Societal Inequality and Oppression

Societal inequality and oppression are persistent issues, and dystopian fiction continues to shed light on them. 

Works like The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins and Red Mars by Kim Stanley Robinson delve into class struggles, power imbalances, and the consequences of unchecked authority. 

These narratives serve as cautionary tales, urging readers to question and challenge existing power structures.

Overpopulation

In a world where the global population continues to swell, the theme of overpopulation has become increasingly pertinent. 

Dystopian authors grapple with the idea of resource scarcity, overburdened infrastructure, and the erosion of personal freedoms in overcrowded societies. 

The Children of Men by P.D. James explores a world where infertility has led to societal collapse, emphasizing the fragility of the human condition when faced with dwindling resources and an ever-expanding populace. 

These narratives compel readers to contemplate the importance of responsible family planning and sustainable population growth.

Artificial Intelligence 

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence has given rise to a wealth of ethical and existential questions. 

Modern dystopian fiction delves into the implications of AI on our lives, privacy, and autonomy. 

Works like Neuromancer by William Gibson and I, Robot by Isaac Asimov envision worlds where AI systems exert immense control over human existence, raising concerns about the consequences of ceding too much power to machines. 

These narratives serve as cautionary tales, prompting readers to consider the ethical boundaries of AI development and the importance of maintaining human agency in an increasingly automated world.

Genetic Engineering

The potential for genetic engineering to reshape the very essence of humanity is a subject ripe for exploration in dystopian literature. 

In Huxley’s Brave New World, the manipulation of genetics and the conditioning of individuals for societal roles are central themes, portraying a future where the boundaries of human nature have been blurred and individuality has been sacrificed in the pursuit of societal stability. 

These narratives force readers to reflect on the ethical dilemmas surrounding genetic engineering and the consequences of tampering with the essence of life itself.

The rapid advancement of technology is another major theme in contemporary dystopian fiction. 

Authors envision futures where artificial intelligence, automation, and cybernetics dominate, potentially leading to a loss of humanity and personal autonomy. 

Books like Neuromancer and Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? explore the boundaries of humanity and the ethical dilemmas posed by advancing technology.

Dystopian Fiction: Catalyst for Change

Dystopian fiction, with its bleak portrayals of nightmarish futures, has long been regarded as more than just a genre of literature. 

It is a powerful force for reflection, critique, and transformation in society. 

Through its imaginative and often unsettling narratives, dystopian fiction has played a vital role in shaping public discourse, catalyzing social change, and prompting individuals to reevaluate their beliefs and actions. 

Challenging the Status Quo

One of the fundamental roles of dystopian fiction is to challenge the status quo. 

By presenting readers with nightmarish visions of the future, it encourages them to question the current state of affairs and consider the potential consequences of inaction or complacency. 

Dystopian narratives often depict oppressive governments, societal inequalities, and the erosion of personal freedoms. 

These depictions serve as a call to arms, urging readers to take a critical look at their own societies and advocate for change.

Orwell’s 1984 is a classic example of dystopian fiction that challenged the status quo. 

It introduced readers to the concept of “Big Brother” and a surveillance state where privacy and individuality were obliterated. 

The novel inspired discussions about government surveillance, propaganda, and the importance of safeguarding civil liberties. 

It prompted readers to become more vigilant about protecting their freedoms and holding those in power accountable.

Environmental Awareness

In an era marked by growing environmental concerns, dystopian fiction has become a platform for raising awareness about the consequences of environmental degradation and climate change. 

These narratives vividly depict worlds ravaged by ecological disasters, resource scarcity, and the collapse of ecosystems. 

By immersing readers in these dystopian landscapes, authors compel them to confront the urgent need for environmental stewardship and sustainable practices.

McCarthy’s The Road paints a grim picture of a post-apocalyptic world devastated by an unnamed catastrophe. 

The novel’s desolate setting and harrowing journey of survival underscore the fragility of the natural world and the consequences of ecological neglect. 

It serves as a poignant reminder of the importance of preserving our environment and mitigating the impacts of climate change.

Ethical Dilemmas in Technology

As technology continues to advance at an unprecedented pace, dystopian fiction explores the ethical dilemmas and potential pitfalls of unchecked technological innovation. 

These narratives delve into themes such as artificial intelligence, surveillance technology, and genetic engineering, forcing readers to grapple with the implications of rapid technological progress.

Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? raises profound questions about the nature of humanity and the ethics of creating lifelike androids. 

The novel challenges readers to consider the moral implications of creating intelligent beings and the consequences of treating them as disposable commodities. 

It has sparked discussions about the ethical boundaries of technology and the responsibilities of creators and consumers alike.

Dystopian fiction often serves as a vehicle for exploring issues of social justice and equality. 

These narratives depict societies plagued by discrimination, oppression, and power imbalances. 

By portraying the consequences of such injustices, dystopian fiction compels readers to examine their own societies and advocate for greater equity and inclusivity.

The Handmaid’s Tale presents a dystopian world where women are subjugated and stripped of their rights. 

The novel has become a symbol of feminist literature and a rallying point for discussions about gender equality, reproductive rights, and the importance of defending individual liberties.

Dystopian fiction is a genre that explores imagined societies characterized by oppressive societal control, often portraying a bleak and dehumanizing future. 

These narratives serve as cautionary tales, warning against the dangers of unchecked power, societal manipulation, and the erosion of fundamental human rights. 

Comparative Analysis of Dystopian Fiction

By examining the nuances within iconic dystopian literature we aim to uncover the common threads that bind these works while illuminating their unique contributions to the exploration of human nature, societal structures, and the fragility of human freedom in imagined, often troubling, futures.

These narratives depict societies marked by oppression, societal control, and the erosion of fundamental human rights, each presenting a cautionary tale warning against the dangers of unchecked power. 

1984 and Brave New World

Both 1984 and Brave New World are seminal dystopian novels that envision future societies, but they portray contrasting totalitarian worlds and highlight different aspects of control and societal structure.

1984 is a grim portrayal of a totalitarian regime where the government, led by Big Brother, exercises omnipresent surveillance and control.

The society is ruled by fear, propaganda, and strict regulation of thoughts and behaviors.

The Party manipulates truth and history, employing tactics such as Newspeak to control language and restrict freedom of expression.

The protagonist, Winston Smith, rebels against this oppressive regime, which ultimately crushes individuality and enforces conformity through brutal methods.

On the other hand, Brave New World presents a society that is controlled through pleasure, conditioning, and biological engineering rather than overt oppression.

Citizens are conditioned from birth to fit into specific societal roles and are kept content through a drug called Soma, which induces euphoria.

This world operates on the premise of stability, achieved by eliminating emotions like love, passion, and individual desires.

The protagonist, Bernard Marx, rebels against the superficial happiness and the lack of personal autonomy, leading to conflict within the rigid societal structure.

While both novels explore the dangers of extreme control and the loss of individual freedoms, their approaches differ.

1984 emphasizes the control of the mind through fear and manipulation, whereas Brave New World focuses on controlling society through pleasure and conditioning, effectively suppressing dissent by fulfilling desires rather than imposing fear.

Furthermore, 1984 portrays a society under perpetual war and constant surveillance, where truth is malleable, and the government’s power is derived from overt oppression.

In contrast, Brave New World presents a stable society that is superficially peaceful, where control is exerted through conditioning and the satisfaction of material desires, leading to the suppression of individuality without the need for constant surveillance or fear tactics.

While both novels present dystopian visions of future societies, 1984 emphasizes overt control and fear, whereas Brave New World highlights the dangers of a society controlled by pleasure and conditioning, ultimately leading to the loss of individuality and freedom.

The Handmaid’s Tale and Fahrenheit 451 

The Handmaid’s Tale and Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury are both dystopian novels that examine oppressive societies, but they explore different aspects of control, censorship, and the consequences of totalitarian rule.

In The Handmaid’s Tale, Atwood presents a world where religious fundamentalism has taken over the government, creating a society that subjugates women’s rights and freedoms.

The protagonist, Offred, lives in a theocratic regime where women are valued only for their reproductive capabilities.

The government enforces control over women’s bodies, and fertile women are forced to bear children for the ruling class.

The narrative exposes the brutal suppression of individuality and the subjugation of women through the systematic removal of their rights.

On the other hand, in Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury portrays a society where books are banned, and intellectualism is suppressed.

The protagonist, Guy Montag, is a fireman whose job is to burn books, considered illegal in this dystopian world.

The government controls the population by limiting access to knowledge and promoting mindless entertainment, leading to a society where critical thinking is discouraged.

The novel explores the consequences of a society that prioritizes immediate gratification and entertainment over intellectual growth and critical thinking.

While both novels examine control and censorship, The Handmaid’s Tale focuses on the subjugation of a specific group (women) in a totalitarian regime where religious ideology is exploited for political control.

Contrastingly, Fahrenheit 451 concentrates on the broader suppression of knowledge and intellectual freedom, revealing the consequences of a society where books and intellectual pursuits are forbidden.

The Handmaid’s Tale delves deeply into the personal experiences of one woman trapped in a repressive society, exploring the emotional and psychological effects of oppression on an individual.

In contrast, Fahrenheit 451 explores the broader societal implications of a world devoid of intellectual freedom, portraying the consequences on humanity as a whole, and the dangers of a society devoid of critical thinking and reflection.

While both novels explore the themes of control and suppression, The Handmaid’s Tale emphasizes the subjugation of women in a theocratic regime, while Fahrenheit 451 focuses on the broader implications of a society devoid of intellectual freedom and the consequences of a culture that devalues books and critical thinking.

The Hunger Games and The Giver 

Both The Hunger Games trilogy and The Giver are young adult dystopian novels that examine societies controlled by authoritarian rule and restrictions.

While they share common themes, they present contrasting worlds and explore different facets of control and societal structure.

In The Hunger Games, the narrative is set in a dystopian future where the ruling Capitol maintains control over twelve districts through an annual televised event known as the Hunger Games.

These games involve children fighting to the death as a form of entertainment and a method of asserting the Capitol’s dominance.

The trilogy focuses on the protagonist, Katniss Everdeen, who challenges the oppressive regime and becomes a symbol of rebellion against the Capitol’s tyranny.

The series addresses themes of inequality, survival, and the power of individual resistance against an authoritarian regime.

On the other hand, The Giver presents a society where emotions, memories, and individual choices are suppressed in the pursuit of stability and control.

The protagonist, Jonas, is selected as the Receiver of Memory and learns about the true nature of the seemingly utopian community.

The book explores the consequences of suppressing emotions and the value of individual experiences, memories, and choices in a controlled society.

While The Hunger Games focuses on overt control and rebellion, The Giver delves into the dangers of a society that suppresses emotions and memories to achieve a false sense of harmony.

Both novels examine the consequences of a controlled society, but The Hunger Games emphasizes the rebellion against a government that uses violent spectacles for control, while The Giver explores the dangers of a society that eradicates emotions and individual experiences for the sake of stability.

Furthermore, The Hunger Games showcases the power of individual defiance and revolution, while The Giver centers on the value of individuality and emotions in a world seeking to eradicate them for the perceived greater good.

While both novels address the themes of control and rebellion, The Hunger Games focuses on a society driven by oppressive entertainment and individual defiance, whereas The Giver explores a seemingly harmonious world that suppresses emotions and individual experiences, raising questions about the true cost of such control over humanity.

Dystopian Fiction as Society’s Mirror

While these dystopian works vary in their portrayals of oppressive societies and the means of control, they collectively serve as mirrors to reflect on the dangers of unchecked power, societal manipulation, and the erosion of human freedoms. 

Each narrative offers a unique perspective on the human condition and the potential consequences of societal extremes.

The Enduring Impact of Dystopian Literature

Dystopian literature has long served as a mirror reflecting society’s deepest fears, provoking critical thought and igniting discussions about the potential consequences of unchecked power and societal control. 

Several major works in this genre, upon their publication, not only captured the imagination of readers but also left an indelible mark on society, influencing cultural conversations and leaving a lasting legacy.

Upon its release, 1984 sparked both awe and apprehension. 

Orwell’s depiction of a totalitarian regime, employing surveillance, thought control, and the manipulation of truth, struck a chord in the post-World War II era. 

Readers and critics alike were alarmed by the novel’s bleak portrayal of a future marked by government oppression. 

The themes of surveillance, propaganda, and the erosion of truth resonated deeply, especially during the Cold War era.

The book’s impact has been profound and enduring. 

Phrases like “Big Brother is watching” and concepts such as “Newspeak” have entered the cultural lexicon. 

The novel remains a touchstone for discussions on government overreach, surveillance, and the manipulation of information, continuing to warn against the dangers of authoritarianism.

Brave New World

Brave New World was received with mixed reviews upon its release. 

Some critics found its vision of a future society, governed by pleasure, conditioning, and the suppression of individuality, as too dystopian and lacking hope. 

Yet, the book gained traction for its exploration of a world controlled through hedonism and conformity.

Over time, its influence has grown significantly. 

Huxley’s portrayal of a society inundated with distractions and superficial pleasures has striking parallels with modern consumer culture. 

The novel remains a pivotal work, addressing issues related to mass production, the dehumanization of society, and the consequences of sacrificing individuality for stability.

The Handmaid’s Tale 

The Handmaid’s Tale was met with critical acclaim for its chilling depiction of a theocratic dystopia where women’s rights were stripped away. 

The novel reverberated with readers, particularly in the context of ongoing debates about women’s rights and fundamentalist movements.

The book’s legacy continues to be felt in ongoing discussions about reproductive rights, gender equality, and the dangers of religious fundamentalism. 

Its adaptation into a highly successful television series further expanded its influence, revitalizing conversations about women’s autonomy and the fragility of human rights in times of societal upheaval.

Fahrenheit 451

Fahrenheit 451 received a mixed reception upon publication. 

While some praised its cautionary tale about a society that burns books to suppress knowledge and independent thought, others found it overly pessimistic.

Nonetheless, the novel’s significance has endured. 

It remains a cornerstone in discussions about censorship, the freedom of expression, and the impact of technology on society. 

As the world becomes increasingly digitized, Bradbury’s warning about the dangers of a society that forsakes critical thinking and intellectual curiosity is more relevant than ever.

Collectively, these dystopian works have left their mark on literature and society. 

They have served as cautionary tales, prompting readers to contemplate the consequences of unchecked authority, social control, and the erosion of fundamental human rights.

Their enduring legacies lie in their ability to provoke ongoing discourse about issues such as government surveillance, censorship, reproductive rights, individual autonomy, and the power of information. 

These works continue to resonate with audiences, reminding us of the importance of vigilance and the preservation of our essential liberties in an ever-changing world.

As the societal landscape evolves, the warnings and insights offered by these dystopian masterpieces remain as relevant and powerful as they were at the time of their publication.

Dystopian Stories in Other Media

Dystopian fiction, with its haunting portrayals of troubled and often nightmarish futures, has become a compelling and thought-provoking genre across various forms of entertainment. 

From the eerie landscapes of video games to the immersive storytelling in television shows and the captivating visuals of movies, dystopian narratives have flourished, offering audiences a chilling glimpse into imagined worlds fraught with societal collapse, oppressive regimes, and the struggle for survival.

Exploring Iconic Dystopian Films

Dystopian films offer audiences a glimpse into bleak, imagined futures, often reflecting societal fears, oppressive regimes, and the consequences of unchecked power. 

These movies captivate audiences through vivid visuals, compelling narratives, and thought-provoking themes. 

Blade Runner (1982) 

In Ridley Scott’s visionary masterpiece, the dystopian landscape of future Los Angeles serves as a haunting backdrop to a narrative that delves into the complexities of human nature and artificial intelligence.

As the replicants rebel against their preordained roles, the film prompts viewers to reflect on the very essence of what it means to be human.

The portrayal of these synthetic beings challenges conventional notions of identity, blurring the lines between humanity and machinery.

The replicants, created to serve specific purposes, grapple with their own moral dilemmas, questioning the ethical implications of their existence and the actions they undertake in their pursuit of autonomy.

The narrative unfolds as a moral maze, forcing both characters and audience alike to confront the consequences of technological advancements that bring about sentient beings capable of emotions, desires, and moral agency.

At its core, Blade Runner serves as a cautionary tale, a reflection on the potential ramifications of unrestrained technological progress.

The film compels us to ponder not only the ethical considerations surrounding the creation of artificial life but also the moral responsibility that comes with pushing the boundaries of what it means to play the role of a creator.

The Matrix (1999) 

The Wachowskis’ groundbreaking film presents a mesmerizing journey through the rabbit hole of reality, challenging the very fabric of our perception.

At the heart of the narrative is a hacker’s awakening to the unsettling truth that the world as humans know it is a meticulously crafted illusion, orchestrated by sentient machines to subdue the masses.

This revelation serves as the catalyst for a riveting exploration of reality itself, questioning the nature of existence, consciousness, and the profound implications of living in a simulated reality.

As the protagonist grapples with the newfound awareness of the simulated world, the film unfolds into a philosophical odyssey that delves into the concept of choice.

The characters navigate a complex interplay between fate and free will, raising profound questions about the authenticity of individual decisions within a preordained construct.

The Wachowskis weave a narrative that challenges viewers to contemplate the essence of agency in a world where choices may be as illusory as the reality they inhabit.

The Matrix transcends its genre boundaries, evolving into a cultural touchstone that resonates far beyond the realm of science fiction.

Its exploration of reality, choice, and the consequences of technological advancement reverberates through contemporary discourse on the ethical dimensions of emerging technologies.

The film’s influence extends into popular culture, where its iconic imagery and thought-provoking themes have left their mark, inviting audiences to question the nature of their own reality and the profound implications of the ever-advancing relationship between humanity and technology.

Children of Men (2006) 

Alfonso Cuarón’s film paints a stark and harrowing vision of a world on the brink of collapse in the face of global infertility.

Set against the backdrop of a dystopian future, the narrative unfolds with an impending sense of doom as humanity grapples with its own impending extinction.

The film becomes a poignant exploration of the fragility of life and the profound consequences of a society unable to sustain itself due to the loss of reproductive capabilities.

Cuarón crafts a hauntingly atmospheric world, where the remnants of civilization serve as a chilling reminder of what humanity stands to lose.

At the center of this dystopian drama is a man burdened with the responsibility of safeguarding a pregnant woman, a glimmer of hope in a world ravaged by despair.

The film delves into the intricacies of human relationships and the lengths to which individuals are willing to go to ensure the survival of the species.

Against the backdrop of a crumbling society, themes of hope and despair intertwine, creating a visceral and emotionally charged narrative that forces audiences to confront the dire consequences of a world teetering on the brink.

The value of new life takes on a profound significance in this desolate landscape, serving as a catalyst for introspection on the inherent resilience of the human spirit even in the face of seemingly insurmountable odds.

Cuarón’s film stands as a poignant meditation on the fragility of existence, the tenacity of hope, and the enduring power of life amid the shadows of impending extinction.

Mad Max: Fury Road (2015) 

George Miller’s adrenaline-fueled masterpiece thrusts audiences into a desolate post-apocalyptic world where the remnants of civilization are overshadowed by scarcity, chaos, and the ruthless grip of tyranny.

In this high-octane landscape, Miller crafts a narrative that unfolds like a relentless chase, a thrilling ballet of vehicular mayhem against a backdrop of arid desolation.

As the scarcity of resources becomes the catalyst for societal collapse, the film emerges as a visceral exploration of the brutal realities of survival and the lengths to which individuals are compelled to go in their pursuit of freedom.

At the heart of the chaos is Furiosa and Max, reluctant partners in a rebellion against a despotic ruler who hoards the scarce resources with an iron fist.

The characters become avatars of resistance, their journey a symbolic quest for redemption and a testament to the indomitable resilience of the human spirit in the face of oppression.

Miller masterfully weaves themes of survival and redemption into the fabric of the film, creating an action-packed narrative that transcends the typical conventions of the genre.

In this gritty and unforgiving world, the roar of engines becomes a symphony of defiance, echoing the enduring human instinct to fight against tyranny and forge a path toward a better, more liberated future.

Snowpiercer (2013)

In Bong Joon-ho ‘s thought-provoking film, the setting is a post-apocalyptic world where the last vestiges of humanity cling to survival aboard a perpetually moving train, hurtling through an icy, desolate landscape.

Snowpiercer transforms the train into a confined microcosm that mirrors the broader spectrum of societal complexities.

The train’s carriages become a symbol of social stratification, dividing its inhabitants into distinct classes that reflect the stark realities of inequality and oppression.

As the story unfolds within the claustrophobic confines of the train, it evolves into a riveting exploration of class struggle and the consequences of unchecked social disparity.

Bong Joon-ho skillfully navigates the intricacies of the train’s social structure, using it as a canvas to depict the struggles of those relegated to the lower classes.

The film becomes a powerful commentary on the systemic injustices that arise when power and resources are concentrated in the hands of a privileged few, while the majority grapple with the harsh consequences of their subjugation.

As the narrative hurtles forward, the characters within Snowpiercer embark on a perilous journey, not only physically traversing the length of the train but also metaphorically challenging the oppressive systems that govern their lives.

The film invites viewers to reflect on the broader implications of societal divisions, urging contemplation on the enduring consequences of inequality and the collective human pursuit of justice, even in the most confined and inhospitable environments.

Bong Joon-ho’s Snowpiercer stands as a stark and compelling testament to the enduring relevance of examining societal structures and the indomitable human spirit’s capacity to resist oppression and strive for a more equitable world.

Metropolis (1927) 

Fritz Lang’s groundbreaking silent film stands as a pioneer in the dystopian genre, a cinematic masterpiece that laid the foundation for exploring the dark undercurrents of futuristic societies.

Metropolis is a visual symphony that unfolds in a cityscape divided starkly between the opulence of the wealthy elite and the oppression of the working class.

Lang’s visionary direction and innovative use of special effects for the time create a hauntingly evocative portrayal of a society teetering on the precipice of its own contradictions.

Metropolis delves deep into the fissures of class struggle, offering a stark commentary on the societal consequences of unchecked industrialization and the widening gap between the privileged few and the oppressed masses.

The film’s narrative intricately weaves together the lives of the elite ruling class and the downtrodden workers, creating a vivid tapestry of social disparity and discord.

As towering skyscrapers and sprawling machinery dominate the landscape, Metropolis becomes a cautionary tale, foreshadowing the potential dehumanization wrought by rapid technological advancement and the callous neglect of those relegated to the margins.

Beyond its cinematic innovation, Lang’s Metropolis stands as a timeless exploration of themes that remain resonant to this day.

Its commentary on class struggle, the dehumanizing effects of industrialization, and the societal implications of stark inequality contribute to its enduring relevance, solidifying its place as an influential and thought-provoking work in the annals of cinematic history.

Iconic Dystopian Video Games

Dystopian video games offer players immersive experiences in worlds marked by societal collapse, oppressive governments, and the struggle for survival. 

These games provide interactive storytelling, allowing players to explore and navigate through troubling and often thought-provoking landscapes. Here are several iconic examples of dystopian video games that have left a significant impact on gaming and popular culture:

BioShock Series (2007 – 2013)

The BioShock games, set in the submerged and decaying city of Rapture, stands as a compelling exploration of the perils that accompany unbridled scientific ambition.

The underwater metropolis, envisioned by the game’s creators, becomes a haunting backdrop to a narrative that unfurls the consequences of playing god with science.

Rapture, once conceived as a utopia founded on radical individualism and unrestricted scientific progress, descends into chaos and ruin, offering players a front-row seat to the aftermath of unchecked ambition.

Within the submerged corridors of Rapture, BioShock delves into themes of societal collapse, morality, and the repercussions of extreme ideologies.

The game’s narrative unfolds against the backdrop of a retro-futuristic dystopia, blending elements of the past with a speculative vision of the future.

As players navigate the submerged city, they are confronted with the moral fallout of the inhabitants’ relentless pursuit of progress.

The choices players make throughout the game shape the course of the narrative, introducing an interactive layer that forces them to grapple with complex ethical dilemmas, mirroring the consequences of the extreme ideologies that led to Rapture’s downfall.

BioShock’s genius lies not only in its captivating gameplay mechanics but also in its ability to weave a thought-provoking narrative within the fabric of a dystopian world.

As players navigate the decaying remnants of Rapture, the games invite reflection on the real-world implications of unbridled scientific ambition and the moral quandaries that accompany technological progress.

In doing so, the BioShock series stands as an exemplary fusion of immersive storytelling and interactive gameplay, offering players an unforgettable journey into the depths of human ambition and its profound societal consequences.

Deus Ex Series (2000 – present) 

The Deus Ex game series immerses players in a cyberpunk dystopia, where the fusion of technology and societal structures gives rise to a world rife with intrigue, government conspiracies, and deep societal divides.

Set against the backdrop of a future Earth grappling with the consequences of technological augmentation, the games present a visually striking and thematically rich exploration of a world on the brink.

Augmentation technologies, once promising a utopian future, become a source of contention, amplifying the chasm between those enhanced with cutting-edge cybernetics and those left behind in the shadows of societal neglect.

As players navigate this complex and morally ambiguous landscape, they find themselves confronted with a myriad of choices that shape the narrative and influence the game world.

The Deus Ex series excels in presenting players with moral dilemmas, forcing them to weigh the consequences of their actions in a world veering toward chaos.

The choices players make not only impact the trajectory of the story but also reflect the larger societal implications of their decisions, mirroring the intricate interplay between individual agency and the broader forces shaping the cyberpunk dystopia.

In doing so, Deus Ex invites players to explore the intricate web of power, conspiracy, and societal unrest that defines the genre while underscoring the fragility of a future built upon the fusion of humanity and technology.

The Last of Us (2013) and The Last of Us Part II (2020) 

The Last of Us and its sequel, The Last of Us Part II , stand as illustrations of dystopian video game storytelling, each presenting a gripping narrative set against the backdrop of a post-apocalyptic world.

In these games, developed by Naughty Dog, players traverse landscapes ravaged by a deadly fungal infection that has decimated humanity, leading to a society on the brink of collapse.

The dystopian setting serves as a crucible for intense character development and exploration of moral ambiguity, contributing to an emotionally charged and thought-provoking gameplay experience.

The first installment introduces players to Joel and Ellie, navigating a world where survival demands not only combat skills but also strategic decision-making in the face of scarce resources and moral quandaries.

The Last of Us adeptly captures the desolation and desperation of a world undone by a pandemic, emphasizing the fragility of human relationships amid the ruins.

The sequel expands on this foundation delving even deeper into the consequences of individual actions within a fractured society.

Both games present a nuanced portrayal of the human condition, exploring themes of loss, resilience, and the ethical challenges inherent in a world where survival often comes at the expense of one’s humanity.

Beyond their engaging narratives, these games excel in environmental storytelling and character-driven gameplay, immersing players in the visceral and hauntingly beautiful landscapes of a dystopian America.

The Last of Us series stands as a testament to the power of video games as a medium for storytelling, using the interactive nature of gaming to immerse players in the emotional and ethical complexities of a world grappling with its own collapse.

Through their masterful combination of narrative depth, character development, and atmospheric design, The Last of Us and its sequel set a high standard for dystopian storytelling in the realm of video games.

Horizon Zero Dawn (2017) 

In the video game Horizon Zero Dawn , players are transported to a hauntingly beautiful yet perilous future where the remnants of civilization lay in ruins, and nature has reclaimed its dominance.

At the heart of the narrative is Aloy, a skilled and resourceful young hunter, whose journey unfolds as an epic quest to unravel the mysteries of a world now dominated by robotic creatures.

These mechanized beasts, remnants of a bygone era of technological marvels, roam the landscape, adding a layer of both awe and danger to the post-apocalyptic setting.

Horizon Zero Dawn stands out not only for its visually stunning open-world design but also for its exploration of profound thematic elements.

The game delves into the consequences of environmental collapse, showcasing a world where humanity’s technological hubris has led to the rise of robotic creatures that now roam unchecked.

Aloy’s journey becomes a symbolic exploration of the delicate balance between nature and technology, raising questions about the ethical implications of unchecked scientific progress.

Amidst the societal ruins, the narrative unfolds as a quest for knowledge, with Aloy seeking to understand the mysteries of her world and the events that led to its downfall.

As players guide Aloy through the lush and dangerous landscapes of Horizon Zero Dawn, they become active participants in a narrative that seamlessly weaves together elements of environmentalism, technology, and the indomitable human spirit’s quest for understanding.

The game’s compelling storyline invites players to reflect on the implications of humanity’s impact on the natural world and the potential consequences of unrestrained technological evolution.

Horizon Zero Dawn stands as an immersive and thought-provoking gaming experience that seamlessly combines captivating gameplay with a rich narrative exploring the complexities of a post-civilization world.

Half-Life 2 (2004) 

In this captivating video game, players find themselves thrust into a dystopian world firmly gripped by the iron fist of a totalitarian regime, where every aspect of society is under the watchful eye and control of an oppressive alien force.

The narrative unfolds against a backdrop of societal decay and fear, as the alien regime enforces its rule with relentless authority, extinguishing any flicker of individuality or dissent.

Players must navigate the treacherous landscape, where the very air seems to carry the weight of oppression, and every step taken could lead to consequences both dire and far-reaching.

At its core, the game is a compelling exploration of resistance, as players assume the role of individuals fighting against the dehumanizing forces of authoritarianism.

The narrative weaves a tale of hope amidst despair, emphasizing the indomitable human spirit’s capacity to resist and yearn for freedom even in the face of overwhelming odds.

Themes of resistance, sacrifice, and the quest for liberty resonate throughout the gameplay, prompting players to confront the ethical dilemmas of rebellion and the pursuit of a brighter future.

Through its immersive storytelling, the game serves as a mirror reflecting the enduring struggle between oppressive forces and the innate human desire for autonomy and self-determination.

Fallout Series (1997 – present) 

The Fallout series transports players into a desolate and irradiated landscape, painting a vivid picture of a post-apocalyptic America scarred by the aftermath of a devastating nuclear war.

In this grim and unforgiving world, remnants of civilization cling to survival amidst the pervasive radiation, mutated creatures, and the relentless struggle for power.

The games craft a narrative that captures the essence of human resilience in the face of catastrophe, where survivors navigate the decaying remnants of once-thriving cities and barren wastelands, each corner fraught with danger and uncertainty.

What distinguishes the Fallout series is its commitment to player agency and moral decision-making.

Players are confronted with choices that extend beyond the immediate threats of mutated monsters or rival factions vying for dominance.

The games force players to grapple with the ethical consequences of their decisions, emphasizing the blurred lines between right and wrong in a world where survival often hinges on compromise.

Whether deciding the fate of a struggling community, choosing allegiances in a power struggle, or determining the use of advanced technology, players navigate a moral landscape where every action ripples through the harsh fabric of the post-apocalyptic society.

The Fallout games stand as a testament to the intricacies of human nature in extreme circumstances, challenging players to confront the ethical complexities inherent in a world struggling to rebuild itself amidst the ruins of nuclear devastation.

Adapted from Dmitry Glukhovsky’s novels, the Metro video games immerse players in a harrowing post-apocalyptic narrative set within the confines of the Moscow metro system.

Following a nuclear apocalypse that has rendered the surface world uninhabitable, the survivors find refuge in the dark and labyrinthine tunnels of the metro, where every station becomes a microcosm of the struggles and complexities of human survival.

The games masterfully depict the psychological toll of living in perpetual darkness, where the ever-present threat of mutated creatures and scarce resources adds an extra layer of tension to an already claustrophobic environment.

The Metro series delves into profound themes of survival, morality, and the intricacies of the human condition under extreme circumstances.

As players navigate this perilous underground world, they grapple with moral choices that resonate far beyond the confines of the metro tunnels.

The scarcity of resources prompts players to make decisions that challenge their understanding of right and wrong, exploring the depths to which individuals are willing to go in the pursuit of survival.

The games serve as a poignant reflection on the fragility of societal norms in the face of existential threats, painting a vivid and often haunting portrayal of the human spirit’s resilience and adaptability in the darkest corners of a post-apocalyptic world.

Iconic Dystopian TV Shows

Dystopian television shows have captivated audiences by painting vivid and often unsettling pictures of imagined futures marked by societal collapse, oppressive regimes, and the fight for survival. 

Black Mirror (2011 – 2019) 

Charlie Brooker’s Black Mirror stands as a thought-provoking anthology series that casts a critical and often chilling gaze at the intersection of modern society and technology.

With each standalone episode, the show unveils a distinct dystopian vision, offering viewers a mirror reflecting the potential dark consequences of our increasingly interconnected and technologically dependent world.

Brooker’s storytelling prowess weaves narratives that are not just cautionary tales but stark examinations of the unintended consequences stemming from our relationship with advanced technology.

The episodes of Black Mirror delve into a diverse array of themes, unearthing the unsettling aspects of contemporary life.

From the perils of social media obsession to the invasive consequences of surveillance, and the ethical dilemmas brought forth by rapid technological advancements, the series unflinchingly confronts viewers with the potential downsides of the digital age.

It prompts reflection on the impact of our reliance on devices, challenging preconceived notions about progress and innovation.

Black Mirror succeeds not only as a dystopian exploration of technology’s dark underbelly but also as a mirror that forces audiences to contemplate the moral and societal implications of the digital era in which we live.

Westworld (2016 – 2022) 

Westworld is a captivating exploration of the convergence between human desires and advanced artificial intelligence set against the backdrop of a futuristic Wild West-themed amusement park.

In this visually stunning and conceptually rich show, the park is populated by android hosts designed to fulfill the desires and fantasies of the human guests.

As visitors engage in morally ambiguous and often violent interactions with the hosts, the narrative delves into profound themes of AI consciousness, free will, and the intricate ethical implications of creating beings that mimic human emotions and behaviors.

Westworld intricately weaves a tapestry of narratives that blur the lines between man and machine, prompting viewers to question the nature of consciousness and the morality of exploiting AI entities for human pleasure.

The hosts, initially bound by their programming, gradually gain self-awareness, challenging the very foundation of their existence and their relationship with their creators.

The series becomes a philosophical exploration of the consequences of playing god with technology, forcing audiences to confront the moral quandaries that arise when human desires are indulged at the expense of artificial beings designed to serve those desires.

Westworld stands as a compelling and thought-provoking examination of the potential ethical pitfalls that accompany the blurring boundaries between humanity and technology in a not-so-distant future.

The Walking Dead (2010 – 2022) 

In the grim and desolate landscape of a post-apocalyptic world overrun by zombies, The Walking Dead sets the stage for an intense exploration of the human spirit and its capacity to endure against insurmountable odds.

The survivors, thrust into this lawless and perilous environment, become central figures in a narrative that unfolds as a visceral study of survival. The constant threat of the undead looms large, transforming every step the group takes into a life-or-death decision.

The show masterfully captures the relentless tension and uncertainty that accompany the struggle for survival in a world where the line between life and death is perilously thin.

Beyond the immediate threat of zombies, the series delves into profound themes, including the intricacies of human nature and the moral complexities inherent in rebuilding society amid the ruins.

As the survivors navigate through the remnants of civilization, the narrative unfurls as a compelling examination of the human condition under extreme duress.

It prompts viewers to reflect on the choices individuals make in the face of existential threats, the bonds that form in adversity, and the ethical dilemmas that arise when grappling with the fundamental question of what it means to be human in a world dominated by the undead.

The show serves as a metaphorical mirror, reflecting the fragility of societal norms and the indomitable resilience of the human spirit in the face of an apocalyptic reckoning.

The 100 (2014 – 2020) 

In this gripping series, a cohort of young survivors emerges as protagonists, undertaking a perilous journey back to Earth after a devastating nuclear apocalypse.

As they navigate the hazardous aftermath of the cataclysmic event, the narrative becomes an enthralling exploration of the challenges and conflicts that arise in a world torn apart by warring factions.

The survivors find themselves entangled in a complex web of power struggles, moral quandaries, and the relentless pursuit of resources in a landscape scarred by the remnants of civilization.

At its core, The 100 delves into profound themes of leadership, morality, and the indomitable human struggle for survival and cooperation.

The young protagonists, thrust into positions of authority, must grapple with the weighty responsibilities of guiding their group through the unforgiving terrain of a post-apocalyptic world.

The narrative unfolds as a nuanced examination of the ethical decisions required for the group’s survival, often blurring the lines between right and wrong in the pursuit of a better future.

As the characters confront the harsh realities of their new world, viewers are invited to contemplate the complexities of human nature in times of crisis, where leadership becomes a crucible for moral choices and the collective effort to endure in the face of overwhelming adversity.

Altered Carbon (2018 – 2020) 

In this thought-provoking series set in a futuristic landscape where consciousness can seamlessly transfer between bodies, the very essence of identity and mortality becomes a malleable concept.

The narrative weaves an intricate exploration of themes such as identity, immortality, and the far-reaching consequences of advanced technology.

The ability to shift one’s consciousness between bodies fundamentally alters the traditional notions of selfhood, prompting characters and viewers alike to question the very fabric of human identity.

Within this futuristic society, stark divisions emerge based on wealth, accentuating the show’s commentary on the ethical dilemmas spawned by a world where death is no longer a permanent fixture.

The exploration of this societal schism becomes a lens through which the series critiques the potential exploitation of advanced technology by the privileged few, leaving the rest in a state of vulnerability.

The consequences of achieving a form of immortality are laid bare as the show navigates the moral complexities that arise when individuals wield the power to extend their lives indefinitely, raising questions about the equitable distribution of life-altering technologies and the resulting disparities in society.

As characters grapple with the ramifications of their newfound immortality and the societal divisions it accentuates, the series becomes a speculative and introspective exploration of the human condition in the face of evolving technology.

Altered Carbon invites viewers to contemplate the profound implications of tampering with the very nature of life and death, challenging them to reflect on the ethical responsibilities that accompany the relentless march of scientific progress in a world where the boundaries between life, identity, and morality blur into uncharted territories.

The Man in the High Castle (2015 – 2019) 

The Man in the High Castle is an exploration of an alternate history shaped by the chilling prospect of the Axis Powers emerging victorious in World War II.

Adapted from Philip K. Dick’s novel, the narrative unfolds against the backdrop of a dystopian America, now divided between Nazi-controlled territories in the East and Japanese-controlled territories in the West.

This chilling alternate reality becomes a rich tapestry for the exploration of themes such as resistance, authoritarianism, and the relentless struggle for freedom in a world marred by the enduring shadows of tyranny.

The show meticulously crafts a society suffocated by the authoritarian rule of the Axis Powers, offering viewers a visceral glimpse into the oppressive realities faced by its inhabitants.

The narrative follows characters enmeshed in the intricate web of resistance movements, grappling with the moral complexities of opposing an overwhelmingly powerful regime.

As the characters navigate the razor-thin line between survival and resistance, The Man in the High Castle becomes a riveting commentary on the enduring human spirit’s capacity to resist oppression, even in the face of seemingly insurmountable odds.

Through its portrayal of an alternate America under the sway of Nazi and Japanese control, the series serves as a poignant reminder of the fragility of democratic ideals and the potential consequences of historical turning points.

It prompts viewers to reflect on the themes of resilience, sacrifice, and the eternal quest for freedom in the face of oppressive regimes, drawing parallels to real-world struggles for liberty and justice.

Exploring Iconic Dystopian Graphic Novels

Dystopian comic books stand as compelling chronicles that explore the darkest recesses of speculative futures and the human condition.

From the shadowy streets of noir-inspired metropolises to the sprawling landscapes of post-apocalyptic realms, these graphic narratives provide a lens through which creators dissect societal anxieties, political uncertainties, and the consequences of unchecked power.

V for Vendetta (1982-1985)

V for Vendetta , penned by the visionary Alan Moore and illustrated by David Lloyd, stands as a compelling example of a dystopian masterpiece.

Set against a backdrop of political oppression, surveillance, and totalitarian rule, this graphic novel explores the consequences of unchecked power and the indomitable spirit of resistance.

V for Vendetta unfolds in a dystopian Britain under the iron-fisted rule of Norsefire, a fascist regime that has risen to power after a devastating nuclear war.

The narrative navigates the grim aftermath of this catastrophe, depicting a society oppressed by a government that controls every facet of life.

The bleak and desolate London, haunted by the shadows of its authoritarian rulers, becomes a powerful symbol of the dystopian landscape that serves as the canvas for Moore and Lloyd’s tale.

At the heart of V for Vendetta is the enigmatic protagonist known only as “V.”

Clad in a Guy Fawkes mask, V emerges as a symbol of resistance against the oppressive regime.

The mask, with its iconic grin and mustache, transforms V into an emblem of defiance and anonymity.

This choice is not only a nod to historical rebellion but also a testament to the power of symbols in challenging authority.

V’s mask becomes a rallying point for the citizens of this dystopian world, inspiring them to question the status quo and stand against tyranny.

The narrative doesn’t shy away from tackling political and societal issues that resonate far beyond the pages of the graphic novel. V for Vendetta critically examines the consequences of blind obedience, the manipulation of fear, and the erosion of civil liberties in the pursuit of control.

The narrative offers a stark warning about the dangers of complacency in the face of political extremism and the erosion of individual freedoms.

As the story unfolds, we witness the transformative journey of Evey Hammond, an ordinary citizen swept up in V’s campaign against the oppressive regime.

Evey’s evolution from victim to ally encapsulates the resilience of the human spirit and the potential for change, even in the darkest of times.

Through Evey’s experiences, V for Vendetta underscores the importance of individual agency in the fight against a dystopian reality.

What sets V for Vendetta apart is its exploration of philosophical and ideological themes.

Moore’s narrative delves into the complexities of morality, the consequences of radicalism, and the blurred lines between heroism and terrorism.

The graphic novel challenges readers to question their own beliefs and confront the uncomfortable truths that accompany the pursuit of justice in the face of authoritarianism.

Akira (1982-1990)

Akira , the work of Japanese manga artist Katsuhiro Otomo, stands as a towering example of a dystopian comic book that has left its mark on the genre.

Akira is a cyberpunk epic that unfolds in a post-apocalyptic Tokyo, offering a relentless exploration of societal collapse, government experimentation, and the consequences of unchecked power.

Set against the haunting backdrop of a city ravaged by World War III and now facing the perils of reconstruction, Akira presents a dystopian metropolis teetering on the brink of chaos.

The remnants of Tokyo, known as Neo-Tokyo, are a microcosm of societal decay and political corruption, echoing the anxieties of the era in which it was created.

The stark visuals and meticulous world-building contribute to the immersive experience, drawing readers into a nightmarish future where order is maintained through militarization, surveillance, and a veneer of societal control.

The narrative of Akira unfolds with the discovery of psychic powers that emerge from government experiments gone awry, leading to the reawakening of Akira, a powerful psychic with cataclysmic potential.

The story delves into the ramifications of these supernatural abilities, illustrating the fine line between progress and peril. Otomo’s storytelling prowess lies not only in the breathtaking action sequences and visceral artwork but also in his ability to unravel complex political and existential themes.

As the characters grapple with their newfound powers and the unraveling chaos of Neo-Tokyo, Akira becomes a meditation on the consequences of human ambition and the perpetual cycle of destruction and reconstruction.

Themes of corruption, political intrigue, and the toll of scientific experimentation resonate with a palpable intensity, mirroring the societal fears and uncertainties prevalent during the time of its creation.

The visual impact of Akira is equally potent.

Otomo’s detailed and kinetic art style captures the frenetic energy of a city in turmoil, reflecting the tumultuous narrative.

The cyberpunk aesthetics, characterized by neon-soaked cityscapes, futuristic technology, and a sense of urban decay, have become iconic within the genre, influencing a myriad of subsequent works in comics, animation, and film.

Akira transcends cultural boundaries, offering a riveting narrative that remains as relevant today as it did upon its initial publication.

Otomo’s magnum opus continues to be celebrated for its thematic depth, artistic innovation, and its prescient examination of the societal and existential challenges that accompany the relentless march of progress in a dystopian world.

Watchmen (1986-1987)

Watchmen is a groundbreaking graphic novel created by writer Alan Moore and artist Dave Gibbons.

Released as a limited series in 1986-1987, Watchmen diverges from conventional superhero narratives, subverting the genre to offer a complex, morally ambiguous exploration of power, humanity, and societal decay.

Set in an alternate version of the United States during the Cold War era, Watchmen unfolds in a world where masked vigilantes were once embraced but have since fallen out of favor, leading to their disbandment.

As the narrative unfolds against the backdrop of an impending nuclear conflict, the existence of superhumans becomes a source of societal tension and governmental unease.

The gritty and atmospheric depiction of a world on the brink of chaos is a hallmark of the dystopian setting within Watchmen.

The graphic novel’s narrative intricacy is complemented by its ensemble cast of complex characters, each grappling with personal demons and moral quandaries.

Driven by a sense of realism and psychological depth, the characters, including Rorschach, Doctor Manhattan, and Ozymandias, mirror the complexities of the dystopian world they inhabit.

Moore’s deconstruction of superhero tropes confronts readers with the ethical ambiguities inherent in wielding power, even with the best of intentions.

The visual storytelling in Watchmen further cements its status as a dystopian masterpiece.

Gibbons’ meticulous artwork and panel layouts contribute to the narrative’s atmospheric intensity.

The juxtaposition of grim urban landscapes, cold war paranoia, and the disintegration of societal norms creates a visual language that resonates with the disquieting essence of dystopia.

At its core, Watchmen challenges the traditional dichotomies of hero and villain, right and wrong, in a dystopian society sliding into chaos.

The narrative explores themes of power, morality, and the consequences of unchecked authority, offering a reflection on the fragility of societal order in the face of impending doom.

The haunting smiley-face badge, marked by a splatter of blood, becomes an iconic symbol encapsulating the graphic novel’s exploration of the blurred lines between heroism and moral compromise.

Y: The Last Man (2002-2008)

Y: The Last Man , is a compelling comic book series created by writer Brian K. Vaughan and artist Pia Guerra.

Set against the backdrop of a world plunged into chaos, the series explores the consequences of a mysterious event that simultaneously wipes out every mammal with a Y chromosome, except for one man and his pet monkey.

In this gender apocalypse, Yorick Brown becomes the last surviving human with a Y chromosome, thrust into a world that has irrevocably changed.

One of the strengths of Y: The Last Man lies in its meticulous world-building, offering readers a comprehensive and realistic portrayal of a society grappling with the sudden loss of half its population.

As the male-centric structures of power crumble, the series delves into the complexities of a world redefined by the absence of men, examining the social, political, and personal ramifications of such an event.

The narrative becomes a thought-provoking exploration of gender dynamics, societal restructuring, and the resilience of human nature in the face of cataclysmic change.

The character development in Y: The Last Man is another standout aspect. Yorick Brown’s journey from a seemingly ordinary escape artist to a symbol of hope and survival is both compelling and relatable.

The supporting cast, including the intelligent and resourceful Agent 355 and the geneticist Dr. Allison Mann, adds layers to the narrative, providing diverse perspectives on the unraveling dystopia.

Vaughan’s writing skillfully balances action, humor, and emotional depth, creating a narrative that resonates on multiple levels.

Pia Guerra’s artwork complements the narrative impeccably, capturing the emotional weight of the characters and the gravity of the situations they face.

The visual representation of a world in flux, marked by both the remnants of the old order and the emergence of new, evokes a sense of desolation and uncertainty, essential elements of any dystopian setting.

Y: The Last Man succeeds not only as a gripping dystopian tale but also as a commentary on identity, gender, and societal structures.

It confronts readers with profound questions about the nature of humanity, power dynamics, and the adaptability of societies in the face of unprecedented challenges.

DMZ (2005-2012)

DMZ , the graphic novel series created by writer Brian Wood and artist Riccardo Burchielli, stands as a must-read in the realm of dystopian graphic novels, offering a stark and gripping portrayal of a fractured America in the midst of a second civil war.

The series is a visceral exploration of the consequences of political division, power struggles, and the impact of conflict on both individuals and society as a whole.

Set in a near-future America torn apart by a devastating civil war, DMZ takes readers to the heart of the conflict, the demilitarized zone (DMZ) that is Manhattan.

The island has become a battleground between the Free States of America and the United States government.

Embedded photojournalist Matty Roth becomes our eyes and ears, providing a firsthand account of the chaos and complexities that unfold within the DMZ.

What makes DMZ a must-read is its unflinching portrayal of the human cost of war and political upheaval.

Wood’s narrative skillfully weaves together personal stories with larger political and social themes, creating a narrative tapestry that is both deeply affecting and intellectually stimulating.

The characters in “DMZ” are not just archetypes but individuals with nuanced motivations, offering readers a chance to empathize with the various perspectives and struggles within the conflict.

Burchielli’s art adds a gritty and realistic visual dimension to the series, capturing the raw intensity of the urban warzone that Manhattan has become.

The graphic novel’s visual language enhances the narrative’s emotional impact, making the reader feel the weight of each choice and consequence in this dystopian world.

Moreover, DMZ is a compelling commentary on the role of media, journalism, and the manipulation of information during times of crisis.

As a journalist navigating the chaos of war, Matty Roth becomes a lens through which readers witness the power struggles, propaganda, and moral ambiguity that define the DMZ.

The series prompts reflection on the role of journalism in shaping public perception and the ethical dilemmas faced by those documenting conflict.

Transmetropolitan (1997-2002)

Transmetropolitan , the visionary comic book series created by writer Warren Ellis and artist Darick Robertson, emerges as an exemplary example of dystopian fiction that masterfully combines biting satire, futuristic aesthetics, and a relentless exploration of societal decay.

Set in a sprawling, chaotic metropolis known as The City, Transmetropolitan introduces readers to the cantankerous and unapologetically eccentric journalist Spider Jerusalem.

What sets Transmetropolitan apart is its unapologetic and satirical take on the excesses of contemporary society extrapolated into a future where technology, politics, and media have spiraled into frenetic extremes.

The series captures the essence of a dystopian world marked by moral decay, political corruption, and the dehumanizing influence of unchecked technological progress.

Ellis’s storytelling paints a vivid picture of a society grappling with the consequences of its own excesses, mirroring the anxieties and absurdities of the real world.

The character of Spider Jerusalem serves as the perfect conduit for the exploration of this dystopian landscape.

A rogue journalist armed with a bowel disruptor and a relentless pursuit of truth, Spider navigates the chaotic streets of The City, exposing corruption and challenging the status quo.

His character embodies the resilience and tenacity of the individual amidst the overwhelming forces of a dystopian society. Spider Jerusalem becomes a symbol of resistance, questioning authority and embracing the chaos in a world that has lost its moral compass.

Darick Robertson’s art contributes significantly to the visual impact of Transmetropolitan.

The frenetic pace of The City, the outlandish character designs, and the juxtaposition of futuristic elements with a decaying urban backdrop create a visually striking portrayal of the dystopian world.

Robertson’s ability to capture the absurdities of this future society enhances the satirical nature of the narrative, making Transmetropolitan a visually immersive and thematically rich experience.

Moreover, Transmetropolitan” is prescient in its social and political commentary, anticipating and reflecting on the trajectory of contemporary society.

Themes of media manipulation, political corruption, and the dehumanizing impact of technology resonate deeply in a world that constantly grapples with these issues.

The series serves as a cautionary tale, urging readers to consider the consequences of unchecked power and the erosion of civil liberties.

Through its vibrant characters, razor-sharp satire, and thought-provoking narrative, the series remains a timeless exploration of the human condition in the face of societal decay.

East of West is the masterful creation of writer Jonathan Hickman and artist Nick Dragotta.

Set in an alternate history of the United States, the series presents a gripping narrative that blends elements of dystopia, science fiction, and the supernatural to craft a world both intriguing and unsettling.

The premise of East of West is built upon a fractured America divided into seven nations on the brink of war, marked by political intrigue, religious fervor, and the looming specter of the apocalypse.

Against this tumultuous backdrop, the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse are reborn, and Death, one of the Horsemen, embarks on a quest for revenge and redemption.

The series intertwines personal vendettas with grand political machinations, creating a narrative tapestry that is both epic in scope and deeply personal.

Hickman’s storytelling in East of West stands out for its complexity and world-building.

The intricate web of alliances, betrayals, and shifting power dynamics captures the essence of a dystopian world in constant flux.

The rich lore and mythology woven into the narrative add layers of depth, making the series a captivating exploration of the consequences of power, destiny, and the collision of divergent ideologies.

Nick Dragotta’s artwork is pivotal in bringing this dystopian world to life.

The visual style, characterized by dynamic action sequences, intricate character designs, and expansive landscapes, immerses readers in a world both familiar and alien.

The striking visuals contribute to the creation of a dystopia that feels both expansive and claustrophobic, underscoring the tension and unpredictability that permeate the narrative.

Moreover, East of West excels in its portrayal of morally ambiguous characters and the exploration of complex ethical dilemmas.

The series challenges traditional notions of heroism and villainy, presenting characters with conflicting motivations and shades of gray.

This narrative choice adds a layer of realism to the dystopian setting, prompting readers to question the nature of power, justice, and the choices made in the pursuit of survival.

Through its multifaceted characters, intricate world-building, and thematic richness, the series offers readers a thought-provoking exploration of societal collapse, political machinations, and the indomitable human spirit amidst the ruins of a dystopian America.

The Evolution of Dystopian Fiction: Navigating Current Realities and Technological Horizons

Dystopian fiction has long been a reflection of societal anxieties and a warning about the potential pitfalls of unchecked power, societal decay, and the erosion of fundamental human rights. 

As we stand at the crossroads of a world marred by current global challenges and rapid technological advancements, the landscape of dystopian narratives is evolving. 

Current Global Challenges: Shaping Tomorrow’s Dystopias

The present world is marked by a myriad of challenges – climate change, pandemics, political upheavals, and social unrest. 

These issues not only mirror the themes explored in dystopian fiction but also potentially influence the direction of future narratives. 

Climate disasters, resource scarcity, and health crises, evident in today’s world, might amplify in dystopian works, reflecting the consequences of inaction and neglect.

Moreover, societal divisions, erosion of civil liberties, and power struggles are ripe sources for authors and creators to draw inspiration from, envisioning dystopias fueled by today’s socio-political dynamics. 

The fears of surveillance, misinformation, and the manipulation of truth, stark in the current era, might translate into more sophisticated and intricate dystopian tales.

The Influence of Technology: Crafting Tomorrow’s Nightmares

Technological advancements, especially in artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and biotechnology, pose both tremendous promise and potential peril. 

Dystopian narratives often grapple with the ethical dilemmas arising from these technologies. 

The fusion of surveillance, AI manipulation, and loss of personal privacy could become central themes, encapsulating the threats of our increasingly digitized lives.

Virtual realities, augmented by advanced immersive technologies, might present creators with avenues to envision hyper-realistic dystopias, blurring the lines between the virtual and the actual. 

Biotechnological advances, while promising, also raise concerns about genetic manipulation, identity control, and the consequences of altering human nature – themes ripe for dystopian speculation.

The Evolving Nature of Storytelling: Formats and Audiences

The mediums through which dystopian narratives are delivered are also evolving. 

Video games, once a passive form of entertainment, now offer interactive experiences where players shape the narrative and confront moral dilemmas. 

Television shows explore serialized and detailed narratives, often stretching across seasons to dive deep into complex dystopian societies. 

Movies, with their visual spectacle, continue to transport audiences to visually stunning yet haunting futures.

The rise of serialized storytelling, coupled with streaming services, allows for deeper world-building and character development, enhancing the immersion into dystopian realms. 

The audience, too, seeks more nuanced and sophisticated narratives, demanding thought-provoking content that challenges assumptions and offers social commentary.

As dystopian fiction continues to evolve, it remains a poignant mirror reflecting the fears and hopes of a changing world. 

The future of dystopian narratives lies in the intersection of global challenges, technological innovations, and the evolving nature of storytelling. 

These narratives not only offer cautionary tales but also serve as catalysts for critical discussions on societal trajectories and ethical considerations.

The challenge for creators lies in balancing the verisimilitude of plausible dystopias with the essential elements of storytelling. 

The potential of dystopian fiction to provoke reflection and inspire action in the face of global challenges and technological advancements remains a potent force, urging us to navigate the complexities of an uncertain future and to be vigilant against the shadows that lurk in our evolving world. 

Ultimately, dystopian fiction remains a beacon, guiding us through the dark alleys of potential futures and beckoning us to heed its warnings and possibilities.

Throughout history, dystopian fiction has been a powerful tool for challenging the status quo, prompting critical examination of societal structures, and catalyzing change. 

From the works of Sir Thomas More and Jonathan Swift to the thought-provoking narratives of George Orwell, Aldous Huxley, and Margaret Atwood, dystopian fiction has consistently dared us to confront uncomfortable truths about the human condition and the societies we inhabit. 

It has exposed the fragility of our freedoms, the perils of unchecked power, and the consequences of environmental neglect. 

But it has also illuminated the potential for resilience, the importance of ethical decision-making in the face of technological advancement, and the enduring human spirit’s capacity to overcome adversity.

In our changing world, where technological innovations advance at breakneck speed, environmental crises loom on the horizon, and social inequalities persist, dystopian fiction remains a compass guiding us through the complexities of our era. 

It forces us to grapple with the consequences of our choices and to imagine the myriad possibilities that lie ahead. 

Dystopian narratives resonate with our deepest anxieties, yet they also kindle the flames of hope by challenging us to rise above our shortcomings and work towards a brighter future.

Dystopian stories urge us to take proactive measures to address the challenges of our time, to confront our fears head-on, and to nurture the hopes that drive us forward. 

The stories we tell in the realm of dystopian fiction are not mere cautionary tales; they are blueprints for change. 

They remind us that the power to shape our destiny resides within our hands. Through the pages of dystopian literature, we discover that our fears need not paralyze us, but can mobilize us into action. 

Our hopes need not remain distant dreams, but can drive us to build a better world.

In this changing world, where the only constant is change itself, dystopian fiction is a beacon of introspection, an amplifier of our voices, and a catalyst for transformation. 

It calls upon us to acknowledge our fears, nurture our hopes, and actively engage in the pursuit of a future that reflects the best of our humanity. 

As long as we continue to read, discuss, and learn from the timeless lessons of dystopian fiction, we remain poised to navigate the ever-shifting tides of our world, working together to shape a future that transcends our fears and fulfills our deepest hopes.

Corrine Asbell is a former journalist and an unashamed video game aficionado. When not glued to her PS5 she’s rewatching Star Wars and trying to learn Swedish. Hej hej!

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Definition of Dystopia

The sweetest and most heavenly of activities partake in some measure of violence

Examples of Central Themes in Dystopian Literature

Dystopian literature tends to feature common, central themes that allow writers to create alternate realities while imparting deep meaning to their readers. Here are some examples of central themes in dystopian literature:

Examples of Famous Dystopian Novels

Here are some examples of famous dystopian novels:

Common Examples of Well-Known Dystopian Movies

Difference between dystopia and science fiction genres, examples of dystopia in literature.

The use of dystopia as a literary device allows writers to create stories that are centered around the opposite of a utopian environment–a “perfect” society. Though dystopian literature often portrays an ideal society on the surface, the underlying oppression, violence, desolation, and/or chaos reveals the many ways that humans can be corrupted by power , greed, control, war, and other factors.

Example 1:  The Handmaid’s Tale  (Margaret Atwood)

There is more than one kind of freedom,” said Aunt Lydia. “Freedom to and freedom from. In the days of anarchy, it was freedom to. Now you are being given freedom from. Don’t underrate it.

In addition to the oppression of women, Atwood’s dystopian work emphasizes the peril of nonconformity and the extreme measures taken to enforce obedience of thought and behavior. The novel portrays a frightening police state in which anyone can be a government spy and threaten someone’s life. Those who don’t conform to the rules and norms of this society, in terms of behavior and thought, are publicly executed or removed as punishment to a radioactive wasteland called “The Colonies.” This dystopia calls upon readers to consider the dire consequences of societal and political control, oppression of women and people of color, and pursuit of uniformity.

Example 2:  Fahrenheit 451  (Ray Bradbury)

If you don’t want a man unhappy politically, don’t give him two sides to a question to worry him; give him one. Better yet, give him none. Let him forget there is such a thing as war. If the government is inefficient, top-heavy, and tax-mad, better it be all those than that people worry over it. Peace, Montag. Give the people contests they win by remembering the words to more popular songs or the names of state capitals or how much corn Iowa grew last year. Cram them full of noncombustible data, chock them so damned full of ‘facts’ they feel stuffed, but absolutely ‘brilliant’ with information. Then they’ll feel they’re thinking, they’ll get a  sense  of motion without moving. And they’ll be happy, because facts of that sort don’t change.

Example 3:  2BR02B  (Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.)

The law said that no newborn child could survive unless the parents of the child could find someone who would volunteer to die. Triplets, if they were all to live, called for three volunteers.

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Essay Samples on Dystopia

Feminism and totalitarism in 'the handmaid's tale' dystopia novel.

Dystopia is the opposite of the ideal society, which is a utopia, that often appears in literature and artistic creation. Dystopias are typically post-apocalyptic or totalitaristic, but there are other forms of dystopias as well such as feminist, cyberpunk, off-world, etc. With 'The Handmaid's Tale'...

• Literary Criticism
• The Handmaid's Tale

Futuristic World in Dystopia: the Illusion of a Happy Society

A utopia is an imaginary society where all citizens are treated equally and with dignity, and citizens live in safety without fear. Since utopias do not exist, attempting to create one can have detrimental consequences. The utopia can become a dystopia. A dystopia is a...

• Literary Genres
• Literature Review

Technology Myth In "The Circle" By Dave Eggers

The Circle: The Technology Myth The novel begins on a glistening, sunlit day in June, Mae Holland cruises campus on her first-ever day at the Circle (Eggers, 1). The company is a creative and strongly favorite web organization, which has seized the globe by a...

• Impact of Technology

Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale as Dystopian Fiction

Published in 1985, Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale emerged during an auspicious time for dystopian fiction, following works such as Adoux Huxley’s Brave New World, George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four and Anthony Burgess' A Clockwork Orange. These dystopian narratives provided readers with captivating examinations into bleak,...

Presentation Of Authoritarian Control In George Orwell's 1984 And Brave New World

In the two novels ’Brave New World’ by Aldous Huxley and ‘1984’ by George Orwell, authoritarian control is a recurring theme throughout both plots. The two authors, who were influenced by their experiences of war on a large scale during the twentieth century were saddened...

• Brave New World

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Survival Is Insufficient In Novel Of Station Eleven

Societies can interconnect human life but can also isolate people from each other with the technology within. Station Eleven is a novel about a society devolving into a Dystopia, but it also explores what a society is. Mandel explores society through different perspectives by describing...

• Station Eleven

The Lifetime Memories Of The Past And Present In Station Eleven And Monkey Beach

Individuals experience many things over their lifetime that make them who they are. Joyful, stressful, exciting and traumatic experiences are often things every individual goes through; the one thing that connects all of them is memory. Memory allows one to reflect on experiences that are...

The Theme Of Gratitude As A Beacon Of Hope As Seen In Station Eleven

Station 11, by Emily Mandel, revolves around the topic of gratitude and reveals that people, when they lose certain privileges, realize the gravity of the things that they actually have. In the book, before the pandemic, society is presented as unremarkable. In the golden age...

The Comparison Of Dystopian Worlds In 1984 And Brave New World

Huxley's Brave New World and Orwell's 1984 are both Dystopian novels written ahead of their time that, in their own way, frighteningly predicted the western world of today. 21st Century western society has turned out to be a combination of both Huxley and Orwell’s visions...

The Expression Of Memories Through Art In Station Eleven

Magazines in houses that were deserted in order to try to recollect the world she was once living in and keen memories about the people she once knew and cared for. Lost memories sometimes are results of post-traumatic experiences and in Kirsten case it was...

Comparative Analysis Of Station Eleven And War For The Planet Of The Apes

The history of humanity has been riddled with new diseases and mass pandemics that have threatened the collapse of society. In today’s media, artists like to imagine a world where this disastrous event does happen, when medicine fails and the world is thrust into a...

Hope and Faith as the Tools for Survival in "Station Eleven"

The doomsday book Station Eleven by Emily Mandel has the theme of faith and fate, demonstrates how in events of struggle and fear, such as an epidemic, people turn to faith for help. The author represents faith as something that has similar importance in the...

Dystopian Society In Never Let Me Go

Never Let Me Go, written by Kazuo Ishiguro in 2005, is about the perspective of a female named Kathy who grows up knowing how she will die and her friends. They attend a boarding school called Hailsham that raises them from birth and is informed...

• Never Let Me Go

Feminism in Dystopian Novels: Parable of the Sower, Woman on the Edge of Time, and Binti

Feminism has been changing the way people think about gender since the 1960’s, and this change can be seen in the writers of different novels. Feminism and gender roles are portrayed in the characters in Woman on the Edge of Time by Marge Piercy, Parable...

• Parable of The Sower

Trepidant of Dystopian Societies: Brave New World and V for Vendetta

Throughout the novel, Brave New World by Aldous Huxley and the movie V for Vendetta, directed by James McTeigue, the author and director both reveal and display significant messages about how dystopian societies function and maneuver of how dictatorial governments rule the civilization. Through the...

• V For Vendetta

Thebes’ Dystopian Aspects in Oedipus Rex by Sophocles

While the definition of dystopia is being debated by scholars to this day, Gregory Claeys provides a broad definition as to what the concept of dystopia is: something that showcases the “negative visions of humanity generally” (Vieira 3), is opposite to what is regarded as...

• Oedipus The King

Critical Appreciation of Dystopian Themes in The Children of Men

The ‘Children of Men’ presents the various dystopian tropes through the use of the linguistic techniques in order to question society’s troubles and create a parable to our own reality. PD James introduces the dystopian trope of the uncanny through this setting. By using similar...

• Children of Men

The Dichotomy of Dystopian and Utopian Societies in "The Giver"

Lois Lowry's novel "The Giver" explores the concept of a society that strives for perfection, leading to both a utopian and dystopian reality. In the novel, the protagonist, Jonas, lives in a seemingly perfect world, where everyone is content and there is no suffering or...

Analysis of The Truman Show Through the Ideas of Utopian and Dystopian Society

What if the reality you are used to see is not the real one? How would you feel if you discovered that during your whole live you have been controlled and used as entertainment? The aim of this essay is to compare the film The...

• The Truman Show

Station Eleven: Exposing the Fragility of Society Through Fictional Characters

Station Eleven is a novel about a society devolving into a Dystopia, but it also explores what a society is. Mandel explores society through different perspectives by describing events prior to its downfall. For example, Arthur and Miranda’s migration from a small island into a...

The Terryfing Ideas of Change in V for Vendetta

Politician Jerry Brown once said, “Where there is a sufficient social movement of self-reliant communities, there can be political change. There must be political change.” V for Vendetta (2006) originated from a graphic novel written by Allan Moore and is set in a dystopian Great-Britain...

Blade Runner as one of Cinematic Masterpieces

‘Blade Runner’ film by Ridley Scott is an adaptation of the book ‘Do Andriod’s Dream of Electric Sheep’ by Philip K. Dick. The story follows the main protagonist Rick Deckard, a retired police officer who retired NEXUS 6 replicants, living in a dystopian LA, 2019....

• Blade Runner

Impact of Dystopian Regime on Individuality in Huger Games and Divergent

Introduction The 2012 film “The Hunger Games’ by Gary Ross and the 2014 film “Divergent” by Neil Burger use a range of similar and different techniques to explore the themes of oppression, empowerment and rebellion and its impact on individuality. Ross and Burger’s sci-fi thrillers...

The Control of Life by the Government in the Dystopian World of "Divergent"

In the novel Divergent, it tells about a dystopian society and how they separate each other into five factions, the factionless, and a wall. These five factions all have a different role and a different way of life. Dauntless are the brave and fearless, Abnegation...

• Social Control

The Constraints of Realism as a Democratic Art

Introduction Realism, as an artistic movement, emerged as a response to the idealism and romanticism of earlier periods. It aimed to depict the world in an objective and unembellished manner, presenting an authentic representation of reality. However, despite its intentions, realism faces certain constraints as...

Depiction of Dystopian Worlds in The Handmaid's Tale and 1984

Dystopian literature questions the power of language, both Atwood’s ‘The Handmaid’s Tale’ and Orwell’s ‘Nineteen Eighty - four’ showcases a variety of qualities necessary to advocate one’s freedom. Whilst both novelists share the common theme of language limiting both freedom and knowledge the two texts...

The Impact of Cinematography on Portrayal of Dystopia in Film

It is in the creation of dystopian film that universal issues of a political, social and cultural concern are made more widely relevant and accessible to a contemporary audience. The value of such dystopic representations of society derives from the filmmaker’s ability to timelessly comment...

• Film Analysis

A Comprehensive Analysis of Dystopian Genre in Literature

Dystopian genre blossomed in literature during the nineteenth century and developed significantly as a critical response and an antithesis to utopian fiction and shows utopia gone awry. The word ‘dystopia’ can be translated from Greek as ‘bad place’ and usually it depicts something a society...

Feminist Dystopia in Margaret Atwood “The Handmaid's Tale”

Feminism is a political and social movement; it shares a recurrent goal which is to achieve political, economic, personal, and social equality of sexes (IWDA). A dystopia is a society that is crumbling, decaying or in a tyrannized and terrorized state. They divulge the public’s...

The Handmaid's Tale and Animal Farm: Defamiliarizing Reproduction and Totalitarian Regimes

In his book, Dystopian Literature: A Theory and Research Guide, Professor M. Keith Booker argues that the principle literary strategy that dystopian literature utilizes is defamiliarization. He states that 'by focusing their critiques of society on imaginatively distant settings, dystopian fictions provide fresh perspectives on...

• Animal Farm

A Comparison of the Current World to Huxley's Brave New World

Is the Modern World in Danger of Becoming the Brave New World? In his 1932 dystopian novel, Brave New World, Aldous Huxley describes a future “World State” government that models its civilization on the principles of community, identity, and stability. The inhabitants of this world...

• Bioengineering

We By Yevgeny Zamyatin: The Terrible Consequences Of The Abandonment

In this 20st century novel it can be inferred that the story is an allegory on the early Soviet Union. The story is taking place in the future and is a dystopia. Totalitarianism and conformity are characteristics of the Soviet Union society of that time....

• Book Review

Sacred Games And Black Mirror: Crafted Dark Stories Opening Doors To Reality

The age of cliffhangers rewrites the style of stories being told “Kabhi kabhi lagta hai apun hi Bhagwan hai!” If this line rings a bell in your head, then you too, are probably among the majority whose minds that got influenced by Sacred Games. The...

Best topics on Dystopia

1. Feminism and Totalitarism in ‘The Handmaid’s Tale’ Dystopia Novel

2. Futuristic World in Dystopia: the Illusion of a Happy Society

3. Technology Myth In “The Circle” By Dave Eggers

4. Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale as Dystopian Fiction

5. Presentation Of Authoritarian Control In George Orwell’s 1984 And Brave New World

6. Survival Is Insufficient In Novel Of Station Eleven

7. The Lifetime Memories Of The Past And Present In Station Eleven And Monkey Beach

8. The Theme Of Gratitude As A Beacon Of Hope As Seen In Station Eleven

9. The Comparison Of Dystopian Worlds In 1984 And Brave New World

10. The Expression Of Memories Through Art In Station Eleven

11. Comparative Analysis Of Station Eleven And War For The Planet Of The Apes

12. Hope and Faith as the Tools for Survival in “Station Eleven”

13. Dystopian Society In Never Let Me Go

14. Feminism in Dystopian Novels: Parable of the Sower, Woman on the Edge of Time, and Binti

15. Trepidant of Dystopian Societies: Brave New World and V for Vendetta

• Sonny's Blues
• A Raisin in The Sun
• William Shakespeare
• Hidden Intellectualism
• A Long Way Gone
• A Separate Peace
• Robinson Crusoe
• A Good Man Is Hard to Find
• A Man For All Seasons

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How to Write a Dystopian Story: 3 Tips for Writing Dystopian Fiction

Written by MasterClass

Last updated: Aug 17, 2021 • 4 min read

From Veronica Roth’s New York Times bestselling Divergent trilogy to James Dashner’s Maze Runner series, dystopian stories offer lessons about the present by looking ahead to the future. Dystopian novels can challenge readers to think differently about their social and political climate—and in some instances can even inspire action.

• Writing Prompts

56 Dystopian Writing Prompts

Escape to a dark, disheartened world with these 56 dystopian writing prompts .

Mass poverty, cruelty and fear cover a dystopian world. From the shelter-like homes to the dark, broken streets. Life is hard. When writing a story set in a dystopian world you need to describe the harsh reality of this world in great detail. Make the reader fear this world. Think about the leaders who have control. This control might be significant, where harsh rules are made to keep the peace. Alternatively, there could be a rebellion, where leaders have no control and civilians are running havoc. See our master list of world-building questions to help develop a believable dystopian world.

A dystopian world is a world in shatters and ruins. How did it become this way? What rules and regimes do civilians follow, if any? What type of crime is most prominent in this world? These questions will help you create a realistic and powerful dystopian world for your readers.

Looking for some name ideas for your new world? Check out this world name generator . You might also find this list of Earth day writing prompts and this list of over 110 sci-fi writing prompts .

Dystopian writing prompts

To help you create a powerful story about a society in crisis, here are our 56 dystopian writing prompts:

• In the year 2,121, sea levels have risen at an extreme rate. 98% of the Earth is now underwater. The remaining 2% is made of small islands scattered across the Earth. With resources at a scarcity, the islands must work together if they are to survive.
• A virus has wiped out 95% of humanity in the future. The only survivors are machines and a group of secret underground warriors who rebelled against technology for centuries.
• In the future, a virus has caused some humans to mutate into ravenous troll-like beasts. While the remaining humans have to learn to survive in the world with these beasts.
• The life expectancy of people has dropped drastically in the future. At the age of 18, humans start to deteriorate and slowly pass away. The ruler is an arrogant 14-year-old kid.
• Scientists have combined robotics with human tissue to increase the life expectancy of humans. Apart from the vital organs, such as lungs and heart, as well as parts of the brain, humans are mostly robotic. Eventually, humans start losing control of their bodies to machines. 
• From the moment a human is born to the day they die, humans are connected to the internet. Everything they need to know about life is on a screen to which they are connected. One day, a technology outbreak completely wipes the internet. Humans are switched off. What happens next?
• Scientists have found the secret to endless happiness. They create a new pill that needs to be taken once a day to remain happy. But is this new pill all as it seems?
• To promote equality in the future, humans have to dress the same and talk the same. Any inappropriate English and slang words are banned. All around the world, everyone must speak English. If these rules are broken, the rule breaker will be sentenced to prison or even death.
• With the brand new Cloner 3000, cloning is just a button press away. Clone your cat, your dog and even yourself if you dare. What are the potential dangers of cloning yourself too many times? 
• Law and order is destroyed in the future. People are free to do whatever they want without any consequences. Until a group of vigilante heroes decide to recreate the law.
• There are two types of people, the rich and the poor. The rich have an extreme amount of money and power. And the poor are living on the streets and undergrounds, struggling to get by. A poor orphan girl is adopted by a rich family and discovers a deadly secret about how the rich become rich. 
• The excessive use of technology and social media has meant that 95% of the world suffers from extreme social phobia. The slightest human interaction results in mass panic attacks. One brave human decides to create a group where people can meet face to face regularly to help them overcome this fear.
• Crime has become such a huge issue in the future, that every home in the world has become a prison cell. Prison guards patrol the streets and provide prisoners with the essentials. One guard feeling guilty that his family is locked behind bars, tries freeing them, and soon things get out of control. 
• Oxygen is the new currency in the future. Instead of money people buy, earn and sell little canisters of oxygen. Continue this dystopian story…
• Desperate to create the perfect world, the government provides every person with a free virtual reality headset. Once worn, the person is transported to a tranquil utopia. Meanwhile, the government secretly has other plans in the real world. 
• A virus has turned every tree, plant and flower on earth into flesh-eating monsters. The only way to survive is to kill all plant life on Earth, but how will the planet survive?
• A new mobile app in the future tells people when to eat, sleep, drink and essentially live. Without the app, humans would be lost, confused and clueless. A group of cyber hackers, hack this app to gain control of all humans. 
• Being the main cause of social disorders and suicides, the internet is banned in the year 2,098. With the ban of the internet, people slowly resort to the old ways of living before the internet ever existed. Until a group of individuals find a way to bring back the net. 
• Bored of old-style video gaming, humans resort to sticking chips inside prisoners. Once a prisoner is chipped, they can be controlled like a video game character. 
• Desperate to be beautiful and young, rich people resort to stealing the actual skin and facial features of ordinary people. These extreme surgeries soon start to have a weird effect on humans.
• The Earth has been destroyed by a huge asteroid. A few humans that survived by living underground finally emerge to start a new life on Earth. 
• With the Earth’s population at an all-time high, it’s time for every human to prove their worth. After the age of 16, humans must take a test every year. If they fail the test, they are killed immediately. One young adult scores incredibly high on the test making them the ‘chosen one’. 
• Due to the lack of resources on Earth, all luxury items have been banned. People survive on basic rations of bread, rice and beans each month. No vanity items, such as jewellery or make-up are allowed. One day a group of civilians discover that luxury items do exist, but only the leaders can use them. 
• For the sake of human evolution, scientists have turned the small town of Whitefish into a huge science experiment. No one is allowed to enter or leave the city unless they are told so. Every now and then, a new stimulus is introduced, so that scientists can record the human reactions for a research paper. 
• Write a story about the aftermath of World War 5. Who was at war and who lost it? What devastation did the war create on Earth?
• In the far future, robots are responsible for creating human life. They carefully program each human when they are born to do certain tasks in life. One human realizes that they don’t need to follow the orders programmed in them and fights for freedom.
• After a huge asteroid hits Earth, the last two survivors have to find a way to recreate life. It’s a modern, dystopian Adam and Eve story.
• World leaders ban religion and talk of God in the future. A man discovers a secret church up in the mountains where people secretly believe in God. 
• Due to animal cruelty, people are no longer allowed to have animals as pets in the future. All pets live out in the wild without any human masters. One homeless teenager finds a hurt dog in the wild and takes care of it. Eventually, authorities find out about this forbidden friendship.
• A bored scientist dedicates his whole life to recreating popular monsters like vampires, werewolves and Frankenstein’s monster in real life. He finally masters the procedure and offers it to rich people at a price.
• Tired of the rat race and busy city-living, people move to the country to live a peaceful and calm life. Eventually, cities like New York City become a playground for criminals and runaways.
• When the human population on land reaches an all-time high. One man goes on a quest to create the ultimate underwater city for humans. Continue this story.
• In the year 2,121, 100% of the population becomes vegan. Eating any sort of animal product is considered cannibalism. Farm animals realize that humans will no longer eat them, so decide to plan their revenge.
• Cyber-pets become a huge thing in the future. Technology advances so much that people would rather buy robotic pets inside of real ones. This results in more stray animals on the streets. With no human love, the pets turn into savages attacking both humans and the cyber-pets.
• Humans have left Earth for a better life on Mars. One day, thousands of years later, a space astronaut from Mars lands on Earth to find…
• In the future, the majority of jobs have been taken over by robots. The only way to earn money is to take part in a series of games and challenges created by the rich for their entertainment.
• Everyone on Earth has experienced some sort of mutation in the future. This mutation has made humans powerful and troll-like. As the only pure human (with no mutations), your character’s daughter is kidnapped by a group of mutants who want to use her blood to make humans human-like again. 
• Imagine you are the last human survivor on Earth. What would you do alone on Earth?
• Describe a future where all humans are either deaf or blind.
• You and your family live underground away from all the technology. Write a series of diary entries about life underground.
• Sugar is banned completely in the future. Even fruits that taste sugary are no longer available. You are the leader of a secret underground group that creates your own homemade sugar. However since humans haven’t tasted sugar in a long time, the results become very dangerous.
• Since Earth has been destroyed, every family lives in their own spaceship homes floating around the galaxy. Every now and then you need to protect your home from space invaders, pirates and of course black holes.
• Write a story about one boy, his dog and a group of robots living on Earth as the only survivors. 
• Lying dormant deep at the core of the Earth, dragons finally awake. After a series of powerful earthquakes, they burst through the ground one by one. 
• With surveillance cameras watching everyone. A new TV show called, ‘Did They Really Do That’ airs across the nation showing the most embarrassing moments of civilians living in your area. You then go on a mission to destroy all surveillance and destroy the TV show.
• One man’s dream to swim with the dolphins is taken to extremes, as he genetically modifies a group of humans, so that they can swim underwater. Unknowingly these humans turn into monstrous mermaid-like creatures.
• Huge floating islands are created all over Earth to cope with the increase in the human population. These floating islands become new countries on the map with their own rules and way of life. 
• In the year 3,021 world peace is finally achieved. Everyone lives in perfect harmony. But how was this world peace achieved? One curious civilian makes a shocking discovery.
• Write a news article about the latest riot happening in your town in the year 2,899. Why did this riot happen? Who was involved? Where did it happen? What exactly happened before and during the riot?
• You are a lab assistant for a company that creates genetic make-up for humans. The make-up keeps humans looking young for their entire lifespan of 180 years. One day you discover something shocking…
• Cats and dogs have evolved into human-shaped beings. They now rule Earth and treat humans like pets. 
• Due to natural extinction and the threat of disease, all animals are gone in the future. You and your family have created a secret underground zoo , which holds the last remaining animals on Earth.
• Write a story from the perspective of a servant robot who wants to be the mayor of the city. 
• Scientists have learned to extract emotions from humans and contain them in jars. At a price, you can remove negative emotions like anger, sadness and fear. You can also sell and buy positive emotions like happiness. To obtain a new emotion, you simply inhale the emotion directly from the jar. In a special clinic, over 10,000 jars of emotions are contained, until one day…
• The Earth is a massive video game for advanced aliens living on a distant planet. They randomly spawn monsters whenever they feel like, and can control any human they like. One day the aliens are so bored that they create a big scary boss monster for a town of people to fight.
• In an effort to create a better world, all humans must take a personality test. If your personality does not meet the criteria set by the government, then you are sent to work camps. People at the work camps live a horrible life of abuse, torture and endless hard work for 18 hours a day. Imagine that your main character fails the personality test, and is sent to one of these camps.

For more gritty ideas, check out our guide on what is dieselpunk plus story ideas .

What do you think of these dystopian writing prompts? Which one is your favourite? Let us know in the comments below.

Marty the wizard is the master of Imagine Forest. When he's not reading a ton of books or writing some of his own tales, he loves to be surrounded by the magical creatures that live in Imagine Forest. While living in his tree house he has devoted his time to helping children around the world with their writing skills and creativity.

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Dystopian Society Essay

The term Orwellian originated from George Orwell’s novel notably Nineteen Eighty-Four and Animal Farm. Both novels had a common theme, the attempt to become a utopia society but result in a dystopia society. Utopia is the opposite of dystopia where utopia is the idea of the best possible society, whereas a dystopia society can be described as a human-created hell (Geeraert, March 21). An Orwellian society is a result of an attempted utopia society gone badly. The term Orwellian implies characteristics in Nineteen Eighty-Four the make it Orwellian; propaganda, surveillance, and manipulation by the government.

Notably in the past 20 years’ society has become more and more Orwellian. In George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four and in today’s contemporary society we can analyze a wide variety of topics that are considered Orwellian. This essay will compose an analysis from the term Orwellian, and provide examples of surveillance, Thought Police, and Newspeak in contemporary society. In Nineteen Eighty-Four, George Orwell depicts a main theme of surveillance. Surveillance includes Big Brother, where Big Brother uses the technology of telescreens in people’s homes.

The telescreens would pick up audio and a live stream video from citizen’s homes by the Thought Police. The concept of Thought Police will be analyzed further in this essay. Winston mentions, “There was of course no way of knowing whether you were being watched at any given moment” (Orwell, p. ). These telescreens have formed the idea, “BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU” (Orwell, p. ) as well has propaganda with these words on large posters. This idea is a form of psychological manipulation, where citizens in Nineteen Eighty-Four are continuously reminded that Big Brother is watching them.

The constant surveillance of Big Brother results in citizens unconsciously and consciously being aware of their behaviors, actions, and thoughts. The thought that these telescreens might not have actually been turned on and/or being watched by “Big Brother” crosses my mind as Winston also was never able to determine whether or not Big Brother actually exists. The idea that Big Brother or someone/Thought Police is watching you can have an unconscious psychological impact opposed to the actual action of someone watching. Mind control may have a large impact than the actual action of watching every citizen.

In contemporary society, there is no doubt citizens are being watched, this including surveillance cameras, bar codes, computer spy wear, credit cards, airports searches, computer and cell phone history, iPhone tracking and any other daily behaviors that take account of personal information. Notably, iPhone tracking has been a major and recent function, this function records exactly where you’ve been and for how long you spent there. This function can benefit the user, for example, suggesting and telling the user when they should leave their house to go to work, yet this could be a hazardous and dangerous function for iPhone user’s safety.

As well has benefits to the user and possible dangerous GPS tracking can propose, the idea that this technology is invading the United States Fourth Amendment is a controversial idea. Susan Freiwald a law professor at the University of San Francisco had been working on a case in which she related the modern technology has turned law enforcement into Big Brother. “The Jones case requires the Supreme Court to decide whether modern technology has turned law enforcement into Big Brother, able to monitor and record every move we make outside our homes” (Liptak, 2011).

These actions and modes of surveillance are small steps to an Orwellian society that occur in today’s contemporary society. With Freiwald’s view that GPS tracking could be directly associated with Big Brother, provides evidence that contemporary society might indeed be Orwellian. Some people claim and view that constant surveillance in contemporary society is to be feared, and can include feelings of a betrayal of one’s privacy. Regardless of personal claims of fear and loss of privacy, a majority if not all policies of surveillance are put in place for overall safety and protection of homes, stores, property, and individuals.

Surveillance as a method of protection could be a stepping stone into an Orwellian society. An Orwellian society forms when the attempt to become Utopia results in dystopia. The protection that comes with surveillance methods and the overall surveillance either by Big Brother or by general surveillance of our everyday habits might be a small stepping stone in the making of an Orwellian society. Another main theme in Nineteen Eighty-Four is the idea of the Thought Police. The Thought Police monitor thoughts, as citizens commit “Thoughtcrime. ” Thoughtcrime includes merely thinking something against Big Brother/law.

The Thought Police keep a constant watch on whether Thoughtcrime is being committed; surveillance as previously mentioned is used in monitoring Thoughtcrime. A large majority of Winston’s thoughts are considered Thoughtcrimes; Winston begins by writing “DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER” in his diary (Orwell, p. ). Another example includes, “To the future or to the past, to a time when thought is free, when men are different from one another and do not live alone – to a time when truth exists and what is done cannot be undone: From the age of uniformity, from the age of solitude, from the age of BIG BROTHER, from the age of doublethink – greetings! (Orwell, p. ).

This statement dictates Winston is interested in a large-scale rebellion in which to overthrow Big Brother/government. This is a major Thoughtcrime committed by Winston. In contemporary society, the government uses a form of surveillance to seek a form of Thoughtcrime which can help fight terrorism. Thoughtcrime includes going against current laws. In the United States, there is a Patriot Act, which stands for Uniting and Strengthening American by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism.

The Patriot Act was quickly put in place after September 11, 2001. Viet Dihn mentions “Section 215 allows the government to act as Big Brother, snooping on innocent citizens in a manner reminiscent of George Orwell’s “1984” (Dihn, p. 463) This statement is part of a debate in which Dihn concludes that “The Patriot Act is far from being the executive grab for power and extension of government that many portray it as” (Dihn, p. 467).

This act is similar to Orwell’s totalitarian government where the government has the ability to search telephone calls, emails, medical records or any person who is suspected of terrorism, and in Nineteen Eighty-Four two-way telescreens and the Thought Police who track citizens. Today’s government can detect and fight terrorism through a similar notion of Thought Police the Patriot Act and the concept and method of surveillance; as a result, contemporary society is in the making of becoming an Orwellian society.

In Nineteen Eighty-Four the government used Newspeak as a tool to limit thought by eliminating rebellious terms with the purpose of shortening the society’s range of thoughts and word choices, for citizens to be easier to control. This also contributes to the idea that being told you are being watched by Big Brother through the two-way telescreens is a form of mind control. Newspeak is also able to reduce Thoughtcrime suggests the government in Nineteen Eighty-Four. “Don’t you see that the whole aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range of thought?

In the end, we shall make thoughtcrime literally impossible, because there will be no words in which to express it. ” (Orwell, Ch. 5? ) This quote is key in identifying contemporary examples of Newspeak. For example, political jargon is a major contemporary form of Newspeak and doublethink. Doublethink often obscures, alters and reverses the meaning of words. Recently the United States President, Donald Trump has provided several examples of political Jargon. Side note, many of Trumps supports enjoy has blunt and “tell it like it is” attitude, which is humours/dangerous when you understand his use of contemporary Newspeak.

In Nineteen Eighty-Four, doublethink is used when something means the opposite. For example, Donald Trump saying, “For those here illegally today, who are seeking legal status, they will have one route and one route only: To return home and apply for re-entry like everybody else, under the rules of the new legal immigration system that I have outline” (Peysha, 2016), and then proceeds in doublethink, “We will be in a position to consider the appropriate disposition of those individuals who remain” (Peysha, 2016).

In this example, Trump has taken two or more different stands on an issue, resulting in a contemporary form of Newspeak/Doublethink. In Nineteen Eighty-Four, the government began using Newspeak and doublethink to gain control over citizens and in today’s contemporary society, politicians and presidents continue to use this Orwellian notion of Newspeak. In conclusion, through surveillance, Thought Police, and Newspeak examples in Nineteen Eighty-Four and contemporary society have aspects of being Orwellian.

This essay discussed surveillance and the protection it can provide, the Thought Police and how it can identify a terrorist, and now contemporary politicians use political jargon which is a form of Newspeak. Surveillance, Thought Police and Newspeak have the ability and the stepping stones to convert and create an Orwellian society if the idea of becoming a better future/Utopia converts into a human-created hell/dystopia.

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The Psychology of Dystopia and Resistance

Orwell, atwood, star trek, cixin, and milton understand tyrants and subversion..

Posted May 4, 2020 | Reviewed by Lybi Ma

I am guilty of being a slacktivist. I send money to causes I support, sign petitions, write letters, and vote. But you’ll rarely find me making phone calls for a cause and you’ll never find me going door to door. I’m an introvert who finds participating in group activities challenging. Martin Niemoller’s famous quotation beginning, “First they came for the Communists” (see image) gets me every time, and I pay the price in guilt and shame to be able to keep to myself.

Perhaps this very post is a defense mechanism , a way for me to justify my guilt for not being a better citizen.

But those of us who watch and don’t do enough might do something important after all— after all, although perhaps not in this moment. Affective and cognitive stances, and the inner resistance that they fuel, are not to be lightly dismissed. The vast majority of dystopian fiction focuses on the vital goal for oppressors to control not merely the actions of subjects, but their thoughts and, even more important, their feelings. Given the pernicious and insidious ways that ideology works, this is also true of real dystopias, but I will confine myself to fictional accounts.

Let’s take the most famous and influential dystopian novel written in English, George Orwell’s 1984 . The government is not content with obedient subjects, nor with brainwashing, but must control the desires of its citizens. They must make Winston betray the love of his life, for only then will they possess his body and soul. And such possession is crucial to absolute control. Let’s fast forward to Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale . The initiation of the Handmaids consists of weeks of brainwashing and indoctrination. Offred ostensibly goes along with it all, and if you’re looking for a slacktivist, or someone who deliberately abstains from political participation, Offred qualifies. Her mother was a second-wave feminist, and she has been reacting against political participation throughout her life as a way of distinguishing herself from her overbearing parent. Offred does not heroically try to escape the training grounds of the gymnasium (unlike Moira), and she does everything in her power to conform and survive.

What makes her so dangerous is the very interiority, distinctively individual and redolent with feeling and desire, that the novel instantiates through her distinctive narrative voice. Here, for instance, is Offred’s poetic description of Serena Joy’s garden (Joy is the wife in the household to which Offred belongs, likely based on Tammy Bakker):

"There is something subversive about this garden of Serena’s a sense of buried things bursting upwards, wordlessly, into the light, as if to point, to say: Whatever is silenced will clamor to be heard, though silently. A Tennyson garden, heavy with scent , languid; the return of the word swoon. . . . The willow is in full plumage and is no help, with its insinuating whispers. Rendezvous, it says, terraces; the sibilants run up my spine, a shiver as if in fever.”

The poetic nature of the description reveals that the distinctive individuality of Offred’s perceptions and feelings remain intact. Her poetic use of metaphor shows that she has retained her creativity and autonomy despite circumstances, while her reference to Tennyson demonstrates that she is still very much linked to the world that Gilead has tried to obliterate. And the passage is suffused with the affect that belonged to that world; words with sexual and romantic connotations—"bursting," "swoon," "rendezvous"—reveal that among the things clamoring to be heard are Offred’s own desires. Notably, that which "clamours to be heard” does so “silently” a metaphor for Offred’s own situation: her subversive feelings are active, although quiet.

She will do nothing, but she will not lose her desires—sexual in this passage, but also focused on the daughter she has lost and the freedoms she yearns for. Offred is not a member of the network of activists working against Gilead, but her very state of mind enables her to challenge its authority through her actions when the right time comes (and we see how crucial this is in Atwood’s sequel, The Testaments ).

Fast forward again to the Star Trek series indebted to the dystopian tradition through one of its most popular creations, The Borg. The Borg attain the kind of conformity and erasure of individuality that dystopias outside of the delta quadrant and lacking twenty-third-century technology can only dream about. They assimilate other species, replacing organic parts with machinery that enables their victims to become part of a collective mind. The Voyager series often focused on Trek’s most famous Borg rescue, Seven of Nine, and her struggle to regain her humanity (she was assimilated as a child). Much of this struggle centers on her quest to think of herself as an individual and to find and value distinctive creativity and interiority.

Many Voyager fans disliked the late plot addition of Seven’s romance with Chakotay, but this was actually an effective way to demonstrate that she had succeeded in her personal quest. Like the romantic trysting at the core of much dystopian resistance (Offred and Nick, Winston and Julia), Seven’s romantic longings express her ultimate separation from the Borg and its dystopian values. The romantic fantasies she enacts on the Holodeck are the equivalent of Offred’s thoughts of sex with Nick (the Holodeck has often functioned as the subconscious place of the forbidden in the Trek world).

Lest you think that I or the dystopian fictions I refer to are merely propaganda for Western individualism—an emphasis on individual liberty at the expense of collective good—I assure you that the assertion of individual creativity and desire that dystopias struggle to uproot are quite different from an insistence on destructive autonomy. I will turn to a Chinese author to make my point, Liu Cixin. In The Three Body Problem , the first novel in his Remembrance of Earth’s Past trilogy, Cixin shows that the dystopian aspects of the Cultural Revolution, its quest to control and homogenize thought and desire, led to the creation of monsters on both sides of the political spectrum. If you attack people by making fulfillment of innate and “hard-wired” yearnings impossible, the wish for community, love, and trust that we share with other great apes, the results will be disastrous.

Dystopias are a ticking time-bomb. Cixin might be critical of certain aspects of Chinese politics and culture, but he is not a western individualist, and he is not arguing for the kind of “succeed if you can and everyone else be damned” attitude that characterizes the worst aspects of Western individualism. The argument for the value, sanctity, and subversive potential of affect has nothing to do with such individualism, which allows some people’s desires to flourish at the expense of others. And if you’re looking for successful dystopian indoctrination, libertarian thought might be a good place to begin. Try to find some individuality in that crowd.

When the poet John Milton could no longer participate in politics because of his blindness, he wrote his great sonnet "When I Consider How My Light Is Spent," which concludes with the famous lines, “They also serve who only stand and wait.” “Service” or as we might say “fighting the good fight” is not only a matter of activity but also of internal states of mind. We need people on the front lines, doing what they can do at the macro level. But we also need those who support them, and those ready to step forward when the time is right.

Wendy Jones, Ph.D. , a practicing psychotherapist and former English professor, is the author of J ane on the Brain: Exploring the Science of Social Intelligence with Jane Austen .

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Gendered Oppression in 'The Handmaid's Tale' and '1984'

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Nate Silver Gives Us Good Odds for a Bad Future

In “On the Edge,” the election forecaster argues that the gambler’s mind-set has come to define modern life.

Peter Thiel addresses a conference for the cryptocurrency Bitcoin in Miami Beach in 2022. Credit... Chandan Khanna/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images

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Tim Wu is a law professor at Columbia University and the author, most recently, of “The Curse of Bigness: Antitrust in the New Gilded Age.”

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ON THE EDGE: The Art of Risking Everything , by Nate Silver

A common trope in dystopian fiction — “ The Hunger Games ,” “ Chain-Gang All-Stars ” — is the wealthy society that devotes itself to ever more exotic and expansive forms of gambling. Nate Silver, best known as a statistician and election modeler, makes the case that we are at least partway there.

We haven’t quite started taking bets on the survivors of a televised battle royale, but in his engaging and entertaining new book, “On the Edge,” Silver describes how the decision-making methods of the professional gambler have spread to encompass a wide swath of human activities, from cryptocurrency investment to the pursuit of a more ethical life. He offers readers an interview-driven tour of the parts of America where the outlooks and incomes depend on sophisticated forms of risk-taking. The result is a glimpse of the economy of the future.

Not all of these human calculators are the same. Silver and his subjects live along what he calls “the River.” Upstream are the economists and philosophers who do math and solve logic puzzles for lofty reasons like maximizing happiness. Float on a little ways and you will spot the Wall Street traders and stockbrokers. Keep going all the way down to the place where the River meets the shore and you’ll find yourself bobbing among the small-time crypto investors and card sharks. Now you’re really at sea.

No matter their vocation or chosen hobbies, citizens of the River are united in their point of view; to them, everything is a probability, a question of “expected value.” River people look everywhere for an “edge” — an insight into something hard to predict that will give them a profitable betting strategy over the long term. Might the markets be systematically underestimating the New York Mets or Robert F. Kennedy Jr.? Pick the right pony, and there could be a reliable path to wealth and glory.

“When I began working on this book, I knew I’d have conversations with poker players, venture capitalists and cryptocurrency enthusiasts,” Silver writes. “I didn’t think I’d spend a lot of time talking with philosophers.” But Silver found that a lot of the philosophers — and many of the artificial intelligence coders — he spoke to were associated with an intellectual movement related to gambling: effective altruism.

Like a gambler or an investment banker (or the 18th-century utilitarian Jeremy Bentham), effective altruists are focused on ethical calculations based on outcomes. If you’re comfortable allowing one man to die to save five or if you like worrying about whether we’re grossly underinvested in protecting Earth from asteroid collisions (low odds, but an enormous loss in value), you’re probably in the tribe. “Many poker players and many people in finance” don’t care about other people, the Oxford philosopher and leading light of effective altruism Will MacAskill tells Silver. “But some do.”

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Home — Essay Samples — Literature — The Giver — The Dystopian Society in “The Giver” by Lois Lowry

The Dystopian Society in "The Giver" by Lois Lowry

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Published: Feb 12, 2019

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