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Essay On Federalism in Nepal | 500+ Words Essay

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Table of Content

• Introduction To Federalism

Key Features of Federalism

Nepal's history.

• Benefits of Federalism in Nepal
• Challenges and Solutions of Federalism

Empowering Locals

Cultural preservation.

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Federalism in Nepal

Introduction.

Federalism is a system of government that divides power and authority between a central government and multiple smaller, regional governments. In the context of Nepal, federalism was introduced in 2015 as a significant transformation in the country's governance structure. This change aimed to address historical disparities, empower local communities, and promote inclusive development.

Nepal's federalism model consists of three levels of government: federal, provincial, and local. The federal government handles matters of national importance, such as foreign policy and national security. The provincial governments focus on issues that impact their respective regions, while local governments handle community-specific concerns. This division of power allows decisions to be made at the level closest to the people, ensuring better understanding and responsiveness.

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Benefits of Federalism

Federalism in Nepal has brought several benefits. Firstly, it has promoted inclusivity by giving a voice to different ethnic and cultural groups. Each province can make decisions that reflect their unique needs and priorities. Secondly, federalism has enhanced local governance. Local governments are more aware of local challenges and can tailor solutions accordingly. Thirdly, it has encouraged economic development by allowing regions to exploit their resources and opportunities more effectively.

Challenges and Solutions

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One of the significant achievements of federalism in Nepal is the empowerment of local communities. Local governments now have authority over education, health, and infrastructure development. This has led to faster decision-making and implementation of projects that directly benefit the people. It has also encouraged civic engagement as citizens actively participate in local governance processes.

Federalism in Nepal is a transformative step towards a more inclusive and prosperous nation. It addresses historical disparities, empowers local communities, and encourages sustainable development. While challenges exist, proper coordination, capacity-building, and cultural preservation efforts can help overcome them. As Nepal's youth, understanding and actively participating in this federal structure will shape the country's future, fostering unity in diversity and building a stronger Nepal for generations to come.

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Federalism in Nepal

AI-generated Abstract

This paper explores the challenges and implications of establishing federalism in Nepal following its declaration as a federal democratic republic. It discusses the historical context, ongoing debates around the demarcation of federal states, and the socio-political dynamics influencing the federal structure amidst concerns over class, caste, and representation. The paper emphasizes that while federalism aims to address historical injustices and promote inclusivity, achieving a truly decentralized governance system remains complex.

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A plethora of scholars' contribution elucidates that the constitution of Nepal which was promulgated by deliberative process is a key instrument to deconstruct the federalism. However, little was done to well establish the federalism as an apparatus of socio-economic transformation. This paper examines the core attributes and characteristics of federalism by analysing the constitutional provisions such as state restructuring, power sharing, delevering fundamental rights, and intergovernmental relationships. Both primary and secondary information were used as data source. However, the Constitution 2015 was used as major sources of information. Later, seventy-two key informant interviews were done purposively to triangulate the results. Findings indicate the state was restructured into 7 provinces and 753 local government units. However, no single well-known theory and indicators were adapted to delineate the provinces. Although few indicators were designed to restructure the local governments, the political parties mainly Madheshi were differed to the government decision. In addition, constitution gives legislative, executive and judiciary functions to all levels of governments, while capacity restraints, and lack of legal procedures; federation has been extending its dominant role. Latterly, inter-government relationship was adversely affected due to various reasons. First, imbalances of vertical and horizontal relationships. Second, provincial and local governments' fiscal dependency on federal government. Third, power seeking attitude of the bureaucracy. At the end, an applicable mechanism of service delivery, and governance integrity are recommended for effective federalization.

Journal of South Asian Studies, 2021

This paper examines the core attributes and characteristics of federalism such as state restructuring, power-sharing, ensuring fundamental rights, and intergovernmental relationships. These are underpinned by constitutional provisions of 2015. Both primary and secondary information were used as a data sources. However, the constitution 2015 and citizens' responses were used as major sources of information. Seventy-two key informant interviews were administered purposely to triangulate the results. Findings indicate that the state was reformed into 7 provinces, and 753 local government units. However, much debate and discussions could not take place adequately on behalf of the state regarding the state restructuring process, nor had any established principles and criteria been used. As a result, there are many doubts have been emerged to implement federalism at the grassroots level. Although the government saying was that few indicators were designed to restructure the local governments, the political parties mainly Madheshi and identity-based sub-regional groups differed to the government decision. In addition, the constitution gives legislative, executive, and judiciary functions to all levels of governments, while capacity restraints, and lack of adequate legal procedures; federation have been extending its dominant role. Latterly, the inter-government relationship was adversely affected due for various reasons. For instance, firstly, imbalances of vertical and horizontal relationships; Secondly, provincial, and local governments' fiscal dependency on the federal government; and thirdly, power-seeking attitude of the bureaucracy. In the end, an applicable mechanism of service delivery and governance integrity is recommended for to effective federalization.

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The concept ‘federalism’ in political science, like many other concepts in the social sciences, is without a universally accepted definition. As an ideology on one hand, federalism performs not only the function of explaining and orientating people on the federal phenomenon, but also empowers them to evaluate it and lastly guide political actions and programs to be undertaken in a federation. As a system of government on the other hand, it spells out the power relationship between at least two levels of government i.e how sovereignty is divided between the central government and the federating component units. Why do nations federate?, what are the factors or conditions that necessitated the adoption of federalism by independent nations?, how is a federation to be organised?, how is power to be shared between the said levels of government?, is federalism a means to an end or an end itself?, why do some federations succeed and others fail?. Answering these questions in time past and in recent years has been what the proponents of the diverse theories of federalism have preoccupied themselves with – legal-institutional theory; sociological theory; political/bargaining theory and lastly process/developmental theory. The historical and analytical approaches were adopted over the course of this study with secondary sources of qualitative data as the research methodology.

Many countries at recent are well governing under federalism; meanwhile, a few of the countries are struggling hard to sustain their federal form of government. This research purposes to explore federalism, federal forms, models of federalism that are being practiced in different countries, including the issues, challenges, practices and their relevance of federalism in Nepal. I investigated the significance of federalism in the paper through an intensive analysis of the positive aspects and drawbacks of federalism. For the research, various reference books, articles, and reports are taken under consideration whereas secondary data is supported by primary data. It is qualitative and descriptive research. Federalism, a structure of government combining a general government with regional governments, is roughly found in over 25 countries in the world. Federalism has a federal/central government at the top while the regional governments such as provincial, state, territorial, cantonal, or other sub-unit governments are below the central government. These different tiers of government function cordially in various sectors of development, planning and policy-making of the state and its parts. In the paper, going through the study of models of federalism, the present context of countries exercising federalism and the strength and weakness of the federal model, we can conclude the significance of federalism, its necessity, and ways of achieving it. One shall predict the future of federalism passing through this paper.

This article is prepared by means of primary and secondary sources in the printed books and online portals; and questionnaire. Qualitative approach was applied to collect and analysis of the data. This article intends to explore the concept of federalism, history, practice and impact in Nepal. Federalism is a kind of governance system in which the political power is divided among the central or federal government, provincial government and local level territorial units. Currently, federal executive and federal legislature; state executive and state legislature; and local executive (village executive and municipal executive) and local legislature has been in practice in Nepal. Likewise, Supreme Court, high court, special court, district court and judicial committee in the local level under the vice-chair person of village executive and municipality are the organ of current judicial system in Nepal. Federal system has not been implementing as the will of people, a fewer services of ce...

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There is debate in the academic literature about the origins of federal political system since long time back. This study is an attempt to unfold the issue by analysing the socio-political developments and circumstances vis-à-vis origin of federalism in case of Nepal. This study finds that the Livingston’s “sociological theory” adequately explains the formation and origin of Federalism in case of Nepal. Firstly, Nepal is a case of federalism that has been created through the process of devolution (disaggregation) not through aggregation; secondly it has been created through many political negotiations held by the government of Nepal in response to the demands of various ethno-regional groups of the society, thirdly federalism as a political system has been adopted to replace the centralised monarchical unitary system dominated by single identity. Fourthly it has been evolved as the antidote to the exclusionary nature of the state as well as to accommodate the socio-cultural diversity.

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In Nepal‘s context, concepts like 'development' and 'prosperity' are two age-old (suppressive Rana oligarchy, uni-Panchayat regime and its aftermath) mirages chased by rulers for the ruled ones almost seem to be unattainable. Nevertheless, the mirages of 'development' and 'prosperity' can be materialized when one readily changes his/her antediluvian attitude of fatalism (Bista 1991) and low work ethics. In a recent political paradigm shift from unitary monarchism-oligarchy to multi-party federalism, those two mirages have again been reiterated as Nepalese people's dream and discourse (claimed as Oli-vision) in political arena. In our recent practice, federalism is in its infancy and as a form of government may not matter much first about separating or devolution of political power more effectively, avoiding the power concentration and bringing government responsibilities closer to the citizens. In fact, what acutally matters is its action-oriented...

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The Fashion of Federalism in Nepal: Challenges and Opportunities

• Baburam Bhul Ph.D Scholar, Nepal Open University

This article examines federalism as a political system combining self-rule and shared rule, clarifying the latter's meaning beyond mere participation in central government decisions. The focus is on Nepal's transition from a historically unitary system to a federal structure, a response to longstanding desires for regional development and the elimination of inequalities. This article is based on the review of existing literature. It is also based on secondary data and information and findings of previous research work especially in a thematic approach. The study traces the evolution of Nepal's federal system from its inception, influenced by societal mobilizations and a changing political landscape. The importance of federalism lies in empowering diverse communities while fostering collaboration at different government levels. The article also reviews global perspectives on federalism, emphasizing its role in ensuring peace, democratic resilience, service delivery, and efficient decision-making in diverse, large countries. Key findings highlight the need for active engagement and cooperation between the federal and subnational governments for a successful federalism in Nepal. Nepal's hourglass-shaped federal model effectively distributes power but grapples with fiscal centralization and revenue disparities, underscoring the need for continuous implementation and intergovernmental collaboration for efficient public service delivery. The study emphasizes the significance of honest and dedicated implementation by political parties and advocates for a federal system that guarantees the rights and autonomy of minority groups. Ultimately, Nepal's journey towards federalism strives to correct historical disparities and create an inclusive democracy, fostering economic development at the state level and positioning federal states as economic centers. The federal government's critical role lies in ensuring the security, prosperity, and rights of the people, unlocking the potential of federalism for Nepal's future.  

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