punjabi essay on child labour

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Punjabi Essay on “Child Labour”, “ਬਾਲ ਮਜਦੂਰੀ” Punjabi Essay, Paragraph, Speech for Class 7, 8, 9, 10 and 12 Students.

Child labour .

ਪੁਰਾਣੇ ਸਮੇਂ ਤੋਂ, ਬੱਚਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਰੱਬ ਦਾ ਰੂਪ ਮੰਨਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ, ਪਰ ਅੱਜ ਦੇ ਸਮੇਂ ਵਿੱਚ, ਗਰੀਬ ਬੱਚਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਸਥਿਤੀ ਚੰਗੀ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ. ਜਿੱਥੇ ਅਸੀਂ ਬੱਚਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਦੂਸਰੇ ਦਾ ਰੱਬ ਮੰਨਦੇ ਹਾਂ, ਉਹ ਆਪਣੇ ਹਿੱਤਾਂ ਲਈ ਆਪਣੇ ਬੱਚਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਮਜ਼ਦੂਰਾਂ ਵਜੋਂ ਕੰਮ ਕਰਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਝਿਜਕਦੇ ਨਹੀਂ ਹਨ. ਬਾਲ ਮਜ਼ਦੂਰੀ ਸਮਾਜ ਦੀ ਇਕ ਗੰਭੀਰ ਬੁਰਾਈ ਹੈ। ਜ਼ਿੰਦਗੀ ਦਾ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਖੂਬਸੂਰਤ ਪਲ ਬਚਪਨ ਵਿਚ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ, ਜਿਥੇ ਕਿਸੇ ਲਈ ਕੁਝ ਵੀ ਮਤਲਬ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੁੰਦਾ, ਤਣਾਅ ਦਾ ਮਤਲਬ ਕੁਝ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੁੰਦਾ, ਜ਼ਿੰਦਗੀ ਦਾ ਮਤਲਬ ਸਿਰਫ ਖੇਡਣਾ ਅਤੇ ਮਜ਼ੇ ਲੈਣਾ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ, ਪਰ ਕੁਝ ਬੱਚੇ ਅਜਿਹੇ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦਾ ਬਚਪਨ ਕੰਮ ਤੋਂ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ, ਕੁਝ ਘਰ ਦੇ ਬਾਹਰ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ. ਮਾੜੇ ਹਾਲਾਤਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਜਾਂ ਕਿਸੇ ਨੂੰ ਜ਼ਿੰਦਗੀ ਲਈ ਤਸੀਹੇ ਦਿੱਤੇ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ. ਉਸ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ, ਉਹ ਬਾਲ ਮਜ਼ਦੂਰੀ ਅਖਵਾਉਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਕਾਲੇ ਸੈੱਲ ਵਿਚ ਇਸ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਕੈਦ ਹੋ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਕਦੇ ਵੀ ਉੱਥੋਂ ਬਾਹਰ ਨਹੀਂ ਆ ਸਕਦਾ.

ਜਿਹੜੇ ਬੱਚੇ ਆਪਣੇ ਮੋ shouldਿਆਂ ‘ਤੇ ਦੇਸ਼ ਦਾ ਭਵਿੱਖ ਰੱਖਦੇ ਹਨ, ਉਹੀ ਬੱਚੇ ਇਕ ਗੁਮਨਾਮ ਜ਼ਿੰਦਗੀ ਜਿ toਣ ਲਈ ਮਜਬੂਰ ਹਨ ਉਹ ਸਕੂਲ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਹਰ ਕੱ andੇ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ ਅਤੇ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਤੋਂ ਵਾਂਝੇ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ, ਨਾਲ ਹੀ ਬਾਲ ਮਜ਼ਦੂਰੀ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਮਜਬੂਰ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ. ਬੱਚੇ ਦੀ ਸ਼ਕਤੀਸ਼ਾਲੀ ਖੁਸ਼ਬੂ ਵਰਗੇ ਹਨ. ਨਵਾਂ ਫੁੱਲ, ਜਦੋਂ ਕਿ ਕੁਝ ਲੋਕ ਥੋੜ੍ਹੇ ਜਿਹੇ ਪੈਸੇ ਲਈ ਗੈਰ ਕਾਨੂੰਨੀ theseੰਗ ਨਾਲ ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਬੱਚਿਆਂ ਦੇ ਅਧਿਕਾਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਉਲੰਘਣਾ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ ਅਤੇ ਉਸੇ ਸਮੇਂ ਦੇਸ਼ ਦਾ ਭਵਿੱਖ ਖਰਾਬ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ. ਇਹ ਲੋਕ ਬੱਚਿਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਨਿਰਦੋਸ਼ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਦੀ ਨੈਤਿਕਤਾ ਨਾਲ ਖੇਡਦੇ ਹਨ. ਬੱਚਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਬਾਲ ਮਜ਼ਦੂਰੀ ਤੋਂ ਬਚਾਉਣਾ ਦੇਸ਼ ਦੇ ਹਰ ਨਾਗਰਿਕ ਦੀ ਜ਼ਿੰਮੇਵਾਰੀ ਹੈ। ਇਹ ਇਕ ਸਮਾਜਿਕ ਸਮੱਸਿਆ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਲੰਬੇ ਸਮੇਂ ਤੋਂ ਚੱਲ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਇਸ ਨੂੰ ਜੜੋਂ ਉਖਾੜ ਸੁੱਟਣ ਦੀ ਜ਼ਰੂਰਤ ਹੈ. ਨਾਬਾਲਗ ਬੱਚੇ ਘਰੇਲੂ ਨੌਕਰਾਂ ਵਜੋਂ ਕੰਮ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ. ਉਹ ਹੋਟਲ, ਫੈਕਟਰੀਆਂ, ਦੁਕਾਨਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਨਿਰਮਾਣ ਵਾਲੀਆਂ ਥਾਵਾਂ ‘ਤੇ ਕੰਮ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਰਿਕਸ਼ਾ ਚਲਾਉਂਦੇ ਵੀ ਵੇਖਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ. ਇੱਥੋਂ ਤਕ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਫੈਕਟਰੀਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਗੰਭੀਰ ਅਤੇ ਖਤਰਨਾਕ ਕੰਮਾਂ ਦੇ ਰੂਪ ਵਿੱਚ ਕੰਮ ਕਰਦੇ ਦਿਖਾਈ ਦਿੰਦੇ ਹਨ. ਬਾਲ ਮਜ਼ਦੂਰੀ ਨੂੰ ਖਤਮ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ, ਗਰੀਬੀ ਨੂੰ ਖਤਮ ਕਰਨਾ ਜ਼ਰੂਰੀ ਹੈ. ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਬੱਚਿਆਂ ਲਈ ਦੋ ਸਮੇਂ ਦਾ ਭੋਜਨ ਮੁਹੱਈਆ ਕਰਵਾਉਣਾ. ਇਸ ਦੇ ਲਈ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਨੂੰ ਕੁਝ ਠੋਸ ਕਦਮ ਚੁੱਕਣੇ ਪੈਣਗੇ। ਇਸ ਵਿਚ ਹਿੱਸਾ ਲੈਣਾ ਸਿਰਫ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਹੀ ਨਹੀਂ ਬਲਕਿ ਆਮ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਲਈ ਵੀ ਮਹੱਤਵਪੂਰਨ ਹੈ. ਜੇ ਹਰ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਜੋ ਵਿੱਤੀ ਤੌਰ ‘ਤੇ ਕਾਬਲ ਹੈ, ਅਜਿਹੇ ਬੱਚੇ ਦੀ ਜ਼ਿੰਮੇਵਾਰੀ ਵੀ ਲੈਂਦਾ ਹੈ, ਤਾਂ ਪੂਰਾ ਨਜ਼ਾਰਾ ਬਦਲ ਜਾਵੇਗਾ.

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Child labour on the rise as employers defy law

Department fails to penalise violators

Visit any roadside eatery or tea shop in Rawalpindi and you are bound to hear the popular chant “O chote idhar aa”. It translated into “come here, little one” and invariably refers to a boy likely to be between the ages of eight to 15 years old.

This is on the street although children are employed in equally large numbers as house help, where they are at the mercy of employers which sometimes results in horrible outcomes for the minors. This was in the case of an underage housemaid who was brutally tortured while working at the house of an Islamabad judge and another teenage girl who died after being raped and tortured at the house of a feudal lord in Sindh’s Ranipur district.

This is also the case in children employed at public places, who have to face the anger, mockery and abuse from their employers as well as customers.

Read  VIOLENCE THAT HARMS US ALL

Despite that, underage workers remain the norm and not an aberration, making a mockery of two children protections laws in place in the province.

Rather, informal surveys suggest that the involvement of minors in the formal and informal workforce was on the rise with more children spotted selling flowers and cleaning car windows at traffic signals, ubiquitous at mechanic workshops, and as waiters at roadside establishments.

These children often receive extremely low salaries in addition to working more than eight hours a day. Some children complained that they had their salaries withheld if they took time off due to illness or domestic problems.

Until 2018–19, children who worked in brick kilns and worked as child labuorers were eligible for a programme under which they received schooling, uniform, books, and a school bag.

They were also provided a monthly stipend of Rs5,500. But this project was discontinued. Around 1800 children benefitted from the project.

However, its discontinuation meant that the beneficiaries were once again compelled to resume employment at the expense of their education.

Read more   Iqbal Masih Is Our Hero, His Story Is Our Story Not A Borrowed Narrative: 'Gunjal' Team

The labour welfare department acknowledges that it had failed to implement the Punjab Restriction of Employment of Children Act 2016 and the Punjab Prohibition of Child Labour at Brick Kilns Act 2016. Under the law, children under 15 years of age are prohibited from work. Even after that, they can work in specific professions under supervision.

The department has the power to submit a formal complaint against anybody found to be in breach of child labour laws. Those engaged in child labour may potentially face fines ranging from Rs50,000 to Rs500,000. However, the fines were not enforced, with the department failing to say why it was the case.

Samiullah Khan, the director of the labour welfare department in the Rawalpindi division, also failed to explain why his department had failed to implement the laws instead deflecting the question on the causes behind child labour.

Published in The Express Tribune, December 6 th , 2023.

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This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, redistributed or derived from. Unless otherwise stated, all content is copyrighted © 2024 The Express Tribune.

• DOI: 10.35536/LJE.1999.V4.I1.A5
• Corpus ID: 199357111

Major Determinants of Female Child Labour in Urban Multan(Punjab-Pakistan)

• K. Ali , A. Hamid
• Published 1999
• Lahore Journal of Economics

9 Citations

Facts and factors about the destiny of working and escaped children in punjab (pakistan), the determinants of female child labour in pakistan: the case of multan city, impacts of child labour working at hotels & workshop sectors in pakistan, socio-economic determinants of working children: evidence from capital territory of islamabad, pakistan, socioeconomic aspects of child labour-a case study of children in auto workshops, socio-economic aspects of child labor in pakistan; a case study of hyderabad, sindh, development of basic education literacy profile of children who are not going to school in district rawalpindi, pakistan, problems of bonded child labor in brick kilns industry at peshawar, pakistan, two profiles of child labor in the colombian caribbean coast: children relocated to suburban areas compared to the key role of social and labor characteristics of mothers in urban settings, 20 references, unemployment and female labour supply, a subjective equilibrium approach to the value of children in the agricultural household., the child and the state in india and pakistan : child labor and education policies in comparative perspective, the changing pakistan society, strategic issues in pakistan's economic policy, related papers.

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Factors Fuelling the Persistence of Child Labour: Evidence from Pakistan

• Published: 16 May 2024
• Volume 17 , pages 1771–1790, ( 2024 )

Cite this article

• Shahla Akram   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-3857-3950 1 ,
• Mehboob Ul Hassan   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-3453-695X 2 &
• Muhammad Farrukh Shahzad   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-6578-4139 3  

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The persistence of child labour globally can be attributed to a complex interplay of multifaceted factors. This study examines the relationship between these diverse factors of child labour, such as economic activities, working hours, hazardous conditions and overall prevalence. Logistic regression analysis was conducted using data from Pakistan’s Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS sixth wave). According to the data, poor quality education worsens child labour, while parental education and wealth protect against it. Gender differences, child disabilities, regional differences and non-violent behaviour all have significant impacts on labour force participation. This study highlights the complex interactions between socioeconomic and regional factors in determining child labour. It fills gaps in the existing literature by focusing on previously overlooked elements such as nonviolent behaviour and comprehensive disability interactions, as well as conducting a comprehensive examination of socioeconomic determinants. Understanding these dynamics is critical to targeted initiatives to eliminate child labour and ensure the well-being of children.

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Akram, S., Hassan, M.U. & Shahzad, M.F. Factors Fuelling the Persistence of Child Labour: Evidence from Pakistan. Child Ind Res 17 , 1771–1790 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-024-10141-6

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Essay on Child Labour for Students and Children

500+ words essay on child labour.

Child labour is a term you might have heard about in news or movies. It refers to a crime where children are forced to work from a very early age. It is like expecting kids to perform responsibilities like working and fending for themselves. There are certain policies which have put restrictions and limitations on children working.

The average age for a child to be appropriate to work is considered fifteen years and more. Children falling below this age limit won’t be allowed to indulge in any type of work forcefully. Why is that so? Because child labour takes away the kids opportunity of having a normal childhood, a proper education , and physical and mental well-being. In some countries, it is illegal but still, it’s a far way from being completely eradicated.

Causes of Child Labour

Child Labour happens due to a number of reasons. While some of the reasons may be common in some countries, there are some reasons which are specific in particular areas and regions. When we look at what is causing child labour, we will be able to fight it better.

Firstly, it happens in countries that have a lot of poverty and unemployment . When the families won’t have enough earning, they put the children of the family to work so they can have enough money to survive. Similarly, if the adults of the family are unemployed, the younger ones have to work in their place.

Moreover, when people do not have access to the education they will ultimately put their children to work. The uneducated only care about a short term result which is why they put children to work so they can survive their present.

Furthermore, the money-saving attitude of various industries is a major cause of child labour. They hire children because they pay them lesser for the same work as an adult. As children work more than adults and also at fewer wages, they prefer children. They can easily influence and manipulate them. They only see their profit and this is why they engage children in factories.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Eradication of Child Labour

If we wish to eradicate child labour, we need to formulate some very effective solutions which will save our children. It will also enhance the future of any country dealing with these social issues . To begin with, one can create a number of unions that solely work to prevent child labour. It should help the children indulging in this work and punishing those who make them do it.

Furthermore, we need to keep the parents in the loop so as to teach them the importance of education. If we make education free and the people aware, we will be able to educate more and more children who won’t have to do child labour. Moreover, making people aware of the harmful consequences of child labour is a must.

In addition, family control measures must also be taken. This will reduce the family’s burden so when you have lesser mouths to feed, the parents will be enough to work for them, instead of the children. In fact, every family must be promised a minimum income by the government to survive.

In short, the government and people must come together. Employment opportunities must be given to people in abundance so they can earn their livelihood instead of putting their kids to work. The children are the future of our country; we cannot expect them to maintain the economic conditions of their families instead of having a normal childhood.

{ “@context”: “https://schema.org”, “@type”: “FAQPage”, “mainEntity”: [{ “@type”: “Question”, “name”: “What causes child labour?”, “acceptedAnswer”: { “@type”: “Answer”, “text”: “Child Labour is caused by many factors. The most important one is poverty and illiteracy. When people barely make ends meet, they put their children to work so they can have food two times a day.”} }, { “@type”: “Question”, “name”: “How can we prevent child labour?”, “acceptedAnswer”: { “@type”: “Answer”, “text”:”Strict measures can prevent child labour. Unions should be made to monitor the activities of child labour. Education must be made free to enroll more and more kids in school. We must also abolish child trafficking completely to save the children.”} }] }

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Socio-Economic Factors Leading Towards Child Labour: A Comparative Study in Punjab, Pakistan

Child labor is a serious social issue of the present era especially in the developing countries like Pakistan. Majority of the children in Pakistan are still working at hotels, tea-stalls, factories and brick-kilns and they are forced to earn money in order to fulfill the needs of the family or add to the income of the family. They are living in a miserable plight and pity condition. They have to work for long hours which affect their health. The number of child laborers in our country is about 12 million. The present study was carried out in two districts (Mandi Bahauddin& Faisalabad) of Punjab. The main objective of the study was to explore various socioeconomic factors paving the way for child labor in society. The universe of the present study was the city areas and suburbs of district Faisalabad & Mandi Bahauddin consisting hotels, workshops, tea-stalls and brick-kilns. Multistage sampling technique was used for the present study. At first stage, two districts (Faisalabad & Mandi Bahauddin) of Punjab province were randomly selected. At the second stage, city areas of these two districts were selected randomly for the selection of sample. At the third stage, a sample of 200 respondents (100 from each district) who were doing labor and working at hotels, workshops, tea-stalls and brick-kilns of the city areas was taken through convenient sampling. The data were collected by designing a well-structured interview schedule. The collected data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results of the study showed that majority of the respondents were doing labor due to poverty and to support the family income. The other major reason of their labor was parents' illiteracy. Their main problem was long working hours and continue work schedule which had bad and serious physical and metal effects on their health.

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THE PUNJAB RESTRICTION ON EMPLOYMENT OF CHILDREN ACT 2016

(Act L of 2016)

C O N T E N T S

Section                                 Heading

           1.       Short title, extent and commencement.

           2.       Definitions.

           3.       Prohibition on employment.

           4.       Provincial Committee on Child Labour.

           5.       Duration of work, etc.

           6.       Weekly holidays.

           7.       Notice to Inspector.

           8.       Dispute as to age.

           9.       Maintenance of register.

           10.     Display of notice.

           11.     Penalties.

           12.     Abetment to an offence.

           13.     Presumption of work.

           14.     Sealing of establishment.

           15.     Appellate authority.

           16.     Trial of offences.

           17.     Cognizance of offences.

           18.     Penalties under some other laws.

           19.     Appointment of Inspectors.

           20.     Amendment of Schedule.

           21.     Rules.

           22.     Application of other laws.

           23.     Power to remove difficulties.

           24.     Repeal and savings.

           25.     Repeal.

[1] THE PUNJAB RESTRICTION ON EMPLOYMENT OF CHILDREN ACT 2016

[29 October 2016]

An Act to prohibit the employment of children and to restrict the employment of adolescents in certain occupations and processes.

It is necessary to prohibit the employment of children and to restrict the employment of adolescents in certain occupations; and, to deal with ancillary matters.

Be it enacted by the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as follows:

1.    Short title, extent and commencement .– (1) This Act may be cited as the Punjab Restriction on Employment of Children Act 2016.

(2)   It extends to whole of the Punjab .

(3)   It shall come into force at once.

2.    Definitions .– In this Act:

(a)         " adolescent " means a person who has attained the age of fifteen years but has not attained the age of eighteen years;

(b)         “ appellate authority” means an authority appointed under the Act;

(c)         " child " means a person who has not attained the age of fifteen years;

(d)        “Committee” means the Provincial Committee on Child Labour constituted under the Act ;

(e)         " day " means a period of twenty-four hours beginning at midnight;

(f)         "establishment" means any industrial, commercial or agricultural establishment, factory, mine, workshop, business, trade, undertaking, and place where any economic activity including moulding and manufacturing process is carried on; and, includes charitable and welfare organizations, whether run for profit or otherwise and any other establishment, class of establishments or workplace notified by the Government in the official Gazette;

(g)         " family ", in relation to an occupier, means the spouse, son, daughter or sibling;

(h)         “Government" means Government of the Punjab ;

( i )          “hazardous work” means the work which, by its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out, is likely to harm the health, safety or morals of adolescents and is mentioned in the Schedule;

(j)          "Inspector" means an official appointed as an Inspector under the Act;

(k)         “ occupier " means the person who, directly or indirectly, employs a worker in an establishment and includes:

( i )       in case of an individual, his heir, successor, administrator or assign; and

(ii)      a person who has the ultimate control over the affairs of the establishment;

(l)          " prescribed " means prescribed by the rules made under the Act ;

(m)        “Schedule” means the Schedule appended to this Act; and

(n)         " week " means a period of seven days beginning at the midnight on Saturday or at such other midnight as the Government may, by notification, specify for a particular area.

3.    Prohibition on employment .– (1) An occupier shall not employ or permit a child to work in the establishment.

(2)   An occupier shall not employ or permit an adolescent to perform any hazardous work in the establishment.

4.    Provincial Committee on Child Labour .– (1) The Government shall, by notification, constitute a Committee to be called the Provincial Committee on Child Labour to advise the Government for appropriate legislative, administrative and other measures for the eradication of child labour and, subject to Article 11 of the Constitution, to propose the minimum age for purposes of employment in the Province.

(2)   Th e Committee shall consist of a chairperson and not more than eight members representing the Government, employers, workers and civil society.

5.    Duration of work, etc .– (1) Subject to subsection (2) and subsection (3), the occupier shall fix the period of work not exceeding three hours in a day; and, if the adolescent is required to work for more than three hours in a day, the occupier shall, after the initial period of three hours, provide a mandatory interval of at least one hour to the adolescent.

(2)   The total period of work of an adolescent in a day, including the mandatory interval for rest, shall, in no case, exceed seven hours.

(3)   The occupier shall:

(a)         arrange the hours of work of an adolescent in such manner that the working hours are not in conflict with the timings of the educational or vocational institution where the adolescent is enrolled;

(b)         not require or permit an adolescent to work between 7.00 pm and 8.00 am.

(c)         not require or permit an adolescent to work in the establishment on any day on which the adolescent has worked in any other establishment.

6.    Weekly holidays .– (1) An occupier shall allow an adolescent employed in the establishment a holiday of at least one whole day in a week.

(2)   The occupier shall specify the holiday through a notice permanently displayed at a conspicuous place in the establishment and the occupier shall not alter the day of holiday more than once in three months.

7.    Notice to Inspector .– (1) Every occupier of the establishment in which an adolescent is employed or permitted to work shall, within a period of thirty days from the commencement of this Act or employment of the adolescent, send to the Inspector, within whose local limits the establishment is situated, a written notice containing the following particulars:

(a)         the name, location and address of the establishment;

(b)         the name of the person who is actually responsible for the management of the establishment;

(c)         complete address of the establishment for purposes of communication;

(d)        the name, address, wages and other prescribed particulars of the adolescent; and

(e)         the nature of the occupation or process carried on in the establishment.

(2)   Nothing in sections 6, 7 and 8 shall apply to an establishment wherein any process is carried on by the occupier with the aid of the members of his family or to any educational or training institution established, assisted or recognized by the Government, the Federal Government or any agency, body or authority established, owned or controlled by any such Government.

8.    Dispute as to age .– Any dispute about the age of the child or adolescent employed or is permitted to work in an establishment shall be decided on the basis of the   registration certificate (Form-B) issued by the National Database and Registration Authority or the birth certificate issued by the competent authority, but, in the absence of such a document, the Inspector shall refer the matter to the prescribed medical authority for determination of the age and the decision of such authority shall be conclusive proof of the age of the child or adolescent.

9.    Maintenance of register .– An occupier shall maintain a register in respect of adolescents employed or permitted to work in the establishment and shall make the register available for inspection to an Inspector at all times during working hours of the establishment showing:

(a)         the name and date of birth of every  adolescent employed or permitted to work;

(b)         hours and periods of work of any such adolescent and the intervals of rest to which he is entitled;

(c)         the nature of work of the adolescent; and

(d)        such other particulars as may be prescribed.

10. Display of notice .– Every occupier shall display at a conspicuous place in the establishment a notice in Urdu and in English containing an abstract of section 3 and section 11.

11. Penalties .– (1) An occupier, who employs or permits a child to work in an establishment, shall be liable to punishment with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, but which shall not be less than seven days and with a fine which may extend to fifty thousand rupees, but which shall not be less than ten thousand rupees.

(2)   An occupier, who employs or permits any adolescent to work in contravention of the provisions of section 3, shall be liable to punishment with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, but which shall not be less than seven days and with a fine which may extend to fifty thousand rupees, but which shall not be less than ten thousand rupees.

(3)   A person, who employs a child or an adolescent in:

(a)                 any form of slavery or practices similar to slavery, such as the sale and trafficking of children or adolescents, debt bondage and serfdom and forced or compulsory labour , including forced or compulsory recruitment of children or adolescents for use in armed conflicts;

(b)                the use, procuring or offering of a child or adolescent for prostitution, for the production of pornography or  for pornographic performances; and

(c)                 the use, procuring or offering of a child or adolescent for illicit activities, in particular for the production and trafficking of drugs,

shall be liable to punishment with imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years but which shall not be less than three years and with fine which may extend to one million rupees but which shall not be less than two hundred thousand rupees.

(4)   An occupier who has been convicted of an offence under subsection (1) and subsection (2 ), again commits the same offence or an offence of similar nature, shall be punishable with imprisonment which may extend to five years but which shall not be less than three months in addition to the fine prescribed for the offence.

(5)   If an occupier fails to:

(a)   give notice as required by section 7; or

(b)   maintain a register as required by section 9 or makes any false entry in any such register; or

(c)   produce record for inspection; or

(d) display any notice under the Act; or

(e)   comply with or contravenes any provision of this Act or the rules,

he shall be liable to punishment with simple imprisonment which may extend to one month or with a fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees or with both.

12. Abetment to an offence .– (1) A person, who abets an offence punishable under this Act, shall, whether or not the offence abetted is committed, be punishable with the same punishment as is provided for the offence he abetted.

(2)   An occupier, who employs or permits to work a child or an adolescent to work in contravention of the provisions of section 3, and the child or an adolescent is found working in the establishment in the immediate presence of a parent or guardian, the parent or guardian shall be equally liable for the offence along with the employer.

(3)   For purposes of this section, “abetment” has the same meaning as is assigned to it in the Pakistan Penal Code, 1860 (XLV of 1860).

13. Presumption of work .– (1) Subject to subsection (2), if a child or an adolescent is found present within the working premises of an establishment, it shall be presumed that the child or the adolescent is employed or is permitted to work in the establishment.

(2)   Nothing in this section shall apply to the students visiting an establishment for educational purposes under the direction or supervision of an educational institution.

14. Sealing of establishment .– (1) If it appears to an Inspector that a child or an adolescent has been employed or permitted to work in an establishment in contravention of section 3, the Inspector may, in the prescribed manner, seal the establishment for a period not exceeding seven days.

(2)   The occupier aggrieved by an order under subsection (1), may, within three days of the sealing of the establishment, prefer an appeal before the appellate authority.

(3)   The appellate authority may confirm, modify or reverse the order made under subsection (1).  

15. Appellate authority .–   The Government shall appoint an appellate authority in each District to hear and decide the appeals preferred under subsection (2) of section 14.

16. Trial of offences .– (1) An offence under subsections (1) and (2) of section 11 shall be tried summarily in accordance with the provisions of Chapter XXII of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (V of 1898).

(2)   No court inferior to that of the Magistrate having powers under section 30 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (V of 1898) shall try an offence under subsections (3) and (4) of section 11 of this Act.

17. Cognizance of offences .– An offence under this Act shall be cognizable by the police on the complaint in writing made by the Inspector and shall be non- bailable .

18. Penalties under some other laws .– Any person, who is found guilty of the contravention of any provisions of the Mines Act, 1923 (IV of 1923), the Factories Act, 1934 (XXV of 1934) and the Punjab Shops and Establishments Ordinance, 1969 (VIII of 1969) regarding children or adolescents, shall be liable to the penalties provided in section 11 of this Act and not under the said laws.  

19. Appointment of Inspectors .– (1) The Government may appoint Inspectors for purposes of securing compliance with the provisions of this Act.

(2)   The Inspector shall be deemed to be a public servant within the meaning of the Pakistan Penal Code, 1860 (XLV of 1860).

20. Amendment of Schedule .– (1) The Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, amend the Schedule.

(2)   An amendment in the Schedule under subsection (1) shall come into force on the expiry of thirty days from the date of publication of the notification in the official Gazette.

21. Rules .– The Government may, by notification, and subject to the condition of previous publication, make rules for carrying into effect the provisions of this Act, including the rules for health and safety of adolescents employed or permitted to work in an establishment.

22. Application of other laws .– Subject to the provisions contained in sections 11 and 18, the provisions of this Act and the rules shall be in addition to, and not in derogation of, the provisions of any other law.

23. Power to remove difficulties .– (1) If any difficulty arises in giving effect to the provisions of this Act, the Government may, by order published in the official Gazette, make such provisions not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act as appear to it to be necessary or expedient for removal of the difficulty.

(2)   An order under subsection (1) shall not be made after the expiry of a period of two years from the date of commencement of this Act.

(3)   Every order made under this section shall, as soon as may be after it is made, be laid before Provincial Assembly of the Punjab .

24. Repeal and savings .– (1) The Employment of Children Act, 1991 (V of 1991) is hereby repealed.

(2)   Notwithstanding the repeal of the Employment of Children Act, 1991 (V of 1991), anything done or any action taken or purported to have been done or taken under that Act shall, in so far as it is not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, be deemed to have been done or taken under the corresponding provisions of this Act.

25. Repeal .– The Punjab Restriction on Employment of Children Ordinance, 2016 (XIII of 2016) is hereby repealed.

[ see section 2( i )]

HAZARDOUS WORKS

Any occupation or work connected with –

(1)         transport of passengers, goods or mail;

(2)         catering establishment at a railway station, involving the movement of a vendor or any other employee of the establishment from one platform to another or into or out of a moving train;

(3)         construction of a railway station or with any other work where such work is done in close proximity to or between the railway lines;

(4)         a port authority within the limits of any port;

(5)         underground mines and on ground quarries including blasting;

(6)         power driven cutting machinery like saws, shears, guillotines, agricultural machines, thrashers, fodder cutting machines;

(7)         live electrical wires over 50 volts;

(8)         all operations related to leather tanning processes such as soaking, dehairing , liming, chrome tanning, deliming , pickling, defleshing , ink application;

(9)         mixing and manufacture of pesticides and insecticides and fumigation;

(10)       sandblasting and other such work involving exposure to free silica;

(11)       exposure to all toxic, explosive and carcinogenic chemicals e.g., asbestos, benzene, ammonia, chlorine, manganese, cadmium, sulphur dioxide, phosphorus, benzidenedyes , isocyanates, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulphide, epoxy resins, formaldehyde, metal fumes, heavy metals like nickel, mercury chromium, lead arsenic, beryllium, fiber glass;

(12)       exposure to cement dust in cement industry;

(13)       exposure to coal dust;

(14)       manufacturing and sale of fireworks and explosives;

(15)       the sites where liquid petroleum gas (LPG) or compressed natural gas (CNG) is filled in cylinders;

(16)       glass and metal furnaces and glass bangles manufacturing;

(17)       cloth weaving, printing, dyeing and fishing sections;

(18)       sewer pipelines, pits and storage tanks;

(19)       stone crushing;

(20)       lifting and carrying of heavy weight (15kg and above) specially in transport industry;

(21)       carpet weaving;

(22)       the height of two meters or more above the floor;

(23)       all scavenging including hospital waste;

(24)       tobacco processing and manufacturing including niswar and biri making;

(25)       deep-sea fishing, commercial fishing and processing of fish and sea-food;

(26)       sheep casing and wool industry;

(27)       ship breaking;

(28)       surgical instruments and manufacturing specially in vendors’ workshops;

(29)       spice grinding;

(30)       boiler house;

(31)       cinemas , mini cinemas and cyber clubs;

(32)       mica-cutting and splitting;

(33)       shells manufacturing;

(34)       soap manufacturing;

(35)       wool cleaning;

(36)       building and construction industry;

(37)       manufacturing of slate pencils including packing; and

(38)       manufacture of products from agate.

[1] This Act was passed by the Punjab Assembly on 24 October 2016; assented to by the Governor of the Punjab on 28 October 2016; and, was published in the Punjab Gazette (Extraordinary), dated 29 October 2016, pages 2473-79.

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