lab reaction rate assignment lab report

Lab: Reaction Rate

Assignment: Lab Report

Virtual Lab - Rates of Reaction

Fox Stockburger

Created on April 30, 2021

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Before we begin- some instructions:

Virtual Lab - Rate of Chemical Reactions

The slides should guide you through, but if you get lost- this button will always bring you back to the main lab where you can navigate to where you need to be.

Click the pencil here to draw on the slide. You'll need this to record your data. When you unclick it- the drawings disappear. They reappear when you click it again. Try it out!

click to enter the lab

Check the bulletin board to see what we're working on today.

Welcome to the lab!

back to the lab

Check your lab notebook for the materials and procedure

Lab investigation about rates of chemical reactions

Today's Agenda:

What is Surface Area?

What is Alka Selzter?

It is a measurement of how much surface is exposed on an object.

What is surface area?

If you break an object into smaller pieces, you increase the surface area. This is because there are more pieces of the same amount of substance, therefore more surface area has been created.

This is the chemistry of the reaction

Alka seltzer is an antacid that mainly consists of baking soda, citric acid, and asprin. People take it for heartburn or upset stomach. The baking soda & citric acid react together when mixed with water. The asprin is a pain reliever.

In this notebook you will find your lab materials and procedure. You can record your data here intially but you will also need to write it in your lab report. You will also record your observations, data analysis & conclusion in your lab report.Answer the pre-lab questions and then to perform the experiment, go back to the main lab and find the area with your materials. (You can navigate to the different trials in the "Record Data" section)

Data Analysis

Record Data

Experiment / Observations

Lab Procedure

Lab Materials

Pre-Lab Thoughts

Science Lab Notebook

Back to Index

Answer/record this on your lab report to be handed in!

3. In this experiement, we will be doing multiple trials of the same thing. (We will be testing the same thing a few times). Why do you think this is important?

* To learn more about what alka seltzer is- go back to the lab and do research on the computer

1. What do you know about alka selzter? Do you know what it is or what it does in water? Write down your prior knowledge without researching.

2. Do you have any ideas about what could influence the rate of a chemical reaction? (For instance- make it go faster or slower?)

Pre Lab Questions to be answered:

Today we are going to investigate what variables influence the rate of a chemical reaction. The chemical reaction we will observe is dissolving alka-seltzer tablets in water. ** Answer these pre-lab questions on your lab report before you continue onto the experiment.

Today's Lab:

Today we are going to investigate what variables influence the rate of a chemical reaction. The chemical reaction we will observe is the dissolving of alka-seltzer tablets in water. We will record our data, study our findings, and come to a conclusion about what can influence the rate of a chemical reaction.

Gather Materials

9 Alka Seltzer tablets

Check off the materials and go back

For each condition, perform 3 trials of the following: 1. Drop substance into container. 2. Add 150 ml of room temperature water.3. Observe until tablet completely dissolves. (Hint- This can be when you don't see the tablet anymore, or if the majority of the bubbling has stopped (i.e. the reaction finished). 4. Record the time in seconds in the data table.

Three conditions of substance: Whole, Broken (pieces), Crushed (powder)

Investigation Question: How does surface area affect the rate of a chemical reaction?The variable we will be focusing on is surface area. Check the lab computer for some more information on surface area.

Crushed Tablet

Broken Tablet

Whole Tablet

Conditions:

Time to Dissolve (s)

Data - Part 1

Investigation question: How does surface area affect the rate of a chemical reaction?We will do three trials of each condition and get the average for a represenatative value. (you can navigate to the trials by clicking them in the table)When you are done recording your data, continue to the data analysis section to see how we will work with our data.

For each of the conditions, we need a representative number (one number, not 3!) Get an average of the three trial times: (Trial 1 + Trial 2 + Trial 3) / 3*Fill out this information on your lab report to be handed in.

Back to Data

Average Time to Dissolve (s)

1. Start the timer when the water is added. 2. Time until tablet dissolves completely. (No more big bubbles / fizzing)3. Record your data (time in seconds). 4. Continue to next trial.

Whole TabletTrial 1

Return to procedure

Dont forget to record your data!

Whole TabletTrial 2

Whole TabletTrial 3

Broken TabletTrial 1

Broken TabletTrial 2

Broken TabletTrial 3

Crushed TabletTrial 1

Crushed TabletTrial 2

Crushed TabletTrial 3

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Factors Affecting Reaction Rate Lab Report

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Preview text

Factors Affecting Reaction Rate Quynh Phan Lab partner: Lara Lopez December 9, 2021

Abstract The rate of a chemical reaction is the change of the concentration of a reactant or a product per unit time. According to the collision theory, the rate of a reaction depends on the frequency of colliding between reacting particles. The more frequent the collisions, the faster the rate of reaction. This report discusses experiments of several factors that influence the rate of a chemical reaction by increasing the frequency of collision or providing conditions for effective collision including:  Nature of reactants - particles size  Temperature  Concentration  Catalysts Introduction The increases of factors being examined: particle size, temperature, and concentration increase the rate of chemical reactions by increasing the frequency of colliding particles and increasing the number of particles with activation energy. A catalyst is any substance that increases the rate of the reaction by lowering the activation energy for molecular with enough energy to produce a reactive reaction, which increases the reaction rate. Procedure Part 1. Effect of a Particle size on Reaction Rate 1. Use the balance to prepare an approximately equal mass of solid and powdered calcium carbonate (from 2-5g of CaCO 3 ). 2. Add 5 ml of 1M HCl to two test tubes, place them in the test tube rack.

• Add 5 drops of each of these solutions to separate test tubes: 0 M FeCl 3 0 M Fe(NO 3 ) 3 0 M KNO 3 0 M NaCl 0 M CaCl 2 0 M MnCl 2
• Gently swirling the tube to mix the solution
• Observe the solution, noting the bubble production of gas bubbles and the reaction rate in data table. Data Table 1. Effect of Particle Size on Reaction Rate Mass = 2 Table 2. Effect of Temperature Water Condition Water Temperature Time to Completion Cold 6°C 4 mins 30 sec Room Temperature 24°C 4 mins 19 sec Warm 84°C 2 mins 47 sec Table 3. Effects of Concentration Mass of Acid concentration Total time Observations Substance Tested Observations Powdered Calcium Carbonate - 2:
• Produces bubbles Solid Marble Chips - 9:
• Produces bubbles

Zinc (g) 1 1 M HCl 24:47  Slowest  Reacts immediately  Used up most HCl  Produce heat  Bubbles production 1 3M HCl 23:22  Slower  Reacts immediately  Bubbles production  Produce heat 1 6M HCl 18:00  Fastest  Reacts immediately  Bubble production  Produce heat Table 4. Effect of a Catalyst Possible catalyst FeCl 2 NaCl Fe(NO 3 ) 3 CaCl 2 KNO 3 MnCl 2 Bubble productio Yes Yes No No No No

Average mass of Zinc= = 1 Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl 2 + H 2 Zinc reacts with Hydrochloric Acid produces Zinc Chloride (ZnCl 2 ) and Hydrogen gas (H 2 ). Hydrogen gas is produced as bubble form which is the presence of bubble production observed in the experiment (Table 3). The trial tested the time of completion of the three approximate- equal masses of Zinc (1) with three different concentrations of HCl: 1M HCl, 3M HCl, and 6M HCl. The reaction of Zinc in 6M HCl happens at the fastest rate (18 minutes) and the reaction in 1M HCl is the slowest (24 minutes and 47 seconds). Therefore, the increase in concentration increases the number of particles in the solution, the frequency of collision between particles increases. Also, the particles with activation energy increase. Thus, the reaction rate increases when increasing the concentration. Part 4. Effect of a catalyst 2 H 2 O 2 → 2 H 2 O + O 2 Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) will decompose into water (H 2 O) and oxygen gas (O 2 ) in bubble gas form. The purpose of the experiment is to determine the substances act as a catalyst. Catalyst is an added substance, in contact with the reactant without itself being chemically changed in the product. As the lab progressed, bubbles were produced in the reaction showing the evidence of reacting when adding FeCl 3 and NaCl. Meanwhile, there is no bubble production or reaction when adding other solutions. A catalyst speeds up the reaction rate by lowering the activation energy necessary for the reaction. When less activation energy is needed, the larger number of particles with enough energy for reaction increases, increases the frequency of collision. As a result, the reaction rate increases with the presence of catalysts. In this case, FeCl 3 and NaCl were considered as a catalyst as the reaction occurred in the test.

Sources of error - Observation error: inaccurately read the measurement such as not standing straight while reading the volume of the flask, causing volume incorrectly measured. - The instrument used does not function properly: wind affects the reading of the scale - Environmental affects the experiment: humidity and pressure hard to maintain a constant temperature, the concentration being diluted, lightning affects the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Conclusion The rate of a chemical reaction can be affected by many factors. From the data and analysis above, the experiment conducted that the increase in particle size, temperature and concentration increases the rate of reaction by increasing the frequency of collisions between particles and the increases in the number of particles with activation energy. The addition of catalyst also increases the reaction rate by lowering the activation energy.

• Multiple Choice

Topic : Unit 5: Kinetics

Subject : ap chemistry.

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