high school research paper timeline

How to Write a Research Paper as a High School Student

By Carly Taylor

Senior at Stanford University

6 minute read

Read our guide to learn why you should write a research paper and how to do so, from choosing the right topic to outlining and structuring your argument.

What is a research paper?

A research paper poses an answer to a specific question and defends that answer using academic sources, data, and critical reasoning. Writing a research paper is an excellent way to hone your focus during a research project , synthesize what you’re learning, and explain why your work matters to a broader audience of scholars in your field.

The types of sources and evidence you’ll see used in a research paper can vary widely based on its field of study. A history research paper might examine primary sources like journals and newspaper articles to draw conclusions about the culture of a specific time and place, whereas a biology research paper might analyze data from different published experiments and use textbook explanations of cellular pathways to identify a potential marker for breast cancer.

However, researchers across disciplines must identify and analyze credible sources, formulate a specific research question, generate a clear thesis statement, and organize their ideas in a cohesive manner to support their argument. Read on to learn how this process works and how to get started writing your own research paper, integrating skills like critical thinking and advanced academic writing.

How do I choose my topic?

Tap into your passions.

A research paper is your chance to explore what genuinely interests you and combine ideas in novel ways. So don’t choose a subject that simply sounds impressive or blindly follow what someone else wants you to do – choose something you’re really passionate about! You should be able to enjoy reading for hours and hours about your topic and feel enthusiastic about synthesizing and sharing what you learn.

We've created these helpful writing resources to inspire you to think about your own passion project . Polygence also offers a passion exploration experience where you can dive deep into three potential areas of study with expert mentors from those fields.

Ask a difficult question

In the traditional classroom, top students are expected to always know the answers to the questions the teacher asks. But a research paper is YOUR chance to pose a big question that no one has answered yet and figure out how to make a contribution to answering that question. So don’t be afraid if you have no idea how to answer your question at the start of the research process — this will help you maintain a motivational sense of discovery as you dive deeper into your research. If you need inspiration, explore our database of research project ideas and easy research topics for high school students.

Be as specific as possible

It’s essential to be reasonable about what you can accomplish in one paper and narrow your focus down to an issue you can thoroughly address. For example, if you’re interested in the effects of invasive species on ecosystems, it’s best to focus on one invasive species and one ecosystem, such as iguanas in South Florida , or one survival mechanism, such as supercolonies in invasive ant species . If you can, get hands on with your project.

You should approach your paper with the mindset of becoming an expert in this topic. Narrowing your focus will help you achieve this goal without getting lost in the weeds and overwhelming yourself.

Would you like to write your own research paper?

Polygence mentors can help you every step of the way in writing and showcasing your research paper

How do I prepare to write a research paper?

Conduct preliminary research.

Before you dive into writing your research paper, conduct a literature review to see what’s already known about your topic. This can help you find your niche within the existing body of research and formulate your question. For example, Polygence student Jasmita found that researchers had studied the effects of background music on student test performance, but they had not taken into account the effect of a student’s familiarity with the music being played, so she decided to pose this new question in her research paper.

Pro tip: It’s a good idea to skim articles in order to decide whether they’re relevant enough to your research interest before committing to reading them in full. This can help you spend as much time as possible with the sources you’ll actually cite in your paper.

Skimming articles will help you gain a broad-strokes view of the different pockets of existing knowledge in your field and identify the most potentially useful sources. Reading articles in full will allow you to accumulate specific evidence related to your research question and begin to formulate an answer to it.

Draft a thesis statement

Your thesis statement is your succinctly-stated answer to the question you’re posing, which you’ll make your case for in the body of the paper. For example, if you’re studying the effect of K-pop on eating disorders and body image in teenagers of different races, your thesis may be that Asian teenagers who are exposed to K-pop videos experience more negative effects on their body image than Caucasian teenagers.

Pro Writing Tip: It’s okay to refine your thesis as you continue to learn more throughout your research and writing process! A preliminary thesis will help you come up with a structure for presenting your argument, but you should absolutely change your thesis if new information you uncover changes your perspective or adds nuance to it.

Create an outline

A research paper outline is a tool for sketching out the structure of your paper by organizing your points broadly into subheadings and more finely into individual paragraphs. Try putting your thesis at the top of your outline, then brainstorm all the points you need to convey in order to support your thesis.

Pro Tip: Your outline is just a jumping-off point – it will evolve as you gain greater clarity on your argument through your writing and continued research. Sometimes, it takes several iterations of outlining, then writing, then re-outlining, and then rewriting in order to find the best structure for your paper.

What are some key tips when writing?

Introduction.

A research paper introduction should move the reader from your broad area of interest into your specific area of focus for the paper. It generally takes the form of one to two paragraphs that build up your thesis statement and give the reader an idea of the broad argumentative structure of your paper. After reading your introduction, your reader should know what claim you’re going to present and what kinds of evidence you’ll analyze to support it.

Topic sentences

Writing crystal clear topic sentences is a crucial aspect of a successful research paper. A topic sentence is like the thesis statement of a particular paragraph – it should clearly state the point that the paragraph will make. Writing focused topic sentences will help you remain focused while writing your paragraphs and will ensure that the reader can clearly grasp the function of each paragraph in the paper’s overall structure.

Transitions

Sophisticated research papers move beyond tacking on simple transitional phrases such as “Secondly” or “Moreover” to the start of each new paragraph. Instead, each paragraph flows naturally into the next one, with the connection between each idea made very clear. Try using specifically crafted transitional phrases rather than stock phrases to move from one point to the next which will make your paper as cohesive as possible.

In her research paper on Pakistani youth in the U.S. , Polygence student Iba used the following specifically crafted transition to move between two paragraphs: “Although the struggles of digital ethnography limited some data collection, there are also many advantages of digital data collection.” This sentence provides the logical link between the discussion of digital ethnography's limitations from the prior paragraph and the upcoming discussion of this technique’s advantages in this paragraph.

What is a research paper conclusion?

Your conclusion can have several functions:

To drive home your thesis and summarize your argument

To emphasize the broader significance of your findings and answer the “so what” question

To point out some questions raised by your thesis and/or opportunities for further research

Your conclusion can take on all three of these tasks or just one, depending on what you feel your paper is still lacking up to this point.

How do I cite my sources?

Last but not least, crediting your sources is extremely important. There are many different citation formats, such as MLA, APA, and Chicago style. Research online or consult an expert to make sure you know which citation style is standard in your field of interest.

You have several options for keeping track of your bibliography:

Use a notebook to record the relevant information from each of your sources: title, author, date of publication, journal name, page numbers, etc.

Create a folder on your computer where you can store your electronic sources

Use an online bibliography creator such as Zotero, Easybib, or Noodletools to track sources and generate citations

Under our Projects tab, you can read research papers by Polygence students. You can also explore other opportunities for high school research and writing contests .

If you’re interested in finding an expert mentor to guide you through the process of writing your own independent research paper, consider applying to be a Polygence scholar today!

Your research paper helps even you earn college credit , get published in an academic journal , contribute to your application for college , and improve your college admissions chances !

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Your chance of acceptance, your chancing factors, extracurriculars, how do i write a research paper as a high school student.

I'm working on a research paper for a competition and it's my first time doing this. Any tips or resources on how to tackle a research paper at the high school level? Thanks!

First off, congratulations on taking the initiative to participate in a research paper competition! Writing a research paper can seem daunting, but breaking it down into steps will make the process more manageable. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to tackle a research paper at the high school level:

1. Choose a topic : Start by selecting a subject that interests you and fits the competition's guidelines. It's important to choose a focused topic rather than a too general or too narrow one.

2. Conduct preliminary research : Familiarize yourself with the topic by looking up related articles, books, and online resources. Note any significant themes, questions, or perspectives that stand out to you during this initial phase.

3. Develop a research question : Based on your early findings, develop a research question that guides your investigation. A strong research question should be clear, focused, and complex enough to require thoughtful analysis.

4. Gather detailed information : Use databases, journals, books, and other reliable sources to collect data related to your research question. Keep track of your sources for citation purposes.

5. Organize and evaluate : As you gather information, analyze the material and look for key points, patterns, and trends. Organize your findings in a logical manner (by theme, chronology, or viewpoint).

6. Develop a thesis : Your thesis statement should be a concise argument that answers your research question and captures the central idea of your paper. This will help guide your writing.

7. Create an outline : Establish a structure for your paper by outlining the introduction, body, and conclusion. This will help you organize your thoughts, create a logical progression of ideas, and keep your paper focused on the main points.

8. Write the paper : Begin by writing a draft of your paper following your outline. Start with the body paragraphs, covering the main points and evidence for each, and then move on to the introduction and conclusion.

9. Revise and edit : After completing your draft, review it for content, organization, grammar, and style. Solicit feedback from peers and teachers who can provide constructive criticism and help you improve the paper.

10. Cite your sources : Use the appropriate citation style (MLA, APA, Chicago, etc.) to document your sources in-text and in a bibliography or works cited page at the end of your paper.

To learn more, read this blog post: https://blog.collegevine.com/how-to-write-research-paper-in-high-school/

Don't forget to carefully follow your competition's specific guidelines and submission criteria throughout the process. Good luck with your research paper!

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A Guide to Writing a Scientific Paper: A Focus on High School Through Graduate Level Student Research

Renee a. hesselbach.

1 NIEHS Children's Environmental Health Sciences Core Center, University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

David H. Petering

2 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Craig A. Berg

3 Curriculum and Instruction, University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Henry Tomasiewicz

Daniel weber.

This article presents a detailed guide for high school through graduate level instructors that leads students to write effective and well-organized scientific papers. Interesting research emerges from the ability to ask questions, define problems, design experiments, analyze and interpret data, and make critical connections. This process is incomplete, unless new results are communicated to others because science fundamentally requires peer review and criticism to validate or discard proposed new knowledge. Thus, a concise and clearly written research paper is a critical step in the scientific process and is important for young researchers as they are mastering how to express scientific concepts and understanding. Moreover, learning to write a research paper provides a tool to improve science literacy as indicated in the National Research Council's National Science Education Standards (1996), and A Framework for K–12 Science Education (2011), the underlying foundation for the Next Generation Science Standards currently being developed. Background information explains the importance of peer review and communicating results, along with details of each critical component, the Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results , and Discussion . Specific steps essential to helping students write clear and coherent research papers that follow a logical format, use effective communication, and develop scientific inquiry are described.

Introduction

A key part of the scientific process is communication of original results to others so that one's discoveries are passed along to the scientific community and the public for awareness and scrutiny. 1 – 3 Communication to other scientists ensures that new findings become part of a growing body of publicly available knowledge that informs how we understand the world around us. 2 It is also what fuels further research as other scientists incorporate novel findings into their thinking and experiments.

Depending upon the researcher's position, intent, and needs, communication can take different forms. The gold standard is writing scientific papers that describe original research in such a way that other scientists will be able to repeat it or to use it as a basis for their studies. 1 For some, it is expected that such articles will be published in scientific journals after they have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication. Scientists must submit their articles for examination by other scientists familiar with the area of research, who decide whether the work was conducted properly and whether the results add to the knowledge base and are conveyed well enough to merit publication. 2 If a manuscript passes the scrutiny of peer-review, it has the potential to be published. 1 For others, such as for high school or undergraduate students, publishing a research paper may not be the ultimate goal. However, regardless of whether an article is to be submitted for publication, peer review is an important step in this process. For student researchers, writing a well-organized research paper is a key step in learning how to express understanding, make critical connections, summarize data, and effectively communicate results, which are important goals for improving science literacy of the National Research Council's National Science Education Standards, 4 and A Framework for K–12 Science Education, 5 and the Next Generation Science Standards 6 currently being developed and described in The NSTA Reader's Guide to A Framework for K–12 Science Education. 7 Table 1 depicts the key skills students should develop as part of the Science as Inquiry Content Standard. Table 2 illustrates the central goals of A Framework for K–12 Science Education Scientific and Engineering Practices Dimension.

Key Skills of the Science as Inquiry National Science Education Content Standard

National Research Council (1996).

Important Practices of A Framework for K–12 Science Education Scientific and Engineering Practices Dimension

National Research Council (2011).

Scientific papers based on experimentation typically include five predominant sections: Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion . This structure is a widely accepted approach to writing a research paper, and has specific sections that parallel the scientific method. Following this structure allows the scientist to tell a clear, coherent story in a logical format, essential to effective communication. 1 , 2 In addition, using a standardized format allows the reader to find specific information quickly and easily. While readers may not have time to read the entire research paper, the predictable format allows them to focus on specific sections such as the Abstract , Introduction , and Discussion sections. Therefore, it is critical that information be placed in the appropriate and logical section of the report. 3

Guidelines for Writing a Primary Research Article

The Title sends an important message to the reader about the purpose of the paper. For example, Ethanol Effects on the Developing Zebrafish: Neurobehavior and Skeletal Morphogenesis 8 tells the reader key information about the content of the research paper. Also, an appropriate and descriptive title captures the attention of the reader. When composing the Title , students should include either the aim or conclusion of the research, the subject, and possibly the independent or dependent variables. Often, the title is created after the body of the article has been written, so that it accurately reflects the purpose and content of the article. 1 , 3

The Abstract provides a short, concise summary of the research described in the body of the article and should be able to stand alone. It provides readers with a quick overview that helps them decide whether the article may be interesting to read. Included in the Abstract are the purpose or primary objectives of the experiment and why they are important, a brief description of the methods and approach used, key findings and the significance of the results, and how this work is different from the work of others. It is important to note that the Abstract briefly explains the implications of the findings, but does not evaluate the conclusions. 1 , 3 Just as with the Title , this section needs to be written carefully and succinctly. Often this section is written last to ensure it accurately reflects the content of the paper. Generally, the optimal length of the Abstract is one paragraph between 200 and 300 words, and does not contain references or abbreviations.

All new research can be categorized by field (e.g., biology, chemistry, physics, geology) and by area within the field (e.g., biology: evolution, ecology, cell biology, anatomy, environmental health). Many areas already contain a large volume of published research. The role of the Introduction is to place the new research within the context of previous studies in the particular field and area, thereby introducing the audience to the research and motivating the audience to continue reading. 1

Usually, the writer begins by describing what is known in the area that directly relates to the subject of the article's research. Clearly, this must be done judiciously; usually there is not room to describe every bit of information that is known. Each statement needs one or more references from the scientific literature that supports its validity. Students must be reminded to cite all references to eliminate the risk of plagiarism. 2 Out of this context, the author then explains what is not known and, therefore, what the article's research seeks to find out. In doing so, the scientist provides the rationale for the research and further develops why this research is important. The final statement in the Introduction should be a clearly worded hypothesis or thesis statement, as well as a brief summary of the findings as they relate to the stated hypothesis. Keep in mind that the details of the experimental findings are presented in the Results section and are aimed at filling the void in our knowledge base that has been pointed out in the Introduction .

Materials and Methods

Research utilizes various accepted methods to obtain the results that are to be shared with others in the scientific community. The quality of the results, therefore, depends completely upon the quality of the methods that are employed and the care with which they are applied. The reader will refer to the Methods section: (a) to become confident that the experiments have been properly done, (b) as the guide for repeating the experiments, and (c) to learn how to do new methods.

It is particularly important to keep in mind item (b). Since science deals with the objective properties of the physical and biological world, it is a basic axiom that these properties are independent of the scientist who reported them. Everyone should be able to measure or observe the same properties within error, if they do the same experiment using the same materials and procedures. In science, one does the same experiment by exactly repeating the experiment that has been described in the Methods section. Therefore, someone can only repeat an experiment accurately if all the relevant details of the experimental methods are clearly described. 1 , 3

The following information is important to include under illustrative headings, and is generally presented in narrative form. A detailed list of all the materials used in the experiments and, if important, their source should be described. These include biological agents (e.g., zebrafish, brine shrimp), chemicals and their concentrations (e.g., 0.20 mg/mL nicotine), and physical equipment (e.g., four 10-gallon aquariums, one light timer, one 10-well falcon dish). The reader needs to know as much as necessary about each of the materials; however, it is important not to include extraneous information. For example, consider an experiment involving zebrafish. The type and characteristics of the zebrafish used must be clearly described so another scientist could accurately replicate the experiment, such as 4–6-month-old male and female zebrafish, the type of zebrafish used (e.g., Golden), and where they were obtained (e.g., the NIEHS Children's Environmental Health Sciences Core Center in the WATER Institute of the University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee). In addition to describing the physical set-up of the experiment, it may be helpful to include photographs or diagrams in the report to further illustrate the experimental design.

A thorough description of each procedure done in the reported experiment, and justification as to why a particular method was chosen to most effectively answer the research question should also be included. For example, if the scientist was using zebrafish to study developmental effects of nicotine, the reader needs to know details about how and when the zebrafish were exposed to the nicotine (e.g., maternal exposure, embryo injection of nicotine, exposure of developing embryo to nicotine in the water for a particular length of time during development), duration of the exposure (e.g., a certain concentration for 10 minutes at the two-cell stage, then the embryos were washed), how many were exposed, and why that method was chosen. The reader would also need to know the concentrations to which the zebrafish were exposed, how the scientist observed the effects of the chemical exposure (e.g., microscopic changes in structure, changes in swimming behavior), relevant safety and toxicity concerns, how outcomes were measured, and how the scientist determined whether the data/results were significantly different in experimental and unexposed control animals (statistical methods).

Students must take great care and effort to write a good Methods section because it is an essential component of the effective communication of scientific findings.

The Results section describes in detail the actual experiments that were undertaken in a clear and well-organized narrative. The information found in the Methods section serves as background for understanding these descriptions and does not need to be repeated. For each different experiment, the author may wish to provide a subtitle and, in addition, one or more introductory sentences that explains the reason for doing the experiment. In a sense, this information is an extension of the Introduction in that it makes the argument to the reader why it is important to do the experiment. The Introduction is more general; this text is more specific.

Once the reader understands the focus of the experiment, the writer should restate the hypothesis to be tested or the information sought in the experiment. For example, “Atrazine is routinely used as a crop pesticide. It is important to understand whether it affects organisms that are normally found in soil. We decided to use worms as a test organism because they are important members of the soil community. Because atrazine damages nerve cells, we hypothesized that exposure to atrazine will inhibit the ability of worms to do locomotor activities. In the first experiment, we tested the effect of the chemical on burrowing action.”

Then, the experiments to be done are described and the results entered. In reporting on experimental design, it is important to identify the dependent and independent variables clearly, as well as the controls. The results must be shown in a way that can be reproduced by the reader, but do not include more details than needed for an effective analysis. Generally, meaningful and significant data are gathered together into tables and figures that summarize relevant information, and appropriate statistical analyses are completed based on the data gathered. Besides presenting each of these data sources, the author also provides a written narrative of the contents of the figures and tables, as well as an analysis of the statistical significance. In the narrative, the writer also connects the results to the aims of the experiment as described above. Did the results support the initial hypothesis? Do they provide the information that was sought? Were there problems in the experiment that compromised the results? Be careful not to include an interpretation of the results; that is reserved for the Discussion section.

The writer then moves on to the next experiment. Again, the first paragraph is developed as above, except this experiment is seen in the context of the first experiment. In other words, a story is being developed. So, one commonly refers to the results of the first experiment as part of the basis for undertaking the second experiment. “In the first experiment we observed that atrazine altered burrowing activity. In order to understand how that might occur, we decided to study its impact on the basic biology of locomotion. Our hypothesis was that atrazine affected neuromuscular junctions. So, we did the following experiment..”

The Results section includes a focused critical analysis of each experiment undertaken. A hallmark of the scientist is a deep skepticism about results and conclusions. “Convince me! And then convince me again with even better experiments.” That is the constant challenge. Without this basic attitude of doubt and willingness to criticize one's own work, scientists do not get to the level of concern about experimental methods and results that is needed to ensure that the best experiments are being done and the most reproducible results are being acquired. Thus, it is important for students to state any limitations or weaknesses in their research approach and explain assumptions made upfront in this section so the validity of the research can be assessed.

The Discussion section is the where the author takes an overall view of the work presented in the article. First, the main results from the various experiments are gathered in one place to highlight the significant results so the reader can see how they fit together and successfully test the original hypotheses of the experiment. Logical connections and trends in the data are presented, as are discussions of error and other possible explanations for the findings, including an analysis of whether the experimental design was adequate. Remember, results should not be restated in the Discussion section, except insofar as it is absolutely necessary to make a point.

Second, the task is to help the reader link the present work with the larger body of knowledge that was portrayed in the Introduction . How do the results advance the field, and what are the implications? What does the research results mean? What is the relevance? 1 , 3

Lastly, the author may suggest further work that needs to be done based on the new knowledge gained from the research.

Supporting Documentation and Writing Skills

Tables and figures are included to support the content of the research paper. These provide the reader with a graphic display of information presented. Tables and figures must have illustrative and descriptive titles, legends, interval markers, and axis labels, as appropriate; should be numbered in the order that they appear in the report; and include explanations of any unusual abbreviations.

The final section of the scientific article is the Reference section. When citing sources, it is important to follow an accepted standardized format, such as CSE (Council of Science Editors), APA (American Psychological Association), MLA (Modern Language Association), or CMS (Chicago Manual of Style). References should be listed in alphabetical order and original authors cited. All sources cited in the text must be included in the Reference section. 1

When writing a scientific paper, the importance of writing concisely and accurately to clearly communicate the message should be emphasized to students. 1 – 3 Students should avoid slang and repetition, as well as abbreviations that may not be well known. 1 If an abbreviation must be used, identify the word with the abbreviation in parentheses the first time the term is used. Using appropriate and correct grammar and spelling throughout are essential elements of a well-written report. 1 , 3 Finally, when the article has been organized and formatted properly, students are encouraged to peer review to obtain constructive criticism and then to revise the manuscript appropriately. Good scientific writing, like any kind of writing, is a process that requires careful editing and revision. 1

A key dimension of NRC's A Framework for K–12 Science Education , Scientific and Engineering Practices, and the developing Next Generation Science Standards emphasizes the importance of students being able to ask questions, define problems, design experiments, analyze and interpret data, draw conclusions, and communicate results. 5 , 6 In the Science Education Partnership Award (SEPA) program at the University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee, we found the guidelines presented in this article useful for high school science students because this group of students (and probably most undergraduates) often lack in understanding of, and skills to develop and write, the various components of an effective scientific paper. Students routinely need to focus more on the data collected and analyze what the results indicated in relation to the research question/hypothesis, as well as develop a detailed discussion of what they learned. Consequently, teaching students how to effectively organize and write a research report is a critical component when engaging students in scientific inquiry.

Acknowledgments

This article was supported by a Science Education Partnership Award (SEPA) grant (Award Number R25RR026299) from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health. The SEPA program at the University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee is part of the Children's Environmental Health Sciences Core Center, Community Outreach and Education Core, funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Award Number P30ES004184). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.

Disclosure Statement

No competing financial interests exist.

How to Develop a Research Paper Timeline

• Writing Research Papers
• Writing Essays
• English Grammar
• M.Ed., Education Administration, University of Georgia
• B.A., History, Armstrong State University

Research papers come in many sizes and levels of complexity. There is no single set of rules that fits every project, but there are guidelines you should follow to keep yourself on track throughout the weeks as you prepare, research, and write. You will complete your project in stages, so you must plan ahead and give yourself enough time to complete every stage of your work.

Your first step is to write down the due date for your paper on a big wall calendar , in your planner , and in an electronic calendar.

Plan backward from that due date to determine when you should have your library work completed. A good rule of thumb is to spend:

• Fifty percent of your time researching and reading
• Ten percent of your time sorting and marking your research
• Forty percent of your time writing and formatting

Timeline for Researching and Reading Stage

• 1 week for short papers with one or two sources
• 2-3 weeks for papers up to ten pages
• 2-3 months for a thesis

It’s important to get started right away on the first stage. In a perfect world, we would find all of the sources we need to write our paper in our nearby library. In the real world, however, we conduct internet queries and discover a few perfect books and articles that are absolutely essential to our topic—only to find that they are not available at the local library.

The good news is that you can still get the resources through an interlibrary loan. But that will take time. This is one good reason to do a thorough search early on with the help of a reference librarian .

Give yourself time to collect many possible resources for your project. You will soon find that some of the books and articles you choose don’t actually offer any useful information for your particular topic. You’ll need to make a few trips to the library. You won’t finish in one trip.

You’ll also discover that you will find additional potential sources in the bibliographies of your first selections. Sometimes the most time-consuming task is eliminating potential sources.

Timeline for Sorting and Marking Your Research

• 1 day for a short paper
• 3-5 days for papers up to ten pages
• 2-3 weeks for a thesis

You should read each of your sources at least twice. Read your sources the first time to soak in some information and to make notes on research cards.

Read your sources a second time more quickly, skimming through the chapters and putting sticky note flags on pages that contain important points or pages that contain passages that you want to cite. Write keywords on the sticky note flags.

Timeline for Writing and Formatting

• Four days for a short paper with one or two sources
• 1-2 weeks for papers up to ten pages
• 1-3 months for a thesis

You don’t really expect to write a good paper on your first attempt, do you?

You can expect to pre-write, write, and rewrite several drafts of your paper. You’ll also have to rewrite your thesis statement a few times, as your paper takes shape.

Don’t get held up writing any section of your paper—especially the introductory paragraph. It is perfectly normal for writers to go back and complete the introduction once the rest of the paper is completed.

The first few drafts don’t have to have perfect citations. Once you begin to sharpen your work and you’re heading toward a final draft, you should tighten your citations. Use a sample essay if you need to, just to get the formatting down.

Make sure your bibliography contains every source you’ve used in your research.

• How to Write a 10-Page Research Paper
• How to Narrow the Research Topic for Your Paper
• What Is a Bibliography?
• Ethos, Logos, Pathos for Persuasion
• How to Write a Solid Thesis Statement
• Research Paper Writing Checklist
• Writing an Annotated Bibliography for a Paper
• What Is a Senior Thesis?
• Finding Sources for Death Penalty Research
• How Can You Stretch a Paper to Make it Longer?
• Finding Trustworthy Sources
• Research Note Cards
• 5 Steps to Writing a Position Paper
• How to Use Verbs Effectively in Your Research Paper
• Tips for Typing an Academic Paper on a Computer
• The Introductory Paragraph: Start Your Paper Off Right

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Horizon Academic

How our program works, program overview, horizon academic is a trimester-long online research program for extraordinary high school students interested in doing undergraduate-level research. our program is structured to advise students in selecting a topic, conducting research, and crafting a research manuscript under the individualized guidance of a professor or doctoral researcher from a globally renowned university. students in horizon academic choose their own field of inquiry within one of the 15 subjects that we offer. after a trimester of reading, writing, and exploring, students finish their final projects, most often a 20 page research paper. by showcasing a student's very best work, horizon gives students the opportunity to get letters of recommendation, seek outside recognition of the quality of their work, and demonstrate their exceptional talent to universities. horizon academic has always been conducted entirely online, and students complete research projects using desktop research methods, without the need to access any equipment or research facilities.     please feel free to join our upcoming information session about the program if you're unable to join but would like a recording, please complete the interest form above, and a recording will be sent to you by email.   september 18 8:00pm eastern time: register here, horizon academic research program details, horizon is a purely online research program that connects exceptional high school students from around the world with top university professors. the program's capstone project is a 20 page research paper aimed to equip high schools students with the practical knowledge and research writing skills needed to excel in their future academic careers. horizon seminar uses a unique combination of small group classes (with an average class size of 4 and a maximum size of 6), office hours, writing clinics, and, of course, independent research. for students interested in more specialized topics, the horizon labs program offers completely individualized instruction and guidance on each student's research topic., choosing a research topic.

Students may choose to research any one of the pre-approved topics provided by their respective instructor. Alternatively, students may choose to develop a completely original research topic that best connects with their personal interests. Our professors, instructors, and teaching assistants work closely with students to formulate original research topics that are relevant to course material and ambitious enough to ground a 20 page research paper.

Duration and Time Commitment

Horizon scholars strive to produce a carefully crafted academic essay throughout the course of a trimester. Students have the option to apply for Spring, Summer, or Fall trimesters. We estimate that students will spend 8-10 hours per week on the project. The fall and spring trimesters each last for 16 weeks, while the summer trimester follows a more compact schedule of 10 weeks.

Research Methods  

Students may use a variety of methodologies and approaches, and we advise students on what method is the best fit for their preferred topic. Traditional qualitative methods such as argumentative essays and literature reviews are popular, and some topics are conducive to meta-analysis or formal research proposals. Students with a background in statistics or coding may also have the option to do empirical experimentation on publicly available data sets.

Outcomes  

Students will complete a 20 page research manuscript that is often the best and most ambitious work they've ever completed. Students will receive a grade from their instructor, along with detailed feedback throughout the writing process. Students who excel in the program have the opportunity to earn letters of recommendation, and exceptionally strong papers can be submitted to academic journals for publication, science fairs, essay contests, or academic conferences.

Our Subject Offerings

Horizon Seminar Course Structure

Orientation:.

Our orientation offers a comprehensive overview of how to use our unique teleconferencing software and online submission systems, how to best uphold research ethics and academic honesty, and how to navigate the transition from writing shorter to longer form essays.

Group Class with Professor:

Fourteen times throughout the trimester, each cohort of Horizon scholars meets together for either a group class or office hour session led by their professor. Group classes often involve class discussion of suggested readings, peer review sessions, and in-class debates and simulations.

Discussion & Office Hours with Teaching Assistants:

Six times throughout the trimester, each cohort of Horizon scholars meets together for a discussion session led by their teaching assistant. Horizon teaching assistants are either MA, MS, or Ph.D. candidates, or have completed their undergraduate studies and have 2 years of relevant work experience.

Virtual Writing Center:

At Horizon Academic, we aspire to provide the best possible training and mentoring to students as they navigate their research projects. Horizon offers assistance with general writing and composition, allowing class time to focus on the substance of each scholar’s research. Writing assistants identify stylistic, grammatical, and other procedural areas through which students may improve their draft papers, within 3 days of getting a draft.

Horizon Labs Course Structure  

20 hours of one on one advising sessions with your instructor：.

Horizon Labs instructors are PhD or postdoctoral researchers who are on the front lines of academic research in their respective fields, and many have taught university level classes in the subject.

Customized Course Design：

Horizon Labs courses are completely personalized and adaptable to the needs and research interests of each student. Generally, Horizon Labs instructors begin the program with a topic consultation to hear what topics a student is most interested in. They then lead several classes that teach students key concepts and necessary background knowledge to undertake the research. Once a student identifies their topic, students receive customized suggested reading lists, and classes shift to individualized mentorship sessions.

Horizon Seminar versus Horizon Labs

Program differences  , horizon seminar.

> Taught by professors & lecturers with decades of teaching experience.

> Offered for topics with broad appeal.

> Group classes have an average of 4 students (no more than 6).

Horizon Labs

> Taught by PhD researchers who are emerging experts in their fields.

> Offered for specialized topics.

> All classes are 1 on 1: students receive 100% individualized attention.

How Does Horizon Academic Help Students in the College Admissions Process?  

In an ever-more competitive admissions landscape, "standing out" matters..

Standing Out, So Colleges See Who You Really Are

In a stack of thousands of applications, how is yours different.

Completing college level research projects as a high school student makes you unique. Professors are busy people, and it's rare for a professor to work with a high school student on a research project. Most college students don't write a 20 page research paper until well into their college careers. Doing so in high school is exceptional and helps you stand out among thousands of other candidates.

An Assessment from a Professor or Researcher  

Grades and assessments show how well you did..

All students at Horizon Academic get a letter grade from their professor or instructor as well as detailed final project feedback on what they did well and areas for improvement.

A Supplement to the College Application

Many universities allow supplemental documents in their applications..

Many universities such as Cornell, MIT, and the University of Pennsylvania allow students to send supplemental documents along with an application. Many of our students have send their paper abstracts as application supplements.

Letters of Recommendation and Publication

For students who truly excel..

Our students who do their very best work and impress their professors or TA can request a letter of recommendation for admission to college. Students whose papers are truly exceptional can even get their work published in a journal, accepted at a conference, or selected by an essay contest.

Proof Positive You Can Succeed

In a high-intensity selective program..

Perhaps the best proof that you're capable of college-level work is to do college level work, early on in your academic career. By working with college faculty in a challenging and selective program, you signal to admissions officers that you are up to the challenges of being a student at an elite university.

Depth in Your Extracurriculars

Demonstrate commitment and depth in your after school activities..

More and more colleges such as the University of Chicago, George Washington University, and many top liberal arts colleges have become test optional. Without the SAT or ACT, how you spend your time after school matters more than ever. Yet many students commit to a wide range of extracurriculars, at the expense of depth and long-term improvement. Doing a long-term research project demonstrates that you're different and that you finish everything that you start.

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The Winter cohort application deadline is November 24, 2024.  

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The Complete Guide To Publishing Your Research In High School

Publishing academic research is becoming a common way for the top high school students to distinguish themselves in the admission process. Yet, for many students what publication is and how to approach it is unclear and confusing. This guide’s goal is to provide a starter for any students interested in research and publication. It comes from the result of working with 500+ students as part of the Lumiere Research Scholar Program.

What does it mean to “Publish Your Research?” What does publication even mean? In short, publishing your research means that you have gone through a rigorous, peer-reviewed process that has analyzed, critiqued, and ultimately accepted your research as legitimate. Scientific publications are gatekeepers to the broader world. If a research piece is not published by a journal, it means that it has not yet passed a rigorous, external analysis of the research.

Publications use a process called the “peer review” which means that fellow researchers in the same field will analyze the paper and its contribution and give feedback to the authors. This process is often double-blind, meaning that the reviewer does not know who the author is and the author does not know who the researcher is.

Is it possible for a high school student to publish their research? The short answer is yes. The longer answer, detailed below, is that there are many different types of journals that have different selectivity rates and bars for rigor. Just like universities, some publications are extremely competitive and provide a very strong external signal for the author. Some journals are less competitive and so provide a less powerful signal. For high school students, there is an emerging group of journals focused on high school or college-level research. These journals understand the limitations of high school students and their ability to do research, and so they are often more feasible (though still difficult) for students to get into. We’ll explore some types of those journals below.

Why publish your research in high school But, why even go to the trouble of publishing? Does it really matter? The short answer again is that it does matter. Publication in a top journal, like the Concord Review , can provide a valuable signal to a college admission officer about your work.

One thing to consider is who is an admission officer (for US universities). These people are usually generalists, meaning they have a broad background, but do not have researcher-level depth in many fields. That means it’s difficult for them to distinguish good research from bad research. What is rigorous and what is just put on an application?

This means that admissions officers search for signals when evaluating research or passion projects. Was the project selected into a selective journal? Did it go through a peer-review process by respected researchers? Was it guided by a researcher who the admission officer would believe? Did the research mentor guide speak positively about the student? All of these are positive signals. The publication is thus not the only way to signal ability, but it is one of the most important for young researchers.

What type of research can get published?

Most types of research can be published. But, the more original research that you can do, the broader the options you have. In other words, if you write a literature review, then your writing and synthesis must be very strong for it to be eligible for most publications. If you do some form of data collection or new data analysis, then the bar for rigor in student publications is usually a little bit lower as the difficulty to do this type of data collection or analysis is higher.

Types of Publication Targets

At Lumiere, we think of publications like students think of universities. There are research journals (most selective), target journals, and safety journals. In short, journals range in their selectivity and rigor. The more selective the journal, the better a signal it gives.

Highly Selective High School & College Publications

The first type of journals that students should think about are highly selective high school & college-level publications. These journals include the Concord Review or the Columbia Junior Science Journal . For example, one Lumiere student’s research was recently admitted to the Cornell Undergraduate Economic Review, a rigorous college-level journal for university-level economic papers. This student was the first high school student to ever be published in the journal, a clear signal.

These journals include both a review process and a limited number of spots in the journal. The Concord Review, for example, accepts about 45 student research papers each year of an estimated 900 submissions. The Columbia Junior Science Journal, similarly, publishes between 10-20 papers each year. Most of these journals will require original research or data collection of some sort.

Rigorous, Peer Reviewed High School Publications

The next level of journals are rigorous, peer-reviewed publications. These journals, such as the Journal of Emerging Investigators or the Journal of Student Research , have a peer-review process. These journals have requirements on the type of papers that are accepted (e.g., some will accept new data analyses, some will accept literature reviews). These journals do not have a certain number of slots predefined, but they do have a bar for what type of research they will accept. For these journals, students will submit their paper and the journal will assign (or ask you to identify) a potential set of reviewers for the paper. These reviewers will be researchers in the field, who hold a PhD. The reviewers will then give back comments. The Journal of Emerging Investigators stands out here among these journals as being one of the most rigorous and providing the most in-depth, critical feedback to students.

Pay to Play Research Journals (AVOID THESE) Finally, there are some journals that are essentially “Pay-to-play” meaning that they will accept any paper as long as a fee is paid. These journals are not only not academically ethical, they can actually be a bad signal in the admission process. For example, I spoke with a former Harvard Admission Officer, Sally Champagne , about her experience with publications. During the late 2000s, there was a high spike in students from Russia submitting “publications” that all linked back to a few fraudulent journals.

You can spot a fraudulent journal if there is a high fee for submitting the paper (some journals will charge a nominal fee to recoup their costs. That is OK, especially if they have a financial aid waiver). If any paper you submit is accepted without any revisions or feedback, then this is also a sign that the publication is not rigorous.

PhD Level Publications in A Field Finally, there are publications that PhD researchers or professors target with their research. These journals are highly selective and can take years of back and forth in order for a paper to be admitted. In general, we do not recommend high school students who are working on independent projects to target these journals for their difficulty and time required. The most common way to target these journals is if you act as a research assistant for a researcher on an existing project and you are credited as a supporting author.

Other Publication Options Beyond journals, there are other ways to showcase your research. I highlight some of those below.

Practitioner publications Another way to showcase your work is to target respected practitioner publications. These are places where non-researchers go to learn about developments. For example, one student in Lumiere published a piece in Tech In Asia summarizing his research on Open Innovation and the Ventilator Market (Tech In Asia is the Tech Crunch equivalent in South East Asia). Other practitioner publications include Online Magazines like Forbes or the Financial Times, local newspapers, or online blogs like the Huffington Post can all serve as possible targets. Generally publications in these places requires direct contact with an editorial manager, who can take a call as to whether your work is appropriate or not. To get to these editorial managers, you’ll need to do some online search and send them a pitch email that explains why your work is relevant to their audience. Offering an “exclusive” can be one additional way to make it attractive to the editors.

Research Conferences Another place to showcase your research is in research conferences. In some fields, like computer science, conferences are actually more common places to publish work than journals. One advantage of research conferences is that they often will accept abstracts of research instead of full-length research articles, making the amount of effort required to get accepted lower. As well, many conferences want more researchers to populate the conference, again making the admission process easier. Example conferences for high school students to look at include the Harvard Science Research Conference or the Sigma Xi Annual Meeting . There are also field specific conferences that you should search for based on your research paper.

Competitions

Finally, a common way to showcase your research is in the form of a student competition. Science fairs, such as ISEF Regeneron , is one common way for students to showcase their work. But, there are dozens of others, including the Genius Olympiad (Environmental Issues), John Locke Essay Competition , or the STEM Fellowship Competition . Competitions can be one of the highest impact ways to show your work because it’s clear signaling. If you can win a competition with hundreds of entrants, then being able to write about it in your application shows your unique ability. In addition, competitions can often be submitted to parallel with other research publications (check your publications requirements before doing that though!).

The Final Word – Publication Can Be High Impact If you have already written a research paper, then I highly encourage you to think about submitting it to high school or college level publications. The majority of work that you have done is spent on the research paper itself. So, if you can spend an additional 10-20 hours to showcase your research, then it’s highly valuable for you.

FAQ About Publications 1. Do I need to publish my research for it to be impactful? No, but it provides a useful signal. Doing research alone is a rare and impressive way for students to showcase their academic depth. If you can publish that research, it adds a layer of external legitimacy to that research.

2. Can I publish a research that is a literature review?

Yes, though, you’ll have to think of which target journals accept that. For example, the Journal of Student Research and the STEM Fellowship Journal both accept literature reviews, but the Journal of Emerging Investigators does not. In general, the more original research that you do (i.e., data analysis, data collection, etc.) the broader the range of publications you can target. With that said, some fields (e.g. astrophysics) can be particularly difficult to do new data collection as a high school student, so for those fields a rigorous literature review is usually the best choice.

3. Are all publications the same?

No. Publications are like universities. Some are highly respected, selective, and rigorous and others are not. The key is for you to identify a journal that is as selective/respected as possible that you can get into. Watch out for pay-to-play journals, as they can become negative signals for you and your application.

Additionally, you can also work on independent research in AI, through Veritas AI's Fellowship Program!

Veritas AI focuses on providing high school students who are passionate about the field of AI a suitable environment to explore their interests.

The programs include collaborative learning, project development, and 1-on-1 mentorship.  These programs are designed and run by Harvard graduate students and alumni and you can expect a great, fulfilling educational experience. Students are expected to have a basic understanding of Python or are recommended to complete the AI scholars program before pursuing the fellowship. 

The   AI Fellowship  program will have students pursue their own independent AI research project. Students work on their own individual research projects over a period of 12-15 weeks and can opt to combine AI with any other field of interest. In the past, students have worked on research papers in the field of AI & medicine, AI & finance, AI & environmental science, AI & education, and more! You can find examples of previous projects   here . 

Location : Virtual

$1,790 for the 10-week AI Scholars program

$4,900 for the 12-15 week AI Fellowship 

$4,700 for both

Need-based financial aid is available. You can apply   here . 

Application deadline : On a rolling basis. Applications for fall cohort have closed September 3, 2023. 

Program dates : Various according to the cohort

Program selectivity : Moderately selective

Eligibility : Ambitious high school students located anywhere in the world. AI Fellowship applicants should either have completed the AI Scholars program or exhibit past experience with AI concepts or Python.

Application Requirements: Online application form, answers to a few questions pertaining to the students background & coding experience, math courses, and areas of interest. 

Stephen is one of the founders of Lumiere and a Harvard College graduate. He founded Lumiere as a PhD student at Harvard Business School. Lumiere is a selective research program where students work 1-1 with a research mentor to develop an independent research paper - apply here !

High school research writing: Getting started

by Misti Lacy | Feb 19, 2019 | College Prep , Essays & Research Papers , High school

This post contains affiliate links. Read our full  disclosure policy .

Does the idea of high school research writing make you tremble? In this three-part series, I’ll walk you through the WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, and HOW of high school research writing, sharing tips and tricks I have learned during 25 years of teaching.

Juniors and seniors should tackle at least one substantial persuasive expository research paper before heading to college. Let’s get started!

Who should tackle a substantial research paper?

Because of the critical thinking and organization involved, this assignment must be reserved for older teens who have a solid foundation in five-paragraph essays and sentence structure . They should have already completed some research projects for essays or oral presentations.

If your student needs confidence in his or her writing skills, stop the presses and hit WriteShop I and WriteShop II . Older teens can zoom through the lessons in this curriculum and gain that solid foundation.

WriteShop I works on descriptive writing, sentence structure, and paragraph structure. WriteShop II allows the students to write persuasively, do some smaller research assignments, and gain experience in writing essays .

(For the sake of our discussion on high school research writing, I assume students have completed WriteShop I and II, or the equivalent.)

What should a high school research paper include?

• 1750-2500 word (7-10 page) persuasive exposition
• Reference page
• MLA or APA format
• At least 7 credible academic sources (.edu, .gov, .org)

What formatting should we use?

Not only must your teens know how to write well, they will also need to format their papers using a specific style , most commonly MLA and APA formatting .

Because college professors do not explain them, make sure students know the basics of these nationally accepted formats.

Details matter! Students must follow the guidelines for margins, reference pages, and in-text citations.

What research topics should we choose?

High school research writing gives teens the opportunity to choose relevant topics—and allows them to dig into and study those hard subjects for themselves. For instance:

Urban gardening Any current political issue Veganism Gun control Music education Recycling Computer gaming

Global warming Abortion Homeschooling Any one aspect of transhumanism Junk food Legalization of medical or recreational marijuana

Once he’s chosen a research topic, your student must choose a position and defend it with expert opinions, and call the reader to action.

Have fun—and don’t shy away from controversial “hot” topics ! Journal All Year Teen! Writing Prompt Calendar contains dozens of argumentative and persuasive topics to challenge your student.

This season of homeschooling presents a perfect time for your kids to study and make some decisions for themselves while you are around to give your input.

Pick a time and a place to do research writing—and stick with it. Using a calendar, decide together on dates for small deadlines . For example:

• Notes from three resources by March 1st
• Rough draft complete by March 25th

Meeting deadlines is a learned skill . Dock the grade if your teen has not met each stepping stone.

Students must have room to keep reference material organized and handy . If you have younger children, allowing your teen to wear noise-canceling headphones is a good idea.

When my kids worked on their research papers, I set up a long folding table in the middle of the living room. The computer, notes, books, and printed resources all stayed on the table until the project was finished.

Not surprisingly, my kids focused better in our living room than they did in a bedroom, where gaming or social media distracted them . Also, I could pop in and help them find sources or discuss an issue when they camped out next to the kitchen.

At a coffee shop

I feel “grown-up” when I work from a coffee shop. The general background noise of a coffee shop keeps me productive , whereas, noise from my family distracts me.

At the library

Ask for a study room; they’re great. Libraries, which have free Wi-Fi, allow you to talk (and sometimes even bring snacks and drinks) in study rooms. Plus, with reference materials and a helpful librarian just a few steps away, the library makes an ideal place to focus on research .

At home. In a cozy coffee shop. At your local library. Really, the WHERE can be anywhere these days.

Enjoy this season of homeschooling and come back next time when we delve into the HOW of high school research writing.

As WriteShop’s curriculum consultant , Misti Lacy draws from her years of experience as a veteran writing teacher and homeschool mom to help you build a solid writing foundation. Whether you’re deciding on products for your family , exploring our program for your school or co-op , or needing someone to walk you through your WriteShop curriculum, Misti is your girl! She has a heart for building relationships with you and your kids, and through her warm encouragement, she takes the fear out of teaching writing. 

Contact Misti today! She’s delighted to walk with you along your WriteShop journey.

Essay writing skills lie at the foundation of research writing. WriteShop I teaches strong paragraph writing and more mature sentence structure. These skills pave the way for students to learn five-paragraph essay writing in WriteShop II .

To learn more about the WriteShop I and II program from a real mom, check out this video by Annie and Everything .

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A Guide to Pursuing Research Projects in High School

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Most common high school pursuits and interests can be fit fairly neatly into the academic or extracurricular categories. There are of course required courses that you take, and then there are the activities that you pursue outside of school hours, usually for your own enjoyment. You may play on a sports team, participate in a service project, or pursue visual arts. In most cases, even if your interests are somewhat untraditional, you can somehow package them in a way that neatly qualifies them as an extracurricular activity.

But what if your interests outside of school are more academic in nature? What if you’ve long been fascinated by the potential that carbon sequestration holds to limit the effects of climate change? What if you’re interested in the history of civil disobedience, or the ability of exams to measure actual comprehension? Whatever the case may be, there are some topics of interest that just don’t fit neatly into any extracurricular club or activity.

If you find yourself longing to pursue an interest such as this, you might consider conducting your own research project. While the concept may seem daunting at first, if you break it down into smaller, manageable tasks, you’ll quickly find that you probably already have the skills necessary to get started.

In this post, we will outline the process for conducting a long-term research project independently, including several avenues for pursuing recognition of your work and a step-by-step guide to completing your project. If you’re interested in pursuing an independent research project during high school, keep reading.

Why Pursue an Independent Research Project?

An independent research project is a great way to explore an area of interest that you otherwise would not get to learn about outside of school. By undertaking a research project on your own, not only will you explore a personal area of interest in more depth, but also you will demonstrate your dedication to pursuing knowledge for the sake of learning and your ability to work independently over a prolonged period.

Independent research projects, when conducted well and presented appropriately on a college application, can be a great advantage to you on your college admissions.

How to Choose a Topic for a Research Project

If you’re interested in pursuing a research project, you probably already have a topic in mind. In fact, the desire to conduct a research project usually stems from an existing interest, not just from the idea to conduct research on a vague or undetermined subject matter.

You should aim to narrow your research project to something that has some academic relevance. Perhaps it is related to your existing coursework. Maybe it reflects work you hope to pursue in the future, either academically or professionally. Try to fine-tune your project enough that you can easily explain the driving force behind it and its relevance to your future career path.

While you don’t need to decide on your exact topic or thesis quite yet, you should have a general idea of what your project will entail before moving forward.

Are There Existing Avenues for Undertaking a Research Project At Your School?

While you could certainly conduct your research project completely independently from your school, it is usually easier and more productive to conduct it in a way that is somehow connected to the rest of your schooling.

If the project is STEM-oriented, think about whether it would fit into a science fair or other STEM competition in which your school already competes. Also consider the AP Capstone Program if your school offers it. The second course in this sequence is AP Research , and it requires an in-depth research project as its culminating assessment.

If neither of these formal avenues are available, or neither provides a good fit, look into the possibility of pursuing your project as an independent study. If your school offers independent studies for credit, you can usually get information about them from your adviser. These types of projects usually require an extended application process that must be followed closely if you want to gain approval.

Finally, even if you can’t take advantage of one of the options above, if you have achieved advanced standing or enough credits, your school might still allow you to undertake an extended individual research project through some type of formal arrangement. Talk with a teacher, mentor, or adviser to learn what your options are. Clearly communicate your innate desire to learn more about this specific topic and be prepared to give some background on the issue that you want to research.

Steps for Undertaking the Research Project

1. find a mentor or adviser.

You will need someone to help guide and advise your work, so finding a willing and able mentor should be one of your first steps. This should ideally be a person with existing expertise in the subject area you wish to pursue. In the least, this person should share your interest and passion for the topic.

A teacher at your school who can also serve as an adviser is ideal, and may even be a requirement if you are formally pursuing the project as an independent study for credit. If that is not possible, you can certainly find a mentor somewhere else, even remotely if necessary.

Find out if your subject matter pertains to any local industries or companies, or if there are any scientists or professionals nearby who specialize in it. Consider checking the instructors of local summer programs or judges from past science fairs at your school.   Also consider a professional who has written an article that interested you in the field.

Before you approach a mentor to request their help, familiarize yourself with his or her work. Be able to speak articulately about what has drawn you to him or her specifically. Put some thought into informed questions you might ask him or her. Be upfront about your needs if you are going to require any specific guidance or extended time or energy from your mentor. It might be difficult to find someone at first, but keep trying. Finding a mentor for your project is an important step.

2. Set a Timeline and Stick to It

Once you’ve found a mentor, you can get started laying out the timeline for your project. When you do this, list each step of your project as specifically as possible. These will include at a minimum: background research, writing a thesis statement, in depth research phase, outlining your final paper, drafting your paper, editing your paper, and publishing your paper.

You will probably have a completion date in mind, whether it’s required by the school or simply the end of the semester or school year. Work backwards from your completion date to set a realistic timeframe for each of these steps.

It helps to have a calendar displayed prominently with your deadlines listed clearly on it to keep you on track. Also be sure to put your deadlines into your school assignment book or Google calendar so that you can see how they overlap and affect your other commitments.

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3. Conducting Research

After you’ve completed your deadline calendar, you’re ready to get started with the fun stuff:   the actual research. There are many sources for finding high quality research materials. You can use your school library, your local library, and sometimes even the library at local colleges or universities. Sometimes the libraries at colleges are open only to registered students and faculty, but if you contact a library official or a member of the department related to your research project, you might be able to gain access for research purposes.

You may also take advantage of online research tools. Google Scholar is a good place to find peer-reviewed, high quality publications. You may also find out if your school has a subscription to any online research databases like Ebsco , or JSTOR . These databases provide digital compilations of hundreds of research journals, both current and archived.    

Be careful what you choose to use as sources, though. You need to ensure that every source you rely on is high-quality and fact-based. Many internet resources now are not as accurate as they might appear. Some are outdated and some are just wrong. Remember that just about anyone can publish something online these days, so you can’t rely on information that you find on just any old website. Be particularly wary of pages like Wikipedia that look like fact-based resources but are actually drawn from unfiltered user submissions.

As you research your topic, take careful notes to track your work. Choose a system to organize your notes, such as writing on notecards that can be easily organized, or using different colored pens to color code different subtopics of your research. By carefully organizing your notes, you’ll be better set up to organize your paper.

4. Organize Your Paper

Once you’ve completed the research phase of your project, you’re ready to organize your paper. Go through your notes carefully to see how they support your thesis. If they don’t, be prepared and open to changing your thesis. Always allow the research to guide the direction of your paper, and not vice versa.

Organize your notes into the order that makes most sense in your paper. Use them to guide an outline of your paper. Once they are in order, write out a rough outline of your paper.

Prewriting is an important step to writing your paper. It allows you to go into the drafting phase with as much preparation as possible so that your writing will have a clear direction when you begin.

5. Write Your Paper 

After your organization and prewriting, you’re ready to draft your paper. Try to break this phase up into smaller pieces so that you don’t burn out. Your final product will probably be one of the longest papers you’ve ever written, usually ranging from 15-30 pages depending on your subject, so you’ll want to pace yourself.

Break up your writing deadlines into more specific sub-deadlines to help guide your work. Set goals for completing the introduction, various sections of the body, and your conclusion.

6. Edit Your Paper 

There will be multiple stages of editing that need to happen. First, you will self-edit your first draft. Then, you will likely turn a draft of your paper in to your mentor for another round of editing. Some students even choose to have a peer or family member edit a draft at some point. After several rounds of editing, you will be prepared to publish your work.

7. Publish Your Work

Publication sounds like a very official completion of your project, but in reality publishing can take many different forms. It’s really just the final draft of your project, however you decide to produce it.

For some students, publication means submitting a draft of your project to an actual journal or formal publication. For others, it means creating a polished draft and a display board that you will present at a school or public event. For still others it might just be a polished, final draft bound and turned into your mentor.

However you decide to publish your work, be mindful that this should be a reflection of an entire semester or year of work, and it should reflect the very height of your learning and abilities. You should be proud of your final product.

If you’re a high school student with in-depth interests in a subject area that doesn’t fit neatly into any of your existing extracurriculars or academic courses, you should consider pursuing a research project to reflect your interest and dedication. Not only will your pursuit allow you to further explore a subject that’s interesting to you, but also it will be a clear example of your independence and commitment on your college applications.

Looking for help navigating the road to college as a high school student? Download our  free guide for 9th graders  and our  free guide for 10th graders . Our guides go in-depth about subjects ranging from  academics ,  choosing courses ,  standardized tests ,  extracurricular activities ,  and much more !

For more information about research and independent projects in high school, check out these posts:

• Ultimate Guide to the AP Research Course and Assessment
• How to Choose a Project for Your AP Research Course
• How to Get a Research Assistant Position in High School
• An Introduction to the AP Capstone Diploma
• How to Choose a Winning Science Fair Project Idea
• How to Plan and Implement an Independent Study in High School

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How to Publish Research as a High Schooler

Sarah bellardini.

• Last Updated on August 29, 2024

Table of Contents

If you’re a high school student passionate about a particular subject, undertaking an academic research project is one of the best ways to explore your interests, build critical thinking skills, and showcase your academic abilities beyond the classroom. Getting your research published is an extra step that both validates your work and signals to colleges that you’re ready to take on more advanced projects. 

Publishing as a high schooler might seem daunting, but there are many publications dedicated to rewarding and showcasing outstanding work from young academic researchers. In this blog post, we’ll explore how to publish research as a high schooler and highlight 10 research journals that publish high school students.

What it Means to Publish Research as a High Schooler

Publishing your research means that you have gone through a rigorous, peer-reviewed process that has analyzed, critiqued, and accepted your research. Scientific publications are gatekeepers to the broader world. If a research piece is not published by a journal, it means that it has not yet passed a rigorous, external analysis of the research. 

Why Publish in High School?

Publishing your research offers several benefits, including:

Recognition and Validation

Having your work published means validation of your work from the academic community.

Skill Development

The publishing process sharpens key academic and professional skills like research, writing, and communication.

College Applications

A published paper can significantly enhance your college applications , setting you apart from other applicants.

Contribution to Knowledge

Your research could contribute valuable insights to your field of interest.

While publishing your research may be lengthy and time-intensive, the process can be simplified to four steps:

1. Select the right journal.

The first step is to research academic journals that accept submissions from high school students. Some journals have dedicated sections for work by high schoolers while others only publish research from contributors under the age of 18. When selecting a journal, pick one (or several) that align with your research topic and pay close attention to details like word requirements and special criteria.

2. Prepare your paper for submission.

Read your chosen journal’s submission guidelines and format your paper accordingly. This often requires organizing your research into sections and preparing an abstract and/or cover letter.

3. Submit your paper.

Most journals accept submissions online. Before submitting your research, double-check that all required materials are included, correctly formatted, free from errors, and uploaded according to that journal’s specific guidelines. 

4. Respond to feedback and revise.

Once your research is peer-reviewed, you should expect to receive feedback. The journal may ask questions, seek additional information, or request revisions to your paper. After making necessary revisions, resubmit your paper according to the instructions. 

10 Research Journals that Publish High School Students 

Below is a list of 10 research journals that publish high school research on a variety of academic subjects:

1. Open Journal of Business and Management (OJBM)

The OJBM is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancement in the study of business and management. The goal is to platform academics all over the world to promote, share, and discuss issues and developments related to business and management. While most of the contributions come from more experienced researchers, OJBM is one of the few journals to accept high school research projects in business and management.

Subjects: Economics and Business 

Estimated Acceptance Rate: 15-20% (for high schoolers) 

2. Columbia Junior Science Research Journal

The Columbia Junior Science Research Journal is a highly prestigious research journal for high school students interested in the natural sciences, physical sciences, engineering, and social sciences. CJSJ originated from the Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal and is run by the same editorial staff. It promotes the development of young researchers versed in technical and communication skills, facets encoded into the DNA of Columbia University.

Subjects: Natural Sciences, Physical Sciences, Social Sciences, and Engineering

Estimated Acceptance Rate: 3% 

3. The Young Researcher

The Young Researcher is a peer-reviewed journal edited by secondary school students working closely with scholars and active researchers at universities and in the community. The journal’s mission is to provide a larger audience for the original academic research of high schoolers, a forum for peer-review, and a community of young researchers. In addition, the journal strives to advance the quality of academic writing in secondary schools. 

Subjects: Social Sciences, Humanities, and Physical Sciences

Estimated Acceptance rate: 65%

4. The Schola

The Schola is a journal of humanities and social sciences essays contributed by high school students all over the world. They accept essays written on topics in philosophy, history, art history, literature, politics, public policy, and sociology. If your essay is selected, The Schola gives you the full academic publishing experience—presenting research findings to a publisher, receiving editorial feedback, and editing the manuscript. Each student has a personalized editorial experience through the process.

Subjects: Humanities 

Acceptance Rate: They do not disclose their acceptance rate, but it’s safe to say this is a rigorous and highly selective journal.

5. The Concord Review

The Concord Review is a quarterly journal publishing history essays and the most prestigious journal in the country for high school students. Its prestige comes from its high level of selectivity, quality of research, and long history of contributors going on to top universities. The quality of writing for the published papers is also very high, with the average length of papers published at 9000 words (the longest was 21,000!). Only eleven students are chosen worldwide for each issue.

Subject: History 

Estimated Acceptance Rate: < 5 %

6. Journal of Emerging Investigators (JEI)

The Journal of Emerging Investigators is a peer-reviewed journal for middle and high school students, focusing on the biological and physical sciences. Under the guidance of a teacher or advisor, JEI gives students the opportunity to gain feedback on original research and publish their work in a peer-reviewed journal. JEI accepts work that comes from classroom-based projects, science fair projects, or other forms of mentor-supervised research. While the JEI website heavily promotes STEM research, the journal also accepts research from other disciplines, as long as it is original and hypothesis-driven.

Subject area: STEM, but open non-STEM

Estimated acceptance rate: 70-75%

7. Young Scientist Journal

The Young Science Journal is a product of the Vanderbilt Center for Science Outreach, a group that works in the field of scientific and technological literacy through unique partnerships between Vanderbilt University scientists, K-12 educators and students, and the local and global science community. Open to students aged 12 to 20, this journal covers science, engineering, and mathematics, offering a platform for young researchers worldwide.

Subjects: STEM

Estimated Acceptance Rate: 10-15%

8. Walt Whitman Journal of Psychology (WWJOP)

The Walt Whitman Journal of Psychology is a nationally recognized psychology journal run by high-school students for high-school students. The WWJOP is published bi-annually and electronically and reaches hundreds of schools and psychology students around the world. It is one of the few journals at this level to offer a subject specialization in the field of psychology. 

Subject: Psychology 

Estimated acceptance rate: 20-30%

9. Journal of Research High School (JRHS)

The Journal of Research High School is an open-access online research journal that aims at publishing academic work prepared exclusively by high school researchers. It is managed by a team of volunteer professional scientists, researchers, teachers, and professors. JRHS serves as a stepping-stone for high school authors to become experienced researchers with improved skills in the early stage of their academic life. The organization also has a platform where students can interact with other peers while at the same time gaining access to their academic works.

Subject: Any academic subject including the Sciences and Humanities 

Estimated Acceptance Rate: 30%

10. Curieux Academic Journal

The Curieux Academic Journal is a youth-led nonprofit founded in 2017 to publish research by high school and middle school students. They currently operate in California but have editors from across the nation. They are open to submissions from any academic subject, including the sciences and humanities, and encourage all forms of academic writing including but not limited to research papers, review articles, and humanity/social science pieces. Curieux works well as a backup publication for students pursuing research in the social sciences and humanities since they publish twelve issues per year and have a relatively higher acceptance rate. 

Subjects: Engineering, Humanities, Natural Science, Mathematics, and Social Science 

Estimated Acceptance Rate: 60-70%

Publishing research as a high school student is more than an academic accomplishment; it’s a formative experience that lays the groundwork for future success. Publishing offers a platform to share your discoveries, build your skills, and contribute to your field of interest in a meaningful way. Students who undertake this challenge learn more about their chosen topic, but also about perseverance, critical feedback, and the satisfaction of contributing knowledge to the world. The path to publication is demanding, but by following this guide and exploring the many publications open to high school students, you’ll discover that the rewards are worth it.

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The Complete Guide to Independent Research Projects for High School Students

Indigo Research Team

If you want to get into top universities, an independent research project will give your application the competitive edge it needs.

Writing and publishing independent research during high school lets you demonstrate to top colleges and universities that you can deeply inquire into a topic, think critically, and produce original analysis. In fact, MIT features "Research" and "Maker" portfolio sections in its application, highlighting the value it places on self-driven projects.

Moreover, successfully executing high-quality research shows potential employers that you can rise to challenges, manage your time, contribute new ideas, and work independently. 

This comprehensive guide will walk you through everything you need to know to take on independent study ideas and succeed. You’ll learn how to develop a compelling topic, conduct rigorous research, and ultimately publish your findings.

What is an Independent Research Project?

An independent research project is a self-directed investigation into an academic question or topic that interests you. Unlike projects assigned by teachers in class, independent research will allow you to explore your curiosity and passions.

These types of projects can vary widely between academic disciplines and scientific fields, but what connects them is a step-by-step approach to answering a research question. Specifically, you will have to collect and analyze data and draw conclusions from your analysis.

For a high school student, carrying out quality research may still require some mentorship from a teacher or other qualified scholar. But the project research ideas should come from you, the student. The end goal is producing original research and analysis around a topic you care about.

Some key features that define an independent study project include:

● Formulating your own research question

● Designing the methodology

● Conducting a literature review of existing research

● Gathering and analyzing data, and

● Communicating your findings.

The topic and scope may be smaller than a professional college academic project, but the process and skills learned have similar benefits.

Why Should High School Students Do Independent Research?

High school students who engage in independent study projects gain valuable skills and experiences that benefit and serve them well in their college and career pursuits. Here's a breakdown of what you will typically acquire:

Develop Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving Skills

Research and critical thinking are among the top 10 soft skills in demand in 2024 . They help you solve new challenges quickly and come up with alternative solutions

An independent project will give you firsthand experience with essential research skills like forming hypotheses, designing studies, collecting and analyzing data, and interpreting results. These skills will serve you well in college and when employed in any industry.

Stand Out for College Applications

With many applicants having similar GPAs and test scores, an Independent research study offer a chance to stand out from the crowd. Completing a research study in high school signals colleges that you are self-motivated and capable of high-level work. Showcasing your research process, findings, and contributions in your application essays or interviews can boost your application's strengths in top-level colleges and universities.

Earn Scholarship Opportunities

Completing an independent research project makes you a more preferred candidate for merit-based scholarships, especially in STEM fields. Many scholarships reward students who show initiative by pursuing projects outside of class requirements. Your research project ideas will demonstrate your skills and motivation to impress scholarship committees. For example, the Siemens Competition in Math, Science & Technology rewards students with original independent research projects in STEM fields. Others include the Garcia Summer Program and the BioGENEius challenge for life sciences.

Gain Subject Area Knowledge

Independent projects allow you to immerse yourself in a topic you genuinely care about beyond what is covered in the classroom. It's a chance to become an expert in something you're passionate about . You will build deep knowledge in the topic area you choose to research, which can complement what you're learning in related classes. This expertise can even help inform your career interests and goals.

Develop Time Management Skills

Time Management is the skill that lets you effectively plan and prioritize tasks and avoid procrastination. With no teacher guiding you step-by-step, independent study projects require strong time management, self-discipline, and personal responsibility – skills critical in college and adulthood.

Types of Independent Research Projects for High School Students

Understanding the different types and categories can spark inspiration if you need help finding an idea for an independent study. Topics for independent research generally fall into a few main buckets:

Science Experiments

For students interested in STEM fields, designing and carrying out science experiments is a great option. Test a hypothesis, collect data, and draw conclusions. Experiments in physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, and psychology are common choices. Science experiment is best for self-motivated students with access to lab equipment.

Social Science Surveys and Studies  

Use research methods from sociology, political science, anthropology, economics, and psychology to craft a survey study or field observation around a high school research project idea that interests you. Collect data from peers, your community, and online sources, and compile findings. Strong fit for students interested in social studies.

Literary Analysis Paper

This research category involves analyzing existing research papers, books, and articles on a specific topic. Imagine exploring the history of robots, examining the impact of social media on mental health, or comparing different interpretations of a classic novel. If you are an English enthusiast, this is an easy chance to showcase your analytical writing skills.

Programming or Engineering Project

For aspiring programmers or engineers, you can take on practical student projects that develop software programs, apps, websites, robots, electronic gadgets, or other hands-on engineering projects. This type of project will easily highlight your technical skills and interest in computer science or engineering fields in your college applications

Historical Research

History research projects will allow you to travel back and uncover the past to inform the future. This research involves analyzing historical documents, artifacts, and records to shed light on a specific event or period. For example, you can conduct independent research on the impact of a local historical figure or the evolution of fashion throughout the decades. Check to explore even more history project ideas for high school students .

Artistic and Creative Works

If you are artistic and love creating art,  you can explore ideas for independent study to produce an original film, musical composition, sculpture, painting series, fashion line, or other creative work. Alongside the tangible output, document your creative process and inspirations.

Bonus Tip: Feel free to mix different ideas for your project. For example, you could conduct a literature review on a specific historical event and follow it up with field research that interviewed people who experienced the event firsthand.

How To Conduct an Independent Research Project

Now that you have ideas for project topics that match your interests and strengths, here are the critical steps you must follow to move from mere concept to completed study.

1. Get Expert Guidance and Mentorship

As a high school student just starting out in research, it is advised to collaborate with more experienced mentors who will help you learn the ropes of research projects easily. Mentors are usually professors, post-doctoral researchers, or graduate students with significant experience in conducting independent project research and can guide you through the process. 

Specifically, your mentor will advise you on formulating research questions, designing methodologies, analyzing data, and communicating findings effectively. To quickly find mentors in your research project area of interest, enroll in an online academic research mentorship program that targets high school students. You’d be exposed to one-on-one sessions with professors and graduate students that will help you develop your research and publish your findings.

The right mentor can also help transform your independent project ideas into a study suitable for publication in relevant research journals. With their experience, mentors will guide you to follow the proper research methods and best practices. This ensures your work meets the standards required, avoiding rejection from journals. 

2. Develop a Compelling Research Question

Once you are familiar with the type of independent research best suited to your strengths and interests, as explained in the previous section, the next step is to develop a question you want to answer in that field. This is called a research question and will serve as the foundation for your entire project.

The research question will drive your entire project, so it needs to be complex enough to merit investigation but clear enough to study. Here are some ts for crafting your research question:

●  Align your research question(s) with topics you are passionate about and have some background knowledge. You will spend a significant amount of time on this question.

●  Consult with your mentor teacher or professor to get feedback and guidance on developing a feasible, meaningful question

●  Avoid overly broad questions better suited for doctoral dissertations. Narrow your focus to something manageable, but that still intrigues you.

●  Pose your research question as an actual question, like "How does social media usage affect teen mental health?" The question should lay out the key variables you'll be investigating.

●  Ensure your question and desired approach are ethically sound. You may need permission to study human subjects.

●  Conduct preliminary research to ensure your question hasn't already been answered. You want to contribute something new to your field.

With a compelling research question as your compass, you're ready to start your independent study project. Remember to stay flexible; you may need to refine the question further as your research develops.

3. Set a Timeline and Write a Proposal

After defining your research question, the next step is to map out a timeline for completing your research project. This will keep you organized and help you develop strong time management skills.

Start by creating a schedule that outlines all major milestones from start to finish. In your schedule, allow plenty of time for research, experimentation, data analysis, and compiling your report. Always remember to build in some cushion for unexpected delays.

Moreover, you can use tools like Gantt charts to design a timeline for an independent research project . Gantt charts help you visualize your research project timeline at a glance. See the video below for a tutorial on designing a Gantt chart to plan your project schedule:

[YouTube Video on How to Make a Gantt Chart: https://youtu.be/un8j6QqpYa0?si=C2_I0C_ZBXS73kZy ]

Research Proposal

To have a clear direction of the step-by-step process for your independent study, write a 1-2 page research proposal to outline your question, goals, methodology, timeline, resources, and desired outcomes. Get feedback from your mentor to improve the proposal before starting your research. 

Sticking to your timeline requires self-discipline. But strive to meet your goals and deadlines; it will build invaluable real-world skills in time and project management. With a plan in place, it's time to move forward with your research.

4. Do Your Research

This is the active phase where a student is conducting a research project. The specific method you will follow varies enormously based on your project type and field. You should have your methodology outlined in your approved research proposal already. However, most independent research has a similar basic process:

• Review existing studies : Perform a literature review to understand current knowledge on your topic and inform your own hypothesis/framework. Read relevant studies, articles, and papers.
• Create methodology materials : Design your independent research methodology for gathering data. This may involve experiments, surveys, interviews, field observations, or analysis of existing artifacts like texts or datasets.
• Permissions and Equipment :  Secure any necessary equipment and permissions. For example, if doing interviews, you'll need a recording device and consent from participants.
• Collect your data : For science projects, perform experiments and record results. For surveys, recruit respondents and compile responses. Gather enough data to draw valid conclusions.
• Analyze the data using appropriate techniques : Quantitative data may involve statistical analysis, while qualitative data requires coding for themes. Consult your mentor for direction.
• Interpret the findings : Take care not to overstate conclusions. Look for patterns and relationships that shed light on your research question. Always maintain rigorous objectivity.

While a student's project methodology and its execution are unique, ensure you follow the standard practices in your field of interest to ensure high-quality acceptable results. You can always refer to the plan in your research proposal as you diligently carry out the steps required to execute your study. Ensure you have detailed records that document all your processes.  

5. Write Your Final Paper and Presentation

Once you've completed your research, it's time to summarize and share your findings with the world by writing the final paper and designing its presentation. This involves synthesizing your work into clear, compelling reporting.

Drafting the paper will likely involve extensive writing and editing. Be prepared to go through multiple revisions to get the paper polished. Follow the standard format used in academic papers in your field;  your mentor can provide you with examples of independent study related to yours. The final product should include: 

• Abstract : A short summary of your project and conclusions.
• Introduction : Background on your topic, goals, and research questions.
• Literature Review : Summary of relevant existing research in your field.
• Methods : Detailed explanation of the methodology and process of your study.
• Results : Presentation of the data and main findings from your research. Using visual representations like charts was helpful.
• Discussion : Objective interpretation and analysis of the results and their significance.
• Conclusion : Summary of your research contributions, limitations, and suggestions for future work.
• References/Bibliography : Full citations for all sources referenced.

Adhere to clear academic writing principles to keep your writing objective and straightforward. Generally, stick to a 10-15 page length limit appropriate for student work. However, you may need to write more depending on your project type.

6. Research Presentation

After writing your research project report, you should prepare a presentation to share your research orally. Moreover, a research presentation is a tangible opportunity to practice public speaking and visual communication skills. Your presentation will include slides, handouts, demonstrations, or other aids to engage your audience and highlight key points in your independent study project.

Once you have written your final paper, you will likely want to publish it in relevant journals and publications. For detailed tips see our guide on how to publish your student research paper . Some options you have to formally publish your high school-level independent research include:

• Submitting your paper to academic journals and competitions
• Presenting at symposiums and science fairs
• Sharing on online research databases
• Adding your work to college applications

Publishing your independent project allows you to share your findings with broader scholarly and student audiences. It also helps amplify the impact of all your hard work.

Independent Research Project Examples

To spark creative ideas for independent research projects, it can be helpful to read through and examine examples of successful projects completed by other high school students in recent years. Here are some inspiring examples:

●  Using machine learning to diagnose cancer based on blood markers (bioinformatics)

●  Applying feature engineering and natural language processing to analyze Twitter data (data science)

●  Investigating connections between stress levels and HIV/AIDS progression (health science)

●  The Relationship between Color and Human Experience

These published i ndependent research project examples demonstrate the impressive research high schoolers take on using the Indigo research service with mentors from different fields. Let these case studies motivate your creative investigation and analysis of the best ideas for your project.

Need Mentorship for Your Independent Research Project?

As outlined in this guide, conducting a rigorous independent research study can be challenging without proper guidance from experts, especially for high school students. This is why partnering with an experienced research mentor is so crucial if your goal is to produce publishable research work.

With Indigo's structured research programs and ongoing expert feedback, you can elevate your high school independent study to a professional level. To get matched with the perfect research mentor aligned with your academic interests and passions, apply to Indigo Research now.

Indigo Research connects high school students with PhD-level researchers and professors who provide one-on-one mentorship through the entire research process - from refining your initial topic idea all the way through analyzing data, writing up results, and finalizing your findings.

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20 Journals to Publish Your Research in High School

By Eric Eng

Are you a high school student looking to showcase your research and academic achievements? Exploring opportunities to publish your work in reputable journals tailored to high school researchers can be an invaluable step in your academic journey. In this blog, we’ll delve into 20 prominent “journals to publish your research in high school,” providing insight into their focus areas, submission processes, and impact within the academic community.

1. Young Scholars in Writing

• Submission Deadline: April 16, 2024
• Area/s of Expertise: writing, rhetoric, discourse, language, and related topics
• Research Type: Original research, peer-reviewed

Young Scholars in Writing: Undergraduate Research in Writing and Rhetoric is dedicated to publishing research articles authored by undergraduates exploring themes within rhetoric and writing. They aim to showcase papers that blend secondary sources with primary research conducted by the author(s), or that ground their inquiries within a specific theoretical framework. Ultimately, they prioritize articles that offer substantive intellectual contributions to their respective fields.

Young Scholars in Writing, one of the best journals to publish your research in the country, actively encourages collaborative manuscripts and research focusing on historically or presently marginalized or underrepresented communities and cultures.

Their peer-review process involves undergraduate students from various two- and four-year colleges nationwide, as well as past contributors to the journal. Additionally, the journal undergoes faculty review by members of the editorial board hailing from institutions of higher education throughout the United States.

2. The Concord Review

• Cost: $50 for submission and $200 for the publication cost
• Submission Deadline: August 1 (Winter), November 1 (Spring), February 1 (Summer) and May 1 (Fall).
• Area/s of Expertise: all academic concetrations
• Research Type: all types of academic research

The Concord Review , one of the most popular journals to publish your research, is a quarterly publication showcasing history essays authored by high school students. Renowned as the foremost journal for high school students in the social sciences, its esteemed reputation stems from its exceptional selectivity (presently below 5%), unwavering commitment to quality, and a distinguished history of contributors being admitted to top-tier universities.

The caliber of published papers is notably superior, with an average length of 9000 words over the past year. A qualitative evaluation of these papers underscores the considerable time and effort invested, coupled with a remarkable standard of writing.

3. High School Journal of Science

• Cost: $250 as publication cost
• Submission Deadline: rolling
• Area/s of Expertise: Science and Social Science
• Research Type: Original research and literature-reviewed

The National High School Journal of Science (NHSJS) operates under the oversight and peer-review of high school students globally, complemented by a scientific advisory board comprised of adult academics. Typically, the journal requires 1-2 months to evaluate submissions for acceptance , followed by an editing process lasting up to 1 month. NHSJS welcomes submissions across a broad spectrum of science and social science disciplines on an ongoing basis.

Considering its comparatively higher acceptance rate, NHSJS is often recommended as a secondary option for publication. Based on our experience in assisting students with submissions to NHSJS, we estimate an acceptance rate of approximately 70%.

4. International Journal of High School Research

The International Journal of High School Research (IJHSR) features research conducted by high school students across disciplines such as behavioral and social sciences, technology, engineering, and mathematics, encompassing both original research and literature review articles. With a publication frequency of six issues per year, IJHSR operates on a rolling submissions basis and offers open access to the public. The journal is administered by the nonprofit organization Terra Science and Education.

A distinctive requirement of IJHSR is that authors must solicit and secure the agreement of three professors or post-doctoral scholars to review their paper. Given the time-intensive nature of this process, we recommend initiating contact with potential reviewers early in the research phase if aiming to publish in IJHSR.

5. Journal of Student Research

• Submission Deadline: February 29, 2024
• Area/s of Expertise: all academic concentrations and disciplines

This journal, headquartered in Houston, Texas, is a multidisciplinary publication subject to faculty review. It showcases research contributions from high school, undergraduate, and graduate students across a diverse range of disciplines. The journal welcomes submissions covering applied and theoretical research in any field.

The Journal of Student Research (JSR) enjoys popularity among high school students owing to its inclusive approach to research topics. High school students can submit various forms of research projects, articles, posters, review articles, and even AP Capstone Research to JSR.

While we typically advise students to aim for more selective journals as primary targets, JSR serves as a reliable backup option for journals to publish your research. Drawing from our experience guiding numerous students through the submission process, we consider JSR best suited for this role due to its comparatively high acceptance rate. However, it’s important to note its extended publishing timeline, which typically spans around 6-7 months.

6. Journal of High School Science

• Cost: free submission
• Area/s of Expertise: science and social sciences
• Research Type: original research, peer-review

The Journal of High School Science (JHSS) is a peer-reviewed STEAM publication that highlights the inventive ideas and contributions of high school students across science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM) disciplines. The Journal publishes original research and experiments featuring quantitative results. These results must stem directly from experimental observations, supported by thorough statistical analysis and a sufficiently large sample size.

While it offers a relatively high acceptance rate, making it a suitable backup option, it falls slightly below alternatives like the STEM Fellowship Journal and Journal of Emerging Investigators . Based on our experience, for students seeking a more dependable backup, we suggest considering NHSJS over JHSS. NHSJS holds a marginally higher level of selectivity compared to JHSS, enhancing its reliability as a secondary choice.

7. Young Scientist Journal

• Submission Deadline: to be announced (typically every December)
• Area/s of Expertise: all scientific fields

Young Scientist is a publication aimed at acknowledging the remarkable accomplishments of high school scientists. It is a venture of the Vanderbilt Collaborative for STEM Education and Outreach, a dedicated group committed to enriching scientific and technological literacy by fostering distinctive collaborations among Vanderbilt University scientists, K-12 educators and students, and the broader science community, both locally and globally.

YSJ stands as yet another of our selective recommendations for students who want to right high quality research in the field of science.

8. STEM Fellowship Journal

• Cost: CAD 400 for publication
• Area/s of Expertise: STEM

The STEM Fellowship Journal welcomes original research and review articles authored by individual or group contributors, with or without mentorship input. This encompasses research spanning all domains of Science, Technology, Engineering , and Mathematics (STEM), conducted by high school, undergraduate, and graduate students alike. Serving as the flagship platform for STEM Fellowship, the journal plays a pivotal role in advancing the organization’s core mission of fostering scholarly writing and publication among the emerging cohort of STEM researchers.

Although SFJ presents a valuable option, our observations suggest that the journal may sometimes experience delays in communication with submitting students. Additionally, while the review process previously operated on a 2-month timeline, this duration has lengthened to 4-5 months throughout 2022-2023. It’s essential to bear these factors in mind, particularly if you’re working within a tight deadline.

9. Hope Humanities Journal

• Cost: $100 for publication
• Area/s of Expertise: Social Sciences, Humanities
• Research Type: original research, peer-review, literary pieces like reviews/critiques, poems, essays

HOPE, one of the easiest journals to publish your research in, serves as an online humanities platform accessible to all with an interest in the humanities. It offers an international, nonprofit academic forum to champion the humanities and celebrate the accomplishments of young writers. HOPE welcomes submissions of literature (including poetry and prose), research papers, art such as illustrations and photography, and editorials.

Submissions are accepted on a rolling basis, with issues published every two months. Accepted works are considered for inclusion in at least the subsequent two issues.

HOPE stands as another preferred choice for students in the humanities, following Schola.

10. Journal of Emerging Investigators

• Research Type: original research, hypothesis-based research

The Journal of Emerging Investigators typically ranks as our top recommendation for students engaged in original STEM research. Notably affiliated with Harvard , JEI is renowned for its thorough review process, which may extend up to 7-8 months.

It’s crucial to note that JEI exclusively accepts original hypothesis-driven research. Furthermore, while the JEI website predominantly showcases STEM research, submissions from other disciplines are also welcomed. For example, if you conduct original research on topics such as financial markets or political preferences based on demographics, you can still submit to JEI.

JEI employs a review process akin to that of many professional scientific journals. However, we have tailored it to prioritize the educational journey of our student authors, who are likely navigating the intricacies of scientific writing and publishing for the first time. For further details on our review process, please refer to the following information.

• Cost: $120 for publication
• Area/s of Expertise: Social Science, Humanities

Schola is a quarterly journal showcasing humanities and social sciences essays penned by high school students worldwide. Covering an extensive array of subjects within humanities and social sciences, Schola accepts essays exploring topics spanning philosophy, history, art history, English, economics, public policy, and sociology.

Essays submitted to Schola must address academic, answerable, and specific topics conducive to thorough examination within a 4,000-5,000-word format. Published essays and their respective authors are announced during the first week of each issue month, which occurs in March, June, September, and December. Subscribers gain access to all journals within the Archives.

Schola, another one of the journals to publish your research, stands out as one of our foremost recommendations for students keen on exploring social sciences and humanities, owing to its rigorous review process and discerning selection criteria. The journal consistently upholds a standard of publishing high-quality work.

12. Journal of Research High School

• Area/s of Expertise: mainly science and humanities but other concentrations are accepted
• Research Type: Original research, peer-review, literature-review

The Journal of Research High School (JRHS) is an open-access online research journal dedicated to showcasing academic work crafted exclusively by high school researchers. With a focus on nurturing the future scientific community, JRHS provides a platform for high school students to share their research and writing expertise through quality journals and articles. Additionally, it encourages student engagement in disseminating research papers under the guidance of research advisors.

By serving as a stepping stone, JRHS facilitates the development of research skills among high school authors, setting them on a path toward becoming experienced researchers early in their academic journey. Moreover, it fosters an interactive environment where students can connect with peers and access their academic contributions.

JRHS welcomes original research and insightful literature reviews across various fields, including Engineering, Humanities, Natural Sciences, Mathematics , and Social Sciences, among others, for potential publication.

13. Stanford Intersect

• Area/s of Expertise: mostly STEM and humanities
• Research Type: Original research, peer-review, book reviews and essays

Intersect, one of the journals to publish your research, is a globally recognized research journal in Science, Technology, and Society, managed by undergraduate students at Stanford University with support from the Program in STS at Stanford. It serves as a platform for publishing research and scholarship focused on the social dynamics that influence, support, or hinder research and innovation, while also exploring how these social forces are influenced by evolving science and technology.

Welcoming submissions from undergraduate, graduate, and PhD students, Intersect encourages interdisciplinary work at the intersection of disciplines such as history, culture, sociology, art, literature, business, law, health, and design with science and technology. While the journal’s submissions are not restricted to Stanford affiliates, they typically represent diverse perspectives from various continents.

Intersect publishes quarterly online at intersect.stanford.edu and is widely referenced in Google Scholar. As an open-access journal, it offers free access to its content to foster global knowledge exchange. Intersect aims to publish three times per academic year, typically at the conclusion of Autumn, Winter, and Spring quarters, and accepts submissions on a rolling basis.

14. Open Journal of Business and Management

• Cost: $299 for publication
• Area/s of Expertise: Business, Entrepreneurship, and Economics
• Research Type: Various forms of academic articles, including reviews, original research papers, and short reports

OJBM stands as an international journal dedicated to advancing the study of business and management. Its objective is to serve as a forum for scholars and educators worldwide to foster, exchange, and deliberate on emerging issues and developments across various domains of business and management.

We recommend OJBM, one of the best journals to publish your research, as a valuable resource for students with an interest in business studies and management. It is among the select few journals that welcome research contributions in these fields from high school students.

It’s worth noting the distinction we make between business and economics; certain economic concepts may not fall within the purview of business. Therefore, if your research pertains to financial markets, you may find IJHSR or JEI (mentioned in this blog) to be more suitable options.

15. Curieux Academic Journal

• Cost: $159 for publication
• Area/s of Expertise: STEM, Natural Science, Social Science, and Humanities
• Research Type: This includes a range of scholarly works, such as research papers, review articles, and contributions in the humanities and social sciences.

Established in 2017, the Curieux Academic Journal is a youth-led nonprofit dedicated to publishing research by high school and middle school students. While based in California , they boast editors from across the nation.

Submitting your paper to Curieux presents an excellent opportunity to hone your skills in academic writing. They welcome submissions from all academic subjects, spanning the sciences and humanities.

Curieux embraces various forms of academic writing, including research papers, review articles, and contributions in the humanities and social sciences. With a monthly publication schedule, they release twelve issues annually. We often suggest Curieux as a secondary publication option for students engaged in research within the social sciences and humanities, given its comparatively higher acceptance rate.

16. Walt Whitman Journal of Psychology

• Submission Deadline: March 20, 2024
• Area/s of Expertise: Psychology and
• Research Type: Original Research and Analysis writeups

The Whitman Journal of Psychology is a fully student-led publication that highlights research and literature reviews conducted by high school students in the field of psychology. With a global reach, the journal connects with hundreds of schools and psychology enthusiasts worldwide. It is electronically published and freely accessible to all readers.

Authors are required to adhere to the guidelines outlined in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). The Journal retains the right to make adjustments to accepted submissions to ensure compliance with APA style. Manuscripts should not exceed 20 pages and must include a reference list and parenthetical citations following APA style guidelines.

17. The Pegasus Review: UCF Undergraduate Research Journal

• Submission Deadline: rolling admissions
• Area/s of Expertise: all academic field

The URJ, one of the journals to publish your research, is a peer-reviewed journal showcasing the research conducted by undergraduate students at the University of Central Florida across various disciplines. Established in 2007, the URJ has published over 100 articles authored by UCF undergraduate students. All undergraduates engaged in faculty-mentored research projects are encouraged to submit their work for potential publication.

Undergraduate students at the University of Central Florida have the opportunity to submit their research to The Pegasus Review: UCF Undergraduate Research Journal (URJ). Submissions must reflect work completed during the student’s enrollment as an undergraduate , although they may submit research for publication up to six months after graduation. Additionally, undergraduates from other institutions may submit to the URJ if the research conducted at the University of Central Florida is endorsed by a UCF faculty member. UCF undergraduates are also eligible to collaborate on papers with undergraduate and graduate students from other institutions, provided that the main author of the manuscript is from UCF.

18. Youth Medical Journal

• Submission Deadline: s ubmission is closed at the moment (typically opens in march)
• Area/s of Expertise: medical science
• Research Type: Original Research and academic commentaries

The Youth Medical Journal is a nonprofit, Diamond Open Access, and internationally student-run publication catering to students with a medical focus. Our platform consistently publishes peer-reviewed manuscripts across various medical specialties within their respective sub-journals.

Thepublication aims to cultivate the skills of budding researchers by adhering to the standards set by esteemed journals such as Nature, Frontiersin, Elsevier, The New England Journal of Medicine, British Medical Journal, Journal of the American Medical Association, and others. Additionally, they aspire to serve as a platform for students seeking to publish articles even before they have undergone any formal university or college courses. Nevertheless, the publication also welcomes submissions from students with formal research training and experience.

We’ve observed that this journal serves as a valuable starting point for students who are new to submitting research papers. However, during busy periods, they have previously halted submissions.

19. Critical Debates HSGJ

• Area/s of Expertise: Humanities, Science, and Global Justice
• Research Type: Original Research, peer reviews

Emerging young scholars in high school from around the globe are invited to submit original scholarly work and/or well-balanced critical opinion perspectives for this peer-reviewed journal on critical debates facing society. Humanities enable understanding of the human experience, while science involves the pursuit of knowledge of the natural and social world through systematic scientific methodology. Student work may be connected to either area or both. Global justice involves the pursuit of theory and action to better understand the world, transcend borders, and acknowledge responsibilities towards it.

This is one of the journals to publish your research that aims to foster dialogue around critical viewpoints, lenses, and debates concerning pressing global issues. Submissions are encouraged to utilize diverse lenses to analyze pressing world problems, such as using math and science to understand public policy debates and using the humanities and arts to understand justice and human rights.

20. International Youth Neuroscience Association Journal

• Area/s of Expertise: Neuroscience
• Research Type: Original Research, peer reviews, academic commentary

The International Youth Neuroscience Association (IYNA) is a global, youth-led 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization dedicated to inspiring the next generation of neuroscientists. The mission of the organization is to introduce students to the excitement of scientific inquiry and enable them to explore the wonders of the brain. This mission involves providing high-quality, open-access opportunities for students to authentically pursue neuroscience. This is accomplished through hosting a variety of open-access, high-quality events, and programs, including Youth Neuroscience (a summer program), the IYNA Annual Ideathon, and Brain Bee Bootcamps. Additionally, young neuroscience enthusiasts have the opportunity to receive special training through a series of webinars and gain experience through publishing in the IYNA Journal.

Since its inception, the International Youth Neuroscience Association (IYNA) has worked to develop, refine, and distribute high-quality, accessible neuroscience resources. The organization particularly aims to address disparities in neuroscience education resulting from socioeconomic and geographic differences.

What are the Publishing Options Available for High School Students?

1. peer-reviewed journals.

These journals undergo the peer review process, wherein authors submit their work to the journal, and the journal’s editors forward the work to a group of independent experts in the same field or discipline, typically grad students or other scientists with advanced degrees. These experts, known as peer reviewers, assess the work based on predetermined criteria, including research quality, methodology validity, data accuracy, and findings originality. Peer reviewers may offer suggestions for revisions or leave comments, but ultimately, editors determine which suggestions to provide to the author.

Upon receiving suggestions, authors have the opportunity to make revisions before submitting their final work back to the journal. The editor then decides whether to publish the work or not.

2. Non Peer-Reviewed Journals

Non-peer-reviewed journals refer to publications that do not undergo a formal review process by independent experts in the field before publication. While peer-reviewed journals are often regarded as more credible and prestigious due to the rigorous evaluation process, non-peer-reviewed journals offer advantages such as expedited publishing timelines and greater accessibility for authors.

Although peer-reviewed journals uphold higher standards of quality and validity, the review process can be time-consuming and may delay the publication of your work. In contrast, non-peer-reviewed journals typically offer quicker turnaround times, making them a convenient option for authors who are pressed for time, particularly when preparing college applications or seeking timely dissemination of their research findings.

While the credibility and prestige associated with peer-reviewed journals are undeniable, the choice between peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed journals ultimately depends on the author’s priorities and objectives, balancing factors such as credibility, speed of publication, and the targeted audience’s preferences.

3. Pre Print Archives

Preprint archives, also known as preprint servers, are online platforms where student researchers can freely upload and disseminate their research papers without undergoing any formal review process. These archives provide a means for students to swiftly share their findings with the scientific community, facilitating rapid dissemination of research and enabling scholars to receive feedback on their work.

One of the key advantages of preprint archives is the ability to quickly share research findings while awaiting publication in peer-reviewed journals. Unlike traditional journal submission processes, which often entail lengthy review timelines spanning several months, preprint archives offer a more expedited route for sharing research outcomes.

Importantly, sharing work on a preprint archive does not preclude or hinder subsequent submission to a peer-reviewed journal. Authors retain the option to submit their work for formal review and publication in academic journals after sharing it on a preprint server. This flexibility allows researchers to engage with both the preprint and peer-reviewed publication processes, maximizing the visibility and impact of their research within the scientific community.

How to Submit to Multiple Journals

Developing a strategy for submitting your research paper to multiple journals can optimize your chances of publication and ensure efficient use of resources. It’s important to recognize that a paper can only be published in one peer-reviewed journal; simultaneous submission to multiple journals is generally prohibited and may hinder publication opportunities.

However, if your paper is not accepted by one journal, you retain the freedom to submit it to alternative journals for consideration. As such, it’s advisable to approach the submission process with a thoughtful strategy in mind.

Begin by identifying your ideal publication venue and considering potential backup options. Reflect on factors such as the journal’s scope, audience, impact factor, and prestige to determine your preferences. While aiming for your top choice journal, it’s prudent to have contingency plans in place, including secondary and tertiary journal options.

Preprint archives, such as arXiv and the Research Archive of Rising Scholars, offer an additional avenue for sharing your research before peer-reviewed publication. Posting your work on a preprint server enables you to establish a presence in your research field, solicit feedback from the community, and garner early recognition for your findings. It’s worth noting, however, that reputable preprint servers typically recommend posting your preprint on only one platform to avoid confusion or duplication.

By carefully strategizing your journal submissions and considering preprint options, you can navigate the publication process effectively and maximize the visibility and impact of your research within the academic community.

Sending to multiple journals at one time? Consider this.

Simultaneous submission to multiple journals is generally discouraged because it can lead to ethical issues and conflicts. Most journals have policies against simultaneous submission to prevent duplicate publication and ensure fairness in the review process. Submitting to multiple journals at once can also waste resources and time for both authors and editors, as multiple journals may end up reviewing the same manuscript simultaneously. Therefore, it’s best to follow the guidelines of each journal and submit your manuscript to one journal at a time.

Final Thoughts

Journals serve as vital platforms for disseminating scholarly research and fostering intellectual discourse. For high school students, these journals to publish your research not only validate their research efforts but also offer a gateway to broader recognition within their respective fields. Beyond the intrinsic value of contributing to the body of knowledge, publishing in journals can enhance college admissions prospects by demonstrating initiative, intellectual curiosity, and a commitment to academic excellence.

Admissions committees often view published research as a testament to a student’s academic potential and readiness for higher education, setting applicants apart in a competitive admissions landscape. Through this exploration of journals tailored to high school researchers, you’ll discover opportunities to elevate your academic profile and make meaningful contributions to your chosen field of study.

Want to assess your chances of admission? Take our FREE chances calculator today!

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH SCHOOL RESEARCH 

Peer-reviewed by faculty and professionals and open source.

IJHSR has been published since 2019 and is the leading high school research journal. All manuscripts published by IJHSR are indexed internationally by EBSCO and Google Scholar , which makes it available to be searched by most libraries around the world. IJHSR selects the highest quality of high school student research work in all areas of science, including the behavioral and social sciences, technology, engineering, and math. IJHSR publishes both original research or literature review articles. Six issues are published each year. IJHSR has a rolling admission without a deadline and has an open access to public. A publication is a higher level of presentation and requires higher level of detail and work, therefore it is more  highly valued when compared to poster or oral presentations.

IJHSR is a publication of  Terra Science and Education,  a 501.c.3. nonprofit organization. 

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Terra STEM Scholars Program connects STEM scholars with students in their classrooms to increase STEM engagement in schools and help teachers to identify the experts in their region. Read More

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Get your high school research published in a peer review journal which is managed by Terra Science and Education. Year around submissions are accepted for quarterly issues. Read More

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GENIUS Olympiad is an international high school project competition about environmental issues.

ACASU is a rigorous accredidation program with 20 standards for international schools and universities.

International Research Collaborations is a global colloborative scientific research between schools.

• Volume 3 Issue 1  - March 2021
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Contact Dr. Richard Beal to set up a meeting to discuss the details of your needs.

Terra Science and Education created Terra STEM Scholars Program to connect STEM scholars with schools in their areas to increase STEM engagement in schools and help teachers to identify the experts in their region. Terra connects STEM experts to school classrooms.

The Terra STEM Scholars is made up of local college faculty, STEM practitioners, and graduate students who are ready to interact with school students and their teachers. Scholars can share their expertise through interactive lectures, classroom activities, field experiences, tours, or job shadowing. Extended mentoring opportunities can also be explored in select cases.

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Scholars can expect one volunteered presentation per year, and additional visits in a year will be paid up to $100. You may choose how many engagements you would like to do in a year. Terra will place you within 25 miles of your home or work address.

If you have further questions before committing, please email Dr. Rick Beal ( [email protected] ).

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Terra Traveling STEM Shows are presented by the Terra STEM Scholars which is made up of local college faculty, undergraduate and graduate students, teachers, and STEM practitioners who are ready to bring STEM to kids.

One week of programing costs approximately $7,000. Contact our program coordinator for more information or fill out this Interest Form.

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How to Write a Timeline Report

How to Write High School Research Papers

If you are overwhelmed by the amount of information you come across while doing research for a report, one way to organize your research materials and outline your paper at the same time is to learn how to write a timeline report. Once you've learned this skill, you will be able to put this method to use in all kinds of subject areas. For example, you can use the timeline method for writing biographical reports, book reports, and history reports--not just on world events, but science history, sports history or music history as well.

Choose an appropriate topic for a timeline report. For example, if your assignment is to write a book report, your title, depending on your topic, might become "How the Character of Clara changes in the novel 'The Subtle Warning.'" For a report on baseball, your title might be "The Development of the Major Leagues." For a biography, you might end up with a title like "Monroe Middlebury's Road to Diplomatic Service." You will need to start with a topic and a working title; be flexible and recognize when and if you need to change your title depending where your research leads you.

Find at least three resources on your subject. Read through these, highlighting if using the computer or attaching adhesive-backed notes if using print materials. Note the events you consider important to your subject and the dates on which they occurred. Be liberal with your notes; you will not use everything you've marked, but it's better to have more possibilities while you're reading than to have to go back and find additional ideas.

Write each of the events you highlighted or noted on an index card or on separate strips of paper if you type them up. Make sure the date of the event appears on each one. Line up the cards or paper strips in chronological order on a tabletop. The most vital part of the preparation for writing your paper comes next: number the events in the order of importance to the topic of your paper. For example, if you are writing about the development of major league baseball, ask yourself what event probably had the most impact on the game and label it "#1." The number of events you will use depends partly on the assigned length of your paper and partly on the amount of information you need to include.

Divide the cards or strips of paper into three to five sections and label each section. For example, if you are writing on the development of a character in a novel, you might label your sections as follows: "life before marriage," "life after marriage," and "life as a widow." At this point you might have to add a few more events to make sure you'll have enough material for each section.

Compose the body of your paper using your separate groups of cards or strips as the basis for each section of your paper. Begin each section with a sentence that sets the tone or gives an overview of what the section will be about. For example, you might begin a section with a sentence like, "It became obvious that Monroe Middlebury would be involved in some aspect of public service by the time he was in high school." Write the introduction after you have written the body of the paper so that you will have a span of years to mention. For example, "From 1908 to 1948, Margetta Kine wrote work for the theater that was performed all over the world."

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How to Write a Paraphrase

• "Guided Report Writing"; Marilyn Evans and Jill Norris; 2000

Peggy Epstein is a freelance writer specializing in education and parenting. She has authored two books, "Great Ideas for Grandkids" and "Family Writes," and published more than 100 articles for various print and online publications. Epstein is also a former public school teacher with 25 years' experience. She received a Master of Arts in curriculum and instruction from the University of Missouri.

High School Research

Advanced high school math students interested in research and mathematics can undertake research projects during the academic year as well as the summer. The two programs available to high school students are:

• RSI - Research Science Institute
• PRIMES - Program for Research In Mathematics, Engineering, and Science

Please visit each section for more information.

Steps to writing a research paper high school

You should ask your friends or family members to review your research paper and express their steps to writing a research paper high school about it. Judge the result of the work in conducting your research effectiveness and the research process efficiency. Be sure you know what citation format your edubirdie hiring is expecting. Read, hear, view, and touch. Do my coursework online. How on earth are you supposed to tackle this thing? Also, it automatically generates citations. Sometimes college students are assigned with their research paper topicsbut if you are fortunate enough to have such an option, choose your topic wisely. For example, Ethanol Effects on the Developing Zebrafish: Neurobehavior and Skeletal Morphogenesis 8 tells the reader key information about the content of the research paper. Make sure the message that you want to get across to the reader has been thoroughly stated. The conclusion should not simply restate your thesis, but should refer to it. However, regardless of whether an article is to be submitted for publication, peer review is an important step in this process. Especially since writing a research paper requires more effort than a regular paper might. Next, you need to provide the background information, explain your goals, and how you plan to approach your research paper topic. A research paper? In science, one does the same experiment by exactly repeating the experiment that has been described in the Methods section. Image Credits: featured.

Video Steps to writing a research paper high school

• DOI: 10.7176/jees/14-1-04
• Corpus ID: 267724691

Disaster Awareness and Preparedness of Senior High School and College Students: A Comparative Study

• Published in Journal of environment and… 1 January 2024
• Environmental Science, Education

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