what are the 5 parts of a cover letter

5 Parts Of A Cover Letter (AKA How To Write A Good One!)

Every resume should be accompanied by the five parts of a cover letter . In this article, I am going to demonstrate the mechanics of a well written cover letter. I hope this provides some knowledge about the parts of a cover letter, and enables you to generate interest from a hiring manager.

How do you structure a cover letter?

A great cover letter has five parts: the salutation, the opening, the hook, the paragraph of knowledge, and the close.

1. The Salutation (The Hello)

Before writing your cover letter, you should research the company you're applying to. This includes finding the name of the hiring manager who will be reading your resume and cover letter. Get a name, any name. By hook or by crook try to get a name. Sometimes you can't—then try Dear hiring manager .

2. The Opening (The Grab)

The opening paragraph of your cover letter is your introduction and presents the reader with some immediate and focused information about your connection to the company. Don't just reiterate what you say in your resume. Explain what you admire about the company you're applying to. Essentially, you need to tell a story about why you want to work for them. It should "grab" the hiring manager and disrupt them in some way (hence a disruptive cover letter ).

3. The Second Paragraph (The Hook)

This paragraph should define some examples of the work performed and the results achieved. It should be connected to your resume. This does not mean you should copy verbatim what is in the resume. Rather, cover some key competencies that you feel define your success. Provide the hiring manager with some added context about your unique background, blending those facts with language from the job description. Set the stage for how you are qualified for the role you are applying to. But, don't overdo it.

In the event you are highlighting some information not contained in the resume (if you are switching careers, or have a unique value proposition), this is the perfect place to cover that information.

4. The Third Paragraph (Paragraph Of Knowledge)

Next, demonstrate something you know about the company (its goals, recent achievements, etc.) that prompted you to write. Then, select a couple of examples from your resume that you believe will impress recruiters and hiring managers . Reword these achievements and frame them in a way that shows the employers what you can do for them. This shows the reader that you did some preliminary homework and understand the company's drivers and goals.

Try to include quantifiable examples wherever possible since numbers usually resonate more than words.

5. The Fourth Paragraph (The Close)

In the closing paragraph, quickly summarize what you offer, ask for the interview , and close by thanking the hiring manager for taking the time to read your cover letter.

It's important to help the reader connect the dots to show them why you are a great job candidate, a business-of-one who can provide a service they need with a personal connection to the company that is invaluable.

That's it!

What should not be included in a cover letter?

Your cover letter should not include:

• A boring opening line
• Long paragraphs
• A recap of your resume
• Irrelevant information
• A boring closing statement

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This article was originally published at an earlier date.

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11 Ways To Enjoy Summer When You’re Working A Full-Time Job

There you are: sitting on the beach, covered in sunscreen, reading your favorite book, drinking your favorite drink under the cool shade of an umbrella. Life doesn't get any better than this. Suddenly, a door slams, a phone rings, a printer turns on. You jolt back into consciousness. You're at work, sitting in your cubicle, without even a hint of sunshine streaming in from outside.

When you're working a full-time job, finding time to enjoy the warm, bright summer weather can be a challenge. This is especially true for young professionals , as many of them are used to having summers off (or, at the very least, having a flexible summer schedule). But there's no need to feel trapped behind your cubicle walls. Go out and enjoy summer!

Here are a few tips for making the most of your summer while working full time.

1. Grab Some Foldable Chairs

Keep a couple of foldable camping chairs at the office so you and a co-worker can catch some rays during lunch—whether it's in the park or the parking lot.

2. Keep A Beach Bag In Your Car​

Keep a bag full of summer supplies for your favorite summer activities . Having a bag (or, in my case, a backseat) full of towels, sunscreen, and swimwear keeps you prepared for anything. Friends hitting up the pool after work? You're covered. Once the clock strikes five, you can head to your destination of choice immediately.

3. Plan An Office Outing

Plan an office field trip to the beach, the park, or the pool. Just do something fun so your brain can recharge and refresh!

4. Organize Group Walks

Get a bunch of co-workers together and go on regular walks around town during lunch. (Or you could suggest a quick jaunt over to the ice cream shop.) This is a great way to get some fresh air, sunshine, and exercise.

5. Eat Lunch At The Park

When you find yourself eating out, hit up places with a deck, porch, or patio of some sort. Obviously, eating out every day isn't really a feasible option for most of us, so look into alternative ideas as well. Pack a lunch and hit the park for your own little picnic.

6. Organize Office Sports

Whether it's setting up an official office sports team or just hanging out with your colleagues a few times a week, playing sports is a great way to get out and enjoy the weather. Have a field nearby? Try setting up some slow-pitch softball games. Or see if you can get a basketball hoop for the office so you and a few co-workers can shoot some hoops at lunch.

7. Join A Professional Group

During the summer, professional networking groups often have fun events like harbor cruises, pub crawls, and outdoor mixers. Find a professional group in your area and make networking fun this summer.

8. Have An Office BBQ

Get your grill on! Talk to your boss about setting up an office BBQ. Ask everyone to contribute their favorite dish, side, or drink. Fire up the grill and relax! Hey, it's summer after all.

9. Wake Up Early

Yes, yes, I know...waking up early is an incredibly painful and unbearable experience for some of us, but waking up even an hour earlier has its benefits—especially in the summer. Go for a morning run, putter around in the garden, or watch the sunrise with a loved one. Talk about starting the day off right!

10. Strategically Use Your Time Off

Strategically use your vacation days around holidays. This way, you can make a potentially long weekend longer without having to use too much of your precious vacation time . Half days are also pretty awesome. It's amazing how much you can do with four extra hours! If you want an early weekend but don't want to burn up your vacation days too quickly, try taking a half day on a Friday instead of using a full day off.

11. Bike To Work

If you're one of the lucky few who live within walking or biking distance of work, take advantage of it! Not only will you get plenty of fresh air, but you'll also save money on gas, which is always a plus!

There are plenty of easy ways to enjoy summer when you work a full-time job. So this summer, try out a few of these ideas and make the most of the sunshine and warm weather—while they're still around!

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5 Key Parts of an Effective Cover Letter (with Examples)

By Status.net Editorial Team on December 25, 2023 — 11 minutes to read

• Crucial Sections of a Cover Letter Part 1
• Sample Cover Letter Part 2
• Cover Letter Template Part 3
• Cover Letter Example Part 4

A cover letter is your chance to make a great first impression on potential employers, so it’s essential to get it right. To help you out, let’s dive into the basics of writing an effective cover letter.

First, always tailor your cover letter to the specific job you’re applying for. Address the letter to the hiring manager by name, if possible. If you can’t find their name, use a professional salutation such as “Dear Hiring Manager.” This personal touch shows that you’ve done your research and are genuinely interested in the position.

In the opening paragraph, grab the reader’s attention by mentioning the job title you’re applying for and explaining how you heard about it. Briefly introduce yourself and express your enthusiasm for the opportunity. For example:

“I was excited to come across the Marketing Coordinator position at (…) Company on your website. As a creative and results-driven professional, I believe I would make a valuable addition to your team.”

Next, it’s time to sell yourself. Highlight your most relevant skills, experiences, and qualifications that make you the perfect fit for the job. Use concrete examples to demonstrate how you’ve used these skills to make a positive impact in your previous roles. For instance:

“During my time as a marketing assistant at (…) Agency, I successfully managed multiple social media accounts, resulting in a 35% increase in engagement and a 20% boost in overall followers.”

Don’t forget to mention any key accomplishments or unique attributes that set you apart from other candidates. This is your chance to showcase your strengths and make a lasting impression.

Towards the end of the letter, reiterate your interest in the position and express confidence in your ability to excel in the role. Thank them for considering your application and express your availability for an interview. Close the letter with a professional sign-off, such as “Sincerely” or “Best regards,” followed by your name and contact information. For example:

“Thank you for considering my application for the Marketing Coordinator role. I am confident that my skills and experiences make me a strong candidate for this position, and I would welcome the opportunity to discuss my qualifications further in an interview. Sincerely, [Your Name]”

Before sending your cover letter, proofread it carefully for spelling and grammatical errors. Use a simple, readable font and ensure the formatting is consistent throughout.

Part 1 Crucial Sections of a Cover Letter

1. salutation and opening.

Always begin your cover letter with a friendly salutation, addressing the person responsible for the hiring process. If you’re aware of their name, use it; otherwise, opt for a general greeting like “Dear Hiring Manager.”

Your opening paragraph should be brief and get straight to the point. Introduce yourself and mention the position you’re applying for, expressing interest and enthusiasm for the role.

For example:

Dear [Hiring Manager’s Name],

I’m excited to apply for the [Job Title] position at [Company Name].

2. Your Motivation

Explain why you’re drawn to this specific job and company. Highlight how the role aligns with your career goals and what aspects of the company culture or values appeal to you. Be genuine and show that you’ve done your homework.

I’ve always been impressed by your company’s dedication to innovation, and I believe this role offers the perfect opportunity to grow as a [Job Title].

3. Your Skills

Pick two or three key skills that you possess and emphasize how they relate to the role. Give specific examples of how you’ve demonstrated these skills in past experiences, showing your proven ability to succeed in this position.

With more than three years of experience in [previous role], I’ve honed my ability to [skill]. For instance, during my time at [previous company], I [example of how you utilized the skill].

4. Company Fit

Make a connection between your values and the company’s values to display compatibility. It’s important to come across as a good fit for their work culture and show that you’ll integrate seamlessly with their teams.

Your commitment to sustainability aligns perfectly with my own personal values, and I’m excited to contribute to your ongoing efforts in this space.

5. Closing Remarks and Signature

Finally, express gratitude for the recipient’s time and consideration. You can mention your availability for interviews and your eagerness to discuss further. End your cover letter with a professional and warm closing, such as “Best regards” or “Sincerely,” followed by your full name.

Thank you for considering my application. I’m eager to discuss my qualifications further and learn more about how I can contribute to the success of [Company Name].

Best regards,

[Your Full Name]

Part 2 Sample Cover Letter

Now that you have a better understanding of the key components of a cover letter, let’s dive into a sample cover letter to see how it all comes together.

Start with a professional greeting, addressing the hiring manager whenever possible. If you don’t know their name, you can use a general greeting like “Dear Hiring Manager.”

First Paragraph: Introduction

Introduce yourself and express your enthusiasm for the position you’re applying for. Mention the job title and where you found the posting. Keep your tone friendly and engaging throughout your cover letter.

Example: I was thrilled to find the opening for the Marketing Coordinator position on your company website. As a recent graduate in Marketing, I am eager to apply my skills and grow in your esteemed company.

Second Paragraph: Relevant Skills and Accomplishments

Showcase your skills and achievements that align with the job requirements. Use specific examples to demonstrate your expertise and how you can make a positive impact in the company. Try to tailor your examples to the job description, showing you’re the right fit for the position.

Example: In my previous role as a Marketing Intern, I successfully managed social media campaigns, increasing our brand’s online presence by 20%. My role also required me to create engaging content for our blog, contributing to a 15% increase in website traffic.

Third Paragraph: Show Understanding and Enthusiasm for the Company

Research the company and demonstrate your knowledge of its values, culture, and recent projects or achievements. Explain how you would contribute to the company’s mission and strategy. Your enthusiasm for the company will show the hiring manager that you’re a dedicated candidate.

Example: I admire your company’s commitment to sustainability and your recent launch of eco-friendly products. As a Marketing Coordinator, I would strive to promote these initiatives to further enhance your brand’s reputation.

Fourth Paragraph: Call to Action and Gratitude

End your cover letter with a polite call to action, expressing your interest in securing an interview. Thank the hiring manager for considering your application and emphasize your enthusiasm for the position.

Example: I would appreciate the opportunity to discuss my qualifications further in an interview. Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the possibility of contributing to your team.

[Your Name]

Remember to sign off professionally with “Sincerely” or another appropriate closing. Make sure to include your full name, and consider adding your contact information below your name, especially if you’re submitting your cover letter via email.

Part 3 Cover Letter Template

Dear [Recipient’s Name],

I am writing to express my interest in the [Job Title] position listed on [where you found the job posting] for [Company Name]. Having followed your company’s achievements in [relevant industry or field], I am inspired by your commitment to [something you admire about the company, such as innovation, community involvement, leadership in the industry, etc.].

In my previous role as [Your Previous Job Title] at [Your Previous Company], I had the opportunity to [mention a significant achievement or project that relates to the new job, e.g., “develop a new content strategy that increased engagement by X%”]. This experience honed my skills in [mention a key skill that is relevant to the job, such as project management, strategic planning, etc.] and taught me the importance of [mention another key aspect of your previous role that is relevant, such as teamwork, creativity, critical thinking, etc.].

One of the key requirements of the [Job Title] role is [mention a specific requirement from the job description, e.g., “proficiency in tracking and analyzing marketing metrics”]. In my role at [Your Previous Company], I [describe your experience or success with this requirement, e.g., “regularly analyzed campaign performance data to optimize our digital advertising efforts, resulting in a significant increase in ROI”].

I am eager to bring my [mention your key strengths or skills, such as strong analytical abilities, leadership skills, or communication talents] to the [Job Title] position at [Company Name]. I am particularly excited about [mention something specific about the job or company that excites you, such as the chance to work on certain types of projects, the company culture, etc.].

Thank you for considering my application. I am looking forward to the opportunity to further discuss how I can contribute to the continued success of [Company Name]. Please find my resume attached for more details on my qualifications.

[Attachment: Resume]

Part 4 Cover Letter Example

Dear Mr. Smith,

I’m writing to apply for the open marketing assistant position at (…) Company. I was excited to see this opening as I have been following your company’s work for some time now and admire your dedication to innovative marketing strategies.

In my previous role as a marketing intern at (…) Company, I collaborated with a team of designers and writers to create compelling social media campaigns that increased website traffic by 25% in just three months. I attribute this success to my strong communication skills and ability to work well in a team environment.

Your job description notes that you’re looking for someone experienced in tracking marketing metrics, which is something I excel at. While working at (…) Company, I analyzed data and created reports to help our team better understand the effect of our campaigns. As a result, we were able to make more informed decisions and improve overall marketing performance.

I’m confident that my skills and enthusiasm make me an excellent candidate for the marketing assistant position at (…) Company. Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to discuss how I can contribute to the success of your team.

Frequently Asked Questions

What makes a cover letter stand out with examples.

A cover letter stands out when it’s personalized, well-researched, and engaging. To achieve this, you can:

• Address the hiring manager by name, if possible.
• Mention the company’s recent achievements or projects.
• Include specific skills and experiences that relate to the job requirements.
• Show your enthusiasm for joining the team and explain why you’re a great fit.

Dear Mr. Johnson,

I was excited to see the marketing coordinator position available at (…) Company, especially after reading about your recent award-winning campaign. As someone with 3 years of experience in digital marketing and a strong background in creating organic content, I believe my expertise aligns well with the role’s requirements and that I can contribute significantly to your team’s ongoing success.

How can I tailor my cover letter for multiple jobs?

To tailor your cover letter for multiple jobs, focus on customizing certain sections to showcase your relevance to the specific job posting:

• Address the hiring manager specific to the company.
• Adjust the opening paragraph to mention the company and job title.
• Modify your skills and experiences to fit the job requirements.
• Conclude by expressing your interest in the particular company and role.

What to consider when addressing a cover letter to an unknown recipient?

If you cannot find the name of the recipient, try these strategies:

• Use a general greeting, such as “Dear Hiring Manager” or “To Whom It May Concern.”
• Research to identify the department head or team lead, and address them directly.
• Reach out to the company’s HR department or use LinkedIn to find a suitable contact.
• Learn more: How To Address a Cover Letter Without a Name (Exact Examples)

How can I create a general yet convincing cover letter?

A general, yet convincing, cover letter still focuses on your skills and experiences but highlights broad competencies applicable to various industries. Consider the following:

• Showcase transferable skills, such as leadership, communication, or problem-solving.
• Describe an accomplishment that demonstrates your ability to adapt and learn new skills.
• Make a connection between your goals and what the company or industry values.

How do I effectively address a cover letter to a large company?

When addressing a cover letter to a large company:

• Do your research to find the appropriate recipient or department.
• Use specific details about the company, such as its mission, values, or recent projects.
• Mention the job title and how you found it to show your interest in their organization.

What are some common keywords to include in a cover letter?

Including keywords from the job description in your cover letter helps demonstrate your suitability and gets the attention of both hiring managers and applicant tracking systems. Common keywords may include:

• Job-specific skills (e.g., project management, programming languages, or sales techniques)
• Soft skills (e.g., teamwork, communication, or adaptability)
• Industry terms (e.g., Agile, SEO, UX design)
• Company values or cultural fit (e.g., innovation, collaboration, or customer-centric)
• Resume vs. Cover Letter (Thoughtful Tips)
• 7 Parts of a Business Letter (Components with Examples)
• How to Send an Email Cover Letter (Examples)
• 6 Examples: How To Address a Cover Letter Without a Name
• 3 Administrative Assistant Cover Letter Examples (Guide)
• 3 Examples: How to Write an Effective Application Letter

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What To Include In A Cover Letter (With Examples)

• Cover Letter Format
• Salutation and Greeting
• Who To Address When Unknown
• How To Start A Cover Letter
• How To End A Cover Letter
• Best Cover Letter Font And Size
• Cover Letter Spacing
• Cover Letter Length
• Key Elements Of A Cover Letter
• How To Write An Address
• Official Letter Format
• Cover Letter Opening

Find a Job You Really Want In

Cover letters are the first introduction to you as a person and potential employee. While resumes cover your work experience and skills, the cover letter explains why you, specifically, should get the job. It’s where you can showcase your writing skills, why you want the position, and highlight your relevant skills and qualifications. If you’re looking to write up a cover letter for a job you’re applying to, or if you want to see if your letter checks all the boxes, then this article will help you out. While a hiring manager may not select you entirely because of your cover letter, giving it that extra bit of shine could push you into the top candidate slot. Key Takeaways Your cover letter should include: Your contact information and the date The employer’s contact information A greeting Body paragraphs A closing paragraph A sign-off You should customize your cover letter to every position you apply to. Focus on what you can add to the company in your cover letter. Work keywords from the job description into your cover letter. In This Article    Skip to section What to include in a cover letter Example cover letter Cover letter tips What not to put in a cover letter Final thoughts Cover letter FAQ References Sign Up For More Advice and Jobs Show More What to include in a cover letter

Cover letters, like every business communication, have a set of rules that you’re expected to follow. They should be short, confident, and include information relevant to the job. The format of a cover letter determines what goes where, meaning that you won’t have to spend long organizing your letter.

With that in mind, here’s everything you need to include in each part of your cover letter :

Your Contact Information and the Date

The very first key element your cover letter is going to be a header that includes your contact information. You’re going to list your name, your address, your phone number, and your email address. Feel free to include your LinkedIn contact information or a link to your online portfolio .

Make sure you create a professional email address if you don’t already have one. Something like [email protected]. It’s another way to make a good first impression on the hiring manager.

Lulu Paige 333 First Street Los Angeles, CA , 90001 (000) 111-2222 [email protected] January 1, 2023

Employer’s Contact Information

Even though most cover letters are submitted online nowadays, it’s still a rule of thumb to include the company’s contact information. Google the company to find their local address and list it beneath your own contact information.

If you can’t find out the company’s local address, don’t sweat it — but if you can find it, include it just for tradition’s sake.

Adam Smith Recruiter TopNotch Company 111 West Street Los Angeles, CA 90001

How you address your cover letter is more important than you might think. Try to avoid greetings like “ To Whom It May Concern ” or “ Dear Sir or Madam. ” While there’s nothing inherently wrong with either, they’re seen as out of date and impersonal.

Hiring managers value it if you show you’re willing to put in the extra effort to find out who to address the letter to. Put effort into finding out the name of the person who’s going to be reading your cover letter. Call the company’s front office or review their website to find their hiring manager’s name.

Acceptable addresses include:

Dear Chris Rogers, Dear Mr. Rogers, Dear Mr. Chris Rogers, Dear Hiring Manager, Dear Human Resources Manager,

While conventional wisdom states that using the person’s title (in this case “Mr.”) is preferable and more polite, be very careful about assuming someone’s gender. If their honorific is Dr., then it’s safe to include, but unless you know what the hiring manager’s preferred pronouns are, it’s best to just use their full name.

Body Paragraphs

The body of your cover letter is the most important part. It tells the employer what job you’re applying for, why they should bring you in for an interview , and how you’re going to follow up.

First paragraph. This is your cover letter introduction . It’s where you’re going to grab the employer’s attention and make them want to read the rest of your cover letter.

Let’s not waste any time in this paragraph — go ahead and tell them which position you’re applying for and how it relates to your background, and show them that you’re excited about the opportunity.

I am interested in applying for your Social Media Manager position that I saw advertised on Zippia .com. After contributing to the growth and success of my last employer’s presence on Facebook and Instagram, I am seeking new challenges with a company that is looking for someone with exceptional leadership and management abilities.

Second paragraph. This is where you’re going to tell the hiring manager what you have to offer. Use this paragraph to list your qualifications, give examples from your work experience , and quantify any of your achieved results.

I know my proven leadership skills, strong commitment to growing a social media base, and flexibility with regard to assignments would allow me to make a significant contribution to TopNotch Company. I welcome the opportunity to discuss how my qualifications could benefit your company’s continued success.

Pro tip: Go into more depth on your relevant qualifications, but make sure not to copy your resume word for word. Use your cover letter to highlight the most important reasons why you’re the ideal candidate.

Third paragraph. Discuss what you know (and like) about the company. This is your chance to impress the employers even further by showing them that you care enough to do some background research on the company , and how you can contribute to their mission.

TopNotch’s commitment to a sustainable future aligns with and inspires my own values of environmental consciousness and stewardship. Even as a digital marketer , I found ways to reduce my office’s carbon emissions by 11%, and I’d be thrilled to work for a company that values and prioritizes such changes.

Feel free to mention any current events, information about the company’s history, their core values, or their mission statement.

Closing Line

The final paragraph is where you’re going to close your cover letter . Summarize what you could bring to the position and request an interview or a phone call.

I’d like to thank you again for taking the time to review my application and resume, and I welcome the opportunity to discuss my qualifications with you in detail.

Picking an appropriate and successful sign-off is trickier than you might think. A cover letter is a professional document, so you have to be strategic with everything you write.

With that in mind, here are some sign-offs to choose from that hiring managers respond well to:

Best regards

Respectfully

Thanks in advance

And here are some sign-offs you should avoid at all costs:

Best wishes

Affectionately

Sent from my iPhone

You get the idea. Pick an appropriate sign-off, sign your name, and then you’ve got yourself a cover letter!

Example cover letter

Lulu Paige 333 First Street Los Angeles, CA, 90001 (000) 111-2222 [email protected] January 1, 2020 Adam Smith Recruiter TopNotch Company 111 West Street Los Angeles, CA 90001 Dear Mr. Smith, I am interested in applying for your Social Media Manager position that I saw advertised on Zippia.com. After contributing to the growth and success of my last employer’s presence on Facebook and Instagram, I am seeking new challenges with a company that is looking for someone with exceptional leadership and management abilities. As you will see in my enclosed resume, while serving as a Social Media Intern, I was tasked with onboarding new employees and managing their publishing schedules as well as coming up with content for my own calendar. My ability to juggle these different tasks reinforced my desire to advance in my career and step into a management role. I know my proven leadership skills, strong commitment to growing a social media base, and flexibility with regard to assignments would allow me to make a significant contribution to TopNotch Company. I welcome the opportunity to discuss how my qualifications could benefit your company’s continued success. I’d like to thank you again for taking the time to review my application and resume, and I welcome the opportunity to discuss my qualifications with you in detail. Sincerely, Lulu Paige

Cover letter tips

Knowing all the parts of a cover letter is essential, but that’s not the only trick to writing an excellent cover letter. Putting in a bit of extra effort will make your cover letter stand out from the rest, and will therefore make you more likely to get an interview.

Customize each cover letter. When you’re sending out applications to multiple companies, it’s essential to tailor each cover letter and resume for the job. Your resume customization may just take a few strategic keyword changes and emphasizing different parts of your experience.

Your cover letter customization, however, should be much more thorough. Hiring managers and recruiters can spot a generic cover letter a mile away, so be sure to talk specifically about why you’re interested in the company and what particular value you’d have for the company.

Find the hiring manager. In the spirit of customization, try your best to find the hiring manager or recipient’s name. Review the job posting for contact info, research the company’s website, and look on LinkedIn if you’re stuck. Or just call the company’s HR department and ask.

If you’re still stuck, “Dear Hiring Manager” or one of its alternatives will work.

Don’t copy your resume. Instead of repeating every point from your resume, pick one or two bullet points to really emphasize. Think about what accomplishments you can quantify since those are the most compelling evidence of your past success.

Also, your cover letter should answer the “how” and “why” of your career, so discuss how you achieved those awesome results and why you enjoy doing things your way.

Always focus on the company. A cover letter is your chance to sell yourself, but that mostly means highlighting how the company will benefit from your skills , methodologies, and contributions.

Steal keywords from the job description. Highlight keywords from the job description like skills, qualifications, and attributes, and then incorporate some of those words throughout your resume and cover letter. That way, it’s super easy for a recruiter or hiring manager to see how your experience matches up with the job requirements.

Match the company culture. Spend some time researching the company on their website and scouting employees on LinkedIn. If you can match the tone of the company’s written communications, you’ll be in good shape for presenting as a solid cultural fit.

Let your personality shine. Resumes are boring, but cover letters are your chance to showcase who you are as a person as well as a professional. Don’t go overly formal (unless you’re applying to a conservative firm).

Hiring managers want to know what kind of person you’re like to work with, and while the interview will inform them more fully, your cover letter is meant to whet the reader’s appetite so they want to call you in for an interview in the first place.

Open and finish strong. Cover letters are generally skimmed, so you really want to make your opening and closing lines count. Open with an attention grabber and finish with a strong call-to-action and reminder of your awesomeness and enthusiasm.

Keep it short . Cover letters should never be more than 400 words, but we recommend aiming for a 200-300 word count. As we said, recruiters usually skim these things, so make it easy for them.

Review and edit. Never send a cover letter without a proofread, a spellcheck program, and, if possible, a trusted confidant to read it over. Another pair of eyes might catch things you didn’t notice re-reading it over and over again.

Email cover letters. If you’re emailing your cover letter directly (as opposed to attaching it or mailing it physically), be sure to include a descriptive subject line.

Often, employers will tell you how to label your email in the job posting, so follow any directions there. If not, a subject line that includes your name and the position you’re applying for is a safe bet.

For an email cover letter, don’t include contact information at the start. Instead, put your contact information after your signature (you can skip your physical address) and leave out the company’s contact information entirely.

What not to put in a cover letter

Knowing what to avoid putting in your cover letter can be just as helpful as knowing what to put in it. Here are a few items you should leave out:

Lies (even little white ones or stretched truths).

Anything about salary.

Negativity about your current job.

Information about your personal life.

Long-winded paragraphs.

Unneccessary or irrelevant information.

Grammatical errors.

Misspelled words (including names).

Unprofessional email addresses or file names.

Polarizing or controversial hobbies or opinions.

Final thoughts

Cover letters are one of your most valuable tools when it comes to applying for jobs. They let you go into detail about your qualifications, demonstrate your communication skills , and show that you’re interested in a specific company.

When you write your cover letter, make sure to include your professional contact information, go into detail about your relevant skills, and show that you’re motivated to help the company achieve its goals. Show the hiring manager why you’re the best person for the position, and you’re on your way to getting the job of your dreams .

Cover letter FAQ

Do you need a cover letter?

Whether or not you need a cover letter will depend on the application’s requirements, but they’re highly recommended. Unless the instructions explicitly state not to send in a cover letter, it’s recommended to include one.

Cover letters allow you to focus on skills relevant to the job that may not fit into your resume. It also lets you show that you’ve looked into the company by mentioning something about its culture, knowing the hiring manager’s name, or mentioning key skills.

What should you include in a cover letter?

A cover letter should include:

Your contact information. Include your name, address, phone number, and email address.

Company’s contact information. This should include the name of the company, their phone number, email address, and physical address if you can find it.

Salutation. Do your best to address this directly to the hiring manager that will be reviewing your application.

Introduction. This is the part where you say who you are and why you’re applying.

Body. This should be one to two paragraphs that cover your relevant skills, why you think you’d be a good fit for the job, and show your interest.

Closing line. Make sure to thank the hiring manager for their time. It’s also recommended to include a call to action, such as saying “I look forward to hearing from you.”

Sign off. Make sure to end with a professional closing, such as “Sincerely,” and then your full name.

How do you format a cover letter?


Cover letters should be formatted in standard business format. That means that it should use a 10 or 12-point legible font, such as Times New Roman, have double spacing between paragraphs, and be no longer than a page .

Harvard Business Review — How to Write a Cover Letter

National Careers Service — How to Write a Cover Letter

University of Wisconsin-Madison — Writing Cover Letters

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Maddie Lloyd was a writer for the Zippia Advice blog focused on researching tips for interview, resume, and cover letter preparation. She's currently a graduate student at North Carolina State University's department of English concentrating in Film and Media Studies.

Matt Warzel a President of a resume writing firm (MJW Careers, LLC) with 15+ years of recruitment, outplacement, career coaching and resume writing experience. Matt is also a Certified Professional Resume Writer (CPRW) and Certified Internet Recruiter (CIR) with a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (Marketing Focus) from John Carroll University.

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How To Include Salary Requirements In A Cover Letter (With Examples)

How To Write A Cover Letter For An Internal Position Or Promotion (with Examples)

Tips For Sending Email Cover Letters

How To Write A Cover Letter For A Government Job (With Examples)

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25 Sep 5 Components of a Cover Letter (with a Cover Letter Example)

What you'll learn

Cover Letter Example of the Essential Components of a Cover Letter

I took a songwriting class once.

I had visions of being a Grammy-winning lyricist, even if I did not have the requisite talent.

The only thing holding me back, in my mind, was that I didn’t know anything about songwriting. So, I did what any good student would do. I took a class.

I signed up for a weekly songwriting class at UCLA (through their Extension program, not a credited course at the university).

Early on the instructor went through all the components of a song. A song needs to open with this, then transition to that, have a hook, include a chorus, be sure it has x, more of y, and don’t include z.

Wait! What?! How was I supposed to remember all this while I was writing profound and memorable lyrics that were going to move people and get my song stuck in their head incessantly like a CD stuck on repeat??

My head was spinning.

“Just show me the template for a good song and let me run with it!”, I thought.

Finally, the instructor did give us templates and samples for a well-written song. I could now look at the song template and write my own lyrics following a similar pattern.

And then, writing the lyrics for a song became (relatively) easy!

I wrote the lyrics, my partners wrote the music, we recorded it, and viola, I was a songwriter.

So, I know the importance of a good template.

I’m going to share with you the components of a cover letter, but more importantly, I’ve also got a cover letter template for you to use.

But first, including a cover letter when you submit your resume is a required, not optional, aspect of applying for a job. If you are still on the fence about whether to include a cover letter, please read:

• Why You Need a Cover Letter, Even if You Are Told You Don’t
• How Important is a Cover Letter?
• How to Write a Cover Letter That Grabs Attention
• How to Send a Cover Letter

5 Components of a Cover Letter

There are several key components that should be included in every cover letter:

1. Compelling Opening that Grabs Attention

Assume the hiring manager or recruiter reading your cover letter has over a hundred, maybe even several hundred to get through. That’s not an unrealistic assumption. So, make sure your opening grabs their attention and wakes them up from the monotony of reviewing resumes.

Don’t simply state the position you are applying, why you are excited about the role, or worse, a generic opening that doesn’t provide any real information.

Focus on what you can deliver the company, not what’s in it for you. In your cover letter opening, state your relevant experience or what you are known for and why it makes you a perfect fit for the position and will exceed expectations. If you were referred by a professional colleague, share that and why the person recommended you apply for the position. A referral is a great way to let others brag about you!

Be sure to include descriptive words and set the tone that you are not a typical candidate with a standard approach. You are unique, uniquely qualified, and will deliver results!

For more, read 5 Creative Cover Letter Openings & Examples

2. Keywords from the Job Description

In paragraph two, if you haven’t already, start to include a few the of keywords or key phrases from the job description.

This is important if the company is using an applicant tracking system or other form of keyword searching to determine if you are qualified. It’s likely they are, and you won’t know for sure, so assume they are and include keywords from the job description throughout your cover letter and resume.

Select the keywords or phrases that appear to be the highest priority for the role and those you have the most relevant experience in. You don’t want to “keyword stuff” your cover letter by using the same keyword so many times it doesn’t read authentically. But you do want to use the main keywords more than once in your cover letter.

3. Results and Achievements

A lot of candidates will tell , in both cover letter and resume, about the experience they have that will enable them to succeed in the role. Stand out from other candidates by showing how you will deliver results.

Using your keywords from the job description, include your results and achievements that support them. Let the accomplishments in current and past positions validate how you add value. The reader will immediately see you have proven results that will enable you to succeed in the new role.

One way of doing this is to include bullet points of the most important required skills or responsibilities of the position. Then, include a few words on your work experience related to them, but most importantly the results of your activities.

Your achievements should be quantifiable and include the metrics of how they were measured (numbers, percentages, dollars) so the reader will understand the value you added at your previous companies and how it will be applicable to the new role.

4. Soft Skills

Once you’ve included your hard skills in the body of your cover letter (with corresponding success metrics) you can focus on your soft skills.

Soft skills are the personal attributes, personality traits, and communication skills required to perform the role. Soft skills characterize how you engage and interact with others.

The soft skills you include in your cover letter should be ones listed in the job description, assuming you have those skills, of course. Here is your opportunity to let some of your personality shine and share what is unique about you that will enable you to perform this position better than anyone else.

Better than simply listing your soft skills, share a story of how you’ve used them effectively in a specific situation or quote what people say about your soft skills. Paint a picture of your soft skills in action so the reader will trust there is truthfulness in your statements and not just a list of desired skills they are looking for. Plus, it gives further insight into your personality and ability to nail the job!

5. Proactive Close

Now it’s time for the big finale! Writing an effective, interesting, and memorable close can be challenging, but don’t lose focus or get lazy now! You are so close to completing your great cover letter!

Your cover letter close should be professional, confident, and customized to the role and company. The close is your opportunity to show you are a go-getter who is excited about pursuing the opportunity and have the desired experience to excel in the role.

You don’t want it to be passive and sound like you are sitting back waiting to hear from them. Instead, be direct in your enthusiasm for the role and desire to follow up or take the next steps in the hiring process.

If you have the contact information to directly follow up with a person, then say so, and do it (do not say you will if you have no plans or capability to follow up with them)! If you do not have the information to reach out directly to follow up on your application, then include a proactive statement that assumes you will be talking to them about the role, but don’t be cocky. I always like, “I look forward to further exploring how I can increase [key responsibility of position] for [Company Name].”

Cover Letter Template

Now, on to that cover letter template I promised you! If you take all the cover letter components I just outlined and put them all together, you get a cover letter that looks something like this:

My specialty is driving marketing programs that grow B2B tech companies. I have driven advertising and lead generation activities for startup SaaS companies, where I created big results with limited resources. I am excited about the prospect of generating big results for [Company Name] as the [Position Title].

Throughout my career, I have managed complex marketing initiatives and achieved exceptional, rather than expected, results. For example, I developed a digital media campaign that increased leads 22% within three months and directed social media programs that boosted engagement 125% in six months.  Other aspects of my background that will enable me to successfully lead [Company Name]’s marketing initiatives:

• Drive Digital Marketing : Strategize and manage digital marketing programs including SEM, SEO, social media, landing pages, retargeting, and content marketing. In one-year, increased SEM leads 150% while decreasing CPL by 26%.
• Generate Leads : Launch and manage multiple lead generating campaigns incorporating Google Ads, retargeting, email, Facebook ads, webinars, ebooks, infographics and native advertising. Enhanced email marketing leads by 33%, boosted digital media leads by 45%, and exceeded budget for annual leads by 18%.
• Create Engagement: Write marcom, press releases, video scripts, emails, and corporate communications. Wrote a direct marketing piece that sold out all product (7,000 units/$1.5 million revenue) within one week and delayed launch until more was available.
• Analyze Results: Evaluate programs and measure ROI and KPIs; A/B test landing pages; review performance analytics; and manage market research. Identified customer onboarding issues that resulted in over $5 million in additional revenue.

I establish and build a company’s brand, formulate the marketing strategy, and execute tactical plans. I am hands-on in execution, wear multiple hats, and deliver results without large support teams or resources. I am known for getting things done in fast-paced startup environments. One of my greatest strengths is the ability to build and manage teams within and outside the company.

The [Position Title] at [Company Name] is in direct alignment with my experience, skills, and strengths. I look forward to exploring the opportunity to lead and grow the company’s marketing initiatives to unparalleled success.

Warm regards,

[Email address]

[Phone number]

Download This Cover Letter Example

My songwriting career.

As for my songwriting, there is no Grammy on the mantle (yet). In fact, so far, that one song is the only one I’ve written. But I’ve got a lot of songs half-written just waiting to be finished one day. And you can bet when that time comes, I’ll be pulling out templates for a hit song and using them!

Grab a copy of my Cover Letter eBook for free and you’ll get all this information and more to write an effective cover letter to help you get noticed and get interviews.

What Should You Include in Your Cover Letter? [w/ Tips for 2024]

You’ve spent weeks job hunting, and you’ve found the perfect job.

Your resume is all set, and you’re almost ready to send your application.

There’s just one thing left—you’re writing a cover letter to create a flawless job application.

The only issue? You're not sure what exactly to include in your cover letter.

There’s no need to worry! We’re here to help

In this article, we’re going to cover:

• What Is a Cover Letter
• What Elements Should Your Cover Letter Include
• What You Shouldn’t Include in Your Cover Letter

Let’s get started.

What is a Cover Letter?

A cover letter is a document that you send as part of your job application, along with your resume or CV .

The cover letter’s purpose is to introduce you and briefly summarize why your professional background makes you the right person for the job.

On average, a cover letter should be between 250 and 400 words long and fit neatly on one page.

A cover letter is one of your first forms of communication with a hiring manager. It’s your opportunity to present yourself in your own words, stand out from other candidates, and get the hiring manager interested in learning more about you.

Let’s take a look at an example of what a cover letter looks like:

Why Do Cover Letters Matter?

After you’ve spent so long making the perfect resume , you might be wondering why you should even write a cover letter.

The truth is that while not all employers request a cover letter, you should always include one with your job application.

Adding a cover letter to your job application shows the hiring manager you’re willing to go the extra mile for the job, and you’re not just randomly applying and hoping your application sticks.

A cover letter is your opportunity to give the hiring manager more information about you as a candidate. This is your chance to personalize your application and provide additional information on your skills and experiences that align with what the employer is looking for and that you didn’t have space on your resume for.

But your cover letter is also your chance to go beyond your most important skills and experience. You can use it to talk about your passion for the industry or your enthusiasm to join this specific company’s team and show the hiring manager that you’re serious about the role.

If your cover letter is good, it can complement your resume and get you that much closer to an interview.

A badly written cover letter, on the other hand, could undermine even the best resume and lead to your application getting tossed in the ‘no’ pile, so it’s crucial to get this document right.

Need help preparing for an interview? Check out our guide to the most common interview questions and how to answer them!

What Elements Should You Include in a Cover Letter?

There are a few key elements you need to include to write a successful cover letter .

Let’s take a look at them one by one:

#1. A Professional Template

Your cover letter should be easy on the eyes and even easier to navigate.

This means you have to set the right page margins, adjust the line spacing, choose an appropriate font , and set it to the correct size, all while making sure your text never spills onto page two.

But what if there’s an easier way? 

Just use one of our cover letter templates instead.

Our free resume builder comes with built-in resume templates that you can match with a cover letter template for a stylish application.

You can automatically set your font style, size, and even the dimensions of the paper you intend to print it on - standard A4 or US letter format.

#2. Neatly-Split Paragraphs

A cover letter should be easy to navigate at a glance.

If your cover letter is a huge chunk of text that fully covers the entire page, without paragraphs or ample white space, it’s going to look cramped and leave a bad impression on the hiring manager.

This is where your cover letter’s formatting comes in. You should divide the contents of your cover letter into a header with contact information, and then split the actual text into an opening paragraph, a main body, a conclusion, and a formal closing line.

Be sure to also use line breaks and bullet points to break up your paragraphs to increase your cover letter’s readability.

This can make it seem less of an overwhelming read to the hiring manager and easier for them to skim through it all to find what they’re looking for.

#3. The Date of Writing

The exact date you write your cover letter may seem like a small detail, but it can actually add an extra touch of professionalism to your job application.

This can help the hiring manager keep track of when you’ve applied for the role, and it reflects your attention to detail .

Just keep in mind that the format of the date should align with the standard in the country where you're applying. For example, in the US , the mm-dd-yyyy format (e.g., May 22, 2024 ) is the go-to, whereas most other countries prefer the dd-mm-yyyy format (e.g., 22 January 2024 ).

#4. Your Interest in the Company

It’s important to tailor your cover letter for the specific job you’re applying for to show the hiring manager that you’re a serious candidate who’s done their homework about the position.

This is why the body of your letter should always include a paragraph where you clearly explain why you’re interested in the specific company.

Start by doing some research on the employer . You have to show the hiring manager that you understand what makes the company unique and how you align with their values and needs.

Think about what you genuinely like about the company you’re applying for. Whether it’s their remote working conditions, their focus on diversity or sustainability, or something else entirely, be sure to mention it in your cover letter.

If you’ve used a product or service that the company provides, say so in your cover letter. On top of that, highlight what specific aspects of the company resonate with your career goals , such as their innovative methods or cutting-edge market strategy, that you want to be a part of.

You can also take the time to explain why you’re excited about the job itself. Talk about how your unique experience and skills make you a suitable candidate and how you’re confident you can contribute to the company’s goals.

Looking to write a cover letter for an internship ? Check out our detailed guide!

#5. A Call to Action

Every cover letter should end with a strategic call to action.

Your call to action can be a polite statement prompting the hiring manager to get in touch with you to go over your application or to discuss how you could contribute to their team.

Adding a call to action at the end of your cover letter shows that you’re proactive and eager to move forward with the hiring process. This highlights your enthusiasm for the role and makes it more likely for the hiring manager to get in touch with you after putting down your cover letter.

Here’s an example of a call to action at the end of a cover letter :

I am very enthusiastic about the opportunity to discuss how my artwork can contribute to Happy Hippo Book Publisher’s track record as the best children’s storybook provider on the market. Please feel free to contact me at the provided phone number so that we can discuss my application further.

Want to give your cover letter an extra kick? Use these tried and tested cover letter tips !

What Sections Should You Include in a Cover Letter?

When writing your cover letter, you can easily split the process into several key sections.

Let’s break them down:

• Header with contact details. The top of your cover letter should include a designated header where you can input your contact information, such as your full name, email address, phone number, address, and links to any relevant social media. Make sure these details match your resume and double-check for any typos.
• Company details. Do your research so you know exactly who to address your cover letter to. Add the hiring manager’s name, department, the company’s name, and the company’s address.
• Personalized greeting. Skip the cliche and impersonal “To Whom It May Concern” and use a more memorable greeting instead. We recommend using “Ms.” or “Mr.” followed by the hiring manager’s last name.
• Opening paragraph. Your cover letter should start with a brief and attention-grabbing paragraph . This should include a couple of your top skills, an impressive achievement, or a relevant qualification.
• Main body. Take the time to explain some of your top achievements or skills in more detail, and cover anything you didn’t have the space to address in your resume.
• Conclusion. Recap the main points in your cover letter so far, then wrap it up with a polite call to action.
• Closing line. Choose an appropriate closing line to finish your cover letter with and sign your name underneath.

What Should You Never Include in a Cover Letter?

A cover letter allows you to personalize your application and provide more details about you to the hiring manager.

But that doesn’t mean everything should make the cut.

Let’s look at what you should never include in your cover letter:

#1. Irrelevant information

Your cover letter should be concise and focus on the most relevant details that make you the right candidate for the job.

Hiring managers don’t have all day to spend on your application, and when they’re reading your cover letter, they want to get to the point quickly. If your cover letter includes too many personal anecdotes or irrelevant experiences, like how you worked as a dog walker at 15, they might get bored and stop reading it altogether.

A cover letter is, first and foremost, a professional document, not a personal essay. This means that focusing too much on yourself, as well as your wants, needs, and opinions, is not a good idea.

Your cover letter should focus on what you can do for the employer, not what they can do for you. If you miss the mark here, you’ll come off as an inattentive candidate and won’t be getting an interview.

#2. Overly Long Paragraphs

A dense, difficult-to-read text can discourage a hiring manager from going through your cover letter.

For example, if the body of your cover letter is contained in a single, thick paragraph, the hiring manager might skim over it and miss your main points.

Long paragraphs can also make your cover letter look poorly organized and make you come across as someone with bad written communication skills . Your essential qualifications and skills can get lost in that sea of words and hide the most important information you want to convey.

Overly long paragraphs also imply a lack of consideration for the hiring manager’s time. Keeping your text concise and easy to follow is just as important as the content itself. Otherwise, your cover letter might not catch the hiring manager’s attention at all.

#3. Salary Expectations

Unless the employer specifically asks you to, it’s considered taboo to include salary expectations in your cover letter, and it can even leave a bad impression on the hiring manager.

Talking about money in your cover letter can make it seem like your primary interest in the job is the paycheck. And, while there’s nothing wrong with wanting a specific salary, this can seriously undermine what you want to convey to the hiring manager about your enthusiasm for joining the company and your professionalism.

You should also keep in mind that talking about salary expectations so early on can even put you at a disadvantage in potential salary negotiations . If you mention a high number too early on, the hiring manager might reject your application before you even make it past the initial screening. But if you go too low, you could undervalue yourself.

This is why it’s recommended that you discuss salary expectations during an interview once you already understand the full scope of the role and have more context.

Are you just getting started on the job market? Check out our guide to writing an entry-level cover letter !

#4. Excessive Flattery

Writing a cover letter doesn’t mean writing a love letter to the company you’re applying for.

You don’t need to shower the employer with compliments to get the hiring manager to like you. In fact, if you use too many compliments or describe the company in the exact words they use on its website, you’re going to be severely disappointed.

For example, most companies you apply to may describe themselves as “innovative” or “ team-focused .” If that’s all you can say about them in your cover letter, it tells the hiring manager that you never researched the employer or paid much attention to what they do.

If you genuinely hold the company’s values, mission, or culture close to your heart, there’s no harm in mentioning how they inspire you. Just remember to keep it professional and related to how you can enthusiastically contribute to their work.

#5. False Information

This should go without saying but lying on your cover letter is just as bad as lying on your resume – very bad.

We get it; you want to impress the hiring manager. But exaggerating or falsifying information to make yourself look like the coolest candidate ever can easily backfire.

On one hand, the hiring manager is probably going to catch onto you while reading your cover letter. They’re going to notice the inconsistencies you didn’t pay attention to, and they simply won’t call you.

But it could be even worse. You could land an interview, only to have the hiring manager discover the truth face to face. Your professional reputation could suffer some serious damage, beyond just an awkward interaction during the interview.

Trust us – lying isn’t worth it. You’re capable of writing a standout cover letter without exaggerating anything you can’t back up.

#6. Grammatical Mistakes

You should always proofread your cover letter before submitting it with your job application.

Even when you’re absolutely sure there are no mistakes, sometimes you might miss something that the hiring manager will notice immediately.

This is why we always recommend you do several rounds of proofreading and editing before finalizing your job application.

Start by carefully reading your cover letter out loud. It might sound a little weird, but it helps you notice any awkward phrases or words that are out of place.

Then, run it through a spell-checking tool like QuillBot or Grammarly . They can help you spot any errors you might have missed.

Finally, ask a friend or family member for help. A fresh pair of eyes can read your cover letter and notice mistakes that both you and your robot sidekick might have skipped over.

#7. Complaints About Employers

As a general rule, you should never badmouth your previous place of employment.

If you were unjustly fired or passed over for a promotion for personal reasons, these are best explained during an interview.

It’s important to always maintain professionalism when your past employer or coworkers are brought up, especially in your cover letter.

For example, instead of saying you had enough of a chaotic work environment, you could say you’re “looking forward to joining a team that values structure and accountability.”

Check out these more common cover letter mistakes and keep an eye out while writing your cover letter!

29 Cover Letter Examples

Looking for inspiration? Check out these perfect cover letter examples for different professions.

#1. Customer Service Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a customer service cover letter here.

#2. Marketing Executive Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a marketing executive cover letter here.

#3. Medical Assistant Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a medical assistant cover letter here.

#4. Consultant Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a consultant cover letter here.

#5. College Student Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a college student cover letter here.

#6. Retail Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a retail cover letter here.

#7. Team Leader Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a team leader cover letter here.

#8. Actor Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing an actor cover letter here.

#9. Digital Marketing Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a digital marketing cover letter here.

#10. Executive Assistant Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing an executive assistant cover letter here.

#11. Finance Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a finance cover letter here.

#12. Graphic Designer Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a graphic designer cover letter here.

#13. IT Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing an IT cover letter here.

#14. Project Manager Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a project manager cover letter here.

#15. Sales Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a sales cover letter here.

#16. Accounting Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing an accounting cover letter here.

#17. Business Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a business cover letter here.

#18. Dental Assistant Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a dental assistant cover letter here.

#19. Human Resources Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a human resources cover letter here.

#20. Nurse Practitioner Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a nurse practitioner cover letter here.

#21. Receptionist Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a receptionist cover letter here.

#22. Architect Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing an architect cover letter here.

#23. Management Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a management cover letter here.

#24. Physician Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a physician cover letter here.

#25. Substitute Teacher Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a substitute teacher cover letter here.

#26. Software Engineer Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a software engineer cover letter here.

#27. Administrative Assistant Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing an administrative assistant cover letter here.

#28. Mechanical Engineering Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a mechanical engineering cover letter here.

#29. Attorney Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing an attorney cover letter here.

FAQs About What to Include in a Cover Letter

Do you still have some questions about what to include in a cover letter? Check out the answers to some of the most frequently asked questions on the topic!

#1. What is a good example of a cover letter?

There are plenty of great cover letter examples for different professions that you can look at.

Overall, a cover letter that’s well done starts with your contact information in a designated header at the top. Next, you have to add the hiring manager’s contact details and include a personalized greeting.

Write a strong opening paragraph that references the job you're applying for and includes a standout achievement or relevant experience that makes you a strong candidate.

Use the body of your cover letter to expand on your key skills and experiences that match what the employer is looking for. Give specific examples to illustrate your greatest accomplishments and how you gained your most impressive skills.

Wrap up your cover letter by recapping your key selling points and including a call to action that invites the hiring manager to reach out to you. Lastly, add a professional closing line and sign your name underneath.

#2. How do you start a cover letter?

The opening to your cover letter should be brief and attention-grabbing.

Your first few sentences should be something that makes the hiring manager want to learn more about you. You don’t want to give them too many details—just enough to pique their interest.

Explain why you’re writing and why you’re interested in the specific role. We recommend including keywords from the job ad , especially ones that match your most relevant skills, experiences, or impressive achievements.

#3. How do you write a unique cover letter?

Your cover letter is your chance to give the hiring manager a unique insight into you as a candidate. It’s your opportunity to stand out from the crowd using your own words.

The best way to write a unique cover letter is to start by researching the company and referencing anything you find attention-grabbing about it. You should be able to easily identify what you like about the specific employer, such as their contributions to the industry, their values, and reputation, and mention it in your cover letter.

Use a polite but conversational tone to convey both your professionalism and personality. Instead of using passive language to explain that you “managed” this or were “responsible for” that, take advantage of action verbs and power words to make your experiences stand out.

Avoid using generic phrases like how you’re a “team player” or have “ leadership skills ” alone, and instead provide concrete examples that back up the skills and experience that make you the right candidate for the job.

#4. Should a cover letter be fancy?

Since a cover letter is a formal document, you might be tempted to make it fancy.

There’s no need to go over the top with your cover letter. Adding too much decoration or creative flair can detract from the information you want to convey to the hiring manager.

Your focus should always be on writing a clear, concise, and well-organized text that gets your point across.

More traditional industries, like law or finance, should stick to minimalistic cover letter templates with a clean and simple layout.

For professionals aiming for creative industries like illustration or graphic design, a bit of color can make your application pop. Even then, it’s important to strike a balance between creativity and professionalism, so your cover letter’s text remains the hiring manager’s primary focus.

Key Takeaways

And that’s all there is to what you should include in your cover letter!

Hopefully, after reaching the end of our article, you feel confident that your cover letter covers all the necessary bases. Good luck on your job hunt!

But before we say goodbye, let’s briefly recap what we've covered so far:

• Your cover letter should be concise and avoid any irrelevant information. The hiring manager is interested in what you can do for the company, not in any personal information that doesn’t relate to the job.
• Overly long paragraphs and a messy layout can leave a bad impression. Instead of trying to format everything yourself, use an online cover letter builder.
• Our online resume builder offers resume templates and matching cover letter templates that you can use to create a stylish and professional job application in minutes.
• Dedicate a portion of your cover letter’s main body to express your genuine interest in the company and the specific role. Do some research beforehand so you can identify several things you genuinely like about the company and position you’re applying for.
• End your cover letter with a strategic call to action. This shows the hiring manager you’re eager to make it to the next step of the hiring process, and it makes it more likely for them to reach out to you.

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How to Write a Cover Letter

by Amy Gallo

Summary .   

Perhaps the most challenging part of the job application process is writing an effective cover letter. And yes, you should send one. Even if only one in two cover letters gets read, that’s still a 50% chance that including one could help you. Before you start writing, find out more about the company and the specific job you want. Next, catch the attention of the hiring manager or recruiter with a strong opening line. If you have a personal connection with the company or someone who works there, mention it in the first sentence or two, and try to address your letter to someone directly. Hiring managers are looking for people who can help them solve problems, so show that you know what the company does and some of the challenges it faces. Then explain how your experience has equipped you to meet those needs. If the online application doesn’t allow you to submit a cover letter, use the format you’re given to demonstrate your ability to do the job and your enthusiasm for the role.

No one likes job hunting. Scouring through online job listings, spiffing up your résumé , prepping for grueling interviews  — none of it is fun. For many, the most challenging part of the process is writing an effective cover letter. There’s so much conflicting advice out there, it’s hard to know where to start. Do you even need one, especially if you’re applying through an online system?

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Parts of a Cover Letter: A Detailed Breakdown of 6 Must-Have Sections

3 takeaways

• Learn each part of a cover letter and proper cover letter structure
• Discover how to correctly write each section of your cover letter 
• The best method for generating personalized cover letters in seconds with the Teal AI Resume Builder

When you’re job searching, writing a cover letter can be one of the most discouraging tasks on the list. After all, you’ve already bookmarked the job you want, researched the company, and tailored the perfect resume to match the job description. 

And now, you need to find the time (and energy) to fit all that information into a single-page cover letter.

But by knowing all the parts of a cover letter, along with how to write them, you’ll have a massive head start in the application process. 

What are the parts of a cover letter?

Before you get started creating your cover letter sections, it's important to know the main parts of a professional cover letter. Here they are in order:

• Salutation (or greeting)
• Opening paragraph
• Closing paragraph

Struggling to land interviews with your current resume and cover letter? Get started with Teal’s AI Resume Builder today.

Just like there are resume sections , cover letters have sections, too.  So, first things first: should a cover letter have a header? Absolutely. 

More than just a list of ways to reach you, the header of your cover letter is your first branding opportunity. It should mirror the header of your resume to frame your application as a polished and cohesive package. 

This symmetry isn't just visually appealing; it shows a deliberate and meticulous approach to your job application.

But what should be on a cover letter header?

The key elements of a cover letter header include your:

• Email address
• LinkedIn URL (Optional)
• Phone number

Here’s an example: 

Consider adding a link to your professional online profile, like LinkedIn, especially if you’re applying for a remote job. 

Note: Even if you’re sending an email cover letter , you should attach your letter as a PDF. First, it’s just easier to format. Second, it helps the hiring manager print or share this document with other decision-makers. 

Following the date, you’ll want to add the:

• Name of the hiring manager 
• The company you’re applying to 

Here’s what this looks like: 

2. Salutation

When you’re on the hunt for a new job, first impressions matter. This is what makes the cover letter salutation so important.

This is where writing a personalized cover letter begins and where you demonstrate your interest and effort in connecting with the company on a human level. Directly addressing the hiring manager is highly recommended when you know their name. It signals respect, shows that you've done your homework, and positions you as a candidate who values personal engagement.

Why not just start your cover letter as “To whom it may concern”? 

Because in today's job market, where a lot of applications flood an inbox, a personalized greeting helps you stand out. It sets a tone of attentiveness and immediately tells the hiring manager that you pay attention to detail. 

Even this little gesture can transform a generic cover letter from a one-size-fits-all document into a tailored conversation starter that resonates with the person responsible for filling the role.

How to find the hiring manager's name

Finding the hiring manager’s name may seem difficult, but it’s often simpler than you think. 

Here are some strategies to uncover this key piece of information:

• LinkedIn : The professional network is your first port of call. Search for the company and sift through employee listings, focusing on those with titles like “Hiring Manager,” “Recruitment Officer,” or specific department heads if you’re applying for a specialized position.
• Company website : Sometimes, the information is hidden in plain sight on the company’s ‘Team’ or ‘About Us’ page. Larger companies might list their staff, job titles, and contact information.
• Calling in : A direct approach can be the most effective. Call the company’s front desk or HR department. Be polite, introduce yourself, and explain that you wish to address your cover letter appropriately. Most will be happy to help.
• Networking outreach : Rely on your network. Ask colleagues or mentors if they know who the hiring manager might be for the position you're eyeing. A mutual connection can often provide you with the name you need.
• Social media scan : Companies often post about their team and new hires on platforms like LinkedIn, Twitter, or Instagram. A quick search might yield the right name.

If you can’t find the hiring manager's name despite your best efforts, opt for a polite and general salutation like “Dear hiring manager” or “Dear hiring team” over the impersonal “To whom it may concern.” 

This retains a level of personalization and respect for the team's collaborative hiring effort. It also sets you apart from the many others who simply wrote: “to whom it may concern.”

Write the elements of a cover letter with Teal's AI

Before you start writing the main parts of your cover letter, consider using Teal instead.

Teal’s cover letter generator pulls from the information you added to a specific resume (also extracting the main keywords and details from the job posting you’re applying to) to align your content. Then, in just a click, you’ll have a great cover letter written before your eyes.

3. Opening paragraph

The opening paragraph of your cover letter is your chance to captivate the reader's interest and set the stage for your narrative. 

When it comes to your cover letter format , this section should include a succinct introduction of who you are, a brief mention of the position you’re applying for, and a compelling reason why the role aligns perfectly with your skills and career aspirations. 

How to grab your reader’s attention in the opening paragraph

To make your entrance memorable, the opening paragraph must do more than introduce – it must intrigue. Here’s how to ensure it does that:

• Start with a bang : Lead with a strong statement or a striking fact about your career achievements. Alternatively, a concise, bold expression of your enthusiasm for the company can be just as effective.
• Show, don't tell : Use a mini anecdote or a powerful example from your experience that reflects your capabilities and mirrors the values or needs of the company.
• Tailor your tone : Match the tone of your writing to the culture of the company. A startup might appreciate a more casual and innovative opener, while a traditional firm might respect a formal and straightforward approach.
• Add some flair : Add a touch of your personality without overshadowing your professionalism. Make sure it’s a blend that conveys your unique professional identity.
• Research results : Mention something recent about the company that impressed you, showing you’re up-to-date and genuinely interested in what they do.
• Give the why and the what : Clearly articulate why you’re excited about the role and what you bring to the table – this is your unique value proposition.

Example of cover letter content for an opening paragraph

“Imagine a marketing strategy so engaging that it doesn't just capture attention but creates a movement. That's been the hallmark of my approach as a Marketing Manager for the past decade, where I've increased brand engagement by an average of 65% year-over-year. Inspired by [Company Name]'s recent groundbreaking campaign on sustainability—a subject close to my heart since I was just a kid—I am eager to bring my expertise in crafting compelling narratives to the role of Head of Marketing.”

You can find more cover letter samples in these marketing manager cover letter examples .

What makes this a strong opening:

• Engages with storytelling: The opening verb is “Imagine,” which is much more engaging than something more traditional, like “My name is…”
• Quantifiable achievements: It includes a specific, measurable achievement (increasing brand engagement by 65% year-over-year), which adds credibility to the applicant’s claims and showcases a track record of success.
• Personal connection: There’s a personal touch with the mention of a lifelong passion for sustainability, making the applicant’s interest in the company feel genuine and deeply rooted.
• Alignment with company values: The reference to the company’s campaign on sustainability suggests that the applicant has done their research and shares the company’s values, implying a natural cultural fit.
• Focus on contribution: By stating a desire to bring expertise in crafting compelling narratives, the applicant immediately addresses how they can contribute to the company’s success rather than just what they wish to gain from the position.

If you can get all of those qualities to shine through in your cover letter, you’ll be more likely to get the reader over to the body of your cover letter. 

Your cover letter body is the meat of your message. It's where you dive into your professional journey, aligning your skills and experiences with the needs of the job at hand. 

This part should be structured in a clear and compelling manner, usually composed of one to three paragraphs, each serving a distinct purpose. 

The first paragraph should connect your past successes to the potential future contributions you'll make to the company. Subsequent paragraphs , like the second or third paragraph , can be used to go further into your relevant skills, experiences, and achievements while also reflecting your knowledge of the company’s goals and challenges.

How to showcase relevant skills and experiences

Here’s how to write a cover letter body that resonates with hiring managers:

• Customize and contextualize : Tailor each example of your experience to mirror the job description. It’s about relevance—show the reader why and how your background prepares you for the specific role.
• Quantify your impact : Use numbers and metrics to give weight to your achievements. Whether it’s increasing sales by a certain percentage or reducing costs through innovative solutions, numbers speak louder than words .
• Problem, action, result (PAR) method : For each skill or experience you share, present the problem you encountered, the action you took, and the result of your efforts. This method illustrates your thought process and problem-solving skills.
• Align with the company's vision : Show that you’ve done your homework by relating your experience to the company's current projects or goals. This demonstrates not just alignment but also initiative and forward-thinking.
• Storytelling with substance : Craft your experiences into a narrative that’s engaging. Your goal is to lead the reader on a journey that showcases growth, impact, and relevance to the role.
• Be concise, be clear : Avoid jargon and overly complex language. The body of your cover letter should be easy to read and understand, ensuring that your points are made without confusion.

Example of what should be in a cover letter body

During my tenure with XYZ Corp, a pioneer in eco-friendly packaging, I spearheaded a transition that faced significant initial resistance both internally and from our customer base. The challenge was formidable: to reframe the public's perception of sustainable packaging from a costly alternative to a savvy, consumer-driven choice. My strategy was to launch an educational campaign that highlighted not just the environmental impact but also the long-term economic benefits. This initiative not only garnered a 120% increase in consumer engagement but also positioned XYZ Corp as a thought leader in the market. In my most recent project, I led a cross-functional team to address a 15% slump in market share due to increased competition. By instituting a thorough competitor analysis and customer feedback loop, we identified key areas where our messaging fell flat. I orchestrated a brand revitalization campaign focused on our core strengths, infused with customer success stories. The result was a 25% market share rebound within the first quarter post-campaign. In each role, I've aligned my actions not only with the company's immediate goals but with a visionary outlook. For instance, anticipating the rise of AI in marketing, I initiated a successful pilot program at XYZ Corp that utilized machine learning to personalize customer interactions, leading to a 30% uptick in customer retention rates.

But remember, not every cover letter will focus on the same information. You’ll need to craft your cover letter according to the specific job you’re applying to. 

While this level of personalization may seem tedious, it’s absolutely necessary. 

5. Closing paragraph

One of the last main parts of a professional cover letter , the closing paragraph, isn’t just a summary but a strategic push to get you into the interview room. This part should reiterate your interest in the position, succinctly summarize why you’re the right fit, and express your enthusiasm about the potential to contribute to the company. 

It's also the place to include a call to action, such as expressing your desire to discuss your application in more detail in a personal interview.

How to end the cover letter on a strong note

• Reaffirm your value : Concisely restate how your skills and experiences align with the job and can benefit the company.
• Personal touch : Express genuine enthusiasm and confidence in your ability to perform the role. Let them feel your eagerness and readiness to take on the challenges it presents.
• Call to action : Encourage the hiring manager to take the next step. You can say you look forward to the opportunity to discuss how you can contribute to their team or that you're eager to provide further details on how you can help achieve their goals.

Closing paragraph example in a cover letter

I am excited to contribute to [Company Name]'s innovative marketing efforts. My skill set aligns seamlessly with the objectives of the Head of Marketing position. I am eager to apply my expertise in strategic planning and digital engagement to drive impactful campaigns that resonate with your brand's vision, and I look forward to discussing how my experience and insights can support your company's success. Thank you for considering my application, and I am hopeful for the opportunity to discuss collaboration in person.

If you're looking for more inspiration, check out this comprehensive database of 1300+ cover letter examples .

6. Sign-off

A professional sign-off sets the tone for how your cover letter is received. It's the equivalent of the final handshake after a successful meeting—it should convey respect and formality. 

Here's how you can ensure your sign-off strengthens your application:

• Choose the right closing : "Sincerely," "Best regards," and "Kind regards" are safe and professional options. If the company culture is more casual, "Best" or "Warm regards" may be suitable.
• Include your full name : Your sign-off should always include your full name to ensure clarity and formality. If you've established a personal connection with the hiring manager, adding a handwritten signature above your typed name can add a personal touch.
• Professional contact details : Beneath your name, include your professional contact details, such as your phone number and email address, and LinkedIn profile URL to facilitate easy follow-up.

The best way to write a cover letter 

Again, if writing a cover letter is your least favorite part of the job application, you’re not alone. It can be difficult to take all the bullet-point information from a resume and turn that into a single page of compelling and persuasive text. 

From getting the cover letter format just right to writing the actual information, it’s not an easy task. 

That’s why, with a tool like Teal’s cover letter generator , there’s simply no excuse for not having a personalized cover letter with each application. 

Simply build your resume, and with the click of a button, you can have a polished and personalized cover letter in seconds. 

Sign up for Teal today to give it a try!

Frequently Asked Questions

How long should each section of a cover letter be to maintain the reader's interest, can i include bullet points in the body of my cover letter to highlight my achievements, is it necessary to address the cover letter to a specific person, and what if i can't find a name.

Nathan Thompson

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How to Structure a Cover Letter

What to include in each part of a cover letter.

The Structure of a Cover Letter

• What to Include in a Cover Letter

Sending an Email Cover Letter

Cover letter template and example.

When writing a cover letter to apply for a job, it's important to include all the requisite information clearly and efficiently.

Your cover letter is a way to grab the hiring manager's attention and it's important to be sure that it's polished, professional, and complete with the information the reader expects to see. If any elements are missing, it could even disqualify you from consideration for the job.

Here's how to structure a professional cover letter, with tips for every part and an example that includes everything.

A cover letter is comprised of several sections: your contact information, a salutation, the body of the cover letter, an appropriate closing, and a signature.

Review the structure of a cover letter, what to include in each part, and examples.

Your Contact Information

• What to include: The first section or header includes your contact information: name, address, phone or cell phone number, and your email address. It has also become common to include your LinkedIn address so that employers can immediately access your professional profile, resume, and networking contacts.  In an email, you can also list your contact info below your signature.
• Choose a style: Go with a simple centered header, or get a little fancy with the design if you're sending a hard copy. 
• Keep it professional: Also, keep in mind that your email address should sound simple and professional. Ideally, it would look like “[email protected].” Never use a “cutesy” email address that refers to your hobbies or political opinions or is off-color; your email address needs to reflect your professional identity, not your sense of humor.

You may want to create an email account dedicated solely to your career search. It can be easier to track all your correspondence when you have a dedicated email address for job hunting.

Employer Contact Information

• You can also include the employer's contact information. This is most appropriate to include on a formal, hard copy cover letter submitted through snail mail or by hand.
• If you are sending a job application by email or through an employer’s online application system, it is not as necessary to include this contact information.
• As a general rule of thumb for email applications, use the formal contact address if you know it, but don’t worry too much about omitting it otherwise.

Cover Letter Salutation

Although you may not need to know whom to address when sending a cover letter via email, getting a name to address your letter to is important. Do your research to avoid having to use the generic " To Whom It May Concern " or "Dear Sir or Madam," which can make things look like you didn't make an effort to learn more about the job or the employer. The best ways to learn contact names are to call an organization’s front office or to review their website.

To get in gear, review samples of  cover letter salutations . If you can't find a contact person, there are options you can use instead.

Cover Letter Body

The body of your cover letter lets the employer know what position you are applying for, why the employer should select you for an interview, and how you will follow up. This section of your cover letter includes:

• First paragraph : Why you are writing. This is "the grab," your chance to grasp your reader by the collar and get their attention. Offer some specific, focused information regarding the job you're seeking and a few core strengths that demonstrate your suitability for the position.
• Second paragraph : What you have to offer the employer .  This is your hook where you highlight examples of the work performed and achieved results. Draw on your key competencies from your resume, although don't copy it word for word. Bullet points in this paragraph are extremely effective in drawing your reader's eye to your successes.
• Third paragraph : Your knowledge of the company. Show you did your research and know something about the business and how you can contribute to its mission.
• Fourth paragraph : Your closing. Summarize what you would bring to the position and suggest some next steps by requesting a meeting or suggesting a call.

You can boldface quantifiable achievements like year-over-year sales figures to make these “pop” on the page.

Finish your letter with a formal closing like "Sincerely" or "Yours truly." A cover letter is a professional correspondence, so don't use informal closings like "Cheers" in the letters you write to apply for jobs.

Your Signature 

How you sign your cover letter will depend if you're sending a paper or email letter. If you're sending a paper letter, type your name after the salutation, leaving a space for your handwritten signature. If you're sending an email cover letter, type your name and contact information after your salutation.

Signature for a Hard Copy Letter Example

Mary Barnes (Your Signature)

Mary Barnes

Email Letter Signature Example

Mary Barnes Address City, State Zip Email Phone

When you're sending a cover letter via email, include your name and the job you're applying for in the subject line of the message. That way, you'll be sure your message gets opened and read.

Subject: Mary Barnes - Marketing Assistant Position

Download a cover letter template (compatible with Google Docs and Word Online), or see below for more examples.

Cover Letter Example

Lucius Applicant 123 Main Street Anytown, CA 12345 555-555-5555 lucius.applicant@email.com

August 12, 2024

William Lee Lead Mechanic Acme Auto 123 Business Rd. Business City, NY 54321 

Dear Mr. Lee:

I’m writing to apply for the position of diesel mechanic at the City Transit Agency, as advertised on the city’s careers web page. I’ve included my resume for your consideration.

In addition to my experience as a diesel mechanic, I have an excellent knowledge of gasoline engines and electric systems, and I hold a CDL driver's license. Most recently, I worked for Trailer Transfer in Middletown as their lead diesel mechanic. While I was there, I developed a training program for new hires. However, I had to leave my job due to a move to your city.

Thank you for your time and consideration. I will follow up next week to see if I can offer any more information about my skills and experience. My cell phone is 555-555-5555 and my email is lucius.applicant@email.com. 

Best regards,

Lucius Applicant (Signature hard copy letter)

Lucius Applicant

Need more examples? Here are more cover letter examples , including templates you can customize to create your own cover letters.

Key Takeaways

• A cover letter should be clear and professional, and it should also include some necessary information to help ensure your application is properly assessed.
• Structure your cover letter with your contact information, a salutation, body paragraphs detailing your qualifications and knowledge of the company, a formal closing, and your signature.
• Tailor your cover letter by addressing it to a specific person and highlighting relevant achievements.
• Make sure to demonstrate your knowledge of the company to make a strong impression on the hiring manager.

The 5 Parts of a Cover Letter for Your Job Application

When looking for a job, you probably think only submitting a resume will suffice. While that may be true, having a cover letter submitted along with the resume can also impact your chances of being hired.

Crafting the perfect resume is taught to everyone before they're sent out to the world. However, not everyone knows how to write a cover letter. Before you start drafting one, you'll need to know the parts of a cover letter. You need to consider the position you're applying for, relevant qualifications to improve, and valuable skills.

Writing a Cover Letter

Proper structuring is important when it comes to your cover letter parts. A good cover letter provides benefits compared to just sending a resume. Among other things, it helps you stand out, especially in a job opening with many applicants.

The primary purpose of having a cover letter is to engage employers when they review your application. Succeeding in this can help give you an interview and maybe even an offer. It also shows information they may not find on your resume, like your motivation.

Parts of a Cover Letter

A cover letter is a one-page document submitted along with your resume. Since all companies are different, it's important to tailor your cover letter to ensure it aligns with your job's values.

For each position, you'll need to tailor the letter in a way that helps you stand out to employers. These include regularly modifying the following depending on the job description:

The salutation part of your cover letter is your greeting. Doing this makes the letter seem much more personal since you're addressing a specific person. That means you're better off writing a “Mr.” or “Ms.” Instead of a “To whom it may concern.” To make this part more effective, you'll have to do some research to understand who will be reviewing your resume.

Opening line

The opening line sets the tone for any cover letter. It has the potential to make the entire document more memorable. Examples of strong opening lines can include jokes and puns. You can also open a cover letter with strong emotions, like passion or enthusiasm.

The story is the biggest part of your cover letter. This part is your unique selling point, covering your skills, qualifications, and what you can bring to the table if you're hired. Here, you write the details of what makes you stand out compared to others. It's nearly impossible to have a similar career journey with someone else.

Closing line

Once you finish the letter's main body, a closing line allows you to end the letter gracefully and professionally. It's also here where you can express gratitude and thank the employer for their time. A good closing line summarizes your letter, meaning you should also remind the employer why you make the perfect fit for the role.

You can find the signature at the very bottom of the cover letter. It has your name, signature, and sign-offs like “Sincerely” or “Regards.” It's perhaps the least important to include out of the five, but it's a good closer. Contact information is unnecessary here since they can already find it on your resume.

A Letter That's Got You Covered!

Cover letters are a great way to add value to your application. Drafting one also highlights your motivations and expectations for the role. It tells employers that you're a candidate they should consider because you have the qualifications and skills to fulfill the role.

A good cover letter is nothing without any prospects. With over 51,000 job openings available, Career.com can help you land your dream job today!

Supercharge Your Job Search

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Articles & Advice > Internships and Careers > Blog

How to Perfect the 5 Sections of a Cover Letter

Hiring managers expect your cover letter structure to comprise five basic parts. Here's how to write each section for job application success.

by LiveCareer

Last Updated: May 17, 2024

Originally Posted: Apr 18, 2019

Not including a cover letter with an application is one of the biggest mistakes students make when trying to get a job. As a soon-to-be graduate with little or no work experience, you can’t rely on your résumé alone. You need to craft a strong accompanying letter to sell yourself, and you need to get all its components right. While there may be room for more creativity in non-traditional industries, for the most part, recruiters expect cover letters to follow a particular format. If you adhere to the anticipated framework, you’ll make it easier for them to digest your submission. The best way to get a feel for how to write this important document is to look at lots of cover letter examples. You should also follow the guidelines below for cover letter structure success.

1. The greeting

If you remember only one thing when it comes to your opening address , let it be this: personalization. “To Whom It May Concern” just isn’t going to cut it; you need to use a full name, inserted into a formal salutation (Dear Mr./Ms. [First Name, Last Name]). If you don’t know who the hiring manager is, do some online digging. If (and only if) that turns up nothing, make use of a specific job title. Something like “Dear Group Human Resources Manager” could work. The point is to demonstrate that you’re willing to go the extra mile and do some research because you’re that interested in the position.

Related:  7 Must-Know Tips for Writing a Killer Cover Letter

2. The opening paragraph

The opening statement is the most important part of your cover letter structure, and the key to success is disruption—you want to surprise, amuse, and captivate from the first word while still remaining professional. So don’t start with something predictable like “My name is X and I’m writing to apply for the position of Y.” The most important thing to communicate in your first paragraph is why you’re so interested in this particular job at this particular company. Express your enthusiasm in an authentic, unexpected way by starting with a personal story that sheds light on how you came to love your field of work or how you first discovered the organization. Not only will a short tale be far more interesting than a generic introduction, but it’ll also encourage hiring managers to see you as a human being and not just another applicant. If you know someone at the organization—or better yet, if someone high up suggested that you apply for the position—you should definitely include that person’s name in your letter’s opening paragraph too.

3. The body paragraph(s)

The body is the meat of your cover letter—the part that’s meant to convince the hiring manager that you were made for this job. If you look at good cover letter examples, you’ll see it’s best to start with a hook that (a) shows you understand what the company needs and (b) emphasizes that you have the competencies, qualifications, and know-how necessary to meet those needs. If you don’t have a lot of work experience, focus on your transferable skills —those you’ve acquired through college projects and internships, for example—and include concrete examples of how you’ve applied them in the past to achieve results. If possible, evidence should be expressed in numbers and metrics, and skills and academic achievements should be described using language from the job ad so your letter is flagged if scanned by an applicant tracking system.

Two things you should never do when writing the body of your cover letter? Repeat your résumé or focus too much on yourself. Instead of the former, select two or three key points from your background and expand on them, making specific links to the position’s requirements. Regarding the latter, keep the emphasis on how you can help the company achieve its goals, and avoid talking too much about what you hope to gain.

Related: Entry-Level Résumé Mistakes to Avoid as a New Grad

4. The final paragraph

Don’t ruin a great cover letter with a tepid ending. Leave a lasting impression and close on a high by reiterating your interest in the position and outlining what you’d aim to achieve in your first few weeks in the position   if you’re selected. If there might be cause for concern (for instance, if you’re currently not based in the city but plan to relocate), address this here, but don’t dwell on it. Remember to thank the hiring manager for considering you—he or she didn’t have to read your whole letter, after all. Also be sure to balance confidence with courtesy; that is, don’t threaten the reader in any way or be overly presumptuous. Simply say that you’d be grateful for the opportunity to discuss your fit for the role further, and encourage the hiring manager to contact you if they’d like to set up an interview or learn more about you.

5. The closing remark

The tone of your sign-off should be consistent with the rest of your cover letter—courteous and professional, but not so formal that it feels contrived. “Yours faithfully” is probably too stuffy, but “Sincerely,” “Warm regards,” “Best wishes,” or even just “Regards,” followed by your full name, are all appropriate. If you’re posting your application materials, include your signature, but this isn’t necessary if you’re submitting your cover letter digitally. 

Related:  An Easy 7-Step Guide to Finding a Job After College

The cover letter is an elusive task when it comes to applying for jobs. You need to strike the right tone and balance to impress your audience: the hiring manager. Using this advice can help you perfect the art of writing your cover letter to show and say exactly what you want it to.  And with a little bit of practice, you’re sure to land an amazing job for a career where you can thrive.

Find more advice crafting your best application to land the job in our Internships and Careers section.

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More From Forbes

20 key elements to include in your cover letter.

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When it comes to landing your dream job, your cover letter can be your strongest ally. A well-crafted cover letter goes beyond just reiterating your resume—it's a chance to showcase your personality, highlight your relevant skills and explain why you're the perfect fit for the position. In a competitive job market, standing out is crucial and a thoughtfully written cover letter can catch the right attention.

Below, Forbes Human Resources Council members share advice on 20 essential components that every potential employee should include in their cover letters to make a lasting impression and increase their chances of securing an interview.

1. Tailor Your Cover Letter To A Specific Role

If asked for a cover letter, make it meaningful and use the opportunity to show a potential employer you did your homework. Don't miss an opportunity to bring your unique voice to your application, and be sure to make it relevant to the specific role. Employers, if you want to read something interesting, ask for it! Put the effort in, too—ask candidates to respond to a creative prompt. - Tory Clarke , Bridge Partners

2. Share The Context That Supports Your Resume

Cover letters are tricky. I don’t just want your sales pitch. I want to see the context that supports and informs your quantifiable impact and accomplishments in your career. The cover letter is your opportunity to share the context that supports the resume, not regurgitate it. - Christopher Courneen , M S International, Inc. (MSI)

3. Let Your Personality Shine Through

Your cover letter is an excellent opportunity to highlight your past accomplishments and how they can benefit this potential employer. All accomplishments should be personalized to the specific role you're applying for. It's also a great way to let your personality shine through. Doing something a little different will often catch the hiring manager's eye and make you stand out. - Hazel Kassu , Sudduth Search

4. Demonstrate How You Will Fit In With The Culture

As culture is moving to the forefront, many companies are looking more for cultural fit. Cover letters should connect your character traits and practices to that of the company's core values and culture indicators, which makes it easier for companies to visualize a great fit. - Tiersa Smith-Hall , Impactful Imprints, Training & Consulting

5. Create A Compelling And Tailored Narrative

The most important thing for candidates to include in their cover letters is a compelling and tailored narrative that effectively communicates their qualifications, experience, enthusiasm, unique selling points, company knowledge and alignment with the job requirements. Tailor each letter, be concise, proofread and include contact information. - Subhash Chandar , Laminaar Aviation Infotech

Forbes Human Resources Council is an invitation-only organization for HR executives across all industries. Do I qualify?

6. Explain Questions That Arise About Your Resume

A cover letter can show your story. Were you laid off? Did you take time off to have a family? What did you learn from your time off of work? It is a great way to explain resume gaps, highlight training or education, add additional skills and abilities and explain any other situations. It gives the recruiter and hiring manager a chance to get to know more about you. - Erin ImHof , CertiK

7. Treat Your Cover Letter As A Mission Statement

Your cover letter is a mission statement, presenting not what you can do but why you do it. In a tough market with an abundance of qualified candidates, you need to differentiate yourself with personality and aspirations. Recruiters are looking for your passion for the company and why your values match the company’s mission—stand out as a candidate who will have drive behind their work. - Laurie Chamberlin , LHH

8. Do Your Research And Demonstrate Your Knowledge Of The Company

Cover letters that stand out demonstrate a potential employee’s deep knowledge of the company and why they want to work there. Cover letters should not be vague or formulaic. Candidates who want to land a job need to take the time to do their research, get to know the company and be specific about why they are a good fit. - Leigh Yanocha , Knopman Marks Financial Training

9. Outline Two Tangible Accomplishments And Keep It Brief

Keep it brief. Outline two tangible accomplishments that showcase ownership, collaboration and determination to succeed. Also, it is important to not repeat what is included in your resume. Instead, connect specific and relevant information that highlights your communication and critical thinking skills, and your growth and progressive mindset. Lastly, what is your value to the company? - Chandran Fernando , Matrix360 Inc.

10. Demonstrate How Your Skills Are Transferable And Adaptable

Talent agility is key for organizations in this era of technological innovation. Demonstrate what skills you have in your backpack and how those are transferable and adaptable across different kinds of work and roles. Given the shrinking shelf-life of skills, it's also a huge advantage to show an appetite for continuous learning so that you can grow and pivot with the organization. - Siobhan Savage , Reejig

11. Be Present On Social Media, Especially LinkedIn

Cover letters are a practice that is a little outdated. CVs, too. Keep your LinkedIn profile up to date and add as many details as you can there. Write articles or be present on social channels. And if you want to add an extra flavor to your application, record a short video highlighting why you are the best person for this role. - Ilona Bernotaite , Kilo Health

12. Be Specific About What Excites You

Candidates should explain why they are enthusiastic about the job. Organizations want skilled employees, but they also want employees who will bring positive energy to work and contribute to the culture. By being specific about what excites them about the role, candidates demonstrate their ability to drive culture, engagement and productivity. - Niki Jorgensen , Insperity

13. State Your Value Proposition Clearly

Some may argue that the cover letter's crown jewel is your value proposition: what you can offer that no one else can. This isn't merely a repetition of your CV. Instead, it's a story about how your unique skills and experiences make you the right person for the job. Conveying this effectively can set you apart from the crowd. What makes you unique? What is your superpower? - Joseph Soares , IBPROM Corp.

14. Highlight Your Value As A New Hire

Always intertwine the mission, vision and values of the organization into your message. It allows the reader to easily convey which skills and experiences support and relate to the company's specific values and aspects of the vision and mission. Also, using the mission, vision and values to describe how you plan to address conflict and company challenges will highlight your value as a new hire. - Kimika Banfield , Arootah

15. Choose The Appropriate Format To Submit

Are cover letters passé? Maybe. Maybe not. Many employers describe the value of cover letters as a means for the candidate to highlight their alignment of values and skills, yet so many cover letters go unread or skimmed at best. If applying for a writing position, then adhering to the tradition might be a good idea. If not, consider replacing the written document with a quick and entertaining video clip that exposes personality and fit! - Laci Loew , XpertHR (a division of LexisNexis Risk Solutions)

16. Prepare Your Digital Footprint As Well

A cover letter may still be expected, but is it really needed? In today’s world, let your digital footprint tell your story. Make sure your online brand and resume—your LinkedIn account and social media channels—are updated, professional and competition-ready. A cover letter is fine, but it doesn't tell your whole story. - Jess Elmquist , Phenom

17. Make Your Cover Letter Interactive

Cover letters can be seen as outdated and offer little space to tell a truly impactful story. So, work with that and create a differentiated and interactive cover letter that engages the reader. Add a QR code to your LinkedIn profile, a custom microsite or portfolio, social media accounts, or a personalized video message that shows your passion (free tools exist). Branding 101—get creative to stand out. - Nicole Fernandes , Blu Ivy Group

18. Treat Your Cover Letter And Resume As Marketing Materials

Cover letters continue to be controversial in their value proposition. Some recruiters and managers may say the most important thing to include is to not submit a cover letter at all. That said, if you are including a cover letter, use that to differentiate and capture the attention of the reader. Cover letters and resumes are marketing documents so choose your words and tone wisely. - Julie Hankins , NNIT

19. Highlight Your Most Significant Accomplishments

Cover letters are not an effective tool in the modern job market but they can supplement a resume if written in formal, explicit language. It should be well-organized, concise and accurate, highlighting the candidate's most significant accomplishments on projects or tasks. The key to overcoming an employer's preconceptions about all job applicants is to highlight relevant skills and experience. - Dr. Nara Ringrose , Cyclife Aquila Nuclear

20. Sell Who You Are And Your Superpower

As cover letters start to fall out of trend, the employers that require them are even more likely to read them. So don't miss the opportunity to sell who you are, how you align with the role and the superpower that makes you rise above the other candidates. - Jessica Wallen , Marten Law

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