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Bengaluru's NIMHANS: Tracing the history of ideas about mental health in India

Bengaluru's National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) is considered to be the apex centre for mental health and neuroscience education in India. The journey towards establishing the institution, a pioneer in the field of mental health in the country, has been a long and eventful one. 

“One night, when he was sleeping, a devil came at midnight and troubled him very much. Since that time, he was not behaving properly. He used to beat people at home. Hence, people thought him a lunatic.”

“He is morbidly elated in mood, exalted in his ideas, incoherent in speech and violent without sufficient provocation.”

These were the case notes written by Dr Francis Xavier Noronha in 1929, a leading doctor in Psychiatry in Bengaluru, who was responsible for the beginning of progressive change in the way mental health was perceived in the early 18th century. It set the ball rolling for what NIMHANS is today.

Dr Francis Noronha

His extensive work and introduction of the concept of documenting detailed case histories, both personal and psychological, can be seen as the beginning of the idea of establishing an institute to study mental health.

Although Dr Noronha’s studies contributed heavily to the formation of NIMHANS, one has to go back to the 1800s, to trace the history of institutions which treated mental illnesses in Bengaluru.

The beginning

In the year 1839, Dr Charles Irving Smith, who had been a part of the battle of Srirangapattanam fought between the British and Tipu Sultan’s army, pushed for the provision of a hospital to treat mental illness.

In that very year, a ward for treating mental illness was opened at the Hospital for Soldiers, Peons and Paupers in Bengaluru. This hospital was located where the Bowring Hospital currently stands.

A diary maintained by Dr Irving Smith records the setting up of this ward and the daily records of “insanity and mania”.

Dr Charles Irving Smith's diary detailing patients' behaviour

“The most ordinary of early symptoms is morosity, irritability of temper and suspicion of all around them; want of memory and competing with ideas is often a prelude to idiocy. One of the most dangerous delusions is that of a patient under supernatural influence, for a patient will commit any crime or perform any act of delusion that he is divinely directed,” Dr Irving Smith had noted.

According to a book co-authored by Dr Sanjeev Jain, Dr Pratima Murthy and P Radhika, Mindscape and Landscape: An Illustrated History of NIMHANS, Dr Irving Smith may have been the first in Bengaluru to document a case, although as a part of his personal journal.

“One patient became suspicious of European and Indian officials and shot dead an Indian in order to force attention up on himself. He describes patients who showed depressive symptoms, progress to dementia and after death are discovered to have inflammatory changes in the brain. These constitute the first description of what later came to be known as neurocysticercosis,” the book states.

The need for a separate facility

It was Dr Irving Smith’s detailed studies of the patients which led him to push for the establishment of a separate facility to treat people with mental heath issues. In 1850, the Lunatic Asylum of Bangalore was established.

The Lunatic Asylum of Bangalore

The new building was constructed in what was then known as the Pete area (from KR Market surrounding Avenue Road), where the State Bank of Mysore currently stands. Annual reports of the administration of the Mysore and Coorg districts documented the hospital as being “simple but airy, located close to a lake with adequate water supply”.

The patients, unlike most mental health institutes across the world, were not confined to one room. They were let out in open spaces and engaged in activities like gardening and rope making.

“Nearly half of the cases of mental derangement are attributed to the abuse of bhang, opium and intoxicating drugs,” Dr Irving Smith had recorded. Within a few years, the number of patients grew from 60 to nearly 200.

The beginning of progressive change in the idea of mental health

In 1921, Dr Noronha petitioned the then Senior Surgeon of Mysore to rename the Lunatic Asylum as Mental Hospital, with the intention of removing the stigma surrounding the use of the terms ‘lunatic’ and ‘asylum’.

“A lot of prison-like terms were utilised when many of these “asylums” were functional. The people were treated more like prisoners than patients. They had a warden, they had roll-call and they even had to wear uniforms. So naturally all of this became somewhat of a symbol to shame these people,” said Dr Prathima Murthy, Professor from NIMHANS.

Records obtained from NIMHANS’ Department of Publications include a letter written by Dr Noronha to the Senior Surgeon.

“The expression is certainly old fashioned and I venture to add has a stigma. With hope Sir under your regime, you will be pleased to free this institution of this reproachful appellation and raise it to the status and dignity of a mental hospital. The public will undoubtedly appreciate the change,” Dr Noronha had written.

 “The National Human Rights Commission played a large part in helping improve institutional care. The Supreme Court had directed people to improve institutional care. Efforts like these helped build a better national health care policy,” Dr Prathima told TNM.

Dr Prathima also stated that once the human rights commission got involved, it allowed people in institutes to get better care without impinging on their rights, but added that this didn’t occur until much later.  

Hence, in 1926, the Lunatic Asylum of Bangalore was renamed Mysore Government Mental Hospital. In 1929, Gustav Krumbeigel, the Chief Consulting Architect and designer of Lalbagh Botanical Gardens, was commissioned to design a new building for the hospital.

One of the last remaining photographs of the Mysore Government Mental Hospital

Gustav Krubeigel and others supervising the work for the new building

A site was surveyed in Mysuru’s Hulikal, but progress of work was slow. In 1930, Bengaluru witnessed a huge outbreak of dysentery. It was during this time that Dr Noronha proposed that the hospital be located somewhere between Lalbagh and Basavanagudi as the structure would then be close to the Minto Hospital, Victoria Hospital and Vanivilas Hospital. By 1937, the entire operation was shifted to the new building.

The then ruler of Mysore, Maharaja Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV laying the foundation stone for the new building

Beginning of construction of the new building

The structure was broadly based on the blueprint of the Bethlem Mental Hospital in London. However, Krumbeigel added the gardens and lawns surrounding the hospital. This structure is the current OPD Department of NIMHANS.

The new building after construction

Emergency Department

Patients playing Table Tennis

An institute to study issues related to mental health and how it grew

In 1935, Dr MV Govindaswamy joined as the Medical Superintendent of the Hospital and is till date credited with establishing an “open, model mental health care institution”.

In 1946, the Health Survey and Development Committee, or the Bhore Committee reviewed the state of mental health in India and recommended the need for educated medical staff, who were lacking in most institutions.

The State Government Mental Hospital, Bangalore, which had already built up a great reputation by then, became the centre for training of under-graduate and post graduate students by the government of India in 1963; it became the first postgraduate training institute in psychiatry for the country.

Dr MV Govindaswamy, was the founder of what was in 1954 known as the All India Institute of Mental Health. Academic activities and courses in Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry were introduced.

Gardening as a form of therapy

First leucotomy lab

In 1974, AIIMH and the State Government Mental Hospital were merged and it came to be known as the National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS). Now, the institute has a wide range of courses, an Occupational Therapy and Rehabilitation Centre, the Central Animal Research Facility, Advanced Study for Ayurveda, the Neurobiology Research Centre and the NIMHANS Centre for Well Being.

Psychological testing of patients

Children's centre

Going forward

While NIMHANS has definitely built quite a reputation for itself, and is considered one of the best in the country, Dr Prathima says that there’s still a lot of work to be done.

“Sure, we’ve crossed a lot of barriers, but as far as stigma is concerned, there’s still a long way to go,” she said.

Pictures for the story were obtained from the Department of Publication, NIMHANS. Content regarding the history was referred from the book Mindscape and Landscape: An Illustrated History of Nimhans

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Development and validation of NIMHANS screening tool for psychological problems in Indian context

2014, Asian Journal of Psychiatry

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Development and validation of NIMHANS screening tool for psychological problems in Indian context

Affiliations.

• 1 Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka 560029, India. Electronic address: [email protected].
• 2 Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka 560029, India. Electronic address: [email protected].
• PMID: 25042949
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2014.02.008

Screening for psychiatric morbidity helps to identify disease, enable initiation of treatment and intervention to reduce mortality and suffering from psychological problems. There is a dearth of such scales in India and South East Asia. The present work aims to develop and validate the NIMHANS screening tool for psychological problems in Indian context. 754 (229 normal subjects and 525 clinical subjects) were taken from the community and in-patient and out patient psychiatric setting of the hospital. Socio-demographic datasheet and the newly developed tool were administered on them. Split half reliability of the tool was .84. Score of 12 & 24 and above indicated presence of psychiatric distress in normal and clinical group respectively. Discriminate validity developed with sensitivity of .76 and specificity of .82. The NIMHANS screening tool for psychological problems has a utility in screening out psychiatric distress in the community.

Keywords: Psychiatric morbidity; Screening; Screening tool.

Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Mental Status Examination Format NIMHANS Case Study on Intellectual Disability

Socio-demographic data.

Name:  J Y Education: 5th Standard Socioeconomic status: Lower Age: 39 Occupation: Nil Location of residence: Rural Sex: Male Marital status: Unmarried Informants: Hospital records, Patient self Information: Reliable, Inadequate

PRESENTING COMPLAINTS AND THEIR DURATION

 Shows childish behavior and wandering behavior. No development in behavior and thinking along with age. It was identified from 5th standard onwards.

HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS

Mode of onset: Insidious Course: Worsening  Precipitating factor: Smoking Duration: Since 5th standard joy does not show improvements in his cognition. His intellect seems to be below average. He often engaged in childish behavior and shows wandering tendency.

MEDICAL HISTORY

No reports of physiological problem are available.

PAST HISTORY

Not available

TREATMENT HISTORY

Treated at Government hospital.

FAMILY HISTORY

Consanguinity: Absent

Family history of mental illness: No history of having any mental illness  

PERSONAL HISTORY

Birth and Early Development: Normal birth. No complications in the mother were reported. Developmental milestones: Delayed Behavior During childhood: Sleep disturbances: No   Thumb sucking: No Nail biting: No Bed wetting: No Stammering: Yes   Tics:  No   Severe temper tantrums: No Conduct disturbances: Not reported. Relationship with parents: Good. Relationship with siblings: Good. Relationship with peers: Good. Physical illness during childhood: Not available Temperament: Easy Educational History Age at which schooling began:5 years                 Educated up to: 5th Standard Scholastic Performance:  Below average Learning problems: Not available Relationship with teachers: good Relationship with peers: good

Occupational History

No history of occupation. Patient reported that he had owned a tailoring shop. Menstrual History: NA Sexual History: Sexual history is not available. Marital history: NA History of Substance abuse Reports of smoking are present. But the detailed is report is not available.

PREMORBID PERSONALITY

Extravert, submissive, friendly, helpful to others, believe in religion, good self concept, trust others, conforming to rules. Pattern of Eating, Sleeping and excretory functions: Regular Hobbies: Singing

MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION

General Appearance and Behavior Personal hygiene: Disheveled              Dressing: Appropriate Eye to eye contact: Established and maintained Rapport: Adequate                Reality contact: Present Cooperative Any tics or mannerisms: Holding his hands continuously on the face. Psychomotor activity Normal Speech Reaction time: Decreased                                         Tone: Normal Tempo: Slow                                                            Volume: Decreased Irrelevant                                                                 Coherent Thought Stream: Thought block Perception Hallucinations- Auditory

Mood Objectively: Happy                                 Subjectively: Happy Range: Normal                                        Reactivity: Present Lability: Absent                                       Congruent to thought Appropriate to situation

Cognitive functions Orientation: a) Time: Intact b) Place : Intact c) Person: Intact Attention and concentration:

Memory a) Immediate: Intact b) Recent: Intact c) Remote: Intact He made some additions to the information.

Intelligence:

a) General information: Inadequate b) Comprehension       : Inadequate c) Arithmetic               : Inadequate

d) Abstractibility –                      Similarities: Inadequate                       Differences: Inadequate                       Proverbs: Inadequate Based on clinical assessment intelligence seems to be: Developmentally Delayed

a) Personal: Intact b) Social   : Intact c) Test      : Intact

Management Pharmacotherapy, Insight and Absent.

Mr. Jy is 37 year old unmarried male educated up to 5th standard, with no history as an employee comes from a lower socio economic rural background, who was premorbidly an extravert, submissive, friendly, and helpful to others, believed in religion, had good self-concept, and trust others, conforming to rules, has regular pattern of eating, sleeping and excretory functions, cooperating, holds his hands continuously on the face, always ready to sing in front of others, with little care on personal hygiene, but conscious about physical health, has established and maintain eye contact, with normal psychomotor activity, decreased reaction time, normal tone, slow tempo, decreased volume, sometimes experiencing thought block, and auditory hallucinations, with happy mood which  appropriate to the situation, but inadequate in general information, arithmetic, comprehension, abstractablity, has  intact memory, intact judgment, with no insight, and is managed through pharmacotherapy and vocational training.

Case Study Of A Patients Affected With Mental Illness Undifferentiated Schizophrenia

Example Format Of A Case Study Of Patients With Paranoid Schizophrenia Share the post please Kindly Share Ahead Ship Me This

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Make Your Note

Indian Brain Templates: NIMHANS

• 14 Sep 2020
• GS Paper - 2
• GS Paper - 3

Why in News

A team of neuroscientists from the National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) has developed Indian Brain Templates (IBT) and a brain atlas.

• NIMHANS is a medical institution located in Bangalore, Karnataka. It is the apex centre for mental health and neuroscience education in the country and operates autonomously.
• Brain Template: It is a gross representation from various brain images to understand brain functionality in diseased conditions.
• The MNI template was made by averaging 152 healthy brain scans from just a small slice of the city’s population in North America.
• Some countries have their own scale to measure the brain, whereas India is still dependent on the Caucasian brain template.
• Neuroscientists studied over 500 brain scans of Indian patients to develop five sets of Indian Brain Templates (IBT) and a brain atlas.
• Validation experiments and comparisons with existing international templates found that using the NIMHANS IBTs for Indian brains significantly improved the accuracy of alignment and thereby noticeably reducing distortions, errors or biases in final reports of brain structure and function.
• Brain Atlas has been developed for five age groups covering late childhood to late adulthood (six to 60 years).
• These new population and age-specific Indian brain templates will allow more reliable tracking of brain development and ageing.
• The templates and atlas will provide more precise reference maps for areas of interest in individual patients with neurological disorders like strokes, brain tumours, and dementia.
• These will also help pool information more usefully in group studies of the human brain and psychological functions, aiding in understanding of psychiatric illnesses like Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), autism, substance dependence, schizophrenia, and mood disorders.

Way Forward

• There have been similar attempts to develop brain templates previously in India, however they were typically focused on young adults and had a significantly smaller number of subjects. NIMHANS IBTs are based on a comprehensive scan.
• NIMHANS IBTs can be incorporated in normal protocols of brain imaging in India.

• The Human Eye and the Colourful World Class 10 Case Study Questions Science Chapter 11

Last Updated on August 30, 2024 by XAM CONTENT

Hello students, we are providing case study questions for class 10 science. Case study questions are the new question format that is introduced in CBSE board. The resources for case study questions are very less. So, to help students we have created chapterwise case study questions for class 10 science. In this article, you will find case study questions for cbse class 10 science chapter 11 The Human Eye and the Colourful World.

Table of Contents

Case Study Questions on The Human Eye and the Colourful World

Question 1:

Read the following and answer the questions given below:

Light of all the colour travel at the same speed in vacuum for all wavelengths. But in any transparent medium (glass or water), the light of different colours travel with different speeds for different wavelength that means that the refractive index of a particular medium is different for different wavelength. As there is a difference in their speeds, the light of different colour bend through different angles. The speed of violet colour is maximum and the speed of red colour is minimum in glass so, the red light deviates least and violet colour deviates most. Hence, higher the wavelength of a colour of light, smaller the refractive index and less is the bending of light.

λ r > λ v  and r n < v n . Also frequency, ν = c/λ.

(i) Which of the following statements is correct regarding the propagation of light of different colours of white light in air? (a) Red light moves fastest. (b) Blue light moves faster than green light. (c) All the colours of the white light move with the same speed. (d) Yellow light moves with the mean speed as that of the red and the violet light.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Ans. Option (c) is correct. Explanation: All the colours of the white light move with the same speed in air.

(ii) Which of the following is the correct order of wavelength? (a) Red > Green > Yellow (b) Red > Violet > Green (c) Yellow > Green > Violet (d) Red > Yellow > Orange

Difficulty Level: Easy

Ans. Option (c) is correct. Explanation: The increasing order of wavelength of visible spectrum is Violet < Indigo < Blue < Green < Yellow < Orange < Red So, the correct order is Yellow > Green > Violet

(iii) Which of the following is the correct order of speed of light in glass? (a) Red > Green > Blue (b) Blue > Green > Red (c) Violet > Red > Green (d) Green > Red > Blue

Ans. Option (b) is correct. Explanation: The more be the wavelength, more be the speed.

(iv) Which colour which has maximum frequency (a) Red (b) Violet (c) Blue (d) Green

Ans. Option (b) is correct. Explanation: Frequency is inversely proportional to the wavelength. Violet has minimum wavelength among all these colours, so violet has maximum frequency.

(v) Which of the following is the correct order of angle of deviation? (a) Red > Green > Blue (b) Blue > Yellow > Orange (c) Orange > Red > Green (d) Blue > Green > Violet

Ans. Option (b) is correct. Explanation: The angle of deviation is more for more refractive index.

Question 2:

The spreading of light by the air molecules is called scattering of light. The light having least wavelength scatters more. The sun appears red at sunrise and sunset, appearance of blue sky it is due to the scattering of light. The colour of the scattered light depends on the size of particles. The smaller the molecules in the atmosphere scatter smaller wavelengths of light. The amount of scattering of light depends on the wavelength of light. When light from sun enters the earth’s atmosphere, it gets scattered by the dust particles and air molecules present in the atmosphere. The path of sunlight entering in the dark room through a fine hole is seen because of scattering of the sun light by the dust particles present in its path inside the room.

(i) To an astronaut in a spaceship, the colour of earth appears (a) red (b) blue (c) white (d) black

Ans. Option (b) is correct. Explanation: Light is scattered by the air molecules present in atmosphere.

(ii) At the time of sunrise and sunset, the light from sun has to travel. (a) longest distance of atmosphere (c) both (a) and (b) (b) shortest distance of atmosphere (d) can’t say

Ans. Option (a) is correct. Explanation: As the distance between us and sun is more at the time of sunrise and sunset.

(iii) The colour of sky appears blue, it is due to the (a) refraction of light through the atmosphere (b) dispersion of light by air molecules (c) scattering of light by air molecules (d) all of these.

Ans. Option (c) is correct. Explanation: Due to the more scattering of blue colour by molecules of air.

(iv) At the time of sunrise and sunset (a) Blue colour scattered and red colour reaches our eye (b) Red colour scattered and blue colour reaches our eye (c) Green and blue scattered and orange reaches our eye (d) None of these

Ans. Option (a) is correct. Explanation: Red light being of largest wavelength blue scatter more, red scattered least.

(v) The danger signs made red in colour, because (a) the red light can be seen from farthest distance (b) the scattering of red light is least (c) both (a) and (b) (d) none of these

Ans. Option (c) is correct. Explanation: Scattering is least but velocity of red light is more.

• Electricity Class 10 Case Study Questions Science Chapter 12
• Metals and Non-metals Class 10 Case Study Questions Science Chapter 3
• Light – Reflection and Refraction Class 10 Case Study Questions Science Chapter 10
• Life Processes Class 10 Case Study Questions Science Chapter 6

Acids Bases and Salts Class 10 Case Study Questions Science Chapter 2

Chemical reactions and equations class 10 case study questions science chapter 1, topics from which case study questions may be asked.

• Structure of the Human Eye
• Functioning of the Eye
• Defects of Vision and Their Correction
• Prism and the Refractive Index
• Dispersion of Light
• Atmospheric Refraction
• Scattering of Light

Case study questions from the above topics may be asked.

Helpful Links for CBSE Class 10 Science Preparation

• Download 125 Important Case Study Questions for CBSE Class 10 Science
• Download 220 Important Assertion Reason Questions for CBSE Class 10 Science
• Download 225 Practical Based Questions for CBSE Class 10 Science
• Download 65 Important Numerical Problems for CBSE Class 10 Physics
• Download 60 Important Diagram Based Questions for CBSE Class 10 Physics
• Download 150 Most Repeated Questions for CBSE Class 10 Science
• Download Chapter Test for CBSE Class 10 Science

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on The Human Eye and the Colourful World Case Study Questions

Q1: what are case study questions for cbse examinations.

A1: Case study questions in CBSE examinations typically involve scenarios or real-life examples, requiring students to apply their understanding of concepts to solve problems or analyze situations.

Q2: Why are case study questions important for understanding class 10 science chapters?

A2: Case study questions provide a practical context for students to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world situations, fostering deeper understanding and critical thinking skills.

Q3: How should students approach answering case study questions for CBSE?

A3: Students should carefully read the case study, identify the key issues or problems presented, analyze the information provided, apply relevant concepts and principles of chemical reactions and equations, and formulate well-supported solutions or responses.

Q4: Are there any resources available online for students to practice case study questions on class 10 science chapters for CBSE exams?

A4: Yes, several educational websites offer case study questions for CBSE students preparing for science examinations. We also offer a collection of case study questions for all classes and subject on our website. Visit our  website  to access these questions and enhance your learning experience. If you need more case study questions for your preparation, then you visit Physics Gurukul website.

Q5: How can students effectively prepare for case study questions on The Human Eye and the Colourful World for CBSE exams?

A5: Effective preparation strategies include regular revision of concepts, solving practice questions, analyzing case studies from previous exams, seeking clarification on doubts, and consulting with teachers or peers for guidance and support.

Q6: How can teachers incorporate case study questions on The Human Eye and the Colourful World class 10 science into classroom teaching?

A6: Teachers can integrate case studies into lesson plans, group discussions, or interactive activities to engage students in active learning, promote problem-solving skills, and facilitate a deeper understanding of The Human Eye and the Colourful World.

Q7: What is the power of accommodation of a normal eye?

Ans. A normal eye has a power of accommodation which enables objects as far as infinity and as close as 25 cm to be focussed on the retina.

Q8: What is meant by spherical aberration of a lens?

A8: The inability of a lens to bring all the rays coming from a point object to focus at a single point is known as spherical aberration.

Q9: Is the focal length of our eye lens fixed?

Q10: what is astigmatism how is it corrected.

A10: It is that defect of the eye due to which the image of a distant point source of light is formed, not as a point but as a vertical or a horizontal line. It can be corrected by using cylindrical lenses.

Q11: White light consists of seven colours. Is the refractive index of glass same for all colours?

A11: The refractive index of glass is different for each of the colours.

Q12: When a monochromatic light passes through a prism, will it show dispersion?

A12: No, it will not show any dispersion but will show only deviation.

Q13: When does an object appear black?

A13: When it absorbs all the colours incident on it.

Q14: Why does a rose appear red in daylight?

A14: Because it reflects only red colour to our eye, out of all the seven colours of sun light falling on it.

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NIMHANS case study on binge-watching among elderly highlights need to promote behavioural strategies

‘a relatively sedentary way of life and its associated psychological factors among the elderly can make them vulnerable to technology misuse’.

Updated - January 26, 2023 09:55 am IST

Published - January 21, 2023 08:51 pm IST - Bengaluru

The association of binge-watching with loneliness and anxiety further contributes to increased binge-watching to overcome negative mood states. | Photo Credit: iStock

A NIMHANS case study published in the Journal of Geriatric Mental Health has provided insights into the motives of the elderly for binge-watching. It highlights the need to promote behavioural strategies for strengthening the healthy use of technology among the elderly, allowing them to age healthily with advancing technologies.

The Journal of Geriatric Mental Health is an official publication of the Indian Association of Geriatric Mental Health. The case study titled “Understanding geriatric binge-watching from a case-based perspective” published on January 20 illustrates the mediating role of psychological factors in binge-watching among the elderly as well as seeking consultation for its management.

Sedentary lifestyle

Manoj Kumar Sharma, Professor at the Department of Clinical Psychology at NIMHANS, who is the lead author of the paper, told The Hindu that the relatively sedentary way of life and its associated psychological factors among the elderly can make them vulnerable to technology misuse and potential problematic binge-watching.

Motivation factor

Dr. Sharma, who also heads the Service for Healthy Use of Technology (SHUT) Clinic at NIMHANS, said he has seen three such cases.

“In this paper, we describe the case of a 72-year-old male professional who sought help to manage problematic binge-watching of teleseries. The clinical evaluation highlighted the mediating role of motivation factors (need for self-absorbing activities, compensatory motivation to manage low mood and loneliness) in binge-watching.”

The association of binge-watching with loneliness and anxiety further contributes to increased binge-watching to overcome negative mood states, he said.

After psychotherapy sessions, which also involved his wife for couple-coping enhancement, he showed a reduction in engagement with online self-absorbing activities and improvement in marital life, Dr. Sharma said.

“This case study provides insights into the motives of the elderly for binge-watching and highlights the need to promote behavioural strategies for strengthening the healthy use of technology among the elderly, allowing them to age healthily with advancing technologies,” he said.

A new phenomenon

Pointing out that binge-watching is defined as watching two to six episodes of the same TV show in one sitting, the doctor said it was a relatively new phenomenon owing to the rising number of over-the-top or video-on-demand platforms, increasingly observed in adolescents and young adults.

A similar trend has also been observed among adults who use binge-watching as a method of distraction from daily stressors of life, to promote a feeling of well-being and to overcome loneliness. Technology has become an important modality to fulfill interpersonal and social needs among the elderly. However, the excessive use of technology can further deepen social isolation among the elderly and this phenomenon remains unexplored, Dr. Sharma said.

Health consequences

Dr. Sharma said there was a great potential for binge-watching to become an addictive behaviour if used regularly for instant gratification of hedonistic needs or to regulate emotions as a maladaptive coping. In addition, binge-watching is associated with adverse health consequences, especially those related to noncommunicable diseases. He underlined the need for research on this phenomenon for developing appropriate strategies to promote healthy aging with advancing technologies.

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