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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Quail'

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Elmonoufy, Nourhan. "Morphological and Hematological Responses to Hypoxia During Development in the Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4222/.

Miller, Libbie L. "Imunnoresponsiveness in Japanese quail and chickens." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41934.

Wilson, Charles Morgan. "Maternal thyroid hormones in Japanese quail eggs." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08222008-063658/.

Henson, Kelly Diane. "Species visitation at free-choice quail feeders in west Texas." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3897.

Freeman, Thomas Bernard. "Hepatic 5'deiodinase activity of Japanese quail using reverse-T₃ as substrate : assay validation, characterization, and developmental studies /." This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08042009-040343/.

Sánchez, Donoso Inés. "Impact of game restocking on common quail populations." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284549.

King, Verdun Michael. "Circadian biology of Japanese quail and European starlings." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283955.

Gastecki, Michelle Lynn. "Development of the Stress Response in Fast (Coturnix Japonica) Versus Slow (Callipepla Gambelii) Growing Species." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26662.

Reddish, John Mark. "Evaluation of the effects of selection for increased body weight and increased yield on growth and development of poultry." Columbus, Ohio Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1073054170.

Shields, Brenda Czerwinski. "Adaptive response of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) to cold-acclimation physiological changes and localization of avian UCP in skeletal muscle /." Click here for download, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1564023381&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

White, David J. "Social influences on mate choice in Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ66302.pdf.

Grasman, Keith A. "Effects of lead ingestion on the immune function in quail." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12232009-020526/.

Weng, Bor-Chun Brian. "Immunomodulation by dietary lipids: soybean oil, menhaden fish oil, chicken fat, and hydrogenated soybean oil in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) and Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28487.

Herrington, Joshua A. "Effects of Elevated Prenatal Progesterone on Postnatal Emotional Reactivity in Bobwhite Quail (Colinus Virginianus) Neonates." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/668.

Honeycutt, Hunter Gibson. "Prenatal Perceptual Experience and Postnatal Perceptual Preferences: Evidence for Attentional-Bias in Perceptual Learning." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36148.

Çetinkaya, Hakan. "Circadian organization of sexual behavior in male Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

De, Jager Pieter Herodes. "Effect of photoperiod on sexual development, growth and production of quail (coturnix coturnix japonica)." Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/227.

Belzner, Katharine Ann. "DPOAE two-source separation in adult Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) /." Full-text of dissertation on the Internet (891.53 KB), 2010. http://www.lib.jmu.edu/general/etd/2010/doctorate/belzneka/belzneka_doctorate_04-19-2010_02.pdf.

辻, 敬一郎, Keiichiro Tsuji, 澄. 石井, and Kiyoshi Ishii. "Effects of Stimulus Preexposure upon Sexual Imprinting in the Japanese Quail." 名古屋大学文学部, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/5592.

Liu, Jianan. "Cryopreservation and transplantation of ovarian tissue in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/17424.

Boswell, Timothy. "The physiology of migratory fattening in the European quail (Coturnix coturnix)." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303785.

Baines, Elizabeth. "Photoperiodic control of hypothalamic gonadotrophin releasing hormone mRNA in Japanese quail." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10704.

Virkar, Pratima. "Auditory and visual determinants of maternal preference in bobwhite quail neonates." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43298.

Huwe, Jillian Rae. "Suites of Behavioral and Physiological Characteristics of Japanese Quail (Coturnix Japonica)." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27592.

Flores, Santin Josele R. "Cardiovascular Fetal Programming in Quail (Colinus virginianus), An Avian Comparative Model." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc955048/.

Columbus, Rebecca F. "Modified postnatal social experience alters intersensory development of bobwhite quail chicks." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11182008-063332/.

Carlsen, Robert Means III. "Neural Plasticity and the Development of Intersensory Functioning in Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30196.

Donley, Sarah. "Characterization of Increased Muscle Growth in a Heavy Weight Line of Japanese Quail." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1316455908.

Kellerman, Stephanie, and S. J. Schoeman. "The influence of dietary protein levels on growth curve parameters of quail." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/830.

Pearson, James Todd. "A comparative study of the energetics of avian reproduction /." Title page, summary and table of contents only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php361.pdf.

Vilchez, Niceas Carlos. "Effect of supplemental dietary fat on the reproductive performance of hens of turkey and Japanese quail." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61252.

Reynolds, Gregory Durelle. "Effects of Prenatal Sensory-Evoked Arousal on Postnatal Behavior and Perceptual Responsiveness in Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27556.

Columbus, Rebecca Foushee. "Auditory-Visual System Interactions: Perinatal Visual Experience Affects Auditory Learning and Memory in Bobwhite Quail Chicks (Colinus virginianus)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29226.

McConn, Betty Renee. "Food intake in birds: hypothalamic mechanisms." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95888.

Weigel, Eric Roan. "The effects of induced hypothyroidism on the glucocorticoid stress response in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34190.

Hilliard, Stewart Johnston. "One-trial appetitive conditioning : contexual learning about sexual opportunity /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

Raju, Namitha. "Can Intersensory Redundancy and Social Contingency Enhance Memory in Bobwhite Quail Hatchlings?" FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/811.

Herrington, Joshua A. "Elevated Progesterone In Yolk As a Moderator of Prenatal and Postnatal Auditory Learning in Bobwhite Quail." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1422.

Dalton, M. Nell. "Effects of dietary fats on reproductive performance , egg quality, fatty acid composition of tissuse and Yolk and prostaglandin levels of embryonic tissues in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31400.

Logan, Amanda Lynn. "Satiety induced by neuropeptide FF and gastrin in birds." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83786.

Ophir, Alexander G. Galef Bennett G. "Mate assessment and non-independent mate choice by female Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) /." *McMaster only, 2003.

O'Dowd, Briana. "The Effect of Prenatal Auditory Enrichment on Perceptual Narrowing in Bobwhite Quail Neonates." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1635.

Langen, Esther [Verfasser]. "Transgenerational effects of the social environment in Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica / Esther Langen." Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1169825141/34.

Alejo, Carolina Torres. "Study of the role of quail as reservoirs for avian infectious bronchitis virus." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-29022016-143302/.

Sullivan, Joseph P. "Blood characteristics as predictors of reproductive success in quail species exposed to DDT." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37409.

Yang, Shujin. "Lipolysis and lipogenesis related genes regulation in different laying stages of Japanese quail." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1332166889.

Langen, Esther M. A. [Verfasser]. "Transgenerational effects of the social environment in Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica / Esther Langen." Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1169825141/34.

Casey, Michael Bernard. "Social context affects behavioral responsiveness to maternal alarm calls in Bobwhite quail chicks." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05042010-020137/.

James, Jennifer M. Bautch Victoria L. "Mechanisms and analysis of intraneural blood vessel patterning in the quail neural tube." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2629.

Oaster, Elizabeth A. "Ecology of Mearns' Quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae) in the Capitan Mountains of New Mexico." Thesis, Sul Ross State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13418807.

Within the United States, Mearns' quail ( Cyrtonyx montezumae ) are native to Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. Knowledge regarding Mearns' quail populations in the United States is limited, especially on New Mexico populations. This study was initiated to answer 1) tree canopy cover and vegetation selection, 2) population characteristics, and 3) roost site characteristics of Mearns' quail in New Mexico. Mearns' quail were captured in Lincoln County, New Mexico from May 2015–May 2017. Fifty-six Mearns' quail (32 M, 24 F) were affixed with a Very High Frequency (VHF) or Global Positioning System (GPS) and VHF combination backpack radio transmitter to monitor movements and survival. The 2,510 points collected from 27 (19 M, 8 F) Mearns' quail showed that on a continuous scale, year-round basis, Mearns' quail utilized 30–69% tree canopy cover. During the covey, paired and breeding, and nesting and brooding seasons Mearns' quail selected for 30–39%, 40–59%, and 40–69% tree canopy cover respectively. Mearns' quail selected for litter basal cover (P = 0.018) and bare ground basal cover ( P = 0.032). Annual survival rate of Mearns' quail was calculated at 0.75. The overall male-female ratio was 0.9:1 with annual variations (capture season 1 0.76:1, capture season 2 1.6:1). Juvenile-adult ratios were 2.25:1 with annual variations as well (capture season 1 5:1, capture season 2 0.6:1). In regards to roost site characteristics, Mearns' quail selected for forb basal cover ( P = 0.015) and distance to closest tree 1–3 m in height ( P < 0.001). While visual obstruction ( P = 0.056), grass basal cover ( P = 0.060), litter basal cover ( P = 0.052), and bare ground basal cover (P = 0.051) were not statistically significant, there is biological significance. These results help managers better understand habitat requirements and population characteristics of Mearns' quail in New Mexico.

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Effect of feed supplement containing earthworm meal (Lumbricus rubellus) on production performance of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

2017, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science

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Laying performance and egg quality trait of japanese.

QUAILS (Coturnix coturnix japonica) AS AFFECTED BY DIFFERENT LEVELS OF MORINGA OLEIFERA SEED MEAL

Undergraduate thesis proposal submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Agriculture from the Mariano Marcos State University, Dingras, Ilocos Norte. College Contribution No No.. Prepared under the guidance of Mr. Triel Martin Felix.. Department

DYNA A. CORREA

Introduction.

Background of the Study Japanese quail raising is said to be the business venture of those with limited capital but who look for high returns in a short period. The Japanese quails (Caturnix japonica) locally known as “pugo” is a small and tailless bird that belongs to the order Galliformes, family Phasianidae and subfamily Phasianinae (Karaalp,2009) and found in many parts of Asia. The rapid multiplication capability of these birds makes their meat and eggs readily available for human consumption. The quail meat is lean and the eggs as well as the meat are low in cholesterol. Furthermore, quail meat and eggs are known to be rich in unsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids, vitamins, and essential amino acids. Both quail meat and eggs can be included in the diets of

children, pregnant mothers, geriatric and convalescent patients. Also, there is no known serious quail disease except for some respiratory problems which do not spread quickly and quails are more resistant and less susceptible to bacterial diseases. Since quail are small birds, farmers can raise a lot more of them in the same amount of space as compared to other poultry species. They can be a fantastic egg source for one or two people, or they can supplement other meat sources for larger families. They also mature much faster than chickens so they can be ready to harvest at seven weeks old. Raising quail can provide resource for poor families with meat and eggs. Quails do not request large space and can be kept in backyard either in cages or on floor. Keeping quail also does not require an important investment and presents several advantages in comparison with many other small animals. Indeed, quails are rustic and breed easily. The females are very prolific because they begin laying eggs on average at six weeks and can lay between 250 and 300 eggs a year (Dahouda et., al. 2013) Quails egg is poorer in cholesterol and richer in protein, vitamins and other nutrients compared to hen’s egg. Despite these numerous advantages, one of the constraining factors in quail raising may be its higher feed protein requirement compared to other domestic birds (Shim et., al. 1984). Quails require high quality protein with adequate balance in amino acids in order to grow properly and be productive. Supplementing them with seed meal coming from locally available feedstuff will provide the extra protein that the quails need. One of the locally available feedstuffs that can be utilizes as seed meal is moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam). The relative lack of anti-nutritional

vitamin B complex, vitamin C, pro-vitamin A as beta-carotene, vitamin K, Manganese, and protein among other essential nutrients. Moringa oleifera have antimicrocial roles and rich with fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals. Moringa oleifera can be used as source of macronutrient as a s a dietary supplement in poultry. Moringa oleifera was reported to be an excellent source of vitamins and amino acids that reportedly boost immune system. The seed extracts of moringa are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acid. (Mahfuz, 2019). Thus, the general objective of the study is to determine the laying performance and egg equality traits of quails as affected by different levels of Moringa oleifera seed meal (MOSM). Specifically, this study aims to: 1. determine the effect of MOSM in laying performance of quails. 2. determine the effect of MOSM in egg shell weight, shell thickness and egg shape index of quail’s. 3. determine the effect of MOSM in yolk color, albumen and yolk weight, yolk height and albumen height of quails.

Significance of the Study The research will determine that using Moringa oleifera seed meal in quails has the benefit of improving the egg production and egg quality traits. As a result, this discovery is extremely important in the world of agriculture, particularly for backyard and commercial quail raisers, as well as Moringa oleifera growers. This study will give information regarding the use of different levels of

MOSM and its effect on quail’s laying performance and egg quality. Furthermore, farmers will gain from the dissemination of study results. If proven effective, this will help increase the demand for Malungay or Moringa oleifera and thus, subsequently increase the production of Moringa. Lastly, this work can be used as a reference for future researches who want to look into the same topic.

Scope and Limitations of the Study The study aims to determine the laying performance and quality traits of Japanese quails as affected by different levels of moringa seed meal specifically on its egg production, egg shell weight, shell thickness, egg shape index, yolk color, albumen and yolk weight, yolk height and albumen height The study will focus in the laying performance, egg quality and other parameters. The quails that will be used for the study will be purchased from one farm supply only. Only one variety of moringa seed will be used and will be collected on one location only. Furthermore, the recommended management for quails will be followed and the commercial feed to be used will be of the same brand throughout the duration of the study. The housing and cages will be built on the same area so that the temperature and other environmental factors will be the same.

In Ilocos Norte, quail production is one of the most common sources of income because of its quick financial cycles that lead to quicker returns. However, quail arming providing added opportunity for poultry farmers.

Quail Management Practices Japanese quail respond very quickly to the selection for higher egg weight, produced heavier carcasses and more meat. In cage system, management is very easy and disease or other problems are less. Proper ventilation system and ensure flow of air and light inside their house. Nonetheless, Quail production has a certain specific advantages; it can be used egg production within short period and matures at an early age. (Jatoi et al, 2013). Housing Management. Housing should be design to ensure comfort for the birds, to make food and water readily accessible and to permit easy and effectiveness sanitation. The chicks were housed in multi deck cages placed in one of the well ventilated quail house, under standard management conditions. Fresh and clean drinking water was provided all the times. For every stage in the quail’s life, space requirement varies. (NRC, 1994). Providing too much space will encourage too much movement thereby increasing the risk of injuries. Hence, the following will help guide in determining the space required for quails (Table 1).

‘Table 1. Adequate space allowances for quails. STAGE SPACE Chick stage (1-15 days old) 2 ½” x 2 ½ “ Growing Stage (16-35 days old) 3” x 3” Laying Stage (36 days old & up) 3 ½” x 3 ½”

Brooding. Proper brooding temperatures for young quail are very important. They need supplementary heat after hatching. The brooder space needs to be clean, dry, warm, well-ventilated but not drafty space. Chicks that crowd near the heat source and see, cold indicate the temperature is too low. Measure the temperature at the level of the chicks. Failure to provide adequate heat during the early days of brooding period invariably results in increased mortality. Chicks should be protected from draughts of cold air, especially at night. It is important to provide clean water at all times, water containers or troughs should be cleaned daily (Randall, 2006). The chick needs time to develop temperature control (1 to 4 weeks). As the chick grows older, the downy coat is replaced with feathers, and brooder temperature must be reduced according to the temperature schedule. (Table 2). (Amit, 2019). Table 2. Temperature requirements for Quail. (Amit, 2019). AGE OF CHICK TEMPERATURE 1 week 350 2 week 300 3 week 250 4 to 9 weeks 21-22 0 Other time 210

The characteristic of feeding may influence the consumption rate such as size, volume, and hardness of material (Neves et al., 2014). Other factors that may influenced the feed consumption are included the energy content of the feed, age, feed palatability, and production levels, environment conditions, temperature, activity, and strain of poultry and body weight (Wahju, 2004). According to Maoda et al., 2020 a total of 200 laying quail aged seven weeks were randomly allocated to the following four experimental groups—the control (CNT), T1, T2, and T3 groups; each group comprised 50 quail females with 5 replicates (10 per group). The CNT group was fed a basal diet, whereas the T1, T2, and T3 groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0%, 0%, and 0% M. oleifera seed powder. Water management. Many producers overlook the importance of providing clean, fresh water to their flocks. Water though not considers a nutrient by many producers is the most important nutrient for animals. Like all farm animals, quail need clean water at all times. Water is the most important nutrient for animals. Drinking water must not get too hot or cold, or the birds may refuse to drink. Clean water troughs and replace with fresh water at least once daily. Keep water trough clean of droppings, litter, soil, and other contamination. (Smith, 2019). Light Management. Japanese quail require 14-18 hours of light per day to maintain maximum egg production and fertility. This means that supplementary lightning must be provided in the autumn, summer months to maintain production. (Bolla, 2008).

Layer Management. In managing layers consider the following tips, quails need a lot of fresh and clean water. Whenever possible, maintain flowing water. If not, replace water daily and clean watering trough every day. Massive culling should be done regularly, preferable every quarter. Remove birds with physical defects including those have grown fat, sickly, or are not laying eggs. Due to high protein content of quail feeds, quail manure has high ammonia content that can discomfort to birds if not removed daily. For easy removal of manure, place a receptacle under the cage. Laying quails may be given extra light up to midnight to allow birds to eat all feed in the trough. The quail must reach the beginning of laying with the body formed and weighing more than 160 grams. For this to happen, special care is necessary from the beginning. (Da Silva, 2020). Hygiene and Sanitation: Hygiene and sanitization play a major role in any effective disease control for poultry production. One of the important requirements to facilitate hygiene and sanitation is adoption of the all-in/all-out method. Thus, Effective cleaning and disinfection is an essential component of good hygiene and thus one of the key biosecurity measures for disease control. This should be carried out from time to time to reduce the build- up of pathogenic organisms and a disinfectant known to be affective against a large range of pathogens. Approved disinfectants like chlorine dioxide and peracetic acid for disinfection or sterilization may be used. (Singh, 2020)

Benefits of moringa seed meal in poultry Moringa seed as feed additives in Japanese quail diets could be useful strategy on performance and reproductive egg traits. The present study revealed that feed diets supplemented with 0% moringa oleifera seed during laying period, significantly enhanced egg productivity as well as egg quality traits. Furthermore, the expressions of some ovarian genes significantly improved in correlation to fortified feed diets with 0% or 0% moringa oleifera seed. (Basha et al., 2020) Recent studies indicate that moringa oleifera seed meal (MOSM) had been successfully used in poultry diets to substitute soybean meal. The use Moringa oleifera seed in feeding broilers has been reported. (Munguti et al., 2006.) reported that MOSM supplementation increased metabolisable energy intakes of broiler chickens. When the seed meal is fed to one week old broiler chickens up to a level of 50 g/kg, growth rate, body weight, feed consumption and FCR are improved. Also, moringa seeds contain important amounts of glucosinolates and phytate as well as saponins, bit in a lesser concentration (1%) than in the vegetative fractions. It has the potential as alternative poultry feed resources during dry periods.(Bennett et al., 2003)

Preparation of Moringa Seed Meal The seeds will sun dried, packaged in double layers plastic bags (1 kg moringa seeds/bag) and stored at 4 0 C until use the whole seeds with kernels shells were ground to pass a 1 mm sieve, then packed into doses of 60 g each ( 4 g of

Moringa oleifera seed meal x 15 quail/day and use as feed additive. (Hedainy, Wakeel and Ama, 2020).

Effects of morringa seed meal on poultries Recent studies indicated that moringa seed meal has been successfully used in poultry diets. The effect of moringa oleifera seed on poultry increasedlive body weight,body weight gain, feed consumption and improve feed conversion ratio. (Mousa, et al., 2015). The improved weight gain of birds fed on moringa oleifera seed meal compared to control group maybe due to moringa oleifera seeds are good source of fat, protein, antioxidants and minerals. Supplemented with 0% moringa olifera seed meal had the best feed conversion ratio copared with control and other treatments. This improvement in body weight gain and FCR may be attributed to rich content of nutriets in Moringa oleifera seed and anti-microbial properties (Toye, et al., 2013). Thus, Mousa, et al., 2016 concluded moringa oleifera seed meal (MOSM) at levels of 5, 7 and 10% of the quail diets improved productive performance. Also improved egg quality and otherreprodctive traits and lowered cholesterol levels in the blood.

Use of Moringa Oleifera Seed of Poultry Moringa or malungay has been a backyard garden staple in many Filipino homes because of its nutritional benefits and adaptability to local conditions. Moringa oleifera, the common variety in the Philippines and other tropical regions in Asia, is

albumen and yolk weight. To determine the profitability, the return on investment (ROI) will also be computed.

Figure 1. Interrelationship of the variables of the study. Hypotheses of the Study The following hypotheses are considered based on the conceptual framework made:

• There are significant differences among the effect of laying performance of quails given with MOSM.
• There are significant differences on egg shell weight, shell thickness, and egg shape index of quail using MOSM as feed supplement to quail.
• The yolk color, albumen and yolk weight, yolk and albumen height of quails is significantly affected by MOSM.

METHODOLOGY

Locale of the Study The study will be conducted at Brgy. Saludares, Dingras, Ilocos Norte. This place is chosen because it is a conducive place to raise quail. The area is surrounded with trees which provide good shed and have sufficient source of water and electricity. The area has an abundant supply of moringa oliefera that will be the source in making moringa oliefera seed. The experimental quail chicks will be reared for 14 days. Agriculture is the primary source of income in the area. The area is rich in agricultural products and goods ranging from crops to livestock. Farming is a viable option for a living because of the abundant water supply from nearby bodies of water. The locals are also interested in raising quails. Because of the low capital and quick return on investment, quail raising is very prominent in the area.

Research Design and Treatments A total of 120 heads of Japanese quail chicks will be randomly distributed to three treatments; each treatment replicated four times, and laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) the treatments are as follows: C - Control (pure feeds) T2 Control + 0 percent Moringa Oleifera Seed T3 Control + 0 percent Moringa Oleifera Seed

Incandescent bulbs will be installed as artificial heat for the chicks. Old sacks will be used as curtains to keep strong winds out of the brooding cage, especially at night.

Preparation Moringa Oleifera Seed Meal Seeds will obtained from Moringa Oleifera Lamarck trees cultivated locally in a commenercial farm. The seeds will sun dried, packaged in double layers plastic bags(.5 kg moringa seeds/bags) and stored at 40 C until use. the whole seeds with kernels and shells will be ground to pass a 1 mm sieve, then packed into doses of 60 g each and used as feed additive. The moringa will be purchased from one location. The location is away from any canal or any places over which water flows to avoid any toxicity for the birds. (Hedainy et al., 2020)

Brooding Management The brooder for quail is same as for chicken. Presence of adequate light is highly recommended for desired egg production from quails. Provide artificial light and heat by using electric bulb or heater. Furthermore, old boxes will be utilized as a floor mat to keep the chicks' feet from slipping out between the slats, which will be replaced every three days, and old sacks will be used as curtains to keep strong winds out of the brooding cage. Following treatment and replication, broilers will be placed into their appropriate cages after brooding.

Water Management Water is the most critical nutrient for poultry. Drinking water account for 70- 80 percent of the birds daily needs. Quail will generally consume more water than feed. Clean, fresh water should be provided at all times with a minimum of 0 cm of trough space per quail. Nipple drinkers and cups are suitable for adult quail. Cup should be provided for every 5 birds.

Feeds and Feeding Management After the arrival of quail chicks, From the time the quail chicks arrived until they are two weeks old, they will be fed with chick booster. During the third and fourth weeks, this will be followed by chick starter. When they reach the fifth week or harvest stage, they will be given finisher feeds. For treatment 1, pure commercial feed will be given, for treatment 2, 0 percent of moringaoleifera seed will be given; for treatment 3, 0 percent moringa oleifera and 0 moringa oleifera seed for treatments 4. This is done by mixing the quail starter crumble with the chick finisher mash and different levels of moringa oliefera seed starting on the 1st day of feeding as recommended by Elkhair et., al. (2020).

Health and Sanitation The surrounding of the poultry house will be clean regularly, morning and afternoon. Each day, the feeder and waterers will be properly cleansed to ensure cleanliness and sanitation. In addition, the waste beneath the cage will be collected

• Multiple Choice

Course : Introduction to Agriculture (Agri 10)

University : mariano marcos state university, this is a preview.

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