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Virtually any amount increased the risk for cancer, and there were no heart benefits, the researchers reported.
By Roni Caryn Rabin
Even light drinking was associated with an increase in cancer deaths among older adults in Britain, researchers reported on Monday in a large study. But the risk was accentuated primarily in those who had existing health problems or who lived in low-income areas.
The study, which tracked 135,103 adults aged 60 and older for 12 years, also punctures the long-held belief that light or moderate alcohol consumption is good for the heart.
The researchers found no reduction in heart disease deaths among light or moderate drinkers, regardless of this health or socioeconomic status, when compared with occasional drinkers.
The study defined light drinking as a mean alcohol intake of up to 20 grams a day for men and up to 10 grams daily for women. (In the United States, a standard drink is 14 grams of alcohol .)
“We did not find evidence of a beneficial association between low drinking and mortality,” said Dr. Rosario Ortolá, an assistant professor of preventive medicine and public health at Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and the lead author of the paper, which was published in JAMA Network Open.
On the other hand, she added, alcohol probably raises the risk of cancer “from the first drop.”
The findings add to a mounting body of evidence that is shifting the paradigm in alcohol research. Scientists are turning to new methodologies to analyze the risks and benefits of alcohol consumption in an attempt to correct what some believe were serious flaws in earlier research, which appeared to show that there were benefits to drinking.
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Cincinnati business courier highlights soar mental health study.
The Cincinnati Business Courier highlighted the University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children’s being part of a collaborative research initiative designed to identify the root causes of the ongoing epidemic of persistent emotional distress, suicide and drug overdose in the state of Ohio.
The SOAR Study investigates the role of underlying biological, psychological and social factors. SOAR is studying Ohioans in their local communities, using an integrated “bring science to the people” approach. It is creating a statewide medical research and development ecosystem to drive continued advances in mental health, substance use prevention and treatment interventions.
The SOAR Study has two parallel but connected projects.
Focusing on breadth, the SOAR Wellness Discovery Survey is engaging as many as 15,000 people across all 88 Ohio counties. Researchers want to uncover how strengths and skills may be related to overcoming adversity. Those strengths will inform researchers about which factors to focus on to develop new treatments. This portion is underway, with more than 300,000 postcards mailed out to residents statewide.
Focusing on depth, the SOAR Brain Health Study will comprehensively study as many as 3,600 Ohioans in family groups to examine the biological, psychological and social factors that help explain response to adversity, with longer-term goals of personalizing individual care.
“Better understanding biomarkers of risk and resilience among Cincinnatians is in line with our department’s vision to advance the understanding and treatment of psychiatric disorders,” said Cal Adler, MD, professor, vice chair of research, co-director of the Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, director of the Center for Imaging Research in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience at UC’s College of Medicine and a UC Health physician. “We have already begun to enroll Ohio families and anticipate engaging over 200 participants over the next year.”
Read the Cincinnati Business Courier story.
Read more about the study.
If you are interested in participating in this study, please reach out to the UC study coordinator, Rachel, at 513-558-5319.
If you or someone you know is struggling with thoughts of suicide, call or text the Suicide and Crisis Lifeline at 988.
August 16, 2024
The Cincinnati Business Courier highlighted the University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children’s being part of a collaborative research initiative designed to identify the root causes of the ongoing epidemic of persistent emotional distress, suicide and drug overdose in the state of Ohio.
February 6, 2024
A new University of Cincinnati trial, in partnership with Spark Biomedical, will test a wearable neurostimulation device to help patients with opioid use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder stick with medication treatment while finding the right dose.
October 31, 2023
U.S. News & World Report highlighted recent research led by the University of Cincinnati and Northwell Health that found the drug metformin can help prevent or reduce weight gain in youth taking medication to treat bipolar disorder.
Disclaimer: Early release articles are not considered as final versions. Any changes will be reflected in the online version in the month the article is officially released.
Volume 30, Number 9—September 2024
Thelazia callipaeda eyeworms in american black bear, pennsylvania, usa, 2023.
Suggested citation for this article
We identified a Thelazia callipaeda eyeworm in an American black bear in Pennsylvania, USA, on the basis of its morphological features and molecular analysis. Our finding highlights emergence of a T. callipaeda worm sylvatic transmission cycle in the United States.
Thelaziosis is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by nematodes of the genus Thelazia (Spirurida, Thelazioidea). In the United States, 3 zoonotic species have been identified: Thelazia gulosa ( 1 ), T. californiensis ( 2 ), and most recently T. callipaeda ( 3 ). In Asia and Europe, T. callipaeda is considered the main agent of thelaziosis in humans, domestic animals, and wild animals ( 4 ). Over the past decade, the geographic distribution and prevalence of T. callipaeda infection has increased worldwide in scale and intensity ( 4 ). The first autochthonous case in the United States was reported in 2018 in a domestic dog ( Canis lupus familiaris ) from New York with a history of unilateral epiphora and blepharospasm. Since then, additional cases in domestic dogs and cats have been reported, predominately from the northeastern United States ( 3 , 5 ).
T. callipaeda eyeworms are found in the conjunctival sac and lacrimal duct of the definitive host. They are transmitted when a male zoophilic secretophagous Phortica variegata fly ingests first-stage larvae from the host’s lachrymal secretions. In the vector, the first-stage larvae develop to the infective third-stage larvae in the testes, migrate to the mouthparts, and are transferred to another host during subsequent feeding on lachrymal secretions ( 4 ).
The role of wildlife in the epidemiology and emergence of T. callipaeda eyeworms is not completely known. In Europe, cases of T. callipaeda eyeworm infection have been detected in a wide range of hosts, including wild carnivores, omnivores, and lagomorphs ( 6 , 7 ). Wild canids, particularly red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes ), seem to play a large role in maintaining the sylvatic cycle in thelaziosis-endemic areas of Europe ( 7 ). However, knowledge of the sylvatic transmission cycle of T. callipaeda eyeworms, along with their environmental and anthropogenic factors, remains limited. Considering the emergence of those zoonotic nematodes in non–thelaziosis-endemic areas and the need for more information about their ecology and epidemiology in the United States, we report a case of T. callipaeda eyeworm infection in an American black bear ( Ursus americanus ) and identify a new geographic location of transmission.
In November 2023, an adult, female American black bear was legally harvested in Coolbaugh Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania. During processing of the bear for taxidermy preparation, multiple linear nematodes were observed behind the third eyelid. Nematodes were extracted and submitted for identification. Two additional harvested bears from Monroe and Pike Counties, Pennsylvania, were also reported to have similar ocular nematode infections, but specimens from those bears were not collected.
We identified 9 female and 4 male adult nematodes from the bear as T. callipaeda on the basis of morphologic and morphometric features ( 8 ). The nematodes were characterized by the presence of a cup-shaped buccal capsule and cuticular transverse striations, as well as the location of the vulvar opening anterior to the esophageal-intestinal junction on the female worms ( Figure 1 ). Female nematodes were 1.16–1.46 cm long and 0.36–0.42 mm wide; male worms were 0.82–1.06 cm long and 0.31–0.42 mm wide. The number of transverse cuticular striations ranged from 160 to 400/mm in the cephalic, midbody, and caudal regions.
Figure 2 . Phylogenetic relationship of Thelazia callipaeda isolate from an American black bear in Coolbaugh Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania, USA, 2023 (GenBank accession no. PP739308), and other species of ...
We extracted genomic DNA from a midbody fragment of a female adult worm and amplified, sequenced, and analyzed the partial cytochrome oxidase c subunit I ( cox 1) gene, as previously described ( 2 ). We generated a 623-bp cox 1 sequence (GenBank accession no. PP739308), which showed 99%–100% maximum identity with T . callipaeda sequences available in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis was performed by using the maximum-likelihood method and confirmed the taxonomic identification of T . callipaeda . The isolate clustered with all previous isolates from domestic animals in North America and with some isolates from Europe ( Figure 2 ), indicating circulation of the newly introduced pathogen in wildlife habitats and transmission from domestic animals to wildlife.
The presence of adult T. callipaeda eyeworms in an American black bear suggests the establishment of a sylvatic transmission cycle in the United States and expansion of the number of definitive host species used by the zoonotic nematode. In the past decade, wild carnivores have been identified as primary definitive hosts associated with the sylvatic cycle in thelaziosis- endemic and non–thelaziosis-endemic areas of Europe and Asia ( 7 ). American black bears are the most widely distributed species of bear in North America, inhabiting diverse regions throughout Mexico, Canada, and the United States ( 9 ). Given the bears’ extensive geographic distribution and frequent and close interaction with humans and pets ( 10 ), thelaziosis in the black bear population raises concerns about the rapidly increasing incidence and geographic range of T. callipaeda eyeworms in the United States. Although further research into the extent to which black bears play a role in the maintenance of the sylvatic cycle and transmission of T. callipaeda eyeworms is needed, the presence of the zoonotic nematode in such a wide range of hosts implicates exposure and risk for transmission to threatened and endangered species and direct or indirect risk for transmission to humans and domestic animals.
Dr. Sobotyk is an assistant professor of clinical parasitology and director of the Clinical Parasitology Laboratory at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. Her research focuses on zoonotic helminth infections in domestic and wild animals and improvement and development of diagnostic techniques for detecting parasitic infections of veterinary and public health relevance.
We thank the Pennsylvania Game Commission and Dillon Gruver for their continued support. We also acknowledge Shawn Lamparter’s Wildlife Design for recognition and prompting submission of the specimens.
Suggested citation for this article : Sobotyk C, Dietrich J, Verocai GG, Maxwell L, Niedringhaus K. Thelazia callipaeda eyeworms in American black bear, Pennsylvania, USA, 2023. Emerg Infect Dis. 2024 Sep [date cited]. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3009.240679
DOI: 10.3201/eid3009.240679
Original Publication Date: August 14, 2024
Table of Contents – Volume 30, Number 9—September 2024
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Please use the form below to submit correspondence to the authors or contact them at the following address:
Caroline. Sobotyk, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital, Rm 4034, 3900 Delancey St, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6051, USA
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What is the altmetric attention score.
The Altmetric Attention Score for a research output provides an indicator of the amount of attention that it has received. The score is derived from an automated algorithm, and represents a weighted count of the amount of attention Altmetric picked up for a research output.
The number of sexual assaults in the U.S. military is likely two to four times higher than government estimates, according to a new study out of Brown University.
The study, completed by the Costs of War Project at Brown University’s Watson Institute, compared Defense Department data on sexual assaults with data that was not from the DOD to estimate sexual assault figures in the military since 2001.
“During and beyond the 20 years of the post-9/11 wars, independent data suggest that actual sexual assault prevalence is two to four times higher than DoD estimations — 75,569 cases in 2021 and 73,695 cases in 2023,” the authors wrote in the report , which was released Wednesday.
Defense Department figures estimate that there were approximately 35,900 cases in 2021 and around 29,000 military personnel assaulted in 2023, the study said.
The Brown report said that independent studies show higher estimates of the number of active-duty service members experiencing sexual assault, and it compared those studies with Defense Department numbers.
“This report highlights a middle range — two to four times higher than DoD estimates — as likely providing the most accurate numbers,” it said.
A Defense Department spokesperson said it would "be inappropriate to comment on the methodology of studies not conducted by the Department."
"The department continues our sustained progress to build strong command climates and prevent sexual assault, assist sexual assault survivors with recovery, and hold alleged offenders appropriately accountable," the spokesperson added. "Sexual violence will not be tolerated, condoned, or ignored within our ranks. Everything we are doing in this space is focused on helping us make lasting, meaningful change."
Among those mentioned in the report is Vanessa Guillén, a soldier at Fort Hood (now Fort Cavazos), Texas, who had reported sexual harassment at the base and who officials say was later killed by another soldier, Spc. Aaron Robinson.
Guillén’s April 2020 killing sparked calls for military reform and, in 2022, Congress passed the “I Am Vanessa Guillén Act” that changed the way the military handles sexual abuse-related investigations and allegations.
Another soldier at Fort Hood, Elder Fernandes, died by suicide in 2020 after experiencing what the Army said was "abusive sexual contact."
The Costs of War Project report comes a year after a Pentagon report found that reports of sexual assault at the nation’s three military academies rose more than 18% from 2021 to 2022, hitting a new high.
A 2021 Congressional Research Service report said there was some evidence that a majority of sexual offenses in the military are not being reported.
The I am Vanessa Guillén Act removed military commanders from the equation when it comes to sexual assault investigations and puts the investigation in the hands of independent prosecutors.
The Costs of War Project report calls that change "the largest change to the UCMJ since the military created its own legal system in 1950," referring to the Uniform Code of Military Justice.
The report faults the U.S. wars in Iraq and Afghanistan following the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, as putting the long-standing issue of sexual assault, racism and other discrimination secondary to force readiness.
"In the Secretary of the Army’s own words, going to war has prevented the military from institutionally reckoning with its shameful longstanding epidemic of sexual assault," the authors wrote.
Phil Helsel is a reporter for NBC News.
Courtney Kube is a correspondent covering national security and the military for the NBC News Investigative Unit.
COMMENTS
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This quick guide will help you identify the common elements and basic format of a research report at the University of Melbourne.
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Conclude the executive summary in a similar fashion to the overall study conclusion. Sidebar: Tips and Tricks for the CSR Writing Process. · Create all headings and/or multilevel lists before you start writing. · Request a "soft" database extract and a pre-run of the TLFs.
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The study, which tracked 135,103 adults aged 60 and older for 12 years, also punctures the long-held belief that light or moderate alcohol consumption is good for the heart.
The study, published in BMC Biology, is the first to successfully edit genomes in Nile grass rats. As diurnal rodents, Nile grass rats have similar sleep/awake patterns to humans which could be advantageous in preclinical or translational research.
Global Gamer Study Explore the global gamer audiences across all dimensions with the largest gamer research study. Game Health Tracker Track brand health and purchase funnel data over time for hundreds of PC and console games. Custom Gamer Research Get answers to your most critical questions with research tailored to your business and products.
UC, Children's join $20 million statewide research effort August 16, 2024. The Cincinnati Business Courier highlighted the University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's being part of a collaborative research initiative designed to identify the root causes of the ongoing epidemic of persistent emotional distress, suicide and drug overdose in the state of Ohio.
Research Letter Thelazia callipaeda Eyeworms in American Black Bear, Pennsylvania, USA, 2023 ... we report a case of T. callipaeda eyeworm infection in an American black bear (Ursus americanus) and identify a new geographic location of transmission. The Study.
Alcohol's healthy halo dims as study finds drinking may be harmful for older adults, even at low levels
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This handout provides a general guide to writing reports about scientific research you've performed. In addition to describing the conventional rules about the format and content of a lab report, we'll also attempt to convey why these rules exist, so you'll get a clearer, more dependable idea of how to approach this writing situation ...
The number of sexual assaults in the U.S. military is likely two to four times higher than government estimates, according to a new study.