wireless communication system essay

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THE INSTITUTE Fifth-generation wireless technology is causing a lot of excitement in the telecommunications industry, and differences of opinions. Some see 5G as the next evolution in wireless data communications, promising higher bandwidth and data rates, with significantly fewer transmission delays. Others, however, say the technology will be revolutionary, enabling a host of new applications including humanoid robots , connected cars, and the Internet of Things, with its billions of devices laden with embedded sensors.

Wireless carriers have started building 5G networks even though issues—like defining standards to ensure interoperability and outlining security requirements—are still being worked out. How the first 5G networks, expected to debut in 2020, will be built is important because of the effect they will have on cellular-based businesses and multimedia services.

Concerned that vital issues aren’t being addressed, the IEEE Future Directions Committee , the organization’s R&D arm, in December launched the IEEE 5G Initiative . Its purpose is to engage industry, government, and academia to work together and lay the foundation so that the opportunities envisioned for 5G can be realized. The initiative is run by a steering committee and organized by working groups that cover education, events, publications, standards, and other areas. The IEEE Standards Association and 16 IEEE societies and organizational units are participating.

“IEEE has a special role to play because it’s a neutral organization,” says IEEE Fellow Gerhard Fettweis, the initiative’s cochair. “IEEE can collect ideas and feedback about 5G from operators, researchers, and government regulators to understand the different proposals in the works, identify any problems, and propose solutions.” Fettweis is a professor at Technische Universität in Dresden, Germany, and a senior research scientist with the International Computer Science Institute, an independent nonprofit in Berkeley, Calif.

“IEEE is in a unique position to collect input from around the world and contribute to the whole 5G ecosystem,” adds Fettweis’s cochair, IEEE Senior Member Ashutosh Dutta. “That’s because among its societies and regions are members who are experts in signal processing, network communication, software engineering , antennas, and other related technologies covering all layers of a communication system. It’s a true global initiative.” Dutta is a lead member of the AT&T technical staff in Middletown, N.J.

NEW NETWORKS

Throughout the history of mobile communications, data speeds have jumped incrementally within each generation of the network. That will be the case with 5G as well, but much more is expected of it, including improved performance, capacity, and speed, and a network that operates the world over, no matter where or from which device a user connects.

Carriers will be working to reduce delays in transmission time. The 5G latency is expected to be less than 1 millisecond; 4G networks have a latency of 25 milliseconds. (Latency is the amount of time it takes for a packet of data to get from one forwarding point to another.) Low latency is particularly important for such applications as self-driving cars and robot-aided surgeries, where the slightest delay in transmission time could mean life or death.

But simply updating hardware and software with the latest technologies won’t be enough. The new networks will need to handle billions of devices expected from the Internet of Things and other new applications. It must provide connections that are 100 times faster than current network speeds.

That’s where software-defined networks (SDNs) and network functions virtualization (NFV) fit in. They support the flexibility and dynamics of the growing number of advanced terminals and intelligent machines at the networks’ edges. SDNs can provide improved speeds and lower latency while eliminating bottlenecks.

SDNs decouple hardware (that, say, forwards IP packets) from software (the control plane that carries signaling traffic for routing through network devices). Software is executed not necessarily in the equipment but maybe in the cloud or in clusters of distributed servers. That means networks could be built and reconfigured centrally in an automated fashion, rather than having network managers hop from device to device to make changes manually, according to Dutta.

NFV is often paired with SDNs. The concept uses CPU and resource virtualization and other cloud-computing technologies such as orchestration, network slicing, and mobile edge computing to migrate network functions from dedicated hardware to virtual machines running on general-purpose hardware. NFV can boost speed, flexibility, and efficiency when deployed with the new services expected to be ushered in by 5G. Components can be upgraded to accommodate a service provider’s needs.

SPREADING THE WORD

To help people get a better understanding of 5G and its capabilities as well as uncover issues and concerns, IEEE has been holding summits around the world since 2015. Events have been held in Canada, China, Denmark, Germany, India, and the United States. More are scheduled this year in Finland, Jamaica, Japan, Morocco, Portugal, and elsewhere. At the 5G summits, which are open to anyone, experts discuss topics such as applications for smart cities, bandwidth limitations, network architecture, management challenges, and the need for standards.

“We are working with each IEEE region and section to bring these summits to their doorsteps,” Dutta says. “Each country has different wireless spectrums and resource allocations.”

The IEEE 5G Initiative is developing a road map to help carriers, network operators, service providers, and others find the best path forward. The initiative aims to identify trends in innovation and technology, as well as report on research being conducted in areas such as application services, millimeter waves, the mobile edge cloud, and security.

“Developed in conjunction with the initiative’s working groups, the road map will be a living document with a clear set of accountable recommendations that will be updated annually,” Fettweis says.

STANDARDS are A MUST

Companies including Cisco and Ericsson have already unveiled NFV infrastructures for 5G SDNs and the IoT. South Korea hopes to introduce 5G services in time for the 2018 Winter Olympics there, and the European Union wants 5G mobile broadband to be available around all its major roads and rail links by 2025.

The dilemma with those projects is that 5G standards have yet to be developed. Se veral standards bodies are working to create them, but Dutta says he fears they might overlook some fundamentals.

“They are focused on developing the architecture and the requirements but not on such things as the under­lying technology aspects,” he says.

IEEE is well-positioned to develop 5G standards, according to Konstantinos Karachalios, managing director of the IEEE Standards Association, in Piscataway, N.J. Nearly all wireless communications, he notes, go through the IEEE 802 suite of standards —which includes Ethernet and Wi-Fi, the universal enablers of wireless and localized Internet access.

“The IEEE 802 ecosystem will play a central role in the next generation of connectivity,” Karachalios says. “This technology has an impact across most of IEEE’s technical societies and standards activities.

“IEEE wants to work together with other groups to develop a vision for how it can help connect the unconnected and improve the connection for those who already have one.”

One technology the initiative is looking at, he says, is so-called frugal 5G, which “will help those who are still using 3G technologies to transition toward the next generation of telecommunications in an effective, interoperable, and standardized way that enables greater innovation. We are also addressing the impact of 5G technology based on regional needs and requirements.

“We welcome others to join us to solve some of the regulatory, technological, economic, and consumer hurdles associated with making 5G happen,” Karachalios says.

For more information on the IEEE 5G Initiative and how to participate, email Harold Tepper, IEEE Future Directions senior program director: [email protected] .

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Introduction to Wireless Communications and Networks

A Practical Perspective

• © 2022
• Krishnamurthy Raghunandan 0

Metropolitan Transit Authority, New York City Transit, Holmdel, USA

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• Presents the foundations of physics and mathematics to help readers understand the basics of wireless communications
• Explains the principles of radio by relating to the familiars such as light, sound and electric shock
• Includes a full suite of classroom materials including PowerPoints, a solutions manual and tutorials
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Wireless Networks

Trends and Challenges of the Emerging Wireless Networks

• Cell phone industry
• RF and Microwave systems
• Wireless standards
• Satellite communication
• Radiation health
• Broadband networks
• Radio and TV
• Telecomm regulations
• Cellular security
• Wireless deployments

Table of contents (19 chapters)

Front matter, introduction.

Krishnamurthy Raghunandan

Background to Wireless

Wireless systems—technologies, backhaul network, wireless standards and national licenses, security and personal devices, public policy, health, and safety, engineering economics, wireless technology and impact on society, tracking, monitoring, and proximity usage, cellular systems, wireless lan (local area network), satellite communication, microwave and millimeter-wave links, vehicular technology, supervisory control and data acquisition (scada), antennas, transmission lines, matching networks, radar for a better society, radio frequency measurements, authors and affiliations, about the author.

Krishnamurthy Raghunandan  has been a Technical Lead for the IEEE Communication Society’s WCET exam. He is also a Professional Engineer licensed in the state of New York. He holds a Master’s in Electrical Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, and conducted research on satellite communication receiving M.Phil at the University of Surrey, England. Since 2004, he has been a Project Engineer responsible for introducing the latest wireless technologies into subway systems and buses at New York City Transit. From 1993 to 2004, he worked at AT&T / Lucent Bell Laboratory, Holmdel, New Jersey, developing and testing cellular handsets (evaluation in lab and field trials), was a Team Leader for 3GPP standards RAN (Radio Access Network) and was a Bell Labs field representative developing new products and networks for customers. During 1977-87 he worked in Indian Space Research Organization working on launch vehicles and satellite checkout systems. He has published numerous papers with IEEE.

Bibliographic Information

Book Title : Introduction to Wireless Communications and Networks

Book Subtitle : A Practical Perspective

Authors : Krishnamurthy Raghunandan

Series Title : Textbooks in Telecommunication Engineering

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92188-0

Publisher : Springer Cham

eBook Packages : Engineering , Engineering (R0)

Copyright Information : Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022

Hardcover ISBN : 978-3-030-92187-3 Published: 01 April 2022

Softcover ISBN : 978-3-030-92190-3 Published: 02 April 2023

eBook ISBN : 978-3-030-92188-0 Published: 31 March 2022

Series ISSN : 2524-4345

Series E-ISSN : 2524-4353

Edition Number : 1

Number of Pages : XXI, 459

Number of Illustrations : 46 b/w illustrations, 228 illustrations in colour

Topics : Communications Engineering, Networks , Computer Communication Networks , Microwaves, RF and Optical Engineering , Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation

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Wireless Communication: Applications, Challenges and Opportunities

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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section " Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering ".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 February 2024) | Viewed by 1031

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Dear Colleagues,

Wireless and mobile communications have played a transformative role in recent decades. The rapid pace of technological innovation in these areas has allowed the realization of scenarios that were deemed impossible just a few years ago. As we move forward, however, a plethora of captivating challenges and opportunities emerge. These challenges call for the ingenious integration of emerging technologies, encompassing machine learning, satellites and other non-terrestrial platforms, extremely-high-frequency bands, efficient resource allocation strategies, and IC manufacturing of communication components, to meet the ever-increasing bandwidth requirement and the SDG goals set forth by the United Nations. This Special Issue invites scholars and practitioners to contribute their ideas and research findings that address these challenges and open up new opportunities.

This Special Issue seeks to publish original, high-quality research papers spanning diverse areas, including, but not limited to, the following topics:

• AI and machine learning for wireless and mobile communications.
• Wireless sensor networks and Internet of Things.
• Cyber security measures for wireless networks.
• Novel applications in the realm of wireless and mobile communications.
• Latency mitigation in mission-critical applications.
• Eco-friendly wireless and mobile communications.
• Cloud and edge computing for advancing wireless and mobile communications.
• Integration strategies for terrestrial and non-terrestrial communication platforms.
• Efficient radio resource allocation strategies to achieve distinct performance objectives.
• Evolutionary pathways and orchestration techniques for diverse wireless and mobile communication methods.

Prof. Dr. Hwang-Cheng Wang Guest Editor

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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science > Signal Processing

Title: securing fc-ris and uav empowered multiuser communications against a randomly flying eavesdropper.

Abstract: This paper investigates a wireless network consisting of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) base station (BS), a fully-connected reconfigurable intelligent surface (FC-RIS), and multiple users, where the downlink signal can simultaneously be captured by an aerial eavesdropper at a random location. To improve the physical-layer security (PLS) of the considered downlink multiuser communications, we propose the fully-connected reconfigurable intelligent surface aided round-robin scheduling (FCR-RS) and the FC-RIS and ground channel state information (CSI) aided proportional fair scheduling (FCR-GCSI-PFS) schemes. Thereafter, we derive closed-form expressions of the zero secrecy rate probability (ZSRP). Numerical results not only validate the closed-form ZSRP analysis, but also verify that the proposed GCSI-PFS scheme obtains the same performance gain as the full-CSI-aided PFS in FC-RIS-aided communications. Furthermore, optimizing the hovering altitude remarkably enhances the PLS of the FC-RIS and UAV empowered multiuser communications.

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ISWCS 2024 - International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems - The aim of this symposium is to provide a forum for researchers and technologists to present new ideas and contributions in the form of technical papers, panel discussions, as well as real-world evaluation in the field of wireless communications, networking and signal processing.