Guide to Research Methods
About the guide
This guide will
- Introduce you to a range of research methods
- Help you think about the value and limitations of different research methods
- Identify when to use alternative research methods
You should use the guide
- After or while you establish your research questions (See the Guide to Research Questions )
- When you are completing your Research Design Framework
- When you are thinking about who you want to talk to and why (See the Guide to Sampling )
You should print or read this guide
These slides are set up so that they can be printed back to back (two/four sided) to give:
- A short hand overview about when to use each method
- A summary of the method, what it’s good for and limitations (linking to other slides in this pack)
Choosing research methods
When you need to think about which method is best in theory and in practice
Choosing Research Methods
Providing a rationale for the methods you choose to use and how you employ them.
- What are your research goals? If you are looking to influence experts or policy makers, quantitative approaches will add weight to your findings. If you are looking to understand problems, inform innovation or develop a prototype, look at qualitative methods or user research
- What are your research questions? If they begin with ‘explore’ or ‘what’ look at qualitative methods (talking). If they begin with ‘identify’ or ‘why’ look at quantitative (see guide to research questions )
- What research traditions exist? You may choose to follow or challenge them. Think about whether you want your research to be noted for its quality and robustness or creative approach and unique insights
- What are your/your teams skills? You may not be an expert in the most appropriate method so consider asking for other team members or commissioning out research
- Who are you research participants? Think about your relationship to participants (especially if you are doing qualitative research) and how they will respond to you and the method. Consider if they are often consulted or surveyed and whether if could be helpful or unhelpful to stick with their comfort zone or not.
Using online tools
When you need to decide which tools to use for research
What to think about when choosing a tool to conduct research
- What’s the cost to the research quality ? Most tools are ‘freemium’, use a basic version for free. BUT these are designed to annoy you to pay to do good research. Consider privacy settings, data access, storage and value for money. Survey tools will have no option to filter participants (if yes/no answer this q), a 10Q limit, no branding. Mapping/visualisations are published online and open source tools aren’t always user friendly
- Start with user needs, understand the context and think about everyone. Consider what technology they have, how they will access the tool and what they need to do this. Do they have internet, data, time?
- Be creative: Online tools may not be designed for research, but Google Forms, Trello, Workflowy and Slack are all valuable collaboration tools. Twitter and Facebook polls may increase participation in research. However, think about what they are missing, what they can’t do and pilot your analysis approach first
- See what’s out there: This online sheet of Applied Social Research Guides and Resources includes a list of online tools for research and evaluation to test. Those widely used for your research method or sector are likely to be the best starting point. Some tools allow you to do research (see Tags for Twitter data capture), analyse it or present it in new ways (see Raw Graph s for data visualisation)
Contents: Methods summary
- Structured Interviews : When you want to gain a broad range of perspectives about specific questions
- Semi-Structured Interviews : When you want to gain in-depth insights about broad questions
- Unstructured Interviews : When you want to gain in-depth insights about a complex research topics
- Telephone Interviews : A tool for when you want to interview people quickly and easily
- Guerilla Interviews : When you want to carry out user research or explore general perspectives quickly
- Contextual Interviews : When you want to understand actions and particular experiences indepth and in context
- Focus Groups : When you want to understand shared experiences and different perspectives
- Participant Observation : When you want to ‘learn by doing’ or observe social interactions and behaviour
- Ethnography : When you want to experience social practices, interactions and behaviour with minimal influence
- Surveys: When you want to generate numerical data about the scale of people’s opinions and feelings
- Mixed Methods: When one method cannot fully answer your main research question
- User Research : When you want to learn about the behaviours and motivations of your target audience
- Service Design Research : When you want to design a service to meet people’s needs.
- Content Analysis : When you want to understand public discourse through secondary or online data
- Workshops : When you want to engage stakeholders in research, generate ideas or codesign solutions
- Usability tests : When you want to test prototypes or learn about problems with an existing service
Find out more
How to do good…
- Applied social research: A curated online sheet of Applied Social Research Guides and Resources
- Surveys : Guide to creating questions here and here , build on existing data/questions , analysis guide
- Interviews : A nice overview here which includes how to structure an interview
- User research : The GDS for intro guides and DisAmbiguity blog
- Service design: This is Service Design Doing has great tools and formats for workshops
Inspiration for emerging research methods and creative formats for research
- Ethnography and mixed methods presented well: Ikea At Home Report
- User mapping techniques as a social research method NPC Report
- User Research to understand domestic abuse experiences and the potential for technology Tech Vs Abuse
- Using Twitter data for social research Demos
- Data visualisation as a tool for research communication - Nesta data visualisation and Women’s Aid Map
- Data journalism and data storytelling - Guardian reading the riots
- An online games to shift perspective on a social problem - Financial Times Uber Story
- Content analysis to map trends - Nesta analysed creative skills in job adverts
- Issue mapping online - networks of websites and people on Twitter - Warwick University Issue Mapping
Structured Interviews
When you want to gain a broad range of perspectives about specific questions
Also consider
Semi-structured interviews
A conversation with a set structure (a script of fixed questions) and specific purpose. Can be a method to undertake a survey or called a ‘directed’ interview.
- Asking standardised questions across many participants makes data easier to analyse and compare
- Giving participants a clear guide about what you want to learn from them
- Topics that would be too complex to capture in a questionnaire tick box/short response
- Respondents with limited time, who want to consider responses in advance or do not want to write
- The quality of the interview is less dependent on the interviewer and their rapport with the interviewee
Limitations (and how to avoid or what to consider instead)
- The structure prevents participants from bringing in other ideas (consider semi-structured interviews )
- Whilst quicker to conduct and analyse than semi-structured interviews, they are still resource intensive and only possible to do with limited numbers of people (consider questionnaires online - see surveys )
Semi-Structured Interviews
When you want to gain in-depth insights about broad questions
Participant Observation
User research
Focus groups
Semi-Structured interviews
Conversation with a structure (set of open questions) and clear purpose. Also called directed interviews.
- Exploring a range of perspectives on research questions, engaging experts and getting buy-in to research
- Gaining in-depth insights about how people feel or interpret complex issues
- Topics which are sensitive, difficult to express in writing or to articulate views about in a survey
- Allowing participants to respond in their words, framing what they see as important
Limitations
- Quality can depend on interviewer skills and put people on the spot (consider setting topics in advance)
- The set-up affects the quality of engagement and discussion (consider location, relationship with the interviewee and whether you should do a face to face or Telephone/Online interview )
- Time consuming to do, analyse and compare (consider Structured Interviews or Focus groups )
- Can lack validity as evidence (consider Surveys )
- Explore what people say, think and remember, not what they actually do (consider Participant Observation contextual interviews or User Research ) or shared perspectives (consider Focus groups )
- Easy to provide too much structure and prevent open exploration of a topic (see unstructured interviews )
Unstructured Interviews
When you want to gain in-depth insights about a complex research topics
Contextual interviews
Unstructured interviews
A loosely structured open conversation guided by research topics (also called non-directed interviews)
- Very exploratory research and broad research questions
- Letting the participant guide the interview according to their priorities and views
- In-depth and broad discussion about a person's expertise, experiences and opinions
- Participant can feel like the they are not saying the ‘right’ thing (explain technique and rationale well)
- Whilst useful for expert interviews, an unstructured approach can give the impression that the interviewer is unprepared, lacks knowledge or the research purpose is unclear (consider semi-structured interviews )
- Interviews are longer, resource intensive and only smaller numbers are possible (consider focus groups )
- Generates in-depth insights that are difficult to analyse and compare
- A lack of structure can encourage participants to focus in-depth on one thing they are positive about or know very well in-depth (consider using desk research to inform the interview topics)
Guerilla Interviews
When you want to carry out user research or explore general perspectives quickly and easily
An ‘impromptu’ approach to interviewing, often talking to real people on the street or at a key site
- Gaining immediate responses to a tool or design and insights into a problem
- Informal method means participants can be more relaxed and open
- Speaking to a lot of people, simply, quickly and cheaply about one key question
- User research and user experience of interacting with digital products
- Speaking to people for convenience (users are available in a single place and time) introduces sample bias (but you can add more targeting and profiling of participants, see the Guide to Sampling )
- The lack of formal structure can mean that you miss important questions or insights
- Findings are often unreliable and not generalisable because they rely on a single type of user
- Difficult to understand complexity or gain contextual insights
Telephone / online interviews
A tool for when you want to interview people quickly and easily
Telephone or Online interviews
A tool to conduct an interview (it is not a method in itself) which is not in person/ face to face
- Conducting interviews without the costs of travel and meeting time (often shorter)
- Expert and stakeholder interviews, when you already know the participant well or they are short of time
- Taking notes and looking up information whilst interviewing is less disruptive than in person, easy to record
- Sending informed consent information and interview questions in advance
- Can be difficult to undertake an engaging interview (hard to build rapport on the phone)
- Often need to be shorter and put alongside other meetings
What method are you using?
- Structured interviews : When you want to gain a broad range of perspectives about specific questions
- Semi-structured interviews : When you want to gain in-depth insights about broad questions
- Unstructured interviews : When you want to gain in-depth insights about a complex research topics
Further guides to Interviews : A nice overview here , including how to structure an interview
Contextual Interview
When you want to understand actions and particular experiences in-depth and in context
Ethnography
Interviews conducted with people in a situational context relevant to the research question; also known as contextual inquiry.
- Understanding what happens, experiences and emotions whilst interacting with a tool, service or event.
- Easier for research participants to show rather than explain, participants are active and engaged
- Uncover what happens, what people do, how they behave in the moment, rather than how they remember this and give meaning to these responses later.
- Open and flexible method giving depth of insights about a tool or specific interaction
- Time and resource intensive for the researcher
- Each context is unique - making it difficult to generalise from or to answer broader research questions about experiences (consider semi-structured interviews )
- The researcher influences the interactions and events (consider ethnography or participant observation )
When you want to understand shared experiences and different perspectives
Focus Groups
An organised discussion with a group of participants, led by a facilitator around a few key topics
- Gaining several perspectives about the same topic quickly
- Research contexts and topics where familiarity between participants can generate discussion about similar experiences (or different ones) which may not arise in a one to one interview
- When attitudes, feelings and beliefs are more likely to be revealed in social gathering and interactions
- Including tasks and creative methods to elicit views (e.g. shared ranking of importance of statements)
- Difficult to identify the individual view from the group view (consider semi-structured interviews )
- Group dynamics will affect the conversation focus and participation levels of different members
- The role of the moderator is very significant. Good levels of group leadership and interpersonal skill are required to moderate a group successfully.
- The group set-up is an ‘artificial’ social setting and discussion (consider Participant Observation )
Participant observation
When you want to ‘learn by doing’ and observe social interactions and behaviour
Participant observation/ shadowing
The researcher immerses themselves in lives of participants as an ‘observer’ of their behaviours, practices and interactions. A type of ethnography. The people being observed know about the research.
- Understanding everyday behaviours, interactions and practice in the context that they occur
- Gaining an intuitive understanding of what happens in practice and what this means for those involved
- Allowing research participants to show you what they do, when they can’t describe and remember this well
- Establishing topics for further investigation through more structured or focused research methods
- If explicit (shadowing for example) the research situation is still ‘artificial’
- Your audience may not respect it and can be difficult to generalise from (consider mixed methods)
- The quality of the data is dependent on the researchers’ skills and relationships with participants
When you want to experience social practices, interactions and behaviour with minimal influence on what happens
The systematic study of a group of people or cultures to understand behaviours and interactions. The researcher becomes an ‘insider’. It is a way of presenting research findings, as well as a method, which can include participant observation, document analysis and visual methods.
- When you need to be an ‘insider’ to fully access the research context (such as organisational cultures)
- Presenting how everyday behaviours, interactions and practice occur in context
- Gaining an in-depth knowledge of your research context, participants and social relationships
- When little is known about a research context or topic
- If covert (at a conference or workplace for example) it has implications for informed consent
- If explicit (shadowing for example) the researcher’s presence can affect the interactions and findings
Example use case : Ikea At Home research study to understand how people feel about their home
When you want to generate numerical data about the scale of people’s opinions and feelings
Mixed Methods
A process of systematically collecting information from a large number of different people. Responses are summarised as statistics (online surveys automate this analysis for you).
- Targeting specific types of research participant and providing data about their views
- If designed well, they can be quick, simple and non intrusive for research participants
- Findings can have more credibility than other methods because of their breadth
- Describing, measuring and understanding (a basic questionnaire)
- Statistical analysis, modelling cause and effect (large scale survey designed to represent the population)
- Can raise more questions about what happens and why, lack depth of insight (consider mixed methods )
- Hard to design well and require a lot of time upfront and data skills to analyse the results
- Low completion rates and people feel ‘over surveyed’ (consider incentives )
- Assumes people will be honest and sufficiently aware of the research context to provide credible answers.
Further information: A great guide to creating questions here and here , build on existing data/questions here
When one research method cannot fully answer your main research question
Mixed methods
Combining different methods to answer your research questions, can be a mix of quantitative or qualitative methods or both. It may mean working with different types of data, research designs or being part of a research team (covering different research disciplines)
- Overcoming the limitation of relying on a single research method or approach
- Triangulating findings (i.e. using an additional method) can give them more validity
- Accessing different types of research participants
- A more holistic understanding about how, why and the extent to which something happens
- Answering different types of research questions about frequency and perceptions
- Giving findings more validity and influence because of the range of data and insights
- Requires a broader range of skills and more time to deliver, analyse and report on
- Research design must have strong sequencing (when each method is used and analysed , why) to make the most of a mixed methods approach - not always possible in a tight timescale or short research project
User Research
When you want to learn about people’s needs, behaviours and motivations for using a service
Service Design
S emi-Structured Interviews
Usability testing
A research approach employed to understand users and their needs, motivations and behaviours, primarily to inform service design.
- User-centered design processes which look to ensure services meet the needs of their audience
- Gaining specific insights into how a person interacts with a digital tool or service
- Exploring general needs, behaviours and motivations for a specific target group using a range of services
- Focus on a tool or service can prevent wider analysis, relevance and applicability
- Research can lack credibility due to small numbers, set up, documentation (often highly specific focus)
- Can overlook those who do not use a service for a whole range of reasons
What method?
- User research involves any method which looks at who users are, the problems they face, what they are trying to do and how they use existing services. This can create user personas, user journeys and user experience maps. It largely includes qualitative research methods.
When you want to design a service to meet people’s needs, including planning, organising, infrastructure, communication and components)
A research approach employed in the activity of planning and organising of people, infrastructure, communication and material components of a service, in order to improve quality and interaction.
- Gaining a holistic picture of all components (infrastructure, people, organisations, culture) affecting how a person interacts with a service
- Service design often begins with user research but participants in research include all those involved in delivering (not just using) a service, such as employees and stakeholders in an organisation as well as looking at the context and system which affect how a service works and its effectiveness
Content analysis
When you want to understand public discourse through secondary or online data
A systematic process of classifying and interpreting documents, text or images to analyse key discourses (their meaning) or to quantify patterns (such as word frequencies). This can be done manually or it can be automated.
- Exploring the focus of messages, text or imagery and change over time
- Secondary data sources, such as archives, online social media data (such as Tweets) and news articles
- Gaining a qualitative or quantitative insights about key messages
- Focuses on public and documented interpretations of events and experiences
- Documents are not exhaustive and not all are accessible (or available online/freely)
- Qualitative coding is time intensive to manually classify, reliant on researcher interpretation
- Automated coding for key words can miss nuances and difficult to produce meaningful findings
When you want to engage stakeholders in research, generate ideas or codesign solutions
Also consider:
A tool to undertake research. It is an interactive session, often taking a full day, in which research participants sor stakeholders work intensively on an issue or question. The process can combine elements of qualitative research, brainstorming or problem solving.
- Engaging stakeholders - building empathy with and understanding of research findings
- Understanding problems or prototyping solutions, linked to user research and service design approaches
- Participatory research, allowing participants to shape agendas and outcomes
- Creative, collaborative and engaging activities to build rapport and understanding with participants
- Participatory design, enabling participants to co-design solutions which work for them
- Highly dependent on the right people attending and the facilitation skills
- Can be a lot of time and effort to coordinate a workshop effectively and analyse findings
- The immersive and collaborative environment makes it difficult to document effectively
- Collaborative solutions may duplicate existing problems or solutions
When you want to test prototypes or learn about problems with an existing service
A user research method where you watch participants try to complete specific tasks using your service. Moderated testing involve interaction with the research participant, asking them to explain what they are doing, thinking and feeling. Unmoderated testing is completed alone by the participant.
- Identify any usability issues with a digital service - for example, problems with the language or layout
- Seeing if users understand what they need to do in order to complete designated tasks
- Generating ideas to improve a prototype of existing digital service
- Assessing user experience
- Focus is not on ‘natural’ use (consider contextual interviews , participant observation , ethnography )
- Data is about a specific design and interaction with a tool at that moment
- Findings cannot be generalised or applicable more broadly to understand users and behaviours
- My presentations
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Lecture Notes on Research Methodology
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Presentation on theme: "Lecture Notes on Research Methodology"— Presentation transcript:
Introduction to Research Methodology
Sabine Mendes Lima Moura Issues in Research Methodology PUC – November 2014.
Today Concepts underlying inferential statistics
Richard M. Jacobs, OSA, Ph.D.
Research Methodology Lecture 1.
Chapter 12 Inferential Statistics Gay, Mills, and Airasian
Sample Design.
Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. John W. Creswell Educational Research: Planning,
Magister of Electrical Engineering Udayana University September 2011
Chapter 1: Introduction to Statistics
RESEARCH A systematic quest for undiscovered truth A way of thinking
Research Methodology.
Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Application, 9 th edition. Gay, Mills, & Airasian © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Research Seminars in IT in Education (MIT6003) Quantitative Educational Research Design 2 Dr Jacky Pow.
PROCESSING OF DATA The collected data in research is processed and analyzed to come to some conclusions or to verify the hypothesis made. Processing of.
Academic Research Academic Research Dr Kishor Bhanushali M
Question paper 1997.
Chapter 6: Analyzing and Interpreting Quantitative Data
Module III Multivariate Analysis Techniques- Framework, Factor Analysis, Cluster Analysis and Conjoint Analysis Research Report.
Chapter 7 Measuring of data Reliability of measuring instruments The reliability* of instrument is the consistency with which it measures the target attribute.
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Princeton Correspondents on Undergraduate Research
How to Make a Successful Research Presentation
Turning a research paper into a visual presentation is difficult; there are pitfalls, and navigating the path to a brief, informative presentation takes time and practice. As a TA for GEO/WRI 201: Methods in Data Analysis & Scientific Writing this past fall, I saw how this process works from an instructor’s standpoint. I’ve presented my own research before, but helping others present theirs taught me a bit more about the process. Here are some tips I learned that may help you with your next research presentation:
More is more
In general, your presentation will always benefit from more practice, more feedback, and more revision. By practicing in front of friends, you can get comfortable with presenting your work while receiving feedback. It is hard to know how to revise your presentation if you never practice. If you are presenting to a general audience, getting feedback from someone outside of your discipline is crucial. Terms and ideas that seem intuitive to you may be completely foreign to someone else, and your well-crafted presentation could fall flat.
Less is more
Limit the scope of your presentation, the number of slides, and the text on each slide. In my experience, text works well for organizing slides, orienting the audience to key terms, and annotating important figures–not for explaining complex ideas. Having fewer slides is usually better as well. In general, about one slide per minute of presentation is an appropriate budget. Too many slides is usually a sign that your topic is too broad.
Limit the scope of your presentation
Don’t present your paper. Presentations are usually around 10 min long. You will not have time to explain all of the research you did in a semester (or a year!) in such a short span of time. Instead, focus on the highlight(s). Identify a single compelling research question which your work addressed, and craft a succinct but complete narrative around it.
You will not have time to explain all of the research you did. Instead, focus on the highlights. Identify a single compelling research question which your work addressed, and craft a succinct but complete narrative around it.
Craft a compelling research narrative
After identifying the focused research question, walk your audience through your research as if it were a story. Presentations with strong narrative arcs are clear, captivating, and compelling.
- Introduction (exposition — rising action)
Orient the audience and draw them in by demonstrating the relevance and importance of your research story with strong global motive. Provide them with the necessary vocabulary and background knowledge to understand the plot of your story. Introduce the key studies (characters) relevant in your story and build tension and conflict with scholarly and data motive. By the end of your introduction, your audience should clearly understand your research question and be dying to know how you resolve the tension built through motive.
- Methods (rising action)
The methods section should transition smoothly and logically from the introduction. Beware of presenting your methods in a boring, arc-killing, ‘this is what I did.’ Focus on the details that set your story apart from the stories other people have already told. Keep the audience interested by clearly motivating your decisions based on your original research question or the tension built in your introduction.
- Results (climax)
Less is usually more here. Only present results which are clearly related to the focused research question you are presenting. Make sure you explain the results clearly so that your audience understands what your research found. This is the peak of tension in your narrative arc, so don’t undercut it by quickly clicking through to your discussion.
- Discussion (falling action)
By now your audience should be dying for a satisfying resolution. Here is where you contextualize your results and begin resolving the tension between past research. Be thorough. If you have too many conflicts left unresolved, or you don’t have enough time to present all of the resolutions, you probably need to further narrow the scope of your presentation.
- Conclusion (denouement)
Return back to your initial research question and motive, resolving any final conflicts and tying up loose ends. Leave the audience with a clear resolution of your focus research question, and use unresolved tension to set up potential sequels (i.e. further research).
Use your medium to enhance the narrative
Visual presentations should be dominated by clear, intentional graphics. Subtle animation in key moments (usually during the results or discussion) can add drama to the narrative arc and make conflict resolutions more satisfying. You are narrating a story written in images, videos, cartoons, and graphs. While your paper is mostly text, with graphics to highlight crucial points, your slides should be the opposite. Adapting to the new medium may require you to create or acquire far more graphics than you included in your paper, but it is necessary to create an engaging presentation.
The most important thing you can do for your presentation is to practice and revise. Bother your friends, your roommates, TAs–anybody who will sit down and listen to your work. Beyond that, think about presentations you have found compelling and try to incorporate some of those elements into your own. Remember you want your work to be comprehensible; you aren’t creating experts in 10 minutes. Above all, try to stay passionate about what you did and why. You put the time in, so show your audience that it’s worth it.
For more insight into research presentations, check out these past PCUR posts written by Emma and Ellie .
— Alec Getraer, Natural Sciences Correspondent
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Home Blog Presentation Ideas How to Create and Deliver a Research Presentation
How to Create and Deliver a Research Presentation
Every research endeavor ends up with the communication of its findings. Graduate-level research culminates in a thesis defense , while many academic and scientific disciplines are published in peer-reviewed journals. In a business context, PowerPoint research presentation is the default format for reporting the findings to stakeholders.
Condensing months of work into a few slides can prove to be challenging. It requires particular skills to create and deliver a research presentation that promotes informed decisions and drives long-term projects forward.
Table of Contents
What is a Research Presentation
Key slides for creating a research presentation, tips when delivering a research presentation, how to present sources in a research presentation, recommended templates to create a research presentation.
A research presentation is the communication of research findings, typically delivered to an audience of peers, colleagues, students, or professionals. In the academe, it is meant to showcase the importance of the research paper , state the findings and the analysis of those findings, and seek feedback that could further the research.
The presentation of research becomes even more critical in the business world as the insights derived from it are the basis of strategic decisions of organizations. Information from this type of report can aid companies in maximizing the sales and profit of their business. Major projects such as research and development (R&D) in a new field, the launch of a new product or service, or even corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives will require the presentation of research findings to prove their feasibility.
Market research and technical research are examples of business-type research presentations you will commonly encounter.
In this article, we’ve compiled all the essential tips, including some examples and templates, to get you started with creating and delivering a stellar research presentation tailored specifically for the business context.
Various research suggests that the average attention span of adults during presentations is around 20 minutes, with a notable drop in an engagement at the 10-minute mark . Beyond that, you might see your audience doing other things.
How can you avoid such a mistake? The answer lies in the adage “keep it simple, stupid” or KISS. We don’t mean dumbing down your content but rather presenting it in a way that is easily digestible and accessible to your audience. One way you can do this is by organizing your research presentation using a clear structure.
Here are the slides you should prioritize when creating your research presentation PowerPoint.
1. Title Page
The title page is the first thing your audience will see during your presentation, so put extra effort into it to make an impression. Of course, writing presentation titles and title pages will vary depending on the type of presentation you are to deliver. In the case of a research presentation, you want a formal and academic-sounding one. It should include:
- The full title of the report
- The date of the report
- The name of the researchers or department in charge of the report
- The name of the organization for which the presentation is intended
When writing the title of your research presentation, it should reflect the topic and objective of the report. Focus only on the subject and avoid adding redundant phrases like “A research on” or “A study on.” However, you may use phrases like “Market Analysis” or “Feasibility Study” because they help identify the purpose of the presentation. Doing so also serves a long-term purpose for the filing and later retrieving of the document.
Here’s a sample title page for a hypothetical market research presentation from Gillette .
2. Executive Summary Slide
The executive summary marks the beginning of the body of the presentation, briefly summarizing the key discussion points of the research. Specifically, the summary may state the following:
- The purpose of the investigation and its significance within the organization’s goals
- The methods used for the investigation
- The major findings of the investigation
- The conclusions and recommendations after the investigation
Although the executive summary encompasses the entry of the research presentation, it should not dive into all the details of the work on which the findings, conclusions, and recommendations were based. Creating the executive summary requires a focus on clarity and brevity, especially when translating it to a PowerPoint document where space is limited.
Each point should be presented in a clear and visually engaging manner to capture the audience’s attention and set the stage for the rest of the presentation. Use visuals, bullet points, and minimal text to convey information efficiently.
3. Introduction/ Project Description Slides
In this section, your goal is to provide your audience with the information that will help them understand the details of the presentation. Provide a detailed description of the project, including its goals, objectives, scope, and methods for gathering and analyzing data.
You want to answer these fundamental questions:
- What specific questions are you trying to answer, problems you aim to solve, or opportunities you seek to explore?
- Why is this project important, and what prompted it?
- What are the boundaries of your research or initiative?
- How were the data gathered?
Important: The introduction should exclude specific findings, conclusions, and recommendations.
4. Data Presentation and Analyses Slides
This is the longest section of a research presentation, as you’ll present the data you’ve gathered and provide a thorough analysis of that data to draw meaningful conclusions. The format and components of this section can vary widely, tailored to the specific nature of your research.
For example, if you are doing market research, you may include the market potential estimate, competitor analysis, and pricing analysis. These elements will help your organization determine the actual viability of a market opportunity.
Visual aids like charts, graphs, tables, and diagrams are potent tools to convey your key findings effectively. These materials may be numbered and sequenced (Figure 1, Figure 2, and so forth), accompanied by text to make sense of the insights.
5. Conclusions
The conclusion of a research presentation is where you pull together the ideas derived from your data presentation and analyses in light of the purpose of the research. For example, if the objective is to assess the market of a new product, the conclusion should determine the requirements of the market in question and tell whether there is a product-market fit.
Designing your conclusion slide should be straightforward and focused on conveying the key takeaways from your research. Keep the text concise and to the point. Present it in bullet points or numbered lists to make the content easily scannable.
6. Recommendations
The findings of your research might reveal elements that may not align with your initial vision or expectations. These deviations are addressed in the recommendations section of your presentation, which outlines the best course of action based on the result of the research.
What emerging markets should we target next? Do we need to rethink our pricing strategies? Which professionals should we hire for this special project? — these are some of the questions that may arise when coming up with this part of the research.
Recommendations may be combined with the conclusion, but presenting them separately to reinforce their urgency. In the end, the decision-makers in the organization or your clients will make the final call on whether to accept or decline the recommendations.
7. Questions Slide
Members of your audience are not involved in carrying out your research activity, which means there’s a lot they don’t know about its details. By offering an opportunity for questions, you can invite them to bridge that gap, seek clarification, and engage in a dialogue that enhances their understanding.
If your research is more business-oriented, facilitating a question and answer after your presentation becomes imperative as it’s your final appeal to encourage buy-in for your recommendations.
A simple “Ask us anything” slide can indicate that you are ready to accept questions.
If you need a quick method to create a research presentation, check out our AI presentation maker . A tool in which you add the topic, curate the outline, select a design, and let AI do the work for you. Alternatively, check our tutorial on how to convert a research paper to presentation using AI .
1. Focus on the Most Important Findings
The truth about presenting research findings is that your audience doesn’t need to know everything. Instead, they should receive a distilled, clear, and meaningful overview that focuses on the most critical aspects.
You will likely have to squeeze in the oral presentation of your research into a 10 to 20-minute presentation, so you have to make the most out of the time given to you. In the presentation, don’t soak in the less important elements like historical backgrounds. Decision-makers might even ask you to skip these portions and focus on sharing the findings.
2. Do Not Read Word-per-word
Reading word-for-word from your presentation slides intensifies the danger of losing your audience’s interest. Its effect can be detrimental, especially if the purpose of your research presentation is to gain approval from the audience. So, how can you avoid this mistake?
- Make a conscious design decision to keep the text on your slides minimal. Your slides should serve as visual cues to guide your presentation.
- Structure your presentation as a narrative or story. Stories are more engaging and memorable than dry, factual information.
- Prepare speaker notes with the key points of your research. Glance at it when needed.
- Engage with the audience by maintaining eye contact and asking rhetorical questions.
3. Don’t Go Without Handouts
Handouts are paper copies of your presentation slides that you distribute to your audience. They typically contain the summary of your key points, but they may also provide supplementary information supporting data presented through tables and graphs.
The purpose of distributing presentation handouts is to easily retain the key points you presented as they become good references in the future. Distributing handouts in advance allows your audience to review the material and come prepared with questions or points for discussion during the presentation. Also, check our article about how to create handouts for a presentation .
4. Actively Listen
An equally important skill that a presenter must possess aside from speaking is the ability to listen. We are not just talking about listening to what the audience is saying but also considering their reactions and nonverbal cues. If you sense disinterest or confusion, you can adapt your approach on the fly to re-engage them.
For example, if some members of your audience are exchanging glances, they may be skeptical of the research findings you are presenting. This is the best time to reassure them of the validity of your data and provide a concise overview of how it came to be. You may also encourage them to seek clarification.
5. Be Confident
Anxiety can strike before a presentation – it’s a common reaction whenever someone has to speak in front of others. If you can’t eliminate your stress, try to manage it.
People hate public speaking not because they simply hate it. Most of the time, it arises from one’s belief in themselves. You don’t have to take our word for it. Take Maslow’s theory that says a threat to one’s self-esteem is a source of distress among an individual.
Now, how can you master this feeling? You’ve spent a lot of time on your research, so there is no question about your topic knowledge. Perhaps you just need to rehearse your research presentation. If you know what you will say and how to say it, you will gain confidence in presenting your work.
All sources you use in creating your research presentation should be given proper credit. The APA Style is the most widely used citation style in formal research.
In-text citation
Add references within the text of your presentation slide by giving the author’s last name, year of publication, and page number (if applicable) in parentheses after direct quotations or paraphrased materials. As in:
The alarming rate at which global temperatures rise directly impacts biodiversity (Smith, 2020, p. 27).
If the author’s name and year of publication are mentioned in the text, add only the page number in parentheses after the quotations or paraphrased materials. As in:
According to Smith (2020), the alarming rate at which global temperatures rise directly impacts biodiversity (p. 27).
Image citation
All images from the web, including photos, graphs, and tables, used in your slides should be credited using the format below.
Creator’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Image.” Website Name, Day Mo. Year, URL. Accessed Day Mo. Year.
Work cited page
A work cited page or reference list should follow after the last slide of your presentation. The list should be alphabetized by the author’s last name and initials followed by the year of publication, the title of the book or article, the place of publication, and the publisher. As in:
Smith, J. A. (2020). Climate Change and Biodiversity: A Comprehensive Study. New York, NY: ABC Publications.
When citing a document from a website, add the source URL after the title of the book or article instead of the place of publication and the publisher. As in:
Smith, J. A. (2020). Climate Change and Biodiversity: A Comprehensive Study. Retrieved from https://www.smith.com/climate-change-and-biodiversity.
1. Research Project Presentation PowerPoint Template
A slide deck containing 18 different slides intended to take off the weight of how to make a research presentation. With tons of visual aids, presenters can reference existing research on similar projects to this one – or link another research presentation example – provide an accurate data analysis, disclose the methodology used, and much more.
Use This Template
2. Research Presentation Scientific Method Diagram PowerPoint Template
Whenever you intend to raise questions, expose the methodology you used for your research, or even suggest a scientific method approach for future analysis, this circular wheel diagram is a perfect fit for any presentation study.
Customize all of its elements to suit the demands of your presentation in just minutes.
3. Thesis Research Presentation PowerPoint Template
If your research presentation project belongs to academia, then this is the slide deck to pair that presentation. With a formal aesthetic and minimalistic style, this research presentation template focuses only on exposing your information as clearly as possible.
Use its included bar charts and graphs to introduce data, change the background of each slide to suit the topic of your presentation, and customize each of its elements to meet the requirements of your project with ease.
4. Animated Research Cards PowerPoint Template
Visualize ideas and their connection points with the help of this research card template for PowerPoint. This slide deck, for example, can help speakers talk about alternative concepts to what they are currently managing and its possible outcomes, among different other usages this versatile PPT template has. Zoom Animation effects make a smooth transition between cards (or ideas).
5. Research Presentation Slide Deck for PowerPoint
With a distinctive professional style, this research presentation PPT template helps business professionals and academics alike to introduce the findings of their work to team members or investors.
By accessing this template, you get the following slides:
- Introduction
- Problem Statement
- Research Questions
- Conceptual Research Framework (Concepts, Theories, Actors, & Constructs)
- Study design and methods
- Population & Sampling
- Data Collection
- Data Analysis
Check it out today and craft a powerful research presentation out of it!
A successful research presentation in business is not just about presenting data; it’s about persuasion to take meaningful action. It’s the bridge that connects your research efforts to the strategic initiatives of your organization. To embark on this journey successfully, planning your presentation thoroughly is paramount, from designing your PowerPoint to the delivery.
Take a look and get inspiration from the sample research presentation slides above, put our tips to heart, and transform your research findings into a compelling call to action.
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Top 10 Free Research Methodology PowerPoint Presentation Templates in 2024
Research methodology is a crucial component of any academic or professional study, providing a structured approach to collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data. Utilizing free research methodology PowerPoint templates allows researchers, educators, and students to effectively communicate their research design and findings. These PPT templates are designed to be fully editable and customizable, making it easy to tailor the presentation to specific research topics or audiences.With these templates, users can outline various research methods, such as qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-method approaches, and illustrate their application in real-world scenarios. The visual elements included in these PPTs, such as charts, graphs, and diagrams, facilitate a clearer understanding of complex data, enhancing the overall presentation. Additionally, these templates often come with pre-designed slides for literature reviews, data collection techniques, and analysis strategies, ensuring that all aspects of the research methodology are covered comprehensively.By employing free research methodology PowerPoint templates, presenters can engage their audience more effectively, providing a cohesive narrative that highlights the significance of their research. This not only aids in academic presentations but also serves professionals in various fields who need to present their findings clearly and persuasively. Ultimately, these customizable PPTs are invaluable resources for anyone looking to enhance their research presentations.
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QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS AND DESIGN
AN OVERVIEW OF THE QUANTITIATIVE RESEARCH METHODS. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH. SINGE SUBJECT RESEARCH. CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH. CAUSAL COMPARATIVE RESEARCH. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH. RESEARCH TOOL AND OBJECTIVES
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This is an informational and review , the information in this paper is collected from different sources.
Scientific research adopts qualitative and quantitative methodologies in the modeling and analysis of numerous phenomena. The qualitative methodology intends to understand a complex reality and the meaning of actions in a given context. On the other hand, the quantitative methodology seeks to obtain accurate and reliable measurements that allow a statistical analysis. Both methodologies offer a set of methods, potentialities and limitations that must be explored and known by researchers. This paper concisely maps a total of seven qualitative methods and five quantitative methods. A comparative analysis of the most relevant and adopted methods is done to understand the main strengths and limitations of them. Additionally, the work developed intends to be a fundamental reference for the accomplishment of a research study, in which the researcher intends to adopt a qualitative or quantitative methodology. Through the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each method, it becomes possible to formulate a more accurate, informed and complete choice.
ISRG Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies (ISRGJMS), 2024
This research paper offers a thorough examination of the benefits and drawbacks of applying quantitative methods to research in a range of academic fields. The precision, objectivity, and capacity to extrapolate results to larger populations are all provided by quantitative methods. They do, however, also bring with them certain difficulties, such as the need to ensure the validity and reliability of data collection processes and to capture subtle qualitative aspects of phenomena. Through a critical analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of quantitative methods, researchers are better equipped to choose their research approaches. Researchers are advised to carefully evaluate research questions, validation methods, and ethical guidelines. To further the field of research methodology, future research directions should concentrate on interdisciplinary collaboration, creative methodologies, and integration of quantitative and qualitative approaches.
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Measurement and Data Collection. Primary data, Secondary data, Design of questionnaire ; Sampling fundamentals and sample designs. Measurement and Scaling Techniques, Data Processing
iosrjournals.org
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Carrying out a research paper is concerned to be a simple task. However, in practice it is far more complicated. The most important factor is for the researcher to know the main principles of the research process. It is vital to identify the research methods progression, the meaning and purpose of the research to be carried out, by the formulation of hypothesis, aims and questions, the use of methodology-both quantitative and qualitative-their characteristics and suitability when utilized, and the need of sampling and ethical considerations. By the use of theoretical framework, the current research paper firstly discusses and analyses the principles of bringing about a research paper, and most importantly it emphasizes the advantages and disadvantages of research methodology.
The objective of this chapter is to present the research design and statistical approach applied in this work. We explain the research philosophy used and justify the research approach.
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Research Methods
Mar 11, 2019
230 likes | 837 Views
Research Methods. Overview of methods and approaches. What is research?. Systematic enquiry Approaches Positivist Interpretive Popper: Falsifiable Kuhn: Paradigm shift. Positivist Approach. Hypothesis testing Experimental, makes measurements Quantitative Means not values
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Presentation Transcript
Research Methods Overview of methods and approaches
What is research? • Systematic enquiry • Approaches • Positivist • Interpretive • Popper: Falsifiable • Kuhn: Paradigm shift
Positivist Approach • Hypothesis testing • Experimental, makes measurements • Quantitative • Means not values • “Objective”
Interpretative Approach • Explanatory • Exploratory • Qualitative • Often small scale • “Subjective”
Ethics • Negotiating access • Who owns the data? • Right to know • Right to publish • Informed consent • Anonymity and Confidentiality • Insider Research
Qualitative methods • Interviews (structured/semi-structured) • Diaries • Observation • Analysis of documents • Experiments • Data tends to be information rich but specific • Analysed by careful examination of data
Quantitative methods • Experiments • Questionnaires • Structured interviews • Observation using coding protocols • Data wide ranging and usually generalisable • Analysed using mathematical/statistical methods
Other methods • Approaches rather than methods • May use multiple methods • Action research • based on own activities • Observe - Act - Monitor - Evaluate cycle • Case study • Study of a single instance • In depth study of something/someone specific
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Research Methods . Formulating hypotheses. Most research starts with an idea about something that might be happening. Hypothesis – a testable statement about the relationship between two variables. Variable – a factor or thing that can change
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Research Methods. Operationalization And measurement. Second Stage: Operationalization. Formulation of Theory Operationalization of Theory Selection of Appropriate Research Techniques Observation of Behavior (Data Collection) Analysis of Data Interpretation of Results.
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Research Methods. Research ethics. Research Ethics. Marketplace of ideas--no scientific misconduct Research fraud = falsification of data Plagiarism = theft of words and ideas Personal and professional ethics regarding research subjects
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Research Methods. Types of Methods. Software Methods Scientific Methods Requirements Elicitation. Software Development Methodologies / Models. Development Methodologies. Traditional Waterfall Model Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
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Research Methods. Define the Milgram experiment. An experiment in which Milgram wanted to determine whether participants would administer painful shocks to others merely because they were instructed to do so. The outcome raised major ethical questions.
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Research Methods. Survey Research. Outline: Survey Research. I. Sampling II. Survey Contents. I. Sampling from a Population.
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Research Methods. Categories of Research. Categories of Research. There are many different ways to classify research: By type By objective By form By reasoning. Categories of Research. By type: Primary research , collection of data that does not yet exist
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Research Methods. The Scientific Attitude. 3 main components Curiosity Skepticism Humility. The Scientific Method. A way of rigorously testing ideas against objective observations. Psychology is a science because it uses the scientific method to test ideas empirically.
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Research Methods. Unit 2 (Chapter 2). The Scientific Approach. Empiricism Basic assumption: events are governed by some lawful order Goals: Measurement and description Understanding and prediction Application and control Goal of theory testing in science: refutation not proving.
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Research Methods. Technical Writing. Thesis Report Writing Thesis Presentation. Writing a Thesis:. Writing Style and Format: Follow guidelines and/or templates provided by the Department Consult your Advisor Thesis Content: Acknowledgements (Optional)
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How to do good… Applied social research: A curated online sheet of Applied Social Research Guides and Resources Surveys: Guide to creating questions here and here, build on existing data/questions, analysis guide; Interviews: A nice overview here which includes how to structure an interview; User research: The GDS for intro guides and DisAmbiguity blog ...
1 Research Methodology: An Introduction: MEANING OF RESEARCH: Research in common parlance refers to a search for knowledge. Once can also define research as a scientific & systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic. In fact, research is an art of scientific investigation.
Chapter-2: Literature Review Chapter-3: How to develop a Research Questions & Hypotheses Chapter-4: Research Methods and the Research Design Chapter-5: Concept of Variables, Levels and Scales of Measurements for Data collection Chapter-6: Data Analysis, Management and Presentation Chapter-7: Tips for Writing Research Report Chapter-8: Glossary ...
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. (Business Research Methods). Week 13. Editing and Coding Data. Editing is the process of checking data for errors such as omissions, illegibility and inconsistency, and correcting data where and when the need arises. 1.12k views • 18 slides
Introduction to Research Methods. Research Defined • Systematic process of collecting and logically analyzing data for a purpose. • Research methods - the methodology, how we do it. Levels of Research • Basic • Test theories • Often in a lab setting • May have limited direct applicability • Not designed to solve social problems Theory - predicts & explains generalizable findings
Turning a research paper into a visual presentation is difficult; there are pitfalls, and navigating the path to a brief, informative presentation takes time and practice. As a TA for GEO/WRI 201: Methods in Data Analysis & Scientific Writing this past fall, I saw how this process works from an instructor's standpoint.
2. Research Presentation Scientific Method Diagram PowerPoint Template. Whenever you intend to raise questions, expose the methodology you used for your research, or even suggest a scientific method approach for future analysis, this circular wheel diagram is a perfect fit for any presentation study.
Mixed Method Research Elke Johanna de Buhr, PhD Tulane University. Textbook Chapters • Creswell, Chapter 9 • Creswell & Clark, Chapter 3. Your Research Proposal I. Introduction • A. Problemstatement • B. Research question(s) • C. Hypothesis • D. Definitions of terms II. Review of the relevant literature (the more complete, the better) • A. Importance of the question being asked ...
These PPT templates are designed to be fully editable and customizable, making it easy to tailor the presentation to specific research topics or audiences.With these templates, users can outline various research methods, such as qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-method approaches, and illustrate their application in real-world scenarios.
Researchers are advised to carefully evaluate research questions, validation methods, and ethical guidelines. To further the field of research methodology, future research directions should concentrate on interdisciplinary collaboration, creative methodologies, and integration of quantitative and qualitative approaches.
Download the "Data Collection and Analysis - Master of Science in Community Health and Prevention Research" presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides. As university curricula increasingly incorporate digital tools and platforms, this template has been designed to integrate with presentation software, online learning management systems, or ...
Methods and Techniques of Research: An Introduction of the Course Program for Thesis Writing Definition of Research: • Research is "a process of scientific thinking that leads to the discovery or establishment of new knowledge or truth. • It is not a subjective expression of ideas or opinion." According to these authors, a scientific thinking has these characteristics: (1) It is based ...
Research Methods JNFORmn-fiON CAN, THINK OF use FOR Presented by Ms. Indira 32143 ENG FOR IT @indiram 1; The Process of Research The process is initiated with a question or problem (step 1) Next, goals and objectives are formulated to deal with the question or problem (step 2) Then the research design is developed to achieve the objectives (step 3) Results are generated by conducting the ...
Research Methods. Research Methods. Research Design. Research Design. Plan of attack Specifies: What you intend to do How you intend to do it Why you are taking each step Research ethics. Basic research design elements. Statement of purpose Statement of hypothesis to be tested Specification of variables. 1.29k views • 84 slides