lesson note on computer problem solving skills

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Computer Science JSS2 First Term Computer Program Solving Skills

• Computer Program Solving Skills

Computer J.S.S 2 First Term

Sub-theme: Basic Computer Operation and Concept

Performance Objective

Student should be able to:

1. Identify a computer program

2. Define a computer programming languages

3. Give example of computer programming languages

What is Computer Programming?

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• Computer Software
• Operating System I
• Operating System II
• Operating System III
• Units of Storage in Computer
• Basic Programme I
• Basic Programme II
• Basic Programme III
• Basic Programme IV
• Chapters 12
• Category JSS2
• Author ClassNotes Edu

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Computational thinking.

Computer Science for All

Equip your students with computer science, computational thinking, and programming skills for our tech-driven world., at the tech, we specialize in computational thinking since it is fundamental to computer programming and problem-solving, skills that allow youth to be creators, not just consumers, of digital content. , what is computational thinking (ct), ct is a problem solving process that can be broadly applied across content areas and everyday life. .

Lessons marked with an orange gear icon address engineering within the Next Generation Science Standards.

CT Resources CT Lessons and Activities Cyber Security and Internet Safety Virtual Field Trip

CT Resources

Computer Science Education Principles

Key principles for teaching computational thinking and computer programming in any setting.

See Tech Tip

Learn the four elements of computational thinking to solve problems big and small.

Computer Programming

Practice and share the building blocks of computer programming -- no experience required!

Computational Thinking Poster

Classroom visuals that define computational thinking and its elements. These foundational skills support computer science education for students of all ages.

*Available in English or Spanish

Download Posters

Computational Thinking Videos

Video playlist that provides an overview of computational thinking. See strategies for how to incorporate unplugged activities, plugged programming activities like Scratch, and prototyping into any setting. 

CT Lessons and Activities

Butterfly Algorithms

Create a simple algorithm to model the life cycle of a butterfly. Then write this algorithm using conditionals and program it on a computer.

Lesson: 70 minutes

Lesson Plan and Videos

What's Happening to the Pikas?

In this unplugged computational thinking activity, learners will work in teams to investigate how human actions have impacted pikas. They will look for patterns to explore how climate change is threatening the pika’s survival.  

Lesson: 50 minutes

Lesson Plan

Computer Vision: Buzz Solutions

Grades K-12

Use this video and prompt to spark engagement: Computer vision is a type of artificial intelligence technology that teaches a computer how to identify certain objects in images. Can you think of an example of when a computer makes a task easier?

Drones: Buzz Solutions

Use this video and prompt to spark engagement: Vik built a drone and attached some pollution monitoring sensors on it to find out how polluted the air was in his city, New Delhi. How else do you imagine we could use drones to collect data? Can you think of a way that drones could solve problems in the world?

Program a Friend

Learn the language of robots as you “program” a partner to perform a simple task. (Lab Connection: Social Robots)

Lesson: 30-45 minutes

Patterns of the Moon

Apply computational thinking skills to identify patterns in the cycle of the moon. Then modify a computer program in Scratch that shows how the moon appears throughout the lunar cycle.

Lesson: 135 minutes

Puzzling Procedure

Create an algorithm (instructions) for others to solve a jigsaw puzzle using computational thinking.

Lesson: 40 minutes

Lesson Plan and Activity

Decontamination Algorithm

Create a sequence of questions to help you figure out what surfaces are contaminated after you or someone else does a task.

Activity: 20-60 minutes

Get in the Game

Use computational thinking (decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithms) to design your own board game! ( Lab Connection: Social Robots ) 

Lesson: 90 minutes

Responsible Reservoirs

Play a game that shows the complicated cause and effect relationship involved in major environmental decisions. ( Lab Connection: Sustainable Cities ) 

Activity: 20+ minutes

Analyzing Patterns in Voter Data

Grades 9-12

Analyze, map and graph voter data in this data science and computational thinking lesson. Then take on the role of data journalists to share the story of your data with others. 

Redistricting Unplugged

Students apply computational thinking to the real-world problem of redistricting as they use abstraction to redraw a series of maps.

Lesson: 60 minutes

Cyber Security and Internet Safety Lessons

Our interactive Cyber Detectives exhibit empowers visitors to manage their own Internet safety. Introduce students to scams, digital forensics, and strategies for internet safety with these classroom activities designed in partnership with Discovery Education.

Creative Coding: The Internet of Things

As employees at a top tech company, students are tasked with adding a new non-tech product to the Internet of things. 

Cryptobabel: Coded Communication

Students are presented with a top-secret scenario in which they must intercept a message from a spy.

Lesson: 75-90 minutes

Cyber Forensics: Digital Footprints

Students will take on the role of digital forensic investigators who have been tasked with investigating a recent store robbery.

Lesson: 45-55 minutes

Hashing and Cracking: Password Essentials

Students take on the role of an entrepreneur creating their own company website. How can they make the login system as secure as possible?

Lesson: 50-60 minutes

Social Engineering: Scam Alert!

Students will become members of their school’s Scam Alert Team to help protect their community from internet scams.

Tech for Tomorrow Virtual Field Trip

Grades K-12 

This career-focused virtual field trip takes your students on a road trip through Silicon Valley to meet some of the region’s smartest and most innovative tech experts. Viewers get a sneak peek inside some real-life medical labs, workshops and makerspaces and hear advice about how they can follow their passions to work in tech, too!

Along the way, they’ll get to experience some of our favorite exhibits and make the connection between what we do here and the exciting work of tech engineers and entrepreneurs.

Video: 30 min Pre and Post activities: 90 min

Watch Virtual Field Trip

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Computer Problem Solving Skills

Topic: computer problem solving skills, class: jss two.

Concept of Computer Program and Programming Language If you want a computer to solve a given problem, you need a computer program. A computer program is a sequence of related instructions (commands) that tell the computer how to accomplish a specific task. A program can also be defined as a set of instructions that is executed by the CPU. Programming Programming is the act of writing a computer program. Computer programs are written by trained and qualified people called programmers.

Computer Programming Language A computer programming language is the language used to write instructions (commands) for the computer. Programming language is a means through which a programmer communicates with the computer in solving different categories of problems. It consists of a set of rules governing how the words in the language should be written (syntax) and the meaning associated with each word (semantic). Types of Programming Language Computer language falls into three broad categories 1. Machine Language 2. Low-Level Language (Assembly language) 3. High-Level Language (HLL}

Machine Language This was the first generation programming language. A computer will only understand one language, which is machine language. There are two symbols in machine language; these are 1 and 0 generally called binary digits or bits. Machine language has many disadvantages 1. It requires the programmer to remember the numeric code of each instruction and the location of each data in binary form. 2. Also, machine language is machine dependent; that is to say that different machines have different language formats.

High Level Language These are programming languages that allow for the program to be written in forms that are readable to human beings. High-level languages are developed to overcome the limitations of machine and assembly languages. In high-level structure, a program is written in forms that resemble the statement of the given problem in English. High-level language can run on a different machine provided appropriate translators are installed. Examples of popular high-level language are: BASIC: Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code COBOL: COmmon Business Oriented Language FORTRAN: FORmula TRANslation ADA: Named after Ada Augusta APL: A Programming Language RPG: Report Program Generator PL1: Programming Language 1 dBASE: Data Base LISP: List Processor PASCAL JAVA C++

Programming tools and Technique Many tools and techniques aid in writing good computer programs, two of which are algorithms and flowcharts. Algorithm This is an outline step needed to solve a problem. Thus an algorithm should be clear, effective, and unambiguous. In addition, an algorithm should have input should produce output. Solution Compute the area and circumference of a cycle given the diameter d. Use the formular A= πr^2 and C= 2πr Solution Step 1: Start Step 2: Get the diameter d Step 3: Compute r=(d/2) Step 4: Compute A= π*r^2 Step 5: Compute C= 2*π*r Step 6: Displays the result Step 7: Stop

Example 2 Write out an algorithm to prepare a pounded yam Solution Step 1: Start Step 2: Get the yams Step 3: peel the yams and slice them into smaller pieces Step 4: Rinse the yam and put them into a clean pot Step 5: Add some water Step 6: Boil the yam for 35 to 40 minutes Step 7: Pound the yam until there are no lumps Step 8: Dish out the pounded yam Step 9: Serve it with an appropriate soup Step 10: Stop

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How to think like a programmer — lessons in problem solving

By Richard Reis

If you’re interested in programming, you may well have seen this quote before:

“Everyone in this country should learn to program a computer, because it teaches you to think.” — Steve Jobs

You probably also wondered what does it mean, exactly, to think like a programmer? And how do you do it??

Essentially, it’s all about a more effective way for problem solving .

In this post, my goal is to teach you that way.

By the end of it, you’ll know exactly what steps to take to be a better problem-solver.

Why is this important?

Problem solving is the meta-skill.

We all have problems. Big and small. How we deal with them is sometimes, well…pretty random.

Unless you have a system, this is probably how you “solve” problems (which is what I did when I started coding):

• Try a solution.
• If that doesn’t work, try another one.
• If that doesn’t work, repeat step 2 until you luck out.

Look, sometimes you luck out. But that is the worst way to solve problems! And it’s a huge, huge waste of time.

The best way involves a) having a framework and b) practicing it.

“Almost all employers prioritize problem-solving skills first. Problem-solving skills are almost unanimously the most important qualification that employers look for….more than programming languages proficiency, debugging, and system design. Demonstrating computational thinking or the ability to break down large, complex problems is just as valuable (if not more so) than the baseline technical skills required for a job.” — Hacker Rank ( 2018 Developer Skills Report )

Have a framework

To find the right framework, I followed the advice in Tim Ferriss’ book on learning, “ The 4-Hour Chef ”.

It led me to interview two really impressive people: C. Jordan Ball (ranked 1st or 2nd out of 65,000+ users on Coderbyte ), and V. Anton Spraul (author of the book “ Think Like a Programmer: An Introduction to Creative Problem Solving ”).

I asked them the same questions, and guess what? Their answers were pretty similar!

Soon, you too will know them.

Sidenote: this doesn’t mean they did everything the same way. Everyone is different. You’ll be different. But if you start with principles we all agree are good, you’ll get a lot further a lot quicker.

“The biggest mistake I see new programmers make is focusing on learning syntax instead of learning how to solve problems.” — V. Anton Spraul

So, what should you do when you encounter a new problem?

Here are the steps:

1. Understand

Know exactly what is being asked. Most hard problems are hard because you don’t understand them (hence why this is the first step).

How to know when you understand a problem? When you can explain it in plain English.

Do you remember being stuck on a problem, you start explaining it, and you instantly see holes in the logic you didn’t see before?

Most programmers know this feeling.

This is why you should write down your problem, doodle a diagram, or tell someone else about it (or thing… some people use a rubber duck ).

“If you can’t explain something in simple terms, you don’t understand it.” — Richard Feynman

Don’t dive right into solving without a plan (and somehow hope you can muddle your way through). Plan your solution!

Nothing can help you if you can’t write down the exact steps.

In programming, this means don’t start hacking straight away. Give your brain time to analyze the problem and process the information.

To get a good plan, answer this question:

“Given input X, what are the steps necessary to return output Y?”

Sidenote: Programmers have a great tool to help them with this… Comments!

Pay attention. This is the most important step of all.

Do not try to solve one big problem. You will cry.

Instead, break it into sub-problems. These sub-problems are much easier to solve.

Then, solve each sub-problem one by one. Begin with the simplest. Simplest means you know the answer (or are closer to that answer).

After that, simplest means this sub-problem being solved doesn’t depend on others being solved.

Once you solved every sub-problem, connect the dots.

Connecting all your “sub-solutions” will give you the solution to the original problem. Congratulations!

This technique is a cornerstone of problem-solving. Remember it (read this step again, if you must).

“If I could teach every beginning programmer one problem-solving skill, it would be the ‘reduce the problem technique.’ For example, suppose you’re a new programmer and you’re asked to write a program that reads ten numbers and figures out which number is the third highest. For a brand-new programmer, that can be a tough assignment, even though it only requires basic programming syntax. If you’re stuck, you should reduce the problem to something simpler. Instead of the third-highest number, what about finding the highest overall? Still too tough? What about finding the largest of just three numbers? Or the larger of two? Reduce the problem to the point where you know how to solve it and write the solution. Then expand the problem slightly and rewrite the solution to match, and keep going until you are back where you started.” — V. Anton Spraul

By now, you’re probably sitting there thinking “Hey Richard... That’s cool and all, but what if I’m stuck and can’t even solve a sub-problem??”

First off, take a deep breath. Second, that’s fair.

Don’t worry though, friend. This happens to everyone!

The difference is the best programmers/problem-solvers are more curious about bugs/errors than irritated.

In fact, here are three things to try when facing a whammy:

• Debug: Go step by step through your solution trying to find where you went wrong. Programmers call this debugging (in fact, this is all a debugger does).

“The art of debugging is figuring out what you really told your program to do rather than what you thought you told it to do.”” — Andrew Singer

• Reassess: Take a step back. Look at the problem from another perspective. Is there anything that can be abstracted to a more general approach?

“Sometimes we get so lost in the details of a problem that we overlook general principles that would solve the problem at a more general level. […] The classic example of this, of course, is the summation of a long list of consecutive integers, 1 + 2 + 3 + … + n, which a very young Gauss quickly recognized was simply n(n+1)/2, thus avoiding the effort of having to do the addition.” — C. Jordan Ball

Sidenote: Another way of reassessing is starting anew. Delete everything and begin again with fresh eyes. I’m serious. You’ll be dumbfounded at how effective this is.

• Research: Ahh, good ol’ Google. You read that right. No matter what problem you have, someone has probably solved it. Find that person/ solution. In fact, do this even if you solved the problem! (You can learn a lot from other people’s solutions).

Caveat: Don’t look for a solution to the big problem. Only look for solutions to sub-problems. Why? Because unless you struggle (even a little bit), you won’t learn anything. If you don’t learn anything, you wasted your time.

Don’t expect to be great after just one week. If you want to be a good problem-solver, solve a lot of problems!

Practice. Practice. Practice. It’ll only be a matter of time before you recognize that “this problem could easily be solved with .”

How to practice? There are options out the wazoo!

Chess puzzles, math problems, Sudoku, Go, Monopoly, video-games, cryptokitties, bla… bla… bla….

In fact, a common pattern amongst successful people is their habit of practicing “micro problem-solving.” For example, Peter Thiel plays chess, and Elon Musk plays video-games.

“Byron Reeves said ‘If you want to see what business leadership may look like in three to five years, look at what’s happening in online games.’ Fast-forward to today. Elon [Musk], Reid [Hoffman], Mark Zuckerberg and many others say that games have been foundational to their success in building their companies.” — Mary Meeker ( 2017 internet trends report )

Does this mean you should just play video-games? Not at all.

But what are video-games all about? That’s right, problem-solving!

So, what you should do is find an outlet to practice. Something that allows you to solve many micro-problems (ideally, something you enjoy).

For example, I enjoy coding challenges. Every day, I try to solve at least one challenge (usually on Coderbyte ).

Like I said, all problems share similar patterns.

That’s all folks!

Now, you know better what it means to “think like a programmer.”

You also know that problem-solving is an incredible skill to cultivate (the meta-skill).

As if that wasn’t enough, notice how you also know what to do to practice your problem-solving skills!

Phew… Pretty cool right?

Finally, I wish you encounter many problems.

You read that right. At least now you know how to solve them! (also, you’ll learn that with every solution, you improve).

“Just when you think you’ve successfully navigated one obstacle, another emerges. But that’s what keeps life interesting.[…] Life is a process of breaking through these impediments — a series of fortified lines that we must break through. Each time, you’ll learn something. Each time, you’ll develop strength, wisdom, and perspective. Each time, a little more of the competition falls away. Until all that is left is you: the best version of you.” — Ryan Holiday ( The Obstacle is the Way )

Now, go solve some problems!

And best of luck ?

Special thanks to C. Jordan Ball and V. Anton Spraul . All the good advice here came from them.

Thanks for reading! If you enjoyed it, test how many times can you hit in 5 seconds. It’s great cardio for your fingers AND will help other people see the story.

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