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Chapter 7 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOMATERIALS.

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Presentation on theme: "Chapter 7 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOMATERIALS."— Presentation transcript:

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FREE K-12 standards-aligned STEM

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Find more at TeachEngineering.org .

• TeachEngineering
• Nanotechnology as a Whole

Lesson Nanotechnology as a Whole

Grade Level: 11 (9-11)

Time Required: 45 minutes

Lesson Dependency: None

Subject Areas: Chemistry, Physics

NGSS Performance Expectations:

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Curriculum in this Unit Units serve as guides to a particular content or subject area. Nested under units are lessons (in purple) and hands-on activities (in blue). Note that not all lessons and activities will exist under a unit, and instead may exist as "standalone" curriculum.

• What is a Nanometer?
• Magnetic Fluids
• Nanoparticles & Light Energy Experiment: Quantum Dots and Colors
• Thirsty for Gold

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Engineering connection, learning objectives, worksheets and attachments, more curriculum like this, pre-req knowledge, introduction/motivation, associated activities, vocabulary/definitions, user comments & tips.

Working in the fields of nanotechnology and engineering requires an understanding of many classical materials engineering principles and fundamentals. However, due to the very small length scale, some classical fundamentals break down and new physics is necessary to fully understand nanotechnology. It is important for students to learn that to produce such technological applications, existing science has been modified to describe and replicate unique behaviors found at the extremely small scale. In addition, because of their small size, nanoscale devices can readily interact with human cells. With access to so many areas of the body and their unique behaviors, they have the potential to detect disease and deliver treatment in ways never unimagined.

After this lesson, students should be able to:

• Describe ways nanotechnology is expected to influence society.
• List key areas of research in the nanotechnology field and real-world applications.
• Explain the length scale of nanotechnology relative to traditional length scales.
• Convert measurements to different units.

Educational Standards Each TeachEngineering lesson or activity is correlated to one or more K-12 science, technology, engineering or math (STEM) educational standards. All 100,000+ K-12 STEM standards covered in TeachEngineering are collected, maintained and packaged by the Achievement Standards Network (ASN) , a project of D2L (www.achievementstandards.org). In the ASN, standards are hierarchically structured: first by source; e.g. , by state; within source by type; e.g. , science or mathematics; within type by subtype, then by grade, etc .

Ngss: next generation science standards - science, international technology and engineering educators association - technology.

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State Standards

Texas - science.

Students must be able to operate a basic scientific calculator, take measurements using measuring tapes, sticks or string, and complete unit and place value conversions.

(Be ready to show students the attached 21-slide Introduction to Nanotechnology Presentation PowerPoint file. In advance of class, make sure to download some of the PowerPoint images into the slides; see notes in the PowerPoint file. Ask students the following questions to stimulate their thinking about the topic of nanotechnology. Survey students' knowledge prior to giving the attached presentation. Expect the introduction and presentation to not exceed 25 minutes.)

What is nanotechnology? (Listen to student ideas and definitions.) Nanotechnology' is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale. How small is that!? Nanotechnology refers to the projected ability to construct items from "the bottom up," using techniques and tools being developed today to make complete, highly advanced products.

What types of technologies and goods (products, services) do you think nanotechnology is a part of? (Listen to student suggestions. Make a list on the board.) Examples: Car bumpers (nanocomposites), sporting goods (golf clubs, tennis rackets), quantum dots (optical beacons), cancer treatment, antibacterial dressings, photovoltaic devices (solar cells), sunscreens (similar to solar cells; want to absorb UV light), protein tracking, stain-repellant fabrics, rocket propellants, synthetic bone, organic light-emitting diodes (telephone and radio screens), nanostructured materials for engineering applications, nanocatalysts, filters.

(Proceed to show students the attached PowerPoint presentation.)

Lesson Background and Concepts for Teachers

Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale. While these materials have been around for decades, only recently—because of our improved capability to see at that scale—have they received so much attention. However, traditional material science and physics cannot explain, nor see, phenomena that occur at their tiny scale. With the birth of quantum mechanics and electron microscopes, engineers are able to model, predict and visually design specific material behaviors at those length scales. Nano materials are unique because of the relative size compared to the atomic scale. How small? The thickness of one sheet of loose-leaf notebook paper is equivalent to ~100,000 nm. This is extremely small and because of this relative size comparison, new interactions start occurring. All this is meaningless if one cannot visualize or comprehend how small the nano scale is in comparison to tangible, familiar objects. To start envisioning this scale, one nanometer is 1 millionth the size of a Skittle TM candy. Refer to the associated activity What is a Nanometer? so students obtain a simple reference framework to the nano-size length scale by measuring everyday objects and converting their length units to nanometers.

Note: The attached PowerPoint presentation provides information on topics such as: What is nanotechnology? What does nano really mean? and How old is nanotechnology? Other topics in the presentation include: types of nano phenomena, single-walled carbon nanotubes, SWNT properties and applications, the world's smallest radio, quantum dots and applications; ferrofluids (magnetic fluids) and applications, nano shells, gold nanoshell synthesis, nanoshell applications, misconceptions about nanotechnology, and consumer uses and projections.

Watch this activity on YouTube

crystalline: A solid with a periodic arrangement of atoms that make-up crystals.

engineer: A person who applies her/his understanding of science and math to creating things for the benefit of humanity and our world.

nanometer: Length measurement that is equal to 1 x 10^-9m.

Opening Questions: Survey students' knowledge about nanotechnology by asking them the following questions before showing the attached presentation. Listen to student ideas, definitions and suggestions. See the Introduction/Motivation section for discussion points and answers.

• What is nanotechnology?
• What types of technologies and goods (products, services) do you think nanotechnology is a part of?

Closing Questions: At lesson conclusion, ask students to take five minutes and write out and hand in their own answers to the following questions. Review their answers to gauge their comprehension of the material presented.

• What are some example products and technologies that take advantage of nanotechnology?

Research: Have students research online articles on nanotechnology and write a summary to share with the class. 

Through three teacher-led demonstrations, students are shown samplers of real-world nanotechnology applications involving ferrofluids, quantum dots and gold nanoparticles. This nanomaterials engineering lesson introduces practical applications for nanotechnology and some scientific principles relate...

Students learn about the biomedical use of nanoparticles in the detection and treatment of cancer, including the use of quantum dots and lasers that heat-activate nanoparticles. They also learn about electrophoresis—a laboratory procedure that uses an electric field to move tiny particles through a ...

Students are introduced to the physical concept of the colors of rainbows as light energy in the form of waves with distinct wavelengths, but in a different manner than traditional kaleidoscopes. Looking at different quantum dot solutions, they make observations and measurements, and graph their dat...

Students are introduced to the technology of flexible circuits, some applications and the photolithography fabrication process. They are challenged to determine if the fabrication process results in a change in the circuit dimensions since, as circuits get smaller and smaller (nano-circuits), this c...

Sanders, Robert. "Single Nanotube Makes World's Smallest Radio." October 31, 2007. University of California-Berkeley. Accessed October 10, 2012. http://berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2007/10/31_NanoRadio.shtml

Contributors

Supporting program, acknowledgements.

This curriculum was created with the support of National Science Foundation GK-12 grant no. 0840889. However, these contents do not necessarily represent the policies of the National Science Foundation, and you should not assume endorsement by the federal government.

Last modified: July 21, 2023

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NANO MATERIALS

Jul 26, 2014

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NANO MATERIALS. Content INTRODUCTION WHAT ARE NANO MATERIALS WHAT MAKES A NANOMATERIALS CLASSICAL EXAMPLES CLASSIFICATION OF NANOMATERIALS. INTRODUCTION.

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• nano technology
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• above figure
• nanomaterials classical examples classification

Presentation Transcript

NANO MATERIALS Content INTRODUCTION WHAT ARE NANO MATERIALS WHAT MAKES A NANOMATERIALS CLASSICAL EXAMPLES CLASSIFICATION OF NANOMATERIALS

INTRODUCTION Nanomaterials are cornerstones of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Nanostructure science and technology is a broad and interdisciplinary area of research and development activity that has been growing explosively worldwide in the past few years. It has the potential for revolutionizing the ways in which materials and products are created and the range and nature of functionalities that can be accessed. It is already having a significant commercial impact, which will assuredly increase in the future.

WHAT ARE NANO MATERIALS Nanoscale materials are defined as a set of substances where at least one dimension is less than approximately 100 nanometers. A nanometer is one millionth of a millimeter - approximately 100,000 times smaller than the diameter of a human hair. Nanomaterials are of interest because at this scale unique optical, magnetic, electrical, and other properties emerge. These emergent properties have the potential for great impacts in electronics, medicine, and other fields.

WHAT MAKES A NANOMATERIALS Different materials properties stem from, among others: • The very large contribution of surfaces and interfaces • Discretisation at very small scale: breakdown of "infinite solid" electronic structure • Size becoming smaller than some critical lengths, for example: • Mean free path of electrons and phonons > thermal conduction! • Length of dislocation loops > plastic deformation in metals! • Critical defect size to initiate rupture > brittle fracture in ceramics and glasses! • Wavelength of light > particle size

CLASSICAL EXAMPLES • BUT: "old" nanomaterials were empirical developments (made without understanding the basic science). • Nanomaterials can come in bulk, macroscopic form • Nanomaterials ARE NOT new – only the term is • Glass tainted with nanoparticles : < 500 AD • Hardened aluminum alloys ~1910 • Anodizing aluminum ~1920 • Merging steel ~1960 • Thick-film resistors ~1970

CLASSIFICATION OF NANOMATERIALS Nanomaterials have extremely small size which having at least one dimension 100 nm or less. Nanomaterials can be nanoscale in one dimension (eg. surface films), two dimensions (eg. strands or fibres), or three dimensions (eg. particles). They can exist in single, fused, aggregated or agglomerated forms with spherical, tubular, and irregular shapes. Common types of nanomaterials include nanotubes, dendrimers, quantum dots and fullerenes. Nanomaterials have applications in the field of nano technology, and displays different physical chemical characteristics from normal chemicals (i.e., silver nano, carbon nanotube, fullerene, photo catalyst, carbon nano, silica). Nanomaterials are materials which are characterized by an ultra fine grain size (< 50 nm) or by a dimensionality limited to 50 nm. Nanomaterials can be created with various modulation dimensionalities as defined by Richard W. Siegel: zero (atomic clusters, filaments and cluster assemblies), one (multilayers), two (ultrafine-grained overlayers or buried layers), and three (nanophase materials consisting of equiaxed nanometer sized grains) as shown in the above figure 3.

According to Siegel, Nanostructured materials are classified as Zero dimensional, one dimensional, two dimensional, three dimensional nanostructures. 1D nanofibers, wires, and rods 2D films, plates, and networks 0D spheres and clusters 3D nanomaterials

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