essay on skill development in india local to global

Essay on Skill India Mission

By Sathyavathi

Essay on Skill India Mission – Today, India is on the cusp of demographic dividend. Demographic dividend or advantage occurs when a country’s working-age population is higher than the dependent population. Thus the number of youth is higher than the number of children and retired people. Many countries have reaped the benefits of having a large pool of a young population. Their economies grew at a faster rate. But rapid growth cannot be achieved with the population advantage alone. We need economic reforms and should motivate people to reach higher, come up with innovative ideas, and take bold decisions. With this perspective, the government of India launched the Skill India mission on 15 July 2015.

Objectives of Skill India mission:

• We are struggling with the academia-industry gap for years now. Though the number of colleges has mushroomed, students are not job-ready. They lack the skills that the workplace requires. The Skill India campaign aims to train over 40 crore people in different skills by 2022.
• The program not only wishes for employment but also strives to broaden the mindset of the youth. For actual progress, we need good entrepreneurs and scientists too.
• It also has provisions for the economic empowerment of the underprivileged youth such as skill loan scheme and aims to mitigate poverty.
• Through Skill India mission, the government wants the youth to meet both local demand and rank well on a global scale. For this, we have entered into partnerships with foreign countries and global companies.

Initiatives and schemes under the Skill India mission:

• The National Skill Development Corporation India (NSDC)  was set up. It is a Public-Private Partnership Company. It provides vocational training, capital grants, and industrial counseling. Thus the youth can directly contact the industry people to learn and seek solutions.
• Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana ( PMKVY ): Under the PMKVY scheme, various types of short term trainings are provided to unemployed youth. They are certified and also have placement opportunities.
• Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana: This is an employment scheme meant exclusively for the poor rural youth. This is a crucial program as we have about 55 million youths from low-income families in rural India.
• Green Skill Development Programme: It offers courses in green skills. Green skills are those skills that help in preserving the environment and also vie for a sustainable future. Practical sessions on biodiversity conservation, waste management, natural resource utilization, handicrafts business, etc., are covered under this program.

There are many other initiatives like craftsmen training scheme, apprenticeship training, skill development for minorities, financial assistance for people with disabilities, etc.

Progress of Skill India mission

As per the Press Information Bureau, more than one crore youth have joined the program and are benefitting from it. The government has signed Memorandums of Cooperation (MoCs) with countries like Japan, Russia, and the U.K. India participated in World Skill competitions and won various accolades. However, according to many economists and the industrial data, joblessness is on the rise. Though the number of people who acquired skills increased manifolds, only a few of them (around 30%) could get jobs. It implies that the government has to focus on job creation urgently. There are also reports that the schemes are ridden with scams, and the agents have created several fake beneficiaries. We can conclude that the schemes are excellent and very much required. But we need a central mechanism to monitor their implementation and track the outcomes.

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• March 17, 2023

Essay on Skill India

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Skill India is a flagship initiative launched by the Government of India in 2015 with the aim of empowering the Indian youth with relevant skills to enhance their employability and entrepreneurship opportunities. It is one of the most ambitious programs to bridge the gap between the demand and supply of skilled labor in the country.

The Skill India program is implemented through a vast network of over 25,000 training providers, including government and private training institutions, industry associations, and NGOs. The program offers a range of courses, from basic skills training to advanced technical courses, to cater to the needs of different sections of the population, including school dropouts, women, and minorities. The courses are designed to provide hands-on training to ensure that learners acquire practical skills to make them job-ready.

One of the key features of the Skill India program is its focus on industry partnerships. The government has collaborated with leading companies and industry associations to design and deliver training programs that are aligned with industry needs. This ensures that the skills acquired by learners are relevant and up-to-date. The program also offers financial incentives to companies that hire and train apprentices, making it more attractive for employers to invest in skill development.

Another important aspect of the Skill India program is its emphasis on digital technology. The program offers a range of online courses and digital tools to help learners acquire new skills and improve their employability. The government has also launched several mobile apps and portals, such as the National Skills Qualification Framework (NSQF) and the Skill India Portal, to make it easier for learners to access training and job opportunities.

The Skill India initiative has several benefits. It provides a platform for the youth to acquire new skills and improve their employability. It also helps to address the issue of unemployment in the country by creating a more skilled and productive workforce. The program’s focus on industry partnerships and digital technology ensures that learners acquire relevant and up-to-date skills that are in demand in the job market.

However, Skill India also faces some challenges. The quality of training provided by some of the training providers may not be up to the mark. This can result in learners acquiring inadequate skills that may not be sufficient for employment. Despite the extensive network of training providers, Skill India may not reach all sections of the population, especially those in rural areas. Funding constraints can limit the program’s reach and impact.

In conclusion, Skill India is a crucial step towards building a more skilled and productive workforce in India. The program’s focus on industry partnerships, digital technology, and financial incentives has helped to make it more effective in addressing the country’s skill development challenges. As the program continues to expand, it is expected to have a transformative impact on the Indian economy, creating new opportunities for growth and development. The government, training providers, and industry stakeholders need to work together to address the challenges faced by Skill India and ensure that it achieves its full potential.

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• From local talent to global force: Bridging the skills gap for India's overseas workforce

• Manoj Kharb ,
• ETGovernment
• Updated On Jun 13, 2024 at 06:52 AM IST

• Identifying Pre-Skilled Candidates : Assessing the existing skill sets of potential emigrants through standardized tests and certifications enables targeted training programs focused on specific skill gaps.
• Finishing Schools with International Standards : Finishing schools need to be established across states, adhering to standards aligned with international industry needs. Incorporating technology upgrades and engaging internationally qualified trainers will ensure the effectiveness of these schools.
• Language Training : Fluency in the language of the destination country is essential for successful integration into the workforce. The skilling model should include language training programs that go beyond basic conversational skills, focusing on business communication and industry-specific terminology.
• Integrated Support Services : Additional support services should include assistance with work visa applications, travel arrangements, and financial literacy programs to empower workers to make informed decisions regarding their earnings and investments.
• Financial Literacy : Incorporating financial literacy programs further strengthens the skilling model. Equipping workers with financial management skills empowers them to maximize the benefits of overseas employment and make wise financial decisions.
• Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Funds : Skill development is a key objective mandated by CSR, but it's predominantly focused on domestic placements. Corporates could expand their support to include overseas markets that offer greater income-earning potential. However, this expansion requires increased multi-stakeholder involvement. Strategic partnerships with private companies can provide financial resources for setting up crucial components of the skilling model.
• By Manoj Kharb ,
• Published On Jun 13, 2024 at 06:52 AM IST

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Skilling India: An Indian Perspective in the Global Context

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Perspective: Skilling India for the World

• 18 Jan 2024
• 14 min read
• GS Paper - 2
• Skill Development

For Prelims: Demographic Dividend , United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) , White Collar Workforce, Gray Collar Workforce, Blue Collar Workforce, World Skills Competition , National Skill Development Mission , National Policy on Skill Development and Entrepreneurship , Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana , Skill India Portal , National Skill Qualification Framework (NSQF) , National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 , High-Speed Internet , Economic Liberalization , Open market

For Mains : Significance of India’s skill development initiative to facilitate the availability of skilled workforce across the world.

Why in News?

Recently, the Prime Minister of India asserted India's capability to emerge as a leading supplier of skilled workforce across the world.

• India’s journey towards becoming a global economic powerhouse hinges on tapping the potential of its skilled manpower.
• This will not only enable India to take advantage of its demographic dividend but will also accelerate its economic growth as it moves towards becoming the third-largest economy in the world.

What are Demographic Dividends?

• According to the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) , demographic dividend means, "the economic growth potential that can result from shifts in a population’s age structure, mainly when the share of the working-age population (15 to 64) is larger than the non-working-age share of the population (14 and younger, and 65 and older)".
• Since 2018 , India’s working-age population (people between 15 and 64 years of age) has grown larger than the dependent population (children aged 14 or below as well as people above 65 years of age).
• This bulge in the working-age population is going to last till 2055 , or 37 years from its beginning.
• This transition happens largely because of a decrease in the total fertility rate (TFR, which is the number of births per woman) after the increase in life expectancy gets stabilised.

Why is India Going to Become the Skill Hub of the World?

• India currently has the youngest population, necessitating the creation of jobs, entrepreneurship, or other opportunities.
• Populations in developed countries are ageing.
• The WorldSkills Competition is a global event where skilled individuals from various countries showcase their talents and competencies in different vocational and technical skills.
• The world values the Indian workforce because of their strong language adaptability, allowing them to work effectively in any country.

What is the Possible Categorization of the Entire Workforce?

• These workers are typically office-based, often dressed in suits and ties with white-collared shirts.
• Their roles commonly include desk work in clerical, administrative, or managerial settings, distinguishing them from blue-collar workers by the absence of physically demanding tasks.
• In contemporary terms, these jobs span various industries such as technology, healthcare, and service or hospitality.
• Seasoned grey-collar workers often apply skill sets acquired through real-world experience, trade or technical schools, as well as certifications and licences.
• Common blue-collar jobs include welders, mechanics, electricians, and construction workers.
• Some roles are highly specialized, such as power plant operators, power distributors, and nuclear power plant operators.
• The diversity within the blue-collar workforce encompasses both skilled and unskilled workers, contributing significantly to various sectors of the economy.

What is the Gig Economy?

• Gig economy is characterised by a flexible labour market where short-term positions are frequent, and organisations hire independent workers for temporary engagements.
• According to a report by Boston Consulting Group, India’s gig workforce comprises 15 million workers employed across industries such as software, shared services and professional services.
• According to a 2019 report by the India Staffing Federation , India is the fifth largest in flexi-staffing globally, after the US, China, Brazil and Japan.

What are the Growth Drivers of the Gig Economy in India?

• Rise of the Internet and Mobile Technology: The widespread adoption of smartphones and the availability of high-speed internet have made it easier for workers and businesses to connect through online platforms , facilitating the growth of the gig economy.
• Economic Liberalisation : The Indian government's economic liberalisation policies have led to increased competition and a more open market , which has encouraged the growth of the gig economy.
• Increasing Demand for Flexible Work: The gig economy is particularly attractive for Indian workers who are looking for flexible work arrangements that allow them to balance their personal and professional lives.
• Demographic factors: The gig economy is also driven by the large and growing number of young, educated and ambitious Indians who are seeking to improve their livelihoods with side income generation.

How has the Skill Ecosystem been Developed Through Various Initiatives?

• The National Policy on Skill Development and Entrepreneurship outlines eleven major paradigms and enablers to achieve the objectives of skilling India, such as aspiration and advocacy, capacity, quality, synergy, mobilisation and engagement, global partnerships, etc.
• The policy also proposes a framework called the National Skill Qualification Framework (NSQF) to align the skill standards with the formal education system and the industry requirements.
• The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 emphasizes a credit system, with 40% of credits dedicated to skills development.
• Collaboration between academia, industry , and training providers is crucial for dynamic skill development.

What is the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC)?

• The National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) is tasked with creating an ecosystem for the migration of the Indian workforce to the international market.
• NSDC is a not-for-profit public limited company and set up by the Ministry of Finance as a Public Private Partnership (PPP) model.
• The Government of India through the Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship (MSDE) holds 49% of the share capital of NSDC, while the private sector has the balance 51% of the share capital.
• NSDC aims to promote skill development by catalysing creation of large, quality and for-profit vocational institutions.
• The organisation provides funding to build scalable and profitable vocational training initiatives.

What are the Challenges in the Skilling Ecosystem in India?

• Many skill development programs in India were criticised for their lack of alignment with industry requirements.
• Outdated curriculum and inadequate practical training often led to a gap between the skills acquired and the skills demanded by employers.
• Uneven distribution of training infrastructure across regions posed a challenge, with rural areas often having limited access to skill development opportunities.
• Lack of proper facilities and technology in training institutes impacted the overall quality of skilling programs.
• The integration of technology in skill development programs is not uniform. Lack of access to digital resources and inadequate technological infrastructure hindered the adoption of online learning and e-skilling initiatives.
• The regulatory framework for skill development needed refinement to adapt to changing industry needs and technological advancements.
• Streamlining and simplifying the accreditation and certification processes were areas that required attention.
• Effective monitoring and evaluation mechanisms were often lacking, making it challenging to assess the impact of skilling programs and identify areas for improvement.

Way Forward

• Implement quality assurance mechanisms to ensure that skill development programs adhere to industry standards. Establish accreditation bodies to certify the quality of training institutes.
• Strengthen collaboration between educational institutions and industries to ensure that curriculum align with current industry needs. Establish industry advisory boards to guide the development of skill programs.
• Develop flexible and modular skill programs that allow learners to acquire skills in a phased manner. This approach can cater to the needs of individuals with different educational backgrounds and career aspirations.
• Ensure that financial constraints do not hinder access to skill development. Explore models for financial assistance, scholarships, or low-interest loans to support individuals in pursuing skilling programs.

UPSC Civil Services Examination Previous Year Question (PYQ)

Q. With reference to Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana, consider the following statements: (2018)

• It is the flagship scheme of the Ministry of Labour and Employment.
• It, among other things, will also impart training in soft skills, entrepreneurship, and financial and digital literacy.
• It aims to align the competencies of the unregulated workforce of the country to the National Skill Qualification Framework.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

• Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) is a flagship scheme for skill training of youth implemented by the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship through the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC). Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
• The individuals with prior learning experience or skills shall be assessed and certified under the Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) component of the Scheme. RPL aims to align the competencies of the unregulated workforce of the country to the NSQF.
• Skill training would be based on the National Skill Qualification Framework (NSQF) and industry-led standards. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
• Apart from providing training according to the NSQF, training centres shall also impart training in soft skills, entrepreneurship, and financial and digital literacy. Hence, statement 2 is correct. Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.

Q: Examine the role of ‘Gig Economy’ in the process of empowerment of women in India. (2021)

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Q: “Earn while you learn scheme needs to be strengthened to make vocational education and skill training meaningful.” Comment (2021)

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Explained: Here's why skill development is a key to inclusive growth

When skill development is undertaken with the focus on contributing to structural transformation, it automatically results in labour productivity and inclusive growth..

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As per the Global Skills Gap Report, the Indian workforce reported the highest skills gap after Brazil. Currently, India has one of the largest workforces in the world. Nearly 500 million people are of working age with the domestic labour market being second only to China.

WHAT INDIA SKILLS REPORT SAYS

NATIONAL APPRENTICESHIP PROMOTION SCHEME (NAPS)

Short term training, focus domain, reduce migration.

Advanced skilling programmes for such livelihoods can reduce migration and increase independence while creating self-employment opportunities in the otherwise limited SEZs of India. In January 2022, the Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Indira Gandhi Open University (IGNOU).

This MoU was in alignment with the Sustainable Development Goal 4.4 and the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 for increasing Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in higher education, including vocational education, to 50 % by 2035. The aim of this partnership is to create ways for work opportunities for the country's youth and to strengthen their vocational and technical training framework.

Article by: Siddharth Chaturvedi - Director - AISECT

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• Skill India Mission

Skill India Mission [Govt. Schemes for UPSC]

Skill India Mission is a government scheme launched in 2015. It is an umbrella scheme that has many skilling schemes and programmes under it. The chief objective is to empower the youth of the country with adequate skill sets that will enable their employment in relevant sectors and also improve productivity. Government schemes are an important part of the UPSC syllabus .

Skill India Mission – Latest Updates

• Assam’s Chief Minister Sarbananda Sonowal laid the foundations for the first East India Skills University in the Darrang district, which aims to educate more than 10,000 students in 12 disciplines.

Aspirants would find this article very helpful while preparing for the  IAS Exam .

Skill India Objectives

The chief objective of the Skill India Mission is to provide market-relevant skills training to more than 40 crore young people in the country by the year 2023.

• The mission intends to create opportunities and space for the development of talents in Indian youth.
• It aims to develop those sectors which have been put under skill development for the last many years, and also to recognize new sectors for skill development.

Other objectives are:

• Closing the gap between skill required by the industry and skills people possess for employment generation.
• Reducing poverty in the country.
• Increasing the competitiveness of Indian businesses.
• Ensuring that skill training imparted is relevant and of quality.
• Preparing Indians to take on the world manpower/resources market.
• Diversifying the existing skill development programmes to meet today’s challenges.
• Building actual competencies rather than giving people mere qualifications.
• Offering opportunities for lifelong learning for developing skills.
• Augmenting better and active engagement of social partners and building a strong public-private partnership in skill development.
• Mobilising adequate investments for financing skills development sustainable.

Features of Skill India

There are many features to the Skill India Mission that make it different from the previous skill development missions.

• The focus is on improving the employability of the youth so that they get employment and also enhances entrepreneurship among them.
• The mission offers training, guidance, and support for all traditional types of employment like weavers, cobblers, carpenters, welders, masons, blacksmiths, nurses, etc.
• New domains will also be emphasised on such as real estate, transportation, construction, gem industry, textiles, banking, jewellery designing, tourism, and other sectors where the level of skill is inadequate.
• Training imparted would be of international standards so that India’s youth get jobs not only in India but also abroad where there is demand.
• An important feature is the creation of a new hallmark ‘Rural India Skill’.
• Customised need-based programmes would be started for specific age groups in communication, life, and positive thinking skills, language skills, behavioural skills, management skills, etc.
• The course methodology would also not be unconventional and would be innovative. It would involve games, brainstorming sessions, group discussions, case studies, and so on.

Why does India need a skills development programme?

As of a 2014 report, India’s formally skilled workforce is just 2%. Additionally, there is a huge problem of employability among the educated workforce of the country. Lack of vocational or professional skills makes it difficult for the youth to adapt to changing demands and technologies of the marketplace. The high level of unemployment is due to the failure to get jobs and also due to a lack of competency and training.

• A study by the Skill Development Council (NSDC) indicates that there will be a need for around 12 crores of skilled manpower by 2022 across 24 key sectors.
• Casual workers, who constitute about 90% of the labour force, are poorly skilled as they do not get adequate training. Current vocational training programmes do not meet their demands.
• There is a problem of social acceptability when it comes to vocational education. Vocational courses are looked down upon and this needs to change.
• Another factor that acts as an obstacle to skill development in India is the myriad labour laws. However, the government has started simplifying and codifying the labour laws. With simpler laws, practising skill development should be easier.
• Changing technology is a big challenge and opportunity for the labour force. Employees will have to constantly upgrade their skills if they are to remain relevant in the job market.
• There is a problem with the lack of infrastructure in the current training institutes.
• Another problem is the poor quality of trainers available. Students trained by such trainers are not employable in the industry.
• There is a big issue with the standardisation of skills in the country. New schemes are designed to resolve this issue by having nationwide standards that also stand up to international benchmarks.

Skilling is important because of the following factors:

• Demographic dividend: Most major economies of the world have an aging population. India, with a favourable demographic dividend, can grab this opportunity and serve the manpower market. But, for this adequate skilling is to be provided to up the employability. To capitalise on this, there is only a narrow demographic window, that of a few decades.
• The percentage of the workforce receiving skill training is only 10% in India which is very small compared to other countries – Germany (75%), Japan (80%), South Korea (96%).
• Sectoral mobilisation: As productivity improves in agriculture due to increased mechanisation, there will be fewer people required in the farming sector. There will thus be a shift from this sector to other secondary and tertiary activities.

Sub-schemes under Skill India

Skill India is an umbrella mission under which there are multiple schemes and programmes with specialised focus areas. The sub-schemes are as follows.

National Skill Development Mission (NSDM)

The NSDM was launched for creating convergence across various sectors and different states with respect to activities relating to skills training. The mission, apart from consolidating and coordinating skilling efforts, would also facilitate decision making across sectors to achieve quality skilling on a large scale.

For more on the National Skill Development Mission , click on the linked article.

Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)

PMKVY is a skill certification scheme that aims to encourage the young population of the country to take up training which is industry-relevant and builds them in skill development.

The scheme contains many specialised components such as the National Skills Qualifications Framework (NSQF) , Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL), Kaushal, and Rozgar Melas among others. For more on the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) , click on the linked article.

Indian Skill Development Service

The Indian Skill Development Services (ISDS) is a new central government service that has been created especially for the training directorate of the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship. It is a Group ‘A’ service and is expected to give a big push to the government’s skilling initiatives by drastically enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of the various schemes in this domain. The qualifying exam for this service is the Indian Engineering Service Exam conducted by the UPSC. The idea behind the ISDS is to attract young and talented people into the skill development domain and make skilling initiatives successful in the country.

National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship 2015

The chief objective of this policy is to match the challenge of skilling at scale with speed, standard (quality), and sustainability. It aims to offer an umbrella framework to all skilling activities carried out within India, to align them to common standards and connect skilling with demand centres. In addition to laying down the objectives and expected outcomes, the policy also identifies the overall institutional framework which will act as a means to achieve the expected results. 

Skill Loan Scheme

Under this scheme, loans ranging from Rs.5000 to Rs. 1.5 lakhs will be provided for those seeking to attend skill development programmes. The idea behind the scheme is to remove financial hurdles for people who want to upgrade their skills and learn new skills.

Other schemes:

The Ministry is implementing many other schemes in the skill development domain along with the above major schemes. One such important scheme is the Pradhan Mantri Yuva Udyamita Vikas Abhiyan (PM-YUVA).

• It is a centrally-sponsored scheme related to entrepreneurship education and training.
• The development and education of entrepreneurship to all citizens free of cost through Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) and eLearning systems.
• The designing of assessment and certification mechanism for the same.
• To equip institutes (schools and colleges) to help them deliver entrepreneurship educational programmes of global standards.
• Also to focus on social entrepreneurship promotion.
• The creation of an online web-based platform that connects entrepreneurs, investors, financial institutions, and business services such as legal, accounting, HR, and technology services.
• The setting up of a national mentor network for budding entrepreneurs.
• Create a network of incubators, credit agencies, business service providers, and accelerators.
• Establishment of a National Entrepreneurship Resource and Coordination Hub to coordinate and support entrepreneurship development programmes.
• The creation of a culture of dynamic entrepreneurship by way of branding and the media.
• Promote entrepreneurship research and advocacy.
• Include social entrepreneurship awareness programmes for the marginal sections like SC/ST and minority.

Apprenticeship Protsahan Yojana:

This scheme revamps the Apprenticeship Act, 1961 to make the legal framework conducive to both the industry as well as young people.

Kickstart your UPSC 2023  Preparation today!

Skill India Mission – Indian Polity:- Download PDF Here

UPSC Questions related to Skill India

Why was the skill india mission started.

The Skill India Mission was started to provide market-relevant skills training to more than 40 crore young people in the country by the year 2022.

Why skill development is important?

Skills development is important for making the youth employable in various sectors and also to meet the requirements of the industry in today’s changing environment.

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From local talent to global force: Bridging the skills gap for India's overseas workforce

Indian professionals are making their mark across industries around the world. In 2023, remittances sent back home by these workers reached a staggering $125 billion (World Bank, 2023), an impressive 12.3% surge from 2022. Translating to 3.4% of India's GDP, these remittances highlight the significant financial contribution of overseas workforce.

However, a hidden challenge lurks beneath this success story. A skills mismatch hinders career advancement and earning potential. While India boasts a robust skilling ecosystem churning out millions of skilled workers each year, the traditional focus often leans towards theoretical knowledge rather than the practical application and industry-specific skills craved by global employers. This gap leaves some Indian workers unprepared for the fast-paced demands of international companies.

Data from the World Bank (2023) reveals that India is the world's leading recipient of remittances, followed by Mexico and China. In 2023, India received a significant portion (66%) of all remittances flowing to South Asia, exceeding the previous year's figure of 63%. Notably, inward remittances to India have witnessed a substantial increase (78.5%) over the past decade.

One of the key factors contributing to rising remittances to India is declining inflation and strong labour markets in high-income source countries, including the United States, United Kingdom, and Singapore. These three countries account for 36% of total remittance flows to India. Another factor is the higher inflows from the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), especially the United Arab Emirates, which accounts for 18% of India's total remittances, the second-largest source after the US.

There's been a gradual shift in both the destinations Indian migrants choose and the types of skills they possess. Traditionally, Indian migrants in GCC countries often found themselves in low-skilled, informal work. This trend is changing, with a growing number of migrants landing high-skilled positions in high-income nations like the US, UK, and East Asia (including Singapore, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand). As new destinations in Europe emerge for Indian workers, a more comprehensive understanding of the specific skill requirements in each region becomes crucial.

The Indian government is trying to address the skills gap through various initiatives. For instance, NSDC International collaborates with many countries to assess job demand. Similarly, Pravasi Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PKVY), a joint initiative by the Ministry of External Affairs and Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship, equips workers with cultural skills for international integration.

While these initiatives are beneficial, there is a need for a more localized approach. Skilling initiatives should be prioritized at the state level, with dedicated schemes to address the manpower required for overseas opportunities conceptualized in consultation with local partners, recruiting agencies, and embassies. States such as Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Odisha, and Assam have the potential to benefit tremendously, given their young population. However, this potential can be fully realized only with the support of conducive ecosystems for international markets provided by the respective state governments. Studies show a clear correlation between remittances and improved economic indicators in several Indian states. Punjab and Kerala, for instance, have witnessed a rise in overall income levels due to remittances sent back by migrant workers employed overseas.

A Holistic International Skilling Model

Developing a comprehensive skilling model or scheme is crucial to effectively bridge the skill gap in the workforce. This model should encompass various elements:

Identifying Pre-Skilled Candidates: Assessing the existing skill sets of potential emigrants through standardized tests and certifications enables targeted training programs focused on specific skill gaps.

Finishing Schools with International Standards: Finishing schools need to be established across states, adhering to standards aligned with international industry needs. Incorporating technology upgrades and engaging internationally qualified trainers will ensure the effectiveness of these schools.

Language Training: Fluency in the language of the destination country is essential for successful integration into the workforce. The skilling model should include language training programs that go beyond basic conversational skills, focusing on business communication and industry-specific terminology.

Integrated Support Services: Additional support services should include assistance with work visa applications, travel arrangements, and financial literacy programs to empower workers to make informed decisions regarding their earnings and investments.

Financial Literacy: Incorporating financial literacy programs further strengthens the skilling model. Equipping workers with financial management skills empowers them to maximize the benefits of overseas employment and make wise financial decisions.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Funds: Skill development is a key objective mandated by CSR, but it's predominantly focused on domestic placements. Corporates could expand their support to include overseas markets that offer greater income-earning potential. However, this expansion requires increased multistakeholder involvement. Strategic partnerships with private companies can provide financial resources for setting up crucial components of the skilling model.

The future of work demands continuous learning and adaptability. A well-rounded skilling model, encompassing the elements discussed above, can pave the way for a more competitive and globally relevant Indian workforce, leading to increased remittances, economic growth at the national and state levels, and a stronger global presence.

This article first appeared in ET Government on 13 June 2024.

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CBSE Expression Series 2023-24: Skill Development in India from Local to Global

The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has announced the 1st CBSE Expression Series for the Session 2023-24. This year’s theme is “Skill Development in India: From Local to Global.” Students from primary to senior secondary levels can participate in this series by writing an essay, poem, paragraph, or painting on the given topics. In this article, we will provide you with a complete guide on CBSE Expression Series 2023-24, including the topics, categories, guidelines, and submission process.

Table of Contents

Topics for the cbse expression series 2023-24.

The theme for the 1st CBSE Expression Series for the Session 2023-24 is “Skill Development in India: From Local to Global.” The following are the topics for different categories:

• A famous Indian personality who achieved success through his/her skills
• Skills a child needs to excel
• According to me, the best example of Kabaad se Jugaad is….
• Local skill of my district which I can promote
• Emerging industries and required skills
• Role of Education in Skill Development
• Globalization and need for globally-relevant skills
• Skill development for inclusive and sustainable economic growth

Categories and Mediums

Students from different categories can participate in this series using the following mediums:

• Primary (Class 3 to 5) : Paragraph (150 words) or painting
• Middle (Class 6 to 8) : Essay (400 words), painting, or poem
• Secondary (Class 9 to 10) : Essay (700 words), painting, or poem
• Senior Secondary (Class 11 to 12) : Essay (1000 words), painting, or poem

Conduct of the Expression Series

Conduct at the school level.

Schools should organize the school-level Expression Series during school hours on the above topics from 24th April to 3rd May 2023. Schools should inform all students about the conduct of the Expression Series. For participation in Expression Series activities such as Essays, Paragraphs, Paintings, Poems, etc., participants’ sheet given as Annexure I should be used or a sheet with all the details given therein.

Photographs and Essays can be written in Hindi or English. Schools should complete the evaluation of entries and shortlist one entry per category (total 04 entries from a school) for onward submission to CBSE. Entries must be supported by a Certificate of the Head of the Institution/ Teacher In-charge that the entry is the original work of the participant.

Submission of the Shortlisted Entry by Schools to CBSE

After the shortlisting process is completed, the selected entries need to be submitted to CBSE. The submission process may vary depending on the competition, and schools must carefully read the instructions provided by CBSE. The entries may need to be submitted in a particular format or through a specific platform.

Guidelines for Entry Submission by School

CBSE provides detailed guidelines for entry submission by schools. Schools must ensure that they follow these guidelines to avoid disqualification. Some of the common guidelines include:

• Ensure that the entry is in the required format, such as a video, essay, or painting.
• Provide the necessary details of the student, such as name, roll number, and class.
• Upload the entry on the specified platform within the given deadline.
• Ensure that the entry is original and not copied from any other source.

FAQs: Q. What are the eligibility criteria for CBSE Expression Series competitions? A. The eligibility criteria vary depending on the competition. However, in general, students studying in CBSE-affiliated schools are eligible to participate.

Q. Can students participate in more than one competition in CBSE Expression Series? A. Yes, students can participate in multiple competitions, provided they meet the eligibility criteria and follow the submission guidelines.

Q. What are the prizes for CBSE Expression Series ? A. CBSE provides various prizes, such as certificates, medals, and cash prizes, to the winners of the competitions.

Participating in CBSE Expression Series can help students showcase their talents and gain recognition. Schools must encourage students to participate in these competitions and provide them with the necessary guidance and resources. By following the submission guidelines and ensuring that the entries are original, schools can increase their chances of winning prizes and gaining recognition at the national level.

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India’s Sustainable Development Goal Journey: Progress and Pathways

• First Online: 28 August 2024

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• Baiju Pallayil 8 ,
• Jithin Joseph 9 ,
• Sivaprasad Veluthedan 10 ,
• Sameena Moulana Manzil Siddique 11 ,
• Aryamol Kottappalla Bhaskaran 9 &
• Uma Maheswary 9  

Part of the book series: Studies in Systems, Decision and Control ((SSDC,volume 535))

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This article presents a comprehensive assessment of India’s progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) from 2000 to 2022, with a particular focus on the first 10 SDG goals. Through rigorous scrutiny of crucial indicators, the paper explores outcomes and challenges in India’s pursuit of a sustainable future. Key findings include a substantial decline in the poverty headcount ratio, improvements in youth literacy rates, and a positive trend in maternal healthcare. Despite notable progress, challenges persist, such as an increase in malnutrition rates and disparities in women’s business ownership. The analysis emphasizes the need for persistent efforts to sustain gains and address evolving challenges. The study contributes valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders, equipping them with knowledge to navigate a more equitable and secure world in the coming decade. The findings underscore the importance of continued efforts to promote renewable energy consumption, address disparities in access to sanitation, and achieve inclusive and sustainable economic growth. While progress is evident, the article highlights the ongoing work required to make remittance services more affordable and accessible to all migrant communities, aligning with the commitment to SDG 10c.

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Department of Economics, Kristu Jayanti College, Bengaluru, India

Baiju Pallayil

Department of English, Kristu Jayanti College, Bengaluru, India

Jithin Joseph, Aryamol Kottappalla Bhaskaran & Uma Maheswary

Department of Professional Management Studies, Kristu Jayanti College, Bengaluru, India

Sivaprasad Veluthedan

Department of Sociology, Kristu Jayanti College, Bengaluru, India

Sameena Moulana Manzil Siddique

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Correspondence to Baiju Pallayil .

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Adnan Kassar School of Business, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon

Rim El Khoury

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Pallayil, B., Joseph, J., Veluthedan, S., Siddique, S.M.M., Bhaskaran, A.K., Maheswary, U. (2024). India’s Sustainable Development Goal Journey: Progress and Pathways. In: El Khoury, R. (eds) Anticipating Future Business Trends: Navigating Artificial Intelligence Innovations. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, vol 535. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63569-4_37

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63569-4_37

Published : 28 August 2024

Publisher Name : Springer, Cham

Print ISBN : 978-3-031-63568-7

Online ISBN : 978-3-031-63569-4

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