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How To Teach The G Sound

To make the /g/ sound bring the back of the up to the roof of your mouth. The tongue should tap against the soft spot known as the soft palate. Quickly pull the tongue down and release air over the tongue. Turn your voice on by vibrating your vocal folds. This quick movement, burst of air, and voicing produces the /g/ sound.

At What Age Should a Child Say the G Sound?

Most English speaking children can say the G sound around age 2-3.*

What is the Difference Between g and /g/?

The written symbols, G and g, refer to the name of the letter “g”. When you see the g between diagonal lines, /g/, that refers to the sound the letter makes, /g/.

G is a letter name.

/g/ is the sound it makes.

What Are K and G Sounds?

K and G are paired together because they are made the same way, with one difference, our voice. The muscles in our mouth move the same way to make both sounds except our voice is “turned on” for the G and not the K. This means we vibrate or move our vocal folds as air passes through them to make a sound.

G is voiced.

K is unvoiced .

Hold your hand to your throat and say /g/. Can you feel the vibration?

Now say the /k/ sound. Just air, no vibration.

(Learn more voiced and voiceless pairs of sounds here.)

How Do You Practice the G Sound?

It depends.

Understanding why your child is having difficulty making this sound is important. A speech therapist can do an evaluation to make a diagnosis. What words you choose and activities will vary depending on the cause.

Click here to read more about types of speech sound disorders and treatment

Initial G Word List

Medial G Word List

Final G Word List

Activity Ideas for Practicing the G Sound

Practice Common Words

Write down a list of words with G that your child uses. Think of as many things (nouns), actions (verbs), and descriptive words (adjectives) as you can.

Nouns: dog, pig, goose…

Verbs: go, get, give…

Adjectives: good, big, sag…

Games and Toys

Look for games and toys that include a lot of G words.

Race and say “Ready. Set. (pause) Go!”

Play Go Fish or Duck Duck Goose

Dig in the sandbox

Sing This Little Piggy Went to Market

Drop coins in a piggy bank

Find books that have G words in them.

Think about characters, places, and objects (nouns)

What G action words does it have?

Does the book use descriptive words (adjectives with G words?)

Make your own G word book!

Speech Therapy Materials

Check out the resources on the right side of the page for ideas.

Or Shop Here .

McLeod, S. & Crowe, K. (2018). Children’s consonant acquisition in 27 languages: A cross-linguistic review. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. doi:10.1044/2018_AJSLP-17-0100. Available from: https://ajslp.pubs.asha.org/article.aspx?articleid=2701897

600+ G Words Lists for Speech Therapy Articulation

If you’re a parent or a speech therapist in need of word lists for the g sound then you’ve come to the right place! Below are over 600 g words for speech therapy.

Use the links below to help navigate this post:

• G Words Overview
• Flash Cards – Initial G (word, phrase, sentence, + question)
• Word Level – Initial G
• Word Level – Medial G
• Word Level – Final G
• Phrase Level – Initial G
• Phrase Level – Medial G
• Phrase Level – Final G
• Sentence Level – Initial G
• Sentence Level Medial G
• Sentence Level Final G
• Additional G Word Resources

Correct Production

The g sound is a back sound. It is made by placing the back of the tongue against the soft palate in the back of the mouth. 

If you’re wondering what the soft palate is, it is the little bit of soft roof area in the back of the mouth.

You can help your child practice by placing their tongue in the correct position against the soft palate using a tongue depressor. 

Once you’ve located the soft palate with the tongue depressor then place the back part of your tongue against the soft palate.

You can also have your child or student practice their tongue placement and tongue tip in front of a mirror.

The g sound is also a voiced sound so your voice box or vocal cords should vibrate. 

You can tell that their voice is turned on by touching your voice box on your neck and feeling it vibrate.

Another thing to keep in mind is that the g sound can be a hard g, such as before a consonant “glass” or before a back vowel (a, o, u) as in “goat” or at the end of a word like “log”. 

A soft g is when the “g” sound makes the /j/ sound when the g sound is followed by the vowels (e, i, or y) such as “giant” or a word of Greek origin that begins with the letters gy- such as the word “gymnastics”. 

Hard G and Soft G Free Posters by Make Take Teach – Want to learn more about the hard g and soft g? Be sure to grab these free posters to get you started. They are a perfect poster and have at your fingertips!

Speech Sound Visual Posters by A Perfect Blend – Wish you had a visual cue? Then be sure to print out these visual sound posters! Not only are they helpful, but they are super cute as well.

G Words Speech Therapy

If you’re a speech language pathologist or a parent of a child working on the g sound then you’ve come to the right place. Below are over 600 g word lists to practice the g sound. 

Not only is this list of g words perfect for at home practice, but speech-language pathologists can pull up this list anytime for a quick and easy speech therapy session.

Target Words

Here’s a list of g articulation sounds for you to use in therapy or at home practice to work on your student or child’s new skill.

• For Example: go, goat, goal, gate, gutter, gas, hedgehog, eagle, finger, kangaroo, wagon, magnet, bug, log, dog, rug, egg, tag

See the full list of words, phrases, and sentences below.

You can also grab my one page freebie of g sounds below. Simply scroll to the bottom of this post and grab your free copy!

Word Positions: G Words Speech Therapy 

Initial position of words.

The initial position of the g sound is at the beginning of a word. For example, “goat” or “got”.

Medial Position of Words

When the g sound is in the middle of a word it is in the medial position of a word, such as “hamburger”, “tiger”, and “dragon”.

Final Positions of Words

The final positions of words are when the target sound is at the end of a word. For example, “mug” or “dig”.

For your unlimited use, I’ve gone ahead and gathered over 600 g words to work on your student’s or child’s speech. 

Word Level: G Words Speech Therapy

One way to practice is to have your child or student practice their target sound at the word level.

Below is a list of initial g words, medial g words, and final g words. Although the list isn’t always in alphabetical order it can be fun to mix and match.

In addition, I’ve compiled an easy-to-download practice printable or digital pages of the g sound below. Simply scroll down to the bottom of this post and download your free copy.

Back to Top

Initial: G Words Speech Therapy

• 1 Syllable: go, gag, gold, gas, gap, gun, gum, gut, guy, gain, gale, game, gasp, gate, gawk, gaze, gear, geek, gig, girl, goat, give, goal, goes, good, gone, gown, golf, gush, geese, gift, gills, goose, gorge, gourd, guard, guest, gulf, guilt, gulls, gunk, gust, gauze, guide, gold, gob, guess, gust, guts, gasp, guest, gulp, gear, gunk, ghost, gab, Gail, gash, gale, guest, gulp, guy, Gus, gauge, gong
• 2 Syllable: gallop, gasses, gecko, giddy, gimpy, going, goofy, gooey, gumbo, gummy, gaggle, galore, garage, garlic, geyser, gibbon, giggle, girdle, goalie, goblet, goggle, gopher, gospel, gossip, govern, guitar, gallon, gamble, garbage, gargle, garden, garnish, gateway, gazelle, goodbye, gumball, gumdrop, guppies, gainless, garland, garment, goalpost, goatskin, goldfish, goodness, goodwill, gorgeous, gurgle, goldsmith, guestroom, guestbook, guidebook, given, golden, gator, girlfriend, gutter, guidance, giving, gobble, golf cart, gather, guppy, garfield, gallon, gourmet, gazette, guilty, galley, guideline, guzzle, go kart, gameboard, gadget, gala, Gilbert, gizzard, gimmick, goatee, Gordon, Gary, Gavin, goldfinch, gumption, guppy, gifted, Google
• 3 Syllable: galaxy, gallery, gazebo, gorilla, gourmet, goulash, galactic, gasoline, giveaway, gondola, governor, gullible, gardening, gathering, godfather, godmother, guardian, guitarist, godparents, goldilocks, gooseberry, government, guarantee, governess, goalkeeper, getaway, guardianship, gardener, Gabriel, gigantic
• 4 Syllable: gardenia, gazillion, gallivanted, guacamole, goldendoodle, guardianship

Practice in Flash Card Mode Right Here from Your Computer!

Medial: G Words Speech Therapy

• 1 Syllable: clogged, wagged
• 2 Syllable: angle, sugar, tiger, Megan, anger, vegan, penguin, kingdom, Logan, eagle, organ, gagging, biggest, ego, wagon, baggage, roger, finger, goggles, bargain, eager, singing, trigger, hanging, bagel, argue, bugle, piggy, legal, angus, begging, Belgium, ringing, longing, banging, rugby, disgust, luggage, digging, cowgirl, forgive, longest, sagging, buggy, jogging, suggest, hugging, seagull, nagging, snuggling, juggler, logging, legging, foggy, magma, snuggle, soggy, lagging, frugal, wiggle, muggy, slugger, hangout, snagged, hexagon, pentagon, mortgage, begun, began, flagged, burger, target, lego, dragon, yogurt, nuggets, kangaroo, doghouse, August, magnet, begin, cougar, again, ignore, pigtail, yoga, eggplant, eggshell, bagpipe, bigge, jigsaw, juggle, mongoose, pigpen, regard, drugstore, dugout, tugboat, youngest, Peggy, giggle, agave
• 3 Syllable:  Abigail, elegant, bodyguard, caregiver, alongside, organic, recognize, raggedy, livingstone, designate, octagon, illegal, regular, polygon, meaningless, hamburger, navigate, negative, magazine, Oregon, Portugal, regardless, spaghetti, together, fingerprint, triangle, fingerpaint, kangaroo, marigold, megaphone, signature, Thanksgiving, Angela, Washington
• 4 Syllable: irregular, alligator, segregation, orangutan, photography, origami, oregano, aggregation, tobogganing, unforgiving, protagonist, easygoing, navigator, kindergartner, disorganize, disregard, delegated, categorize, elegantly, altogether, obligation, significant

Final: G Words Speech Therapy

• 1 Syllable: ring, king, sing, dog, long, spring, thing, big, strong, pig, egg, bag, young, log, bug, gag, song, frog, swing, bang, swag, flag, rug, wrong, zig, zag, string, blog, wig, wing, leg, hug, sting, lung, dig, Mustang, rag, beg, fog, hog, hang, mug, wag, lag, sag, dug, fig, pug, nag, tag, slug, sang, jog, flag, tug, hung, jug, brag, slang, twig, cling, chug, plug, stung, snug
• 2 Syllable: nothing, morning, ending, loving, dancing, being, building, going, cooking, along, walking, swimming, wedding, reading, feeling, missing, warning, clothing, meaning, burning, lightning, rising, drawing, camping, asking, turning, barking, Beijing coming, shopping, raining,,, fishing, changing, training, pudding, looking, breaking, setting, blowing, climbing, surfing, cuddling, sledding, Bulldog, searching, icing, landing, belong, talking, cleaning, sibling, painting, cooling, spelling, coating, among, growing, farming, hearing, saying, ticking, teaching, sitting, giving, sitting, sleeping, jumping, earring, greeting, Wyoming, coping, diving, streaming, lighting, boating, hiding, hotdog, parking, dumpling, shaking, drizzling, snuggling, Healing, combing, hurting, touching, poking, loading, spreading, during, boring, tying, Snoring, stopping, golfing, clapping, running, skipping, typing, racing, calling, dressing, texting
• 3 Syllable: everything, amazing, demanding, anything, Thanksgiving, beginning, recycling, gathering, ladybug, bookkeeping, approaching, offering, challenging, accepting, believing, boomerang, bullfighting, breathtaking, recording, suggesting, programming, avoiding, succeeding, fluttering, strengthening, weakening, daydreaming, outgoing, approving, awaiting, surviving, disgusting, exhausting, imaging, adjusting, answering, performing, applying, threatening, woodworking, measuring, commanding, surprising, traveling, scaffolding, exclaiming, respecting, brightening, scheduling, attending, delighting, annoying
• 4 Syllable: understanding, overwhelming, elevating, conditioning, hibernating, remodeling, operating, devastating, decomposing, condescending, housewarming, maneuvering, aggravating, finalizing, animating,, overeating, exercising, magnifying, peacekeeping, barbecuing, alternating, skyrocketing, disappearing, overturning, disappointing, developing
• 5 Syllable: misunderstanding, accelerating, exaggerating, procrastinating, accompanying, administering

SEE ALSO: 21 Best Reinforcement Games for Speech Therapy

Short Phrases

When working on g sound production, it’s important to work on short phrases once your child or student has mastered the sound at the word level at or near 80% or higher accuracy.

Here is a list of g word phrases to try:

Initial: G Words Speech Therapy in Phrases

Medial: G Words Speech Therapy in Phrases

Final: g words speech therapy in phrases, sentence level: g words speech therapy.

After working at the word and phrase levels next it’s time to work on the g sound at the sentence level.

You can work on the sentence level by having your child or student read from a list of sentences or you could give your child or student a picture with their g sound in them and then have them create a sentence about their picture.

Below is a list of sentences that you can use with your child or students.

Initial: G Words Speech Therapy in Sentences

Medial: G Words Speech Therapy in Sentences

Final: g words speech therapy in sentences, g words speech therapy ideas.

Here is a list of ideas to work on the g sound!

Favorite Board Games

Do you enjoy using fun and engaging activities in your therapy sessions? 

Board games are a great way to reinforce practice while working on your students’ sounds. 

Some fan-favorite board games to try are Jenga , Connect Four , or Tic Tac Toe to name a few. 

Boom Cards can be another fun and engaging way to strengthen your child or student’s articulation skills.

Here are a few favorite boom cards to work on the g sound: 

• Free Articulation Boom Cards for /g/ – Speech Therapy by Teaching Talking – Use these digital articulation activities to practice the ‘g’ sound.
• FREE Boom Cards and Printable Coloring Activity: Spring Early Developing Sounds by Bluebird Speech – Use this freebie as a fun and ready to use interactive activity that students can use on any device.
• Boom Digital Cards Articulation K,G Sounds by Badger State Speechy – In this free set, you receive 1 set of Boom Cards for sorting k,g and t,d words by their beginning sounds. Students have the option of pressing the sound button to hear the words. This set is done in a fun apple-picking theme!
• Free Initial G Sound Digital Pet Accessory Articulation Activity by Lil Mae’s Speech – This is a fun, free and interactive articulation activity where students say the speech sound located at the bottom of the page. To reinforce the sounds, students get to pick a pet accessory once completed!
• FREE PREVIEW Hard G Initial Sound Digital BOOM Cards by ZenGee Classroom – Students use “Gary the Guinea Pig” to to practice the hard ‘g’ sound. This is perfect for pre-emergent and emergent readers who need targeted practice with an isolated sound to increase phonemic awareness.

SEE ALSO: Free Articulation Games for Speech Therapy

Velar fronting.

Velar fronting is when a back sound such as the /g/ sound is made in the front of the mouth, such as the /d/ sound.

For example, your child or student might say the word “date” for the word “gate”.

If your child or student is velar fronting or in other words using the /d/ sound in place of the /g/ sound a great way to work on reducing the velar fronting is to use minimal pairs. 

By using minimal pairs the child then practices the two sounds side by side and practices hearing and producing the different sounds. 

Typical and Atypical Phonological Processes and Age Ranges by Speech Therapy Store – If you want to learn more about phonological processes, such as velar fronting and what ages these processes are typical and what processes are atypical then be sure to check out my chart.

Here is a freebie to work on velar fronting:

• No Prep K & G Articulation Fronting Game Boards by No Prep Speech Mom – These are fun board games for students to practice velar fronting /d/ for /g/.

SEE ALSO: 279+ Free Speech Therapy Digital Materials

Minimal pairs.

If your child or student is velar fronting or replacing the g sound with the d sound these minimal pairs activities are perfect for you! 

Here are some different ways to work on velar fronting using minimal pairs.

• Phonological Process Freebie: Velar Fronting Minimal Pair Match Up by Speech in the Sand – Play this fun matching game to work on /g/ and /d/ velar fronting. The first pages are for the sound /k/ and /t/, but simply keep scrolling and you will find the /g/ and /d/ minimal pairs.
• Articulation Activity Go Fish D and G Minimal Pairs Speech Therapy by Speechies and Cream – Play a fun game of go fish using fun underwater characters to work on the g and d minimal pairs.
• Minimal Pairs for Fronting of K and G Sounds by The Speech Chicks – This freebie includes 8 /g/ and /d/ minimal pair words with pictures. 

Picture Cards

 If your child or student is working on a single sound using picture cards is a great way to get multiple practices and exposure to a single sound. 

Here are a few picture cards to get you started:

• Scroll to the bottom of this post and grab your free copy of printable and digital g practice picture cards. 
• Use our ready to go digital flash cards above to get started right from your computer!
• Fronting & Backing Minimal Pairs (/k/ /t/ and /g/ /d/) by Rachel’s Speech Goodies – Use these minimal pairs flashcards to target the phonological process of fronting/backing (/k/ and /t/ & /g/ and /d/ in both initial and final positions. There are 4 pages of kid-friendly picture cards and 1 page with the word lists.
• Articulation Practice Card /G/-FREE! Distance Learning by A Green and Gold Speech Therapist – This freebie includes practice sets of 30 pictures that include the /g/ sound in initial, medial and final positions. Included is a list of activities in varying levels of difficulty.
• Letter Sound Picture Cards by Just Ask Judy – This is a free set of letter/ sound picture cards, perfect for introductory lessons in preschool or kindergarten. Each card has a lowercase letter and a key picture representing the sound the letter stands for.

Language Skills

Do you have a group of students who need both language therapy and articulation for the g sound?

If so, here are a few ideas to do language skills alongside g articulation therapy.

• Speech Thera py Articulation Fortune Teller Origami by Speech Therapy Store – Not only can you work on the g sound as well as a ton of other sounds it’s fun! Have your language students work on following directions, requesting materials (scissors, paper, etc.), and practice taking turns.
• Free Speech Therapy Activities for Articulation & Language by Fun in Speech – Grab some shaving cream and have some fun! There are pages for the g sound as well as pages for synonyms, categories, and rhyming!
• Dough Articulation: K, G, F, S by Jenna Rayburn Kirk from Speech Room News – Have some students work on their G sound while others can play along while working on following directions, making requests (supplies, colors, etc.), as well as working on categories, such as what category are a dog, frog, and pig in?

Auditory Bombardment

Sometimes the first thing a language therapist or speech-language pathologist might do to work on a new sound for a child with an articulation disorder at the elementary school level would be to work on auditory bombardment. 

Auditory bombardment is when you say words with only speech sounds that the child or student is struggling with and provide correct production examples. 

For example, if the child is working on the g sound you might read a list of 20 g words to the child so they can hear the correct production of that sound repeatedly. 

See the list of g words above and start by saying 20 words to your child or student while producing the correct g sound to model and allow them to hear the correct production over and over again.

This is simply a listening activity for the child or student to give them the opportunity to hear the correct production of the sound they are struggling to produce themselves.

In Conclusion: G Words Speech Therapy

We hope you have found this article helpful for working on your child or student’s g sound. 

Be sure to grab your freebie of 20 words to start practicing 5 minutes a day!

Fill out the form below to grab your copy of the initial G words for speech therapy.

***Medial /g/ and Final /g/ currently NOT available. Don’t worry though it’s on my to-do list.

Grab our Initial G Words List!

Want even more g words speech therapy.

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Tuesday 26th of April 2022

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Tuesday 10th of May 2022

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G Words for Speech Therapy (Word Lists and Activities)

If you’re a speech-language pathologist looking for a quick list of initial and final g target words to practice during therapy, this article provides the perfect starting place! You’ll also find excellent ideas for making speech therapy more fun with a variety of engaging games, resources, and articulation activities for teaching the g sound. This blog post provides a list of initial and final g words, and it also suggests a variety of strategies for teaching correct placement. If you’re interested, you may also want to check out this article on eliciting k sounds.

This post contains affiliate links, which means we could receive a commission if you click a link and purchase something that we have recommended.

Correct Position of the Tongue for the G Sound

The g sound is a lingua-velar stop sound. It is a voiced sound, meaning the vocal folds vibrate during production. The correct production of g involves the front of the tongue (the tongue tip) being placed behind the front lower teeth. The back part of your tongue is lifted, or raised, during g production. It makes contact with the soft palate. This forms a seal. Air pressure builds up behind the tongue. When the soft palate seal breaks, we hear an explosion of air as it is released into the oral cavity.

Reference: Peña-Brooks Adriana, and M. N. Hegde. Articulation and Phonological Disorders: Assessment and Treatment Resource Manual , PRO-ED, Austin, TX, 2007,

Common G Sound Errors

Sometimes, students with articulation disorders or phonological disorders have difficulty producing the g sound. The g sound is considered to be a “back sound”. Young children may substitute sounds made in the back of the mouth (like velar sounds, k and g), for sounds made in the front of the mouth (such or t or d). This is a phonological process called velar fronting .

A child might also completely leave off endings sounds, such as the g sound. An example would be saying “dah” for “dog”. This is a phonological process known as final consonant deletion . Read about more phonological processes , which can impact the intelligibility of a child’s speech.

How To Teach the G Sound in Speech Therapy

If you are a speech language pathologist working on this target sound with a student, there are many different ways to elicit production.

Articulation Tools for Teaching the G Sound

There are a few tools a speech therapist may like to have on hand when teaching the g sound to young children in speech and language therapy. Typically, these tools include a typodont, a mirror, and a tongue depressor.

A typodont is a helpful tool because it can be used to show lingual placement. I often tap behind the bottom front teeth on a typodont to remind my students to keep the tongue tip down.

A speech therapist might consider using a mirror in speech therapy in order to provide extra visual feedback.

A tongue depressor might be helpful to help assist with keeping the tongue in the correct position.

Strategies for Teaching the G Sound in Speech Therapy

A speech language therapist might find it beneficial to try giving this sound a silly name. It could be something like “your gulping sound”.

Need some ideas for tongue placement? Velars (k and g) can sometimes be elicited by having your student lay on his back. This can help get the tongue into the correct position.

I often have to place a lot of emphasis on inhibiting tongue tip elevation. Frequently, I give several reminders to my students when I see the tongue tip lifting. I will use descriptions like “this is your tongue DOWN sound”. I also often say things like “touch your bottom front teeth”.

Simple reminders such as, “Uh oh! Your tongue tip went up!”, paired with a hand motion are a great way to help students understand how to place and position the front of the tongue and the back of the tongue.

Many students find auditory bombardment helpful. This involves reading a story, or a list of words, to your student. The list includes the target sound. The student needs to listen to, but not repeat, the words.

SLPs may wish to use the word lists included in this post for auditory bombardment.

Finally, school SLPs may wish to incorporate minimal pairs into articulation therapy sessions.

Speech Sound Word Lists for the G Sound

The following word lists contain words with the initial g sound, medial g sound, and final g sound. These articulation word lists allow the SLP to easily work on a target sound in speech therapy. Quickly pull these word lists up during your speech therapy session and pair them with the game or activity of your choice. These lists are helpful for a student with an articulation disorder. To practice at the sentence level, have students combine words and generate sentences.

Initial G Word List for Speech Therapy

Here is a list of initial g words (g at the beginning of a word) to use in speech therapy:

Medial G Word List for Speech Therapy

Here is a list of medial g words (g in the middle of a word) to use in speech therapy:

Final G Word List for Speech Therapy

Here is a list of final g words (g in the final position of words) for speech-language pathologists to use in speech therapy:

Speech Therapy Activities for the G Sound

Speech-language pathologists need effective materials to target a variety of speech sounds. Here are articulation activities that a speech therapist can use to target the g sound in speech therapy.

G Words Speech Therapy Articulation Picture Cards

School SLPs will love these articulation speech sound mouth cards , which target a variety of specific speech sounds, including the g sound! For each speech sound, a mouth visual is provided. Target sounds are provided in initial, medial, and final word positions. This visual cue is very effective when trying to teach a new sound in speech therapy!

To assemble, simply print out the cards, laminate them, then cut them out. Assemble them together using a binder ring for easy storage. Print them out and send them for home practice to help a child practice with parents or caregivers. These cards offer a fun way to target articulation objectives in speech and language therapy.

Velar Fronting Minimal Pairs

Minimal pairs can be a fantastic way to target velar fronting in speech therapy! These minimal pairs are extremely easy for busy speech-language pathologists to use because every piece needed for a successful session is included on one organized page.

No more searching through endless cards, trying to find minimal pairs that fit your student’s needs! Auditory bombardment lists, an auditory discrimination activity, and minimal pair words are included on each page. This resource is also included in a Minimal Pairs Bundle .

Digital K and G Articulation Activity

This no print k and g articulation activity is perfect for teletherapy or in-person speech therapy sessions! Target k and g speech sounds at the word level while catching fireflies! After your student says a target word, tap the screen and the firefly will “move” into the jar. It is a simple, yet motivating articulation activity. This resource targets initial k, medial k, final k, initial g, medial g, and final g words. It is also available in a bundle .

Articulation Games for Speech Therapy

Want to try some fun games to make articulation drill more exciting?

Here are some of my favorite suggestions:

• Let’s Go Fishin’ – this game makes it easy to practice the word ‘go’ each time a child catches a fish!
• Gator Golf- practice the words ‘gator’ or ‘golf’ with each turn
• Gobble Monster Game – have your students practice the word ‘gobble’ before each turn

More Articulation Words for Speech-Language Pathologists

Are you in a hurry and need this article summed up? To see the g words, simply scroll up. Next, make sure to try out these best-selling g sound articulation resources:

• speech sound mouth cards
• velar fronting minimal pairs (also available as part of the Minimal Pairs Bundle )
• digital k and g articulation activity for teletherapy

Don’t miss these other articulation word lists!

• S Word Lists
• L Word Lists
• F Word Lists
• K Word Lists
• TH Word Lists
• R Words for Speech Therapy
• Z Word Lists
• V Words for Speech Therapy

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G Word List

If your child is having trouble saying the sound G, my G Word List can help!

If you are a speech therapist and you need some G speech therapy materials, you have come to the right place!

Below you will find lots of free materials!

• First, there is a FREE worksheet (for non-members) and link (for members) to access new articulation materials.
• Second, there is a word list for  quick viewing .
• Next, you can sign up for a FREE newsletter and receive  A LL THE WORD LISTS in one Folder in your Google Drive.
• After that, check out a brief explanation on how to say the target sound.
• Last, there are ideas for  articulation practice  that do not require flashcards or word lists. This is the most functional option and appropriate for children working on generalization.

Enjoy the FREE materials!!!

G Worksheets and More!

We have articulation worksheets for teaching, drill practice, generalization, and language-based articulation games! 

• If you are a member, simply log in , download, and you are ready to roll here. 
• If you want join,  sign up here. 

To access the free smashmat, just fill out the form below!

21 free smashmats.

Sign up below to receive your free materials.

Google Drive Word List

Sign up with your email address to receive all the word lists instantly! They will be yours now and forever!

I LOVE, LOVE, LOVE Google Drive. I can access my word lists from any device; laptop, desktop, or phone. 

If you want a copy, fill out the form above. I put all the word lists in one folder.  Once you receive your email with the materials, make a copy of the files and they are yours to use and tweak as needed.

• If you need help saving the word lists to your Google Drive, click here:  Save Google Document
• If you LOVE Google Drive as much as I do, check out our  Speech Therapy Documentation Page. 

Complete G Articulation Packet

This is MY FAVORITE NEW RESOURCE! I HONESTLY use it all the time for each articulation session and handouts for home practice.

The words chosen for speech therapy can make all the difference between a good therapy program and a great one! For the generalization phase, it is crucial to use high-frequency words!! It only makes sense to use words that the client will actually say outside of the therapy room. Right?!

For only $5, you will receive  35 pages  of materials including:

• Flashcards that can be used as Cariboo Cards too, yeah!
• Flashcard free games that can be used as home practice
• Dot sheets, smash-mats, and/or coloring pages
• Articulation warm-up sheets which can be used as a goal review sheet
• Flashcards which contain word, phrase, and sentence level practice
• Cut/paste sentence level worksheets
• Self-assessment sheets
• Parent handouts

Check it out here

How To Say G

We say "g" by putting the back of our tongue in the back of our mouth. Some tips to help your child....

• Cue your child to move their tongue to the back of their mouth
• Have your child cough and feel that their tongue is in the back of their mouth
• Lightly touch his/her throat as he/she says "g"

Articulation Games for G

G is an earlier developing sound. Therefore, the games listed below are for younger children. Feel free to tweak them to meet the needs of your child. Take turns with your child saying the desired words. It is important to practice  hearing  as well as  saying  the sound.

• G o - Say "go" as you make a car move
• G one - Say "gone" as you hide a toy under a bucket
• G et - Say "get" as you pick up a toy
• Pi gg y - Put a pig in a bag and say "piggy" when you pull it out
• Wa g on - Drag a wagon around the house and put objects in it, say "wagon" with every object
• All  G one - Say "all gone" every time you are done with something, i.e., game, food, laundry
• Ba g  - Put ojects in a bag and say in "bag" as you do so
• Hu g  - Say "hug" as your child hugs you or his bears
• Le g  - Say "leg" as you color legs of people in a coloring book
• Di g  - Say "dig" as you dig in the sand or dirt

These games can be played at home or anywhere. Adapt any game your child is already playing to squeeze in some fun "G" practice. Have fun!

Membership Site

If you are a parent and your child

• has trouble saying multiple sounds 
• needs to work on vocabulary development
• is working on grammar skills
• needs to practice following directions
• is working on narrative language
• needs to work on social skills

AND you want

• a step-by-step guide on how to help your child 
• ideas on how to improve all language skills at home
• functional games

Then, our  member's site might be just what you need.

If you are a professional and you want: 

• Articulation Screening Tools
• Data tracking sheets
• Templates in Google Drive for easy data tracking and graphing
• Homework sheets/parent handouts on articulation therapy
• General flashcard games
• 36 flashcards for each sound: B, D, F, G, J, K, L, M, N, P, R, S, T, V, Z, SH, TH, CH
• 8-10 functional games for each sound
• Language-based worksheets to spice things up!
• Picture description tasks
• Short story stimuli

Our  membership might be just what you need.

Thanks For reading!

• Word Lists For Speech Therapy
• G Word List For Speech Therapy

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Speech with Tara

(608) 571-5737

• Apr 7, 2020

"G" Practice and Resources

Here you will find practice and resources for the "g" sound (words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, and tongue twisters). As always, these are from the Home Speech Home site. Feel free to check out the "Activities" post in Articulation Nation to get more ideas on activities. If you're doing 5-minute therapy then use these for a quick at-home drill session for practice.

As stated with the "k" sound please do not have the child practice the sound incorrectly. Work on getting the sound for five or ten minutes and if the child is getting frustrated and experiencing little success move on to a different sound or come back to it a different day.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IHtCHUlTsTA

"G" Picture Words Initial "g"

Medial "g"

Final "g"

"G" Word Lists Initial "g"

"G" Phrases Initial "g"

"G" Sentences Initial "g"

"G" Paragraphs

"G" Tongue Twisters Granny's gray goose goes last Gus goes by Blue Goose bus Great gray geese graze gaily daily Gale's great glass globe glows green The glum groom grew glummer

More Resources Home Speech Home's 4-Part Video Series on teaching the "g" sound

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yP1nJomr9E4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tNzK3-e7aRc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2IgGK6X0co

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HlKlG0wBhSg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eI0nX4OObrQ

• Articulation Nation

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"S" and "S"-blends Practice and Resources

Here you'll find practice pictures, word lists, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs (bonus tongue twisters at the end!). Here is a short video on correctly producing "s" - however, many children are a

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"V" Practice and Resources

Here you will find words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, and tongue twisters for the "v" sound. Most of these resources come from Home Speech Home. The "v" sound is similar to the "f" sound except

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Free SLP Initial G Materials, Games, Activities, Flashcards, and more!

Initial g virtual games and activities, freeslp offers tons of virtual slp materials for the s sound. to help target the g sound in the initial, medial, and final positions, we have created g tic-tac-toe, connect 4, virtual flashcards, virtual progression cards, battleship, spot-it, candy land, soccer, painting, and more to view our all free g sound virtual games and materials, click below:, initial g sound games and activities link.

Downloadable Initial G Materials

We also have tons of free no-prep downloadable g sound materials. g sound printables that we currently have include: g flashcards, qr code scavenger hunt, progression cards, spot-it, word finds, tic-tac-toe, bingo, candy land, connect 4, battleship and more if you're looking for more engaging ways to teach the g sound, hopefully you find these materials helpful to view our all free g sound virtual games and materials, click below:, initial g no-prep downloadables.

Initial G Sound Animated Videos

Animated videos for each sound teaching how to produce the sound as well as animated articulation adventures for each sound adventure across safaris, space, the world of minecraft, and more while teaching your child how to make awesome g sounds to view our all free g animated videos, click the link below:.

Initial G Artic Hierarchy Activities

Virtual materials to target g from the isolation level all the way up to the conversational level whether you're targeting sounds at the word, phrase, sentence, paragraph, story, or conversational levels, we have free and engaging speech therapy materials for each to view our all free g hierarchy activities, click below:.

Initial G Filterable Flashcards

Over 1,000+ flashcards that you can sort by target sound, position of sound, syllables, blends, and more add words to your custom word list and print out the flashcards to view our all free g sound virtual games and materials, click below:, initial g filterable flashcards.

Initial G sound overview page

What age should my kid be able to say the g sound.

Children typically are able to correctly produce the G sound around 3 years old.

Is the G sound a voiced sound?

Yes, the G sound is a voiced sound?

Is the G sound a Dorsal Velar sound?

Yes, the G sound is a dorsal velar sound.

Is the G sound a stop?

Yes, the G sound is a stop.

What is the difference between C / K and G?

The C / K and G sound are produced exactly the same with one exception.  The difference between C / K and G is that the C / K sound is voiceless and the G sound is a voiced sound.

50 Initial G Words

40 medial g words.

• Magnificent

35 Final G Words

How do i make the g sound, how  to make the “g” sound:.

• Tell the child to bring the back of their tongue(called the dorsum) up to the back part of the mouth(called the soft palate).  Lifting up the back part of our tongue stops the airflow from coming out of our mouths!
• Turn  on   your voice ( voice is the rumbling in your vocal folds.  Have your child/client place their hand on their/your neck during the production of “c/k” and “g”, and have them feel the difference between the two.  In the production of “c/k”, there should be no rumble or voicing.  While in the production of “g”, there should be a rumbling or voicing.)
• Next we lower our tongue and push air out explosively at the same time!

Tricks and Tips for producing the “g” sound:

• Tell the child we are going to trap the air from escaping using the back of our tongue.  We need to make a hump or a hill using the back of our tongue and bring it to the roof of our mouth.
• A fun and tasty way to teach the child where to put their tongue for a “g” production is to put some Nutella, peanut butter, sour candy gel, or any other spreadable food they enjoy on the soft middle portion of the back of the mouth(soft palate).  Once the child has felt the spot a few times, have them try to blow out air while lowering the tongue at the same time!
• If your child is replacing their “g” sounds with “d” sounds. (“dod” for dog”), try using a tongue depressor to hold down the tip of their tongue which should also help the back of their tongue bunch up.
• Place your hand where the child’s jaw and neck meet, and during “g” productions, lightly push up to help remind them to raise the back of their tongue.
• To visually show the child how we explosively release air from our mouths to produce the “g” sound, hold a piece of string in front of their mouths, and have them try to move the string with the release of air.  It is important to remind them to remember to use their voicing during this activity!
• If you have a board game that uses a spinner, have the child see if they can move the spinner using the explosions of air from their mouths.
• Have the child tilt their head back and look up at the ceiling.  By doing so, our tongues tend to fall into the back of our mouths into the position we need to make the “g” sounds
• Challenge the child to an imaginary water/juice/milk drinking contest.  See you can making the “g” gulping noise the most times in 10 or 30 seconds!

G Sound Overview

If you are looking for tips and tricks on how to produce the perfect G sounds; click the link below:

Virtual Materials for Each Level of Artic Practice:

Target the G sound at the isolation level with 3 different activities: Isolation Animation, Pop the Bubbles, and Click the Button!

Target G at the syllable level with our virtual flashcards!

We have three activities for targeting G at the word level: 1.) Classic flashcards with initial, medial, final, and mixed sets. 2.) Minimal Pair Sliders 3.) Name the Photos (Have the computer give you feedback on your sound productions!)

G phrase flashcards with sets targeting G in the initial, medial, final, and mixed positions!

Target G at the sentence level with our rotating sentences activity!

Our G story is full of G target sounds and tongue twisters! Read it yourself or play it out loud and then repeat it back!

We have two ways to target G at the conversation level: 1.) Silly story scenes full of G target words. 2.) Conversation starter questions.

G Virtual Materials

List of All the Free G Sound Virtual Activities and Games

G flashcards, g progression cards, g soccer shootout, g escape from dragon's dungeon, g fish's flight to freedom, g witch's brew, g summer sundae dash, g fall apple quest, g halloween candy chompers, g thanksgiving treats, g cupid's valentines candies, g marshmallows' mad dash, g unicorn artic derby, g train track dash, g space race, g flashlight finder, g feed the bear, g pumpkin carving, g build-a-snowman, g thanksgiving dinner, g tic-tac-toe, g candy land, g connect 4, g battleship, g artic ninja, g volt runner, g artic clicker, g pizza jumper, g artic cruiser, g space invaders, g spot the differences, g treasure hunt, g crossword, g word find 1, g word find 2.

G Boom Cards

List of All the Free G Sound Downloadable and Printable and Games

G artic qr scavenger hunt, g artic progression cards, g artic spot the match, initial artic g flashcards, medial artic g flashcard, final artic g flashcards, g articulation carrier phrases, g articulation word find, g articulationtic-tac-toe, g articulation coloring sheet, g cartoon character flashcards, g articulation dice, g articulation flipbook, g artic bingo, g artic candyland, g artic cariboo cards, g artic battleship, g articulation connect 4.

G Printables

Free no-prep, virtual, and downloadable options available!

Free SLP articulation word lists, flashcards with pictures, downloadable PDFs and more!

Materials target the G sound in the initial, medial, and final positions!

Whether you are looking for printable, no-prep, or virtual materials, FreeSLP offers free G sound activities for students of every level!

We hope these G articulation activities and exercises for speech therapy help your child / student learn how to make s sounds!

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Speech with Tara

(608) 571-5737

• Apr 19, 2020

"S" and "S"-blends Practice and Resources

Here you'll find practice pictures, word lists, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs (bonus tongue twisters at the end!). Here is a short...

• Apr 18, 2020

"R" and "R"-blends Practice and Resources

Here are great resources and practice sheets from others! I am not going to reinvent the wheel and all of the material posted here is...

• Apr 15, 2020

"V" Practice and Resources

Here you will find words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, and tongue twisters for the "v" sound. Most of these resources come from Home...

"Z" Practice and Resources

Here you will find words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs for practicing the "z" sound. Most of these are taken from the Home Speech...

• Apr 7, 2020

"F" Practice and Resources

Here you will find pictures, words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, and tongue twisters for correctly producing "f" and practicing the...

"G" Practice and Resources

Here you will find practice and resources for the "g" sound (words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, and tongue twisters). As always,...

"K" Practice and Resources

Here you will find practice words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, and tongue twisters. All of the practice material (lists) come from...

• Apr 6, 2020

"J" Practice and Resources

Here you will find words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, and tongue twisters for the "j" sound. Per usual, most of these lists are...

"Ch" Practice and Resources

Here you will find practice words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs for the "ch" sound. As usual, these lists come from Home Speech...

"Sh" Practice and Resources

Here you will find resources for practicing the "sh" sound. The "sh" words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs are from the Home Speech...

• Apr 1, 2020

"L" and "L"-blends Practice and Resources

Here you will find resources and practice words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs for the "L" sound. Like the other sites, these...

"Th" Practice and Resources

Here you will find practice words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs for both voiced "th" (and in "there") and voiceless "th" (as in...

• Mar 31, 2020

"H" Practice and Resources

Here you will find words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, and tongue twisters for working on the "h" sound. Many of the practice...

"W" Practice and Resources

Here you will find words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, and tongue twisters for the "w" sound. Many of the lists here are from the...

"N" Practice and Resources

Here you will find words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, and tongue twisters for the "n" sound. This sound, like others that occur...

Multisyllabic Words Resources

Multisyllabic words are words that contain more than one "beat" to the word. This video gives an overview on how to clap out syllables. ...

Final Consonants Practice and Resources

Here, instead of focusing on a single sound, the child can focus on producing final consonants. Final consonant deletion is a...

"M" Practice and Resources

Here you will find words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, and tongue twisters for the "m" sound. Many of the lists are taken from the...

"B" Practice and Resources

Here you will find words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, and tongue twisters for the "b" sound. Most of the lists are taken from the...

"Y" Practice and Resources

Here you will find practice words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, and tongue twisters for the "y" sound. A lot of the material on this...

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Speech & Language Tips for Parents

G Words in Speech Therapy – G Word Lists, Activities & Teaching Tips

When you’re working on helping your child with their speech and articulation, it’s essential to focus on specific sounds to improve their skills. One of the critical sounds in speech therapy is the G sound. G words can be found in various positions within words: initial, medial, and final. Each position may require slightly different strategies in speech therapy. To address an articulation disorder, speech-language pathologists often use a variety of activities and tools, such as audio recordings, games, and books, to help clients practice the G sound in a fun and engaging way.

A good starting point for working on G words in speech therapy is identifying voice and voiceless pairs. These pairs can help you focus on the correct positioning and airflow needed for accurate G sound production. For example, the voiceless pair for the G sound is the K sound. By practicing words containing both G and K sounds, you can better understand the differences between them and improve your articulation.

Articulation activities play a crucial role in the development of the G sound. Speech-language pathologists often provide clients with word lists containing initial, medial, and final G words. These lists can serve as a foundation for various activities such as flashcards, sentence building, and reading passages. Client-specific activities can also be developed, keeping in mind their interests and preferences.

Constant practice is essential for improving articulation and mastering the G sound. As a client or a speech-language pathologist, incorporating G words into daily routines and communication can be highly beneficial. Encourage conversation, storytelling, and reading materials that focus on G words to reinforce practice and enhance overall progress.

Remember, working on G words in speech therapy is a dynamic and gradual process. As you continue to practice and engage in articulation activities, you’ll notice improvements in your speech and articulation abilities over time. Always approach the process with patience, persistence, and a friendly attitude to ensure success.

Importance of G Sound

Working on the G sound in speech therapy is essential as it helps improve your pronunciation and expands your vocabulary. This  voiced sound  is a common component in the English language and can be found in various words. Mastering the G sound can lead to a boost in confidence when speaking and communicating with others.

The G sound requires proper articulation, involving the use of your soft palate and vocal cords. When pronouncing the G sound, the back of your tongue should make contact with your  soft palate , while your vocal cords vibrate simultaneously. It’s crucial to be mindful of these processes as they play a significant role in producing a clear and accurate G sound.

In addition to the G sound, it’s essential to differentiate it from the /k/ sound in speech therapy. Both the  k and g sounds  are produced in the same location in the mouth, but with a critical difference: the G sound is voiced, while the /k/ sound is voiceless. Being able to distinguish between these paired sounds can enhance your overall speech clarity and articulation skills.

There are also soft g sounds and hard g sounds. The rule to remember which is which, is as follows:  When g meets a, o, or u, its sound is hard.   When g meets e, i, or y, its sound is soft .

To sum up, incorporating G sound practice in your speech therapy sessions can greatly benefit your pronunciation, vocabulary, and articulation. Remember to pay close attention to the role of your soft palate and vocal cords, and be aware of the differences between the G sound and its voiceless counterpart, the /k/ sound. Keep up the good work, and your efforts will surely lead to improved speech proficiency.

Teaching Methods for G Words

When it comes to speech therapy, teaching the G sound can be quite an adventure. As a parent of a child who is having speech therapy or is waiting to receive it, there are numerous techniques you can employ to help children master this sound. The key to success is practicing often and incorporating a variety of strategies.

First and foremost, your resources are your best friends. Books, games, and picture cards all offer fantastic ways to engage young learners. A favorite activity among speech therapists is using  G Word Lists and Activity Ideas . These lists include initial, medial, and final G word suggestions, along with appropriate games and book recommendations tailored to the G sound.

Since children tend to learn better through play, incorporating games into speech practise sessions at home can be a game-changer. Utilize age-appropriate games that involve the G sound, such as guessing games or picture card matching activities. You may also create your own G-themed games, such as a scavenger hunt where children must find objects that start with the G sound.

While working on the pronunciation of G words, provide your child with ample opportunities to observe their mouth movements. One useful tool for this purpose is a mirror. Encourage them to focus on their tongue placement and the way it feels when they correctly produce the G sound. By allowing children to see and feel the differences in their mouth, they can better understand the necessary actions to produce the G sound.

Flashcards are another excellent resource to use outside of speech therapy sessions. You can create or purchase sets of flashcards featuring G words at various positions within words (initial, medial, and final). These visual aids can help children associate the sound with its spelling and encourage them to practice the G sound in various contexts.

Remember, patience and encouragement are essential when helping children develop their speech skills. By utilizing these various teaching methods for G words in speech therapy, you’ll be well on your way to helping them master the G sound in a friendly and engaging manner. 

Role of Word Lists in Therapy

When it comes to speech therapy, word lists play a crucial role in helping your child or yourself develop and practice correct pronunciation of specific sounds. Among these, G words are quite common in language and working on them can significantly improve your articulation skills. So, let’s delve into the benefits of using word lists and explore some essential G word categories.

One of the significant reasons to use word lists in therapy is their ability to provide a structured approach to practicing particular sounds. In the case of G words, there are different types of lists, such as  initial G words , medial G words, and  final G words . By breaking down the words into groups based on their positions, it becomes easier for you to focus on and master the specific sound within different contexts.

Another advantage of using word lists is their potential to incorporate common vocabularies or  target words  you’ll encounter regularly in daily communication. This makes your child’s practice more functional, ensuring that they’re not only working on improving sound pronunciation but also enhancing their overall language skills.

Articulation Practice with G Words

Friendly and consistent practice is essential in mastering speech sounds like the /g/ sound. As you begin your articulation practice, remember that the  g  sound is a back sound, produced when the back of the tongue touches the soft palate in the back of the mouth. To help you understand the right tongue placement, consider checking out some  articulation worksheets . 

When practicing G words, it’s crucial to have a variety of initial, medial, and final G words to work with. Start with simple words like  gum, goat, and dog , progressing to more complex words and phrases as you become more comfortable with the sound. You can find comprehensive  G word lists for speech therapy  that cater to different speech requirements.

Incorporate various activities into your child’s practice to make it engaging and fun. For example, you could play games, read  books focusing on G words , or even create a word treasure hunt challenge. Aim for a minimum of 100 trials in each practice session, focusing on functional words that you regularly use in your everyday conversations.

As you practice, it’s important to remain patient and maintain a positive, friendly attitude. Encourage yourself by celebrating small achievements along the way. Make sure to practice regularly and consistently to reinforce learning and improve your G word articulation in everyday speech.

Remember, mastering the G sound takes time, persistence, and dedication. Keep practicing, use various G words and activities, ensuring proper tongue placement and speech sound production. With consistent effort, you’ll notice improvements in your child’s G word articulation over time. 

Specific G Words for Therapy

Incorporating a variety of G words into speech therapy sessions can help clients practice and improve their articulation of the G sound. In this section, you’ll find a selection of G words that may be used in various activities and games during therapy sessions. These words are organized based on their position within the word (initial, medial, or final) and also include compound words and multisyllabic examples.

Initial G Words

Medial G Words

Final G Words

Compound Words

Multisyllabic Words

Additional G Words

Combating Phonological Processes

Phonological processes are simplifications that young children use while learning to talk. They’re a normal part of language development but can become problematic if they persist beyond a certain age. Two common phonological processes we’ll discuss are  fronting  and  context-sensitive voicing .

Fronting : Fronting occurs when a child replaces a sound that should be produced in the back of the mouth, like “g” (as in “goat”) or “k” (as in “cat”) with a sound produced in the front of the mouth, like “t” or “d.” To address fronting, try these strategies:

• Encourage your child to pay attention to the placement of their tongue when they say words with “g” or “k.”
• Use visual cues, such as a mirror, to help your child see where their tongue should be when producing these sounds.
• Practice with minimal pairs, which are pairs of words that differ by only one sound, such as “goat” and “toat” or “cat” and “tat.”

Context-sensitive voicing : This process involves replacing a voiceless sound with a voiced sound. For example, when “pig” is pronounced as “big” or “car” is pronounced as “gar.” To help your child work on context-sensitive voicing, consider these tips:

• Teach them the difference between voiced and voiceless sounds, and practice each sound in isolation.
• Focus on pairs of sounds that have the same place and manner of articulation but differ in voicing, such as /p/ and /b/ or /t/ and /d/.
• Use auditory and visual feedback methods, like listening to recordings of your child’s speech, to help them hear and see the difference between voiced and voiceless sounds.

Remember to be patient and supportive as your child works on these skills. With consistent practice and encouragement, you’ll see progress in combating phonological processes. Good luck!

Therapy Resources and Materials

As a speech therapist or a parent looking for  G word resources , there are a variety of helpful materials available to support your speech therapy sessions. Here, we will explore some of the resources and tools that can enhance your therapy sessions and make them more engaging and effective.

To start, consider finding online resources with plenty of  articulation activities  to keep your sessions diverse, and keep your clients motivated. Websites like  Speech and Language at Home  or  Speech Therapy Talk  can be great starting points for finding G word lists and speech therapy activities.

As a member of various professional speech therapy websites and organizations, you can access additional resources, tips, and support from your peers. Make sure to take advantage of professional memberships that offer exclusive content and materials catered towards speech therapists.

Flashcards  can be a very useful tool when practicing G words, as they allow the visual representation of the word, as well as the auditory component when spoken out loud. You can find  600+ G Words Lists for Speech Therapy Articulation or create your own set of flashcards, such as boom cards, tailored to your child’s needs.

For more hands-on activities, consider incorporating books into your therapy session that emphasize G words. Reading these books together can provide a fun and engaging way to practice G word pronunciation and improve overall articulation.

Picture cards  are another effective way to work on G words in speech therapy. By providing a visual representation of the word, you can help clients associate sounds with their corresponding images. Try using resources like  K and G Words, Lists, Materials, and Everything You Need!  for picture cards and other helpful tools to supplement your speech therapy activities.

Remember to keep your tone friendly and adapt to the needs of your clients as you explore these resources and materials. Your dedication to enriching their therapy experience can go a long way in promoting progress in their speech and communication development.

By Michelle

Related post, consonant digraphs: what they are and how they work, what are underextension and overextension in linguistics, short oo words – examples & rule for the short oo sound, leave a reply cancel reply.

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How many words by 18 months a guide to your toddler’s language development.

How to Teach K Sound: Articulation Activities, and Word Lists for Effective Speech Therapy

How to teach ng sound: articulation activities, and word lists for effective speech therapy, how to teach g sound: articulation activities, and word lists for effective speech therapy.

The “g” sound is a voiced velar plosive, which means that it is produced by briefly stopping the airflow from the lungs using the back of the tongue (velar) and then releasing it in a sudden burst (plosive). The vocal cords vibrate during the production of this sound, which creates a buzzing or humming sensation in the throat.

To produce the “g” sound, you need to raise the back of your tongue towards the soft palate or velum, which is located at the back of your mouth, and then release it while simultaneously pushing air out of your lungs. This creates a sudden burst of sound that is characterized by a low-pitched, vibrating noise. You can try producing this sound by saying the word “go” or “get” and paying attention to the way your tongue and vocal cords work together to create the sound. In phonetics, this sound is represented by the symbol /g/. It is also sometimes referred to as the “voiced velar plosive.”

Here are few tips you can follow to teach the “g” sound:

Demonstrate the sound : Start by demonstrating the “G” sound for your child. Make the sound and have your child watch your lips and mouth movements. Explain that the sound is made by pressing the back of the tongue against the soft palate and releasing it with a voiced sound.

Visual Cue : Show the child how to place the back of their tongue against the soft palate at the back of their mouth, and then release the air with a voiced sound. You can use a mirror to help the child see how their tongue is positioned. You can also use a visual cue such as a picture or flashcard of a “G” to help your child remember the sound.

Understand the sound: Help your child understand that the “G” sound is a voiced consonant made by pressing the back of the tongue against the soft palate and releasing it with a voiced sound.

Practice Blowing: Help your child get used to the sensation of releasing air with their tongue by having them practice blowing out candles, blowing bubbles, or blowing feathers across a table.

Practice Tongue Placement: Show your child how to keep the back of their tongue flat and relaxed while making the “G” sound. You can make it more fun by having them imitate animal sounds, such as a growling dog or a grunting pig, while using the “G” sound.

Practice in Isolation : Once your child has mastered the correct tongue and mouth position, have them practice making the “G” sound on its own without any other sounds.

Add Syllables: After your child has mastered the “G” sound in isolation, have them practice using it in different syllables, such as “ga,” “ge,” and “go.” You can make it more fun by having them say words like “giraffe,” “gum,” and “goofy.”

Practice in Words: Once your child has mastered the “G” sound in syllables, have them practice using it in different words such as “girl,” “goat,” and “green.”

Practice in Phrases: After your child has mastered the “G” sound in words, have them practice using it in phrases like “big girl,” “my goat,” and “green grass.”

Practice in Sentences: Finally, have your child practice using the “G” sound in different sentences such as “I have a big girl bike,” “The goat ate the grass,” and “Green is my favorite color.”

Practice Everywhere: Encourage your child to practice using the “G” sound in different contexts, such as during playtime, mealtime, or while reading books. You can also make it more fun by having them use the “G” sound in different accents or dialects.

Free G initial words list and 40 flashcards

G initial words.

Here are a couple of initial G words lists, 40 free PDF flashcards, and some example sentences that can be used for pronunciation exercises. These resources can be used for articulation lessons with ESL learners and speech therapy for any speakers who have issues making the /g/ sound.

The printable Word list above features just over 100 words with the initial G sound. While the list below contains 200 words.

What are G initial words? They are simply words where the /g/ sound appears at the beginning of the word. If the sound occurs in the middle of a word it is known as the medial position. If it is at the end, it is in the final position.

G initial words list

This list of words with the initial G or /g/ sound is much more comprehensive than the PDF above. It has been organized in alphabetical order to make navigating it easier. You can use this list to create your own initial G word activities.

It should be noted that while the majority of this list contains the hard G sound there are also instances of soft G words , and even a few instances of a silent G.

G inital words flashcards

Next, we have some beautiful flashcards of G initial words with real photographs and words. All 40 flashcards use the hard G sound. These are great for playing games and make learning enjoyable.

You will also find that learners are much more interested in practicing this area of pronunciation when they are presented with these visual teaching aids.

The 40 words on these printables are – 

Sheet 1 – galah, galaxy, gallop, garbage, garlic, gas, gate, and gator.

Sheet 2 – gecko, glass, glide, glow, goal, gonna, goat, and goggles.

Sheet 3 – gold, golf, gong, goose, gorge, gorilla, gourd, and gown.

Sheet 4 – grain, grape, grate, gravy, Greek, green, grid, and grill.

Sheet 5 – grin, grind, grow, guard, guava, guitar, gulf, and gum.

Practice sentences with G initial words

Try these simple yet fun sentences for learners looking to practice initial G words.

The girl is going to Ghana.

A gliding golden goose.

The gorilla grabbed the grapes.

A gecko in a guava garden.

Growing green Greek gourds.

She’s got grilled goose with garlic gravy.

Gary gave a goat a gift.

A glowing glass ghost.

Gazing at gaunt gazelles grazing gracefully.

Go and get the guitar gear.

Gabrielle got good grades.

Related activities

For some challenging initial G words practice, check out the letter G tongue twisters.

For some more flashcards, word lists, and pronunciation tips, try the G and D minimal pairs as well as the K and G minimal pairs .

You might also like these

M and N minimal pairs

30 pairs of rhyming words with pictures

31 Delightful D tongue twisters

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Home speech home’s speech therapy word lists for speech therapy practice home-speech-home.com.

Home Speech Home offers an original database of word lists for each phoneme in all positions of words (initial, medial and final) and at multiple levels of practice (single word, phrase, sentence and reading paragraphs).

For  more speech therapy articulation resources , check out the “ Articulation” section of Speech Therapist Tools .

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1100+ S Words, Phrases, Sentences, and Reading Passages Grouped by Place, Syllable, & Blend

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grasshopper

SC/SK - Blends

Sl - blends, sm - blends, sn - blends, sp - blends, st - blends, sw - blends, see also:   the best free app for speech therapy.

Initial S by Syllables

Central Park

self-control

soccer ball

celebration

certified mail

safety glasses

satellite dish

seeing-eye dog

sewing machine

subdivision

superficial

supermarket

supervision

symmetrical

sympathetic

civilization

psychological

self-analysis

superintendent

supervisory

systematically

Medial S by Syllables

tennis shoes

disadvantage

participate

policewoman

vice-president

association

classification

disobedient

electricity

necessarily

potato salad

precipitation

unnecessary

vice presidency

water moccasin

Final S by Syllables

White House

apple juice

lemon juice

adventurous

camera case

nevertheless

opera house

praying mantis

table tennis

tomato juice

appendicitis

hippopotamus

magnifying glass

metamorphosis

simultaneous

tuberculosis

Initial S Phrases and Sentences

circle of hands

fast sailboat

healthy salad

tasty sandwich

sharp scissors

playful seal

gray seatbelt

number seven

street sign

bathroom sink

garden sunflower

They made a circle with their hands.

She is so sad she is crying.

They are taking the sailboat on the water.

We ordered a salad for lunch.

The salt was dumped out on the table.

The desert had endless hills of sand.

You made a tall sandwich.

Don't run with scissors.

The seal rolled over on his back.

Put on your seat belt before leaving.

The seed will grow into a tree.

They made a seven out of stars.

She can sew the hole closed.

She is too sick to go to work.

The sign said 106 more miles.

She was not nervous to sing.

Get some water from the sink.

She would sit and wait everyday for the bus.

Wash your hands with soap.

They always want to play soccer.

The sock is hanging on the fence.

She told her dad sorry for not listening.

I ate chicken noodle soup when I was sick.

She found out that lemons are sour.

The sun was starting to set.

A sunflower grew in the garden.

Medial S Phrases and Sentences

blue bicycle

metal bracelet

ballet dancer

December holiday

scary dinosaur

wood dresser

pencil eraser

water faucet

wear glasses

tiny grasshopper

flying insect

kissing her

listen carefully

medicine bottle

secret message

small motorcycle

short pencil

nice policeman

bright popsicle

horse racing

credit card receipt

recycle bin

His bicycle is the blue one.

Her grandmother gave her the bracelet.

She was a ballet dancer.

Christmas is a holiday in December.

There was a dinosaur in the park.

The dresser is made of wood.

He used an eraser on his paper.

The faucet started to drip.

His glasses helped him see.

The grasshopper has big legs.

The insect has orange wings.

She is kissing the horse

Listen with the headphones.

He is holding the medicine bottle.

There was a message in the bottle.

He needed to clean his messy room.

We ride the motorcycle in the field.

His muscle is so big.

It is a beautiful day outside.

He needs to sharpen his pencil.

He has been a policeman for 10 years.

The popsicle is cold.

They are racing on the horse track.

The waiter gave him his receipt.

This is the best cookie recipe.

She is showing people how to recycle.

Final S Phrases and Sentences

green cactus

night class

wooden doghouse

yellow dress

erase a mistake

beautiful face

white fence

water glass

two story house

orange juice

green lettuce

little mouse

silver necklace

empty office

police officer

tied shoelace

tennis ball

I ran to catch the bus.

Cactus grow in funny shapes.

He took a night class.

The pug likes his doghouse.

She is wearing her yellow dress.

If you make a mistake, erase it.

She has a beautiful face.

The fence went around the land.

Pour me a glass of water, please.

I need to cut the grass.

The horse is running fast.

They moved into their new house.

The ice is melting quickly.

I want juice for breakfast.

The farmer grows lettuce.

She has pink lips.

The mouse wanted some cheese.

She is holding her necklace.

The office workers were all gone.

The police showed up at the crime scene.

She takes her purse everywhere.

They all wanted to race together.

Tie your shoelace before jogging.

Tennis is her favorite sport.

The walrus has huge tusks.

He said "Yes!" after being chosen for the job.

S Reading Paragraphs

Last December I was sad because my favorite baseball team lost in a tournament. You should have seen my face, it looked like someone erased my smile.

To cheer me up my dad took me out on our sailboat. It was a little messy so we took some soap and cleaned it up first. We took some sandwiches, soup, and juice and left the house early on Saturday morning.

We spent a few hours sailing around the lake. It was relaxing to just sit and listen to the water against the boat and soak up some sun. Dad told me he was sorry about the baseball team losing.

"They will have more chances to win in the future," he said. I told him I wasn't too sad anymore. "I just really wanted them to win," I said. Dad suggested that we sing the team song. He thought that would help us get excited for next years tournament.

"Next year we will sit outside on the grass behind the fence to watch the game," dad said. "We can take some salad, popsicles, and your toy dinosaurs. It will be the most fun we've ever had at a baseball game." I love my dad. He is so good at helping me be happy. 

No-Kissing Club

Kissing is gross. It makes me sick. On Valentine's Day my dad gave my mom some sunflowers in a glass vase. But that wasn't all. He also bought her a new purse, a bracelet, and a red dress. Mom was so surprised! She was so excited about all of her gifts that she threw her arms around dad and gave him a big kiss.

Yuck! It's one thing for them to say that they love each other all the time, but the kissing is too much for me. I have decided to start a club called "Anything But Lips" for people like me who don't like kissing.

I posted a sign outside and told all of my friends to come. We are going to meet in my dad's office once a week at six o'clock. We will talk about anything that is not related to kissing.

I have put a list of different topics together that we will discuss which includes: grasshoppers, motorcycle's, seat belts, soccer, tennis, soup, car racing, and insects, to name a few. Before I will let them come in the office, everyone will have to sign a contract saying they won't talk about kissing.

We have our first meeting tomorrow. I hope some people come. 

The Ice Hotel

My family and I want to see the ice house. It is really called "IceHotel", but I call it the ice house. It is located in a small town in Sweden called "Jukkasjarvi", I don't know how to say it but that's o.k. Everything inside of it is made of ice. Really!

There are ice sculptures, ice beds, ice walls, an ice roof, ice chairs, ice couches, and even an ice restaurant. People get married there, see the Northern Lights, snowmobiling, dog-sledding, and learn how to ice sculpt. It looks like so much fun, if you don't mind the cold.

Some of my friends have wondered how someone would sleep on a bed of ice. I told them you sleep on a bed of ice the same way you sleep on your bed at home...with blankets! I have wondered if the hotel has ice showers with ice soap but my mom told me it would be too cold for people to do that. I did read that they have a sauna in one of the deluxe rooms though.

Our family is going to save our money this year so we can go to Sweden in December and experience everything the ice hotel has to offer. We are so excited that we have already started packing! 

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SEE ALSO:   The Best Books for Speech Therapy Practice

Initial SC/SK Blends by Syllable

schoolhouse

scholarship

scorekeeper

scoutmaster

Medial SC/SK Blends by Syllable

grade school

grass skirt

high school

butterscotch

fire escape

ice skating

public school

roller skates

stethoscope

discontented

discontinue

Easter basket

figure skater

kaleidoscope

microscopic

picnic basket

private schooling

roller skating

San Francisco

Final SC/SK Blends by Syllable

school desk

mammoth tusk

office desk

reading desk

Initial SC/SK Phrases and Sentences

really scared

school room

white skirt

furry skunk

skydive jump

She is scared to get a shot.

The scarf keeps her warm.

The school built three new rooms.

She wanted to skate on her own.

She is learning how to ski.

She is wearing her favorite skirt.

The skunk was walking in the dirt.

The sky was blue and bright.

To celebrate they want to skydive.

Medial SC/SK Phrases and Sentences

warm buscuit

secret escape 

high school club

learn to ice skate

go to preschool

rescue swimmer

long whiskers

Their lunch was in the basket.

The butter melted on the warm buscuit.

The mouse made his escape.

They are all in high school.

The husky is playing in the snow.

She knows how to ice skate well.

My son goes to preschool.

They were able to rescue the swimmer.

The cat has long whiskers.

Final SC/SK Phrases and Sentences

ask questions

ripe corn husk

classroom desk

wear gas mask

wood school desk

blue swim mask

clean whisk

You learn more if you ask questions.

The corn husk was ready to be picked.

I will sit in my favorite desk.

The gas mask kept him safe.

Wear a mask to the party.

She kept books in her school desk.

He left his swim mask by the ocean.

The elephant has a long tusk.

Use the whisk to mix the eggs.

SC/SK Reading Paragraphs

Scared to ski.

Scarlet had been scared to ski since high school. It had been 3 years since her skiing accident. She twisted her knee while skiing down a steep hill. She still didn't remember what had gone wrong.

All she remembered was that she was wearing her red scarf, black ski mask, and sky blue snow coat. She had brought a basket with some home made biscuits for her and her friend Skip to eat at lunch.

As she skiied down the hill she remembered one ski caught an edge in the snow and the next thing she knew her knee was in a lot of pain and she was being rescued by the ski patrol.

While she was in the hospital, the doctor asked her a few questions about how she was skiing on the hill. She remembered he had a deep husky voice. He told her that skiing accidents happen all the time and sometimes for no reason.

As she sat at her work desk she rubbed her knee just thinking about how bad it had hurt. She wanted to ski again, but she couldn't escape the fear of hurting her knee again. She didn't like feeling scared to ski. She had skiied for almost 10 years and didn't want to give it up.

She decided she would go skiing the coming weekend. "If I take it easy and go with a friend, maybe I can get past being scared," she thought.

Adventurous Skunk

Skylar is the most unique skunk you will ever meet. She wears pink skirts and likes to sky dive. Her favorite color is pink. If you ask her why she likes to sky dive she will simply say "I like the wind in my face." Skylar likes the wind in her face so much that she also ice skates, water skis, and scuba dives. She isn't scared of anything.

I asked Skylar why she scuba dives because you can't feel the wind in your face under water. She just smiled and simply said "I like the water in my face, as long as I have my mask on, it feels good on my whiskers."

I asked Skylar how she learned to do these types of sports. She told me she has been interested in ice skating since she was in preschool. As she got older she began to water ski and scuba dive. "I only started sky diving last year after I finished high school," she said.

I asked her where she gets the money to pay for these sports. She told me she works two jobs. She sells biscuits and other breads at the bakery during the day. At night she makes computer desks and sells them to furniture stores.

Skylar works hard and she plays hard too. I told her to have fun and be careful.

Initial SL Blends by Syllable

sleigh bells

slalom course

sledgehammer

sleeping bag

sleepwalking

slide trombone

slow motion

slow moving

sluggishness

Medial SL Blends by Syllable

cross legged

purposeless

super slide

translation

wrestling camp

wrestling coach

wrestling match

wrestling team

dislocation

legislation

legislative

Final SL Blends by Syllable

blood vessel

Initial SL Phrases and Sentences

light sleep

shirt sleeve

playground slide

toy slingshot

fuzzy slippers

dog slobber

He went fast downhill on his sled.

Sleep on the couch for a nap.

He fixed the sleeve under his coat.

He went fast down the slide.

His mom let him play with a slingshot.

She left her fuzzy slippers on the couch

I hope the dog doesn't slobber on me.

Sloths hang upside down in trees.

Drive slow, children are playing.

Medial SL Phrases and Sentences

fast asleep

race bobsled

dogsled race

big mudslide

quiet ski slope

English translator

loud whistling

They fell asleep on the couch.

Bobsled is a sporting event.

The dogsled team was out in front.

Stay far away from the mudslide.

He was excited to get on the ski slope.

Our translator speaks 4 languages.

He is whistling at the car.

The boys are in the championship wrestling match.

Final SL Phrases and Sentences

tiny blood vessel

vitamin capsule

kings castle

ancient fossil

big missile

You can see the blood vessel on her eyelid.

She prefers to take a vitamin capsule.

The castle is on top of a cliff.

The fossil is of a fish.

He will get tackled if he doesn't hustle.

The truck has a missile on the back.

The sumo's are starting to wrestle.

SL Reading Paragraphs

Dogsled racing.

I have a dog named Sylvester but we call him Sly for short. When we wrestle he likes to lick and slobber on me. We compete in dogsled races.

Dogsled races are hard work and we don't sleep much when we train for them. We don't go slow, we hustle...for many days. Some days it is hard not to fall asleep on the trail.

I talk to Sly through words and whistling. Dogsled races can be dangerous. One time we almost got caught in a mudslide and another time I pulled a muscle and needed help from another dogsled team. 

Sly and I help each other though. He is my best friend.

A Spy in Pajamas

My friend Sloan sleeps a lot. He told me about a crazy dream he had yesterday. In the dream he was a spy. He was being chased by bad guys on sleds down a ski slope. He had taken an expensive bracelet and destroyed the bad guys' castle. The bad guys were launching missiles at him and trying to slow him down.

When Sloan reached for something to defend himself, all he could find was a slingshot. He fired rocks from the slingshot as fast as he could. The bad guys began to laugh at him. Not because of the slingshot, but because Sloan was doing all of this wearing pajamas and pink bunny slippers.

Sloan didn't care though.

He remembered he had a special capsule that could help him. He reached up his sleeve, grabbed the capsule and ate it.

A few seconds after he ate the capsule, Sloan was invisible. The bad guys couldn't see him. Just as he was about to escape, he woke up. It was a funny dream. 

Initial SM Blends by Syllable

smoke screen

smart aleck

smelling salts

smoke chase

smoke jumper

smorgasbord

Medial SM Blends by Syllable

businessman

Christmas card

Christmas Eve

Christmas tree

first baseman

locksmith shop

second baseman

silversmith

third baseman

embarrassment

junior classman

lower classman

senior classman

upper classman

Initial SM Phrases and Sentences

smash glass

happy smile

black smoke

smooth rocks

fruit smoothie

He feels small next to him.

She is a very smart girl.

He didn't mean to smash the window.

He stopped to smell the flower.

She has a beautiful smile.

Many large cities have smog.

The smoke was high in the sky.

The black rocks are smooth.

Would you like a drink of my smoothie?

Medial SM Phrases and Sentences

empty basement

tool making blacksmith

important businessman

favorite classmate

skilled first baseman

nice locksmith

square placemat

He does laundry in his basement.

The blacksmith makes old-fashioned swords.

The businessman had many important meetings.

She sells Christmas trees.

Sue was her favorite classmate.

The first baseman caught the fly ball.

The locksmith is fixing it.

I will put my food on the placemat.

SM Reading Paragraphs

Smart locksmith.

Smitty is a clever businessman. He is smart, a smooth dealmaker, and always smells like pizza. Some people might not like that but since I love pizza, it's o.k. with me.

I am a locksmith and Smitty is the person I order parts from. When people break, smash, or ruin their door handles or locks, they call me. There are thousands of different types of locks and handles, but Smitty knows all of them. That's why I think he is so clever.

He and I were classmates at Smith High School and have worked together for 10 years now. He always answers my questions and has just the right locksmith tools and products I need to help my customers. I have wondered if he has a secret locksmith lab in his basement. That way he can be around locksmith parts and tools all the time.

When I asked him how he knew so much he smiled and said he was given a book at Christmas 10 years ago. The title of the book was "Everything You Need to Know About Locksmithing". "It isn't a small book," he said. He has learned everything he knows from that book.

Of course, he still has to be smart and remember the information in it, and being a smooth salesman helps too. There is a lot to be learned from reading. I should start reading some of the books I have in my basement.

Dumb Robber

As the policeman looked at the crime seen he saw some clues. The robber who had broken into the house was not that smart. He had smashed the window to unlock the door. But the door wasn't locked. The handle had just been replaced by the locksmith and didn't have a lock on it.

Then the robber had made himself a smoothie and left fingerprints all over the blender, the glass he drank the smoothie out of, and the placemat he had put the smoothie on. The robber even spilled some of the smoothie on the ground, stepped in it, and left footprints in the kitchen. Now the policeman had fingerprints and a shoe size.

The policeman followed the footprints past the Christmas tree. The robber had knocked some of the ornaments off so the policeman could tell that he went down the stairs to the basement. The home owner was a businessman who worked out of his basement office.

When he reached the basement, the policeman could smell some of the smoothie so he knew the robber had been there. The policeman looked around the basement. There were pictures of the home owner playing baseball. Judging by the pictures the policeman thought that the home owner was a first baseman.

The policeman saw a small ashtray on the home owner's desk. It looked like the robber had smoked while he was in the basement which would give the policeman more evidence to catch him. "This will be an easy case to solve," he thought, as he walked back upstairs. 

Initial SN Blends by Syllable

snake charmer

snowball fight

snow blower

snapping beetle

snapping turtle

Initial SN Phrases and Sentences

healthy snack

green snake

snap in half

going to sneeze

use snorkel

cold snowman

She is eating a midnight snack.

The snail has a hard shell.

The snake in the grass made me jump.

He showed us how to snap the pencil.

Allergies made him sneeze a lot.

He would snore loudly during his nap.

He uses the snorkel to breath under water.

The pig put his snout through the fence.

We will make a snowman this winter.

SN Reading Paragraphs

Sneezing and snacking.

Sometimes I snore at night. I sneeze a lot too. I can't help it. My wife told me to go see a doctor, but I haven't yet and I'll tell you why. I love midnight snacks too much.

Before my snoring and sneezing problem I would have to sneak out of bed at night to go to the kitchen. My wife is a light sleeper and I woke her up a lot. When she did she would get a little snippy with me, so I had to be more careful.

There was one night that my daughter caught me eating my snack in the kitchen. I asked her to go back to bed. The next day she snitched on me and my wife said eating midnight snacks can be unhealthy if you eat bad food. I told her I eat healthy food and she said it was o.k. then.

Don't get me wrong, I love my wife, and I love to sleep, but I get to see a lot of cool things at midnight too. Since eating snacks at midnight I have seen a snake in our yard, snow storms, and one night I watched a snowplow run into a snowman in my neighbor's yard. I was surprised that I didn't wake everyone up because I was laughing so hard. My neighbor is kind of a snob, so I thought it was funny it happened to him.

I will go see the doctor about my snoring and sneezing some day. There are too many fun things about having a midnight snack that I don't want to give up. I just hope my wife doesn't get sneaky and make a doctor's appointment for me.

My friend Terri plays the snare drum in her band. The band's name is "Snakebite". Terri told me that the band's guitar player was bit by a snake when he was a teenager and wanted to name a band after it.

When I went to listen to them play I started to snooze. They were good, but I didn't like their style of music. When Terri asked me how I liked their sound, I told her she played the snare drum well. She knew I was being sneaky and asked what I really thought.

I told her that I had fallen asleep during their song. "I thought I heard someone snoring during the song," she said. "You all play really well, it just isn't my type of music," I said. "Next time I listen I will have to bring some snacks to help me stay awake."

The guitar player heard me talking to Terri and snickered "You wouldn't know good music if it sneezed on you."

"I think you sound great," I told him. "I just don't like the type of music you play. I think Snakebite is going to be very successful." He apologized and told me that I was a nice guy and that he liked my sneakers. Then he gave me a firm hand shake and snapped his fingers. "We'll remember you when we're famous," he said. 

Initial SP Blends by Syllable

space heater

space station

Spanish rice

speed limit

spelling bee

spinal cord

sponsorship

sporting goods

sportsmanship

sportswriter

spectacular

speech therapist

speech therapy

speedometer

spider monkey

spinal column

spiral notebook

spontaneous

Special Olympics

specialization

specifically

specification

Medial SP Blends by Syllable

Shakespeare

loudspeaker

mispronounce

outer space

transparent

correspondence

desperation

disposition

inspiration

perspiration

respectable

respiration

responsible

tablespoonful

unspeakable

hospitality

indisputable

irresponsibly

respiratory

inspirationally

respectability

responsibility

Initial SP Phrases and Sentences

speeding car

spill juice

green spinach

spooky night

silver spoon

play sports

It would be amazing to go into space.

The police chased the speeding car.

The spider waited for flies in the web.

Don't spill on the carpet.

Spinach is very healthy for you.

She squeezed the water out of the sponge.

The graveyard was spooky at night.

I eat cereal with a spoon.

You can choose to play many sports.

Medial SP Phrases and Sentences

asparagus stalk

crispy chicken

disposable dishes

high-speed train

big hospital

blue passport

brown suspenders

one tablespoon

whisper softly

I eat my asparagus steamed.

They made crispy chicken.

It's easier to clean with disposable dishes.

She was riding on a high-speed train.

We are going to the hospital tonight.

You must have your passport to enter.

He wears suspenders instead of a belt.

The recipe says to use one tablespoon.

She whispered into the girl's ear.

SP Reading Paragraphs

My friend spring.

Her parents named her Spring because she is happy despite what is going on in her life. Spring loves to eat asparagus and go to the spa. She spends most of her time studying space because she wants to be an astronaut. Either that or she wants to be in the hospitality business.

I have known her for one year, but Spring and I have only been on one date. We have spent a lot of time together during the last year. She speaks softly but is confident. She is an amazing cook and loves to eat spicy food. She uses spices I have never even heard of. She chews spearmint gum and likes spooky things, especially at Halloween.

She and I met in a speech therapy class in college. We have had many of the same classes and spent time doing homework, studying for tests, and working on class projects together. She is amazing at spelling. In addition to taking college classes, Spring volunteers for Special Olympics. She is inspiring to watch. As a coach, she sparks happiness in people even when they are really sad.

Spring also likes to speed when she drives. Don't tell her I told you though. I told her she is special to me and that I don't want her to get hurt. I think she respects my opinion. I told her I would spy on her to make sure she slows down. She just laughed and said she will try and be better.

Sports Crazy

Spike is a sports nut. Some people might say he is a sports lunatic. He knows specific statistics about almost every baseball, basketball, soccer, volleyball, hockey, tennis, rugby, and cricket game that has been played in the last 6 years. The first basketball game he watched sparked his interest. From that time on, he has almost become a specialist in most sports and their players.

I think he should be a sports writer. If he had it his way, he would eat spoonfuls of sports for breakfast. When I told him that he responded by saying "They might be a little crispy!"

Recently, he has become more interested in motor sports like car, motorcycle, and speedboat racing. A few months ago he was changing spark plugs in his car. He realized there were sports that use machines and he didn't know anything about them. Since then he has spent every day watching and researching motor sports.

He spends a lot of time and money learning about sports. That way he can speak to others about them and answer questions they might have. Some people have asked him to speculate about what teams or drivers will win so they can bet on them. Spike won't do that though. He says he has too much respect for sports to "sell them out". 

Initial ST Blends by Syllable

stateswoman

stepbrother

stepping stone

stomach ache

storm cellar

storm warning

storm window

study group

station master

station wagon

Medial ST Blends by Syllable

bus station

distinguish

gas station

outstanding

post office

question mark

consistency

constitution

establishment

grocery store

interesting

investigate

misunderstand

pessimistic

questionable

solar system

superstition

T.V. station

understanding

United States

constituency

investigative

unquestionable

Final ST Blends by Syllable

hornet's nest

pathologist

psychologist

ventriloquist

audiologist

cardiologist

ophthalmologist

Initial ST Phrases and Sentences

bright star

juicy steak

stir around

sore stomach

clothing store

I see more than one star.

The steak is on the grill.

The gum on my shoe is too sticky.

I need to stir to soup.

His stomach was sore from the pain.

Always stop when you see the sign.

It was their favorite store to shop at.

It was a big lightning storm.

Mom read a story to her son.

Medial ST Phrases and Sentences

at the bus stop

busted criminal

bamboo chopsticks

Halloween costume

red lipstick

old postcard

ask a question

rusty metal

long yardstick

The man waited at the bus stop.

The man was busted for theft.

His chopsticks were made from bamboo.

He wore a costume to the party.

She is putting on red lipstick.

Send us a postcard when you get there.

She raised her hand to ask a question.

The rusty containers were in the field.

A yardstick is 3 feet long.

Final ST Phrases and Sentences

eat breakfast

dentist visit

dressed man

thick forest

green toothpaste

I love bacon, eggs, and orange juice for breakfast.

His chest is muscular.

I went to the dentist for a check-up.

He was dressed for work.

You can tell that the horse is fast.

Many trees are in the forest.

There are eggs in the nest.

Toothpaste will help keep your teeth clean.

He is holding his wrist.

ST Reading Paragraphs

Spicy chinese.

Stan's stomach began to ache from eating spicy Chinese food. It started about 2 hours after he finished lunch. He used chopsticks so he wouldn't eat too fast but the food was catching up to him.

He stopped at the store on the way home from work because his chest was burning. He hoped that he could find something to help stop the burning.The antacid pills he bought didn't cost too much, especially if they would help.

It was starting to storm outside and Stan thought it would be a good night to stay in and relax on the couch with his favorite book "Stewart Little". He had plans to make steak for dinner, but he chose something lighter since his stomach was bothering him. When he got home he walked up the stairs to his bedroom and dressed in his most comfortable lounge clothes.

After changing and eating a light dinner Stan tuned his stereo to some classical music, sat down, and started to read his book. He read for about an hour and decided to stop and go to bed. He had thought about eating his leftover Chinese food for breakfast in the morning but he quickly changed his mind. The storm had passed and everything outside was still. Stan drifted off to sleep.

Running Stars

Steve and Dusty were the fastest runners on the high school track team. No one messed with them. Last August the both ran the longest races and finished in first and second place.

One time, someone asked them the question "How did you become such good runners?" Both of them had different statements. Steve said "I follow a constant and consistent training program and meal plan. I use a stopwatch to time my speed every race and I try to beat that speed everytime."

Dusty said "I run stairs everyday in the football stadium for thirty minutes without stopping. I can run long distances because I have established endurance in my lungs and muscles."

A woman came from the TV station wanted to ask them more questions like when they started running and how they became interested in it. Steve said "My grandpa told me stories about himself when he was a runner and that is what interested me in it." Dusty said "When I was a middle school student, I was always restless at night. I started falling asleep during the day. Running helped me stay calm, stop being anxious, and go to sleep. If I felt restless, I would go on a short run, and afterward, I would go right to sleep at night."

The woman from the TV station told them they were fantastic runners and wished them good luck on their next race. Steve and Dusty thanked the woman and headed to the shoe store to buy some new running shoes. 

Initial SW Blends by Syllable

sweat gland

sweat pants

sweat shirt

sweet tooth

Swiss cheese

swimming hole

swimming pool

swinging bridge

swinging door

Switzerland

sweet and sour

Initial SW Phrases and Sentences

dripping sweat

red sweater

The swan is a beautiful bird.

His shirt is covered in sweat.

She will buy the red sweater.

Their mom asked them to sweep up the leaves.

The dessert tasted very sweet.

He likes to swim in the lake.

She likes to swing at the playground.

Swipe your card to pay for it.

She will switch the light off.

SW Reading Paragraphs

Swap meet switch.

The swap meet was every Saturday at 10 a.m. Sweeney looked forward to the swap meet, there were so many fun and new things to see there.

Last week he had seen a swan with 4 ducklings and the week before that he saw a swarm of bees which was a little scary.

In the past, he had eaten sweet and sour chicken with Swiss cheese, bought a new swimming suit, and found the perfect broom for sweeping his floor at home.

During breakfast Sweeney was reading the newspaper and saw a new swap meet that was in town. He couldn't believe his eyes. "Two swap meets?" he thought. He wondered if he should switch which swap meet he went to.

He nervously searched the advertisement to see what time the second swap meet happened. His hands began to sweat. The newspaper said the second swap meet was on Saturdays at 2 p.m.

"Sweet!" said Sweeney. He knew exactly what to do. He would simply go to both swap meets! For a moment, Sweeney had thought he might have to switch which swap meet he would go too. He was so happy that he could go to both of them.

To celebrate he went into his room and put on his swap meet sweater and danced to his favorite Swedish music, both of which he had bought at a swap meet.

Sweet Birds

Have you ever met a swan or a swallow that loves sweets? There is a lake by our house that we go swimming in all the time.

Last week we were getting ready to eat lunch. We had brought ham sandwiches with Swiss cheese that were made from sweetbread and some sweets, chocolate cake and licorice. We began eating.

Just then a big white swan flew over by us. Then a tiny swallow flew down and landed on the ground by the blanket we were eating on. Both of them walked right up to the cake and stuck their beaks in it.

I swiped the cake away from them but they only switched their position to the other side of the blanket where I had put the cake.

I swatted at the swan. It didn't bother him and he just kept eating. I swatted at the swallow. He flew away from me but quickly came back to eating the cake.

I was working so hard to get the swan and the swallow away from our sweets that I began to sweat. I had never seen a swan or swallow with such a strong sweet tooth.

I worried that my wrists would be swollen from swatting at the birds so much. Luckily they weren't. Next time we go swimming at the lake I think I'll leave our sweets at home.

This list of functional words was professionally selected to be the most useful for a child or adult who has difficulty with producing the "S" sound.

We encourage you to use this list when practicing at home.

Home practice will make progress toward meeting individual language goals much faster.

Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs) are only able to see students/clients 30-60 mins (or less) per week.

This is not enough time  for your child to overcome an articulation disorder with the "S" sound. But with high caseloads...

...it's all SLPs can do.

There's  only so much time  in the day.

Every day that your child goes without practice  it becomes more and more difficult  to correct an "S" error because he/she continues to say it incorrectly. 

We know life is busy , but if you're reading this you're probably someone who cares about helping their loved one as much as you can.

Practice 5-10 minutes whenever you can, but try to do it on a consistent basis (daily).

Please, please, please use this list to practice.

It will be a great benefit to you and your loved one's progress.

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Donald Trump found guilty on all counts in historic NY hush money trial: Recap

In a verdict that shook the 2024 presidential campaign, former President Donald Trump was found guilty on all 34 counts in his New York criminal hush money trial . He was convicted of falsifying business records to hide a hush money payment to porn star Stormy Daniels ahead of the 2016 presidential election. Trump is the first former U.S. president convicted of a crime.  

Prosecutors charged Trump with falsifying business records. They alleged Trump falsified the records to conceal unlawfully interfering in the 2016 presidential election through the $130,000 hush money payment, making the falsification charges felonies. The crime carries a penalty of up to four years in prison, with sentencing scheduled for July 11, but legal experts previously told USA TODAY the presumptive Republican nominee is likely to get only probation or a shorter sentence .

Trump called the outcome a "disgrace" and vowed to keep fighting his conviction.

The more-than six weeks-long trial against the presumptive Republican presidential nominee − which featured dramatic clashes between lawyers and witnesses, the judge and Trump − was the first criminal trial in U.S. history against a former president.

Trump's conviction marks another historic moment, with an uncertain impact on the 2024 presidential election. He is not disqualified from running for office and while polls have suggested a conviction would harm his prospects, prominent Republican supporters quickly rallied to his side.

Prep for the polls: See who is running for president and compare where they stand on key issues in our Voter Guide

Follow along with USA TODAY's live coverage here:

Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg: 'I did my job'

Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg said he did not have any response to Donald Trump’s repeated attacks on the prosecutor and his staff, but he praised his office.

“I did my job. Our job is to follow the facts and the law without fear or favor. That’s exactly what we did here,” Bragg said. “I did my job. We did our job. Many voices out there. The only voice that matters is the voice of the jury and the jury has spoken.”

− Bart Jansen

Will Donald Trump go to jail?

Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg dodged a question about whether he would seek jail time when Trump is sentenced July 11.

“We will speak at that time,” Bragg said.

Bragg also declined to say whether he would oppose a request from Trump to remain free while he appeals the verdict. Bragg said prosecutors would respond formally at sentencing July 11.

“I’m going to let our words in court speak for themselves,” Bragg said.

Trump still faces criminal prosecution in these other three cases

With Donald Trump guilty on all charges in his Manhattan hush money trial, he still faces criminal charges in three other cases, including two for allegedly trying to illegally steal the 2020 election he lost to President Joe Biden.

In all, Trump faced a combined 88 criminal counts, including the 34 in Manhattan that he was convicted of Thursday by a jury. That leaves 54 counts between the three other cases, two of them in federal court that were brought by special counsel Jack Smith on behalf of the Justice Department.

One of those involves the retention of classified documents. The other federal case overseen by Smith accuses Trump of trying to subvert the 2020 election results.

The fourth case, in Fulton County, Ga., accuses Trump and 14 co-defendants − including some of his former lawyers, and administration aides − of trying to overturn Trump's loss in the Peach State in 2020.

Trump has pleaded not guilty in all of the cases. None of them have trial dates scheduled, and legal experts largely concur that it's unlikely that any will begin before election day on Nov. 5, a likely rematch between Biden and Trump as the presumptive Republican nominee.

  −Josh Meyer

Watch DA Alvin Bragg's press conference live

Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg Jr. will hold a press conference Thursday evening following the  conviction of Donald Trump.

The press conference is scheduled to be held at 6:30 p.m. ET at the 8th Floor Training Room in New York, the DA's office said in a release.

You can watch his comments live here.

− Anthony Robledo

What was Trump found guilty of?

Trump was found guilty of 34 counts of falsifying business records.

Each count is tied to a different business record that prosecutors argued Trump was responsible for changing in order to either conceal or commit another crime .

Those records include 11 checks paid to former lawyer  Michael Cohen , 11 invoices from Cohen and 12 entries in Trump's ledgers.

The jury found that Trump authorized a plan to reimburse Cohen for the $130,000 hush money payment issued to  Stormy Daniels and spread the payments across 12 months disguised as legal expenses.

− Kinsey Crowley

'Trump is in a deep hole here': Former federal prosecutor reacts to verdict

Kevin O’Brien, a former federal prosecutor now practicing at Ford O’Brien Landy, said Trump could appeal whether the evidence was sufficient to convict him . But Trump can no longer challenge the credibility of witnesses such as former lawyer Michael Cohen and porn actress Stormy Daniels because the jury believed them, O’Brien said.

“Trump is in a deep hole here,” O’Brien said. “It’s not like he gets to start over. That’s not how the appeal system works.”

The jury weighed the evidence and decided that witnesses such as former lawyer Michael Cohen and porn actress Stormy Daniels were credible.

The counts each carry maximum sentences of four years, but legal experts say Judge Juan Merchan could give him probation or a shorter sentence as a first-time offender to a non-violent offense. The felony convictions don’t prohibit Trump from campaigning or potentially winning the White House.

“He could still easily wind up president of the United States,” O’Brien said. “There’s nothing that would prevent that from happening.”

Can Trump run for president now?

Yes, even after being convicted on felony counts, the Thursday verdict does not impact Donald Trump's ability to seek another term in the White House. The Constitution is pretty clear − here are the qualifications to serve as president.

• Be a natural-born citizen of the U.S.
• Have lived in the U.S. for at least 14 years
• Be at least 35 years old

− Marina Pitofsky

What happens to Trump now? Trump sentencing date

Judge Juan Merchan has scheduled Trump's sentencing for July 11, and Trump is out free until then.

Because this is Trump's first felony offense, his sentence is likely to be as light as probation or home confinement. If he does receive a sentence , it would probably be less than a year.

Trump is likely to appeal the conviction. That would push any jailtime until after the election.

− Kinsey Crowley  

Who were the key witnesses in Donald Trump's historic trial

Former Trump lawyer Michael Cohen was a significant witness testifying that he submitted invoices for “legal expenses” that Trump knew were to reimburse him for paying $130,000 to silence porn actress Stormy Daniels before the 2016 election. But Trump lawyer Todd Blanche accused Cohen of lying on the stand when he testified he notified Trump about the payment to Daniels. In closing arguments, Blanche called Cohenthe “MVP of liars” and “the embodiment of reasonable doubt.” 

Daniels, whose real name is Stephanie Clifford, described the alleged sexual encounter in enough detail that Merchan questioned why defense lawyers didn’t object more to block her testimony. Trump has repeatedly denied he had sex with Daniels and Blanche argued the payment “started out as an extortion” whether the allegation was true or not. 

David Pecker, the former CEO of American Media Inc., which owned the National Enquirer, said he agreed in a meeting with Trump and Cohen in August 2015 to be the “eyes and ears” of Trump’s presidential campaign to buy negative stories about the candidate and never publish them. 

Pecker acknowledged paying former Playboy model Karen McDougal $150,000 for her story and then refusing to pay for Daniels because Trump hadn’t reimbursed him. Cohen provided a recording , which prosecutor Joshua Steinglass called “jaw-dropping,” of Trump mentioning the $150,000 figure. 

Can Trump go to prison?

Yes. Each felony count of falsifying business records − elevated to a felony because prosecutors proved their purpose was to commit or conceal another crime − carries a maximum sentence of four years. However, New York caps such sentencing the type of felonies Trump faced – Class E felonies –  at 20 years .

But given Trump doesn't have a criminal record and wasn't convicted of a violent crime, such a high sentence is very unlikely, according to legal experts. Several spoke to USA TODAY ahead of the trial about what could happen if Trump were convicted. Nearly all predicted that, if convicted, Trump would get a sentence ranging from just probation to up to four years in prison, and likely falling within the lower end of that range.

− Aysha Bagchi

Donald Trump reacts to guilty verdict

Donald Trump quickly reacted to the jury's decision finding him guilty on all 34 criminal counts.

“This is just a disgrace,” Trump told reporters in the hallway outside the courtroom. “We didn’t do anything wrong. I’m an innocent man.”

Trump ignored shouted questions about whether he would drop out of the presidential campaign.

“This is long from over,” Trump said. “We’ll keep fighting. We’ll fight to the end and we’ll win.”

People surrounding courthouse react

Outside the courthouse, anti-Trump demonstrators cheered and drivers honked their horns as news of the guilty verdicts spread. “Guilty!” several people shouted out.

− David Jackson

Jury reaches a verdict

The jury has reached a verdict in former President Donald Trump 's New York criminal hush money trial , which centers on allegations that he falsified business records to hide a hush money payment to porn star Stormy Daniels ahead of the 2016 presidential election.

Jurors confirmed that they had reached a verdict in a note signed by the foreperson at 4:20 p.m. local time. Jurors have requested an extra 30 minutes to fill out forms and take other steps, according to Judge Juan Merchan .

The former president, his attorneys, prosecutors reporters and others were waiting in near silence in the courtroom as the jury entered the courtroom.

A drama-filled trial  

The six-week trial featured dramatic clashes between lawyers and witnesses, the judge and Trump.  

The testimony included tense moments, such as defense lawyer Todd Blanche accusing Trump’s former lawyer Michael Cohen , of lying on the stand and former Trump spokesperson Hope Hicks breaking into tears . 

Meanwhile, Judge Juan Merchan threatened to jail Trump if he continued to violate a gag order against talking about witnesses participating in the case. Merchan also scolded Blanche for an “outrageous” statement in closing arguments that the jury shouldn’t “send someone to prison” based on Cohen’s testimony. 

A flock of Republican surrogates showed up to support Trump, and one conspiracy theorist set himself on fire outside the courthouse. 

Correction: A previous version of this story quoted Trump as saying "this is far from over."

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• June 4, 2024   •   29:17 A Conversation With President Zelensky
• June 3, 2024   •   32:07 How Trump’s Conviction Could Reshape the Election
• May 31, 2024   •   31:29 Guilty
• May 30, 2024   •   25:21 The Government Takes On Ticketmaster
• May 29, 2024   •   29:46 The Closing Arguments in the Trump Trial
• May 28, 2024   •   25:56 The Alitos and Their Flags
• May 24, 2024   •   25:18 Whales Have an Alphabet
• May 23, 2024   •   34:24 I.C.C. Prosecutor Requests Warrants for Israeli and Hamas Leaders
• May 22, 2024   •   23:20 Biden’s Open War on Hidden Fees
• May 21, 2024   •   24:14 The Crypto Comeback
• May 20, 2024   •   31:51 Was the 401(k) a Mistake?
• May 19, 2024   •   33:23 The Sunday Read: ‘Why Did This Guy Put a Song About Me on Spotify?’

How Trump’s Conviction Could Reshape the Election

The guilty verdict in his manhattan criminal trial is set to become a key piece in the 2024 campaign..

Hosted by Michael Barbaro

Featuring Maggie Haberman and Reid J. Epstein

Produced by Rachel Quester ,  Asthaa Chaturvedi ,  Mooj Zadie and Diana Nguyen

Edited by Devon Taylor

Original music by Marion Lozano ,  Elisheba Ittoop and Pat McCusker

Engineered by Chris Wood

Listen and follow The Daily Apple Podcasts | Spotify | Amazon Music | YouTube

Last week, Donald J. Trump became the first U.S. former president to be convicted of a crime when a jury found that he had falsified business records to conceal a sex scandal.

Nate Cohn, who is the chief political analyst at The Times, Maggie Haberman, a senior political correspondent, and Reid J. Epstein, who also covers politics, discuss how the conviction might shape the remaining months of the presidential race.

On today’s episode

Nate Cohn , who is the chief political analyst for The New York Times.

Maggie Haberman , a senior political correspondent for The New York Times.

Reid J. Epstein , who covers politics for The New York Times.

Background reading

The political fallout is far from certain, but the verdict will test America’s traditions and legal institutions .

Watch a video analysis of whether this newfound moment sticks politically.

Democrats are pushing President Biden to make Mr. Trump’s felonies a top 2024 issue .

There are a lot of ways to listen to The Daily. Here’s how.

We aim to make transcripts available the next workday after an episode’s publication. You can find them at the top of the page.

The Daily is made by Rachel Quester, Lynsea Garrison, Clare Toeniskoetter, Paige Cowett, Michael Simon Johnson, Brad Fisher, Chris Wood, Jessica Cheung, Stella Tan, Alexandra Leigh Young, Lisa Chow, Eric Krupke, Marc Georges, Luke Vander Ploeg, M.J. Davis Lin, Dan Powell, Sydney Harper, Mike Benoist, Liz O. Baylen, Asthaa Chaturvedi, Rachelle Bonja, Diana Nguyen, Marion Lozano, Corey Schreppel, Rob Szypko, Elisheba Ittoop, Mooj Zadie, Patricia Willens, Rowan Niemisto, Jody Becker, Rikki Novetsky, John Ketchum, Nina Feldman, Will Reid, Carlos Prieto, Ben Calhoun, Susan Lee, Lexie Diao, Mary Wilson, Alex Stern, Sophia Lanman, Shannon Lin, Diane Wong, Devon Taylor, Alyssa Moxley, Summer Thomad, Olivia Natt, Daniel Ramirez and Brendan Klinkenberg.

Our theme music is by Jim Brunberg and Ben Landsverk of Wonderly. Special thanks to Sam Dolnick, Paula Szuchman, Lisa Tobin, Larissa Anderson, Julia Simon, Sofia Milan, Mahima Chablani, Elizabeth Davis-Moorer, Jeffrey Miranda, Renan Borelli, Maddy Masiello, Isabella Anderson, Nina Lassam and Nick Pitman.

Maggie Haberman is a senior political correspondent reporting on the 2024 presidential campaign, down ballot races across the country and the investigations into former President Donald J. Trump. More about Maggie Haberman

Reid J. Epstein covers campaigns and elections from Washington. Before joining The Times in 2019, he worked at The Wall Street Journal, Politico, Newsday and The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. More about Reid J. Epstein

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