| LP | LP | LP | LP | LP | LP |
---|
| 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 |
| 158 | 126 | 134 | 126 | 139 | 133 |
CD | 22.1 | 23.7 | 24.1 | 22.3 | 23.6 | 24.8 |
Intramodal dispersion | 0.1 | 5.6 | 3.7 | 0.2 | 4.2 | 3.3 |
Back-to-Back Insertion Loss of a Pair of MSCs
Unit: dB | LP | LP | LP | LP | LP | LP |
---|
Insertion loss | 2.1 | 3.9 | 4.4 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 4.6 |
Modal Crosstalk over the Whole FMF Link
Unit: dB | LP | LP | LP | LP | LP | LP |
---|
LP | – | LP | −13.4 | −20.6 | −27.4 | −20.6 |
LP | −13.4 | – | −14.2 | −17.4 | −23.3 | −22.6 |
LP | −22.9 | −13.6 | – | −20.1 | −19.4 | −23.3 |
LP | −18.5 | −17.5 | −19.9 | – | −27.9 | −21.1 |
LP | −27.9 | −23.7 | −17.8 | −24.5 | – | −18.9 |
LP | −20.4 | −20.6 | −25.9 | −22.1 | −15.8 | – |
Confirm Citation Alert
Field error.
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COMMENTS
There are two main types of nonexperimental research designs: comparative design and correlational design. In comparative research, the researcher examines the differences between two or more groups on the phenomenon that is being studied. For example, studying gender difference in learning mathematics is a comparative research.
There is a general misconception around research that once the research is non-experimental, then it is non-scientific, making it more important to understand what experimental and experimental research entails. ... The main distinction between these data collection tools is case studies and simulations. Even at that, similar tools are used ...
Non-experimental research is a broad term that covers "any study in which the researcher doesn't have quite as much control as they do in an experiment". ... case studies can complement the more statistically-oriented approaches that you see in experimental and quasi-experimental designs. We won't talk much about case studies in these ...
A case study involves in-depth analysis of a particular individual, group, or situation, aiming to provide a detailed understanding of a specific phenomenon. On the other hand, an experiment involves manipulating variables and observing the effects on a sample population, aiming to establish cause-and-effect relationships.
Non-experimental research is research that lacks the manipulation of an independent variable. Rather than manipulating an independent variable, researchers conducting non-experimental research simply measure variables as they naturally occur (in the lab or real world). Most researchers in psychology consider the distinction between experimental ...
Recall that internal validity is the extent to which the design of a study supports the conclusion that changes in the independent variable caused any observed differences in the dependent variable. Figure 7.1 shows how experimental, quasi-experimental, and correlational research vary in terms of internal validity. Experimental research tends ...
Non-experimental research is the type of research that lacks an independent variable. Instead, the researcher observes the context in which the phenomenon occurs and analyzes it to obtain information. Unlike experimental research, where the variables are held constant, non-experimental research happens during the study when the researcher ...
Revised on November 20, 2023. A case study is a detailed study of a specific subject, such as a person, group, place, event, organization, or phenomenon. Case studies are commonly used in social, educational, clinical, and business research. A case study research design usually involves qualitative methods, but quantitative methods are ...
Recall that internal validity is the extent to which the design of a study supports the conclusion that changes in the independent variable caused any observed differences in the dependent variable. Figure 7.1 shows how experimental, quasi-experimental, and correlational research vary in terms of internal validity. Experimental research tends ...
Case study - A case study is an uncontrolled, observational study of events and outcomes in a single case. Case series - A description of uncontrolled, non-experimental events and outcomes for a series of similar cases who receive the same intervention or have the same outcome.
Non-experimental research is research that lacks the manipulation of an independent variable. Rather than manipulating an independent variable, researchers conducting non-experimental research simply measure variables as they naturally occur (in the lab or real world). Most researchers in psychology consider the distinction between experimental ...
Non-experimental (correlational) research is lowest in internal validity because these designs fail to use manipulation or control. Quasi-experimental research falls in the middle because it contains some, but not all, of the features of a true experiment. For instance, it may fail to use random assignment to assign participants to groups.
Non-experimental research is a type of research design that is based on observation and measuring instead of experimentation with randomly assigned participants. What characterizes this research design is the fact that it lacks the manipulation of independent variables. Because of this fact, the non-experimental research is based on naturally ...
Overview of Non-experimental Methods. "Non-experimental methods" refers to a group of descriptive/ observational research techniques that, while unable to clearly establish cause-and-effect, can nevertheless reveal important aspects of thought, behavior, & social interaction. The primary non-experimental methods are Phenomenology, Case Studies ...
The studies are sometimes referred to as "case-referent," "case-comparison," or "trohoc" studies. The latter term is simply cohort spelled backwards, which is a good description of the main difference between the two study designs. A case-control design selects two similar popu-lations of patients based on their outcome.
Non-experimental researches are usually the diagnostic and prognostic studies with cross-sectional in data collection. The pinnacle of non-experimental research is the comparative effectiveness study, which is grouped with other non-experimental study designs such as cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies .
Nonexperimental research, defined as any kind of quantitative or qualitative research that is not an experiment, is the predominate kind of research design used in the social sciences. How to unambiguously and correctly present the results of nonexperimental research, however, remains decidedly unclear and possibly detrimental to applied ...
Typically, this means the non-experimental researcher must rely on correlations, surveys or case studies, and cannot demonstrate a true cause-and-effect relationship.
In the case of fully welded joints, there was a significant increase in both stiffness and strength; however, due to local flange yielding or weld failure, significant deformable capacity was not exhibited. ... and Jong-Hun Woo. 2024. "Experimental and Analytical Study on Non-Damaged Reinforcement Method for Pipe Rack Steel Structures ...
Non-experimental research. Non-experimental research is a broad term that covers "any study in which the researcher doesn't have quite as much control as they do in an experiment". Obviously, control is something that scientists like to have, but as the previous example illustrates, there are lots of situations in which you can't or shouldn't try to obtain that control.
The generation of scale-relevant data to predict performance in a manufacturing setting is a cornerstone of process chemistry. Modern, data-rich experimentation is routinely performed in automated laboratory reactors at the 50-100 mL scale, but there remains a gap between the data-rich experimentation scale and that associated with high-throughput experimentation. Filling this gap would ...
This paper presents our experience developing a Llama-based chatbot for question answering about continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) at Ericsson, a multinational telecommunications company. Our chatbot is designed to handle the specificities of CI/CD documents at Ericsson, employing a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) model to enhance accuracy and relevance. Our empirical ...
Experimental study design and sample analysis. The experimental study design is described in Fig. 1.Seventy-two clinically healthy and PCV-2 qPCR negative piglets from non-PCV-2 vaccinated sows during gestation were selected at 2 weeks of age from their farm of origin.
Loan portfolio forms a substantial amount of the assets of banks and it is the predominate source of interest income. However, when loans become non-performing, they tend to have some serious effects on the financial health of banks. In view of the critical role banks play in the economy of a country, it is worth finding out the causes of non-performing loan. The study was carried out to ...
The understanding of nonlinear propagation effects in low-crosstalk few-mode fiber is crucial for a weakly coupled mode-division multiplexed system. In this Letter, we report the first, to the best of our knowledge, experimental verification of the advantage of intramodal dispersion on mitigating intramodal cross-phase modulation in a weakly coupled few-mode fiber transmission. The ...